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Wang D, Li H, Xu M, Bo B, Pei M, Liang Z, Thompson GJ. Differential Effect of Global Signal Regression Between Awake and Anesthetized Conditions in Mice. Brain Connect 2024; 14:48-59. [PMID: 38063007 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies, global signal regression (GSR) is a controversial preprocessing strategy. It effectively eliminates global noise driven by motion and respiration but also can introduce artifacts and remove functionally relevant metabolic information. Most preclinical rs-fMRI studies are performed in anesthetized animals, and anesthesia will alter both metabolic and neuronal activity. Methods: In this study, we explored the effect of GSR on rs-fMRI data collected under anesthetized and awake state in mice (n = 12). We measured global signal amplitude, and also functional connectivity (FC), functional connectivity density (FCD) maps, and brain modularity, all commonly used data-driven analysis methods to quantify connectivity patterns. Results: We found that global signal amplitude was similar between the awake and anesthetized states. However, GSR had a different impact on connectivity networks and brain modularity changes between states. We demonstrated that GSR had a more prominent impact on the anesthetized state, with a greater decrease in functional connectivity and increased brain modularity. We classified mice using the change in amplitude of brain modularity coefficient (ΔQ) before and after GSR processing. The results revealed that, when compared with the largest ΔQ group, the smallest ΔQ group had increased FCD in the cortex region in both the awake and anesthetized states. This suggests differences in individual mice may affect how GSR differentially affects awake versus anesthetized functional connectivity. Discussion: This study suggests that, for rs-fMRI studies which compare different physiological states, researchers should use GSR processing with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyang Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Binshi Bo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchao Pei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Dai Y, Wang S, Yang M, Zhuo P, Ding Y, Li X, Cao Y, Guo X, Lin H, Tao J, Chen L, Liu W. Electroacupuncture protective effects after cerebral ischemia are mediated through miR-219a inhibition. Biol Res 2023; 56:36. [PMID: 37391839 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) is a complementary and alternative therapy which has shown protective effects on vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. METHODS Rat models of VCI were established with cerebral ischemia using occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or bilateral common carotid artery. The brain structure and function imaging were measured through animal MRI. miRNA expression was detected by chip and qPCR. Synaptic functional plasticity was detected using electrophysiological techniques. RESULTS This study demonstrated the enhancement of Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) activity of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the entorhinal cortical (EC) and hippocampus (HIP) in response to EA treatment. miR-219a was selected and confirmed to be elevated in HIP and EC in VCI but decreased after EA. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor1 (NMDAR1) was identified as the target gene of miR-219a. miR-219a regulated NMDAR-mediated autaptic currents, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), and long-term potentiation (LTP) of the EC-HIP CA1 circuit influencing synaptic plasticity. EA was able to inhibit miR-219a, enhancing synaptic plasticity of the EC-HIP CA1 circuit and increasing expression of NMDAR1 while promoting the phosphorylation of downstream calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), improving overall learning and memory in VCI rat models. CONCLUSION Inhibition of miR-219a ameliorates VCI by regulating NMDAR-mediated synaptic plasticity in animal models of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Dai
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Sinuo Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhuo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yanyi Ding
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yajun Cao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Huawei Lin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jing Tao
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
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