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Kim JZ, Larsen B, Parkes L. Shaping dynamical neural computations using spatiotemporal constraints. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 728:150302. [PMID: 38968771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Dynamics play a critical role in computation. The principled evolution of states over time enables both biological and artificial networks to represent and integrate information to make decisions. In the past few decades, significant multidisciplinary progress has been made in bridging the gap between how we understand biological versus artificial computation, including how insights gained from one can translate to the other. Research has revealed that neurobiology is a key determinant of brain network architecture, which gives rise to spatiotemporally constrained patterns of activity that underlie computation. Here, we discuss how neural systems use dynamics for computation, and claim that the biological constraints that shape brain networks may be leveraged to improve the implementation of artificial neural networks. To formalize this discussion, we consider a natural artificial analog of the brain that has been used extensively to model neural computation: the recurrent neural network (RNN). In both the brain and the RNN, we emphasize the common computational substrate atop which dynamics occur-the connectivity between neurons-and we explore the unique computational advantages offered by biophysical constraints such as resource efficiency, spatial embedding, and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Z Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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2
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Mei H, Peng J, Wang T, Zhou T, Zhao H, Zhang T, Yang Z. Overcoming the Limits of Cross-Sensitivity: Pattern Recognition Methods for Chemiresistive Gas Sensor Array. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 39141168 PMCID: PMC11324646 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
As information acquisition terminals for artificial olfaction, chemiresistive gas sensors are often troubled by their cross-sensitivity, and reducing their cross-response to ambient gases has always been a difficult and important point in the gas sensing area. Pattern recognition based on sensor array is the most conspicuous way to overcome the cross-sensitivity of gas sensors. It is crucial to choose an appropriate pattern recognition method for enhancing data analysis, reducing errors and improving system reliability, obtaining better classification or gas concentration prediction results. In this review, we analyze the sensing mechanism of cross-sensitivity for chemiresistive gas sensors. We further examine the types, working principles, characteristics, and applicable gas detection range of pattern recognition algorithms utilized in gas-sensing arrays. Additionally, we report, summarize, and evaluate the outstanding and novel advancements in pattern recognition methods for gas identification. At the same time, this work showcases the recent advancements in utilizing these methods for gas identification, particularly within three crucial domains: ensuring food safety, monitoring the environment, and aiding in medical diagnosis. In conclusion, this study anticipates future research prospects by considering the existing landscape and challenges. It is hoped that this work will make a positive contribution towards mitigating cross-sensitivity in gas-sensitive devices and offer valuable insights for algorithm selection in gas recognition applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Mei
- Key Lab Intelligent Rehabil & Barrier Free Disable (Ministry of Education), Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Peng
- Key Lab Intelligent Rehabil & Barrier Free Disable (Ministry of Education), Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Aldarondo D, Merel J, Marshall JD, Hasenclever L, Klibaite U, Gellis A, Tassa Y, Wayne G, Botvinick M, Ölveczky BP. A virtual rodent predicts the structure of neural activity across behaviours. Nature 2024; 632:594-602. [PMID: 38862024 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Animals have exquisite control of their bodies, allowing them to perform a diverse range of behaviours. How such control is implemented by the brain, however, remains unclear. Advancing our understanding requires models that can relate principles of control to the structure of neural activity in behaving animals. Here, to facilitate this, we built a 'virtual rodent', in which an artificial neural network actuates a biomechanically realistic model of the rat1 in a physics simulator2. We used deep reinforcement learning3-5 to train the virtual agent to imitate the behaviour of freely moving rats, thus allowing us to compare neural activity recorded in real rats to the network activity of a virtual rodent mimicking their behaviour. We found that neural activity in the sensorimotor striatum and motor cortex was better predicted by the virtual rodent's network activity than by any features of the real rat's movements, consistent with both regions implementing inverse dynamics6. Furthermore, the network's latent variability predicted the structure of neural variability across behaviours and afforded robustness in a way consistent with the minimal intervention principle of optimal feedback control7. These results demonstrate how physical simulation of biomechanically realistic virtual animals can help interpret the structure of neural activity across behaviour and relate it to theoretical principles of motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Aldarondo
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Fauna Robotics, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Josh Merel
- DeepMind, Google, London, UK
- Fauna Robotics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesse D Marshall
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Reality Labs, Meta, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ugne Klibaite
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Gellis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew Botvinick
- DeepMind, Google, London, UK
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bence P Ölveczky
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Eltager M, Abdelaal T, Charrout M, Mahfouz A, Reinders MJT, Makrodimitris S. Benchmarking variational AutoEncoders on cancer transcriptomics data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292126. [PMID: 37796856 PMCID: PMC10553230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep generative models, such as variational autoencoders (VAE), have gained increasing attention in computational biology due to their ability to capture complex data manifolds which subsequently can be used to achieve better performance in downstream tasks, such as cancer type prediction or subtyping of cancer. However, these models are difficult to train due to the large number of hyperparameters that need to be tuned. To get a better understanding of the importance of the different hyperparameters, we examined six different VAE models when trained on TCGA transcriptomics data and evaluated on the downstream tasks of cluster agreement with cancer subtypes and survival analysis. We studied the effect of the latent space dimensionality, learning rate, optimizer, initialization and activation function on the quality of subsequent downstream tasks on the TCGA samples. We found β-TCVAE and DIP-VAE to have a good performance, on average, despite being more sensitive to hyperparameters selection. Based on these experiments, we derived recommendations for selecting the different hyperparameters settings. To ensure generalization, we tested all hyperparameter configurations on the GTEx dataset. We found a significant correlation (ρ = 0.7) between the hyperparameter effects on clustering performance in the TCGA and GTEx datasets. This highlights the robustness and generalizability of our recommendations. In addition, we examined whether the learned latent spaces capture biologically relevant information. Hereto, we measured the correlation and mutual information of the different representations with various data characteristics such as gender, age, days to metastasis, immune infiltration, and mutation signatures. We found that for all models the latent factors, in general, do not uniquely correlate with one of the data characteristics nor capture separable information in the latent factors even for models specifically designed for disentanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Eltager
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tamim Abdelaal
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Charrout
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J. T. Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stavros Makrodimitris
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Tyagi P, Sharma A, Semwal R, Tiwary US, Varadwaj PK. XGBoost odor prediction model: finding the structure-odor relationship of odorant molecules using the extreme gradient boosting algorithm. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37723894 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2258415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Determining the structure-odor relationship has always been a very challenging task. The main challenge in investigating the correlation between the molecular structure and its associated odor is the ambiguous and obscure nature of verbally defined odor descriptors, particularly when the odorant molecules are from different sources. With the recent developments in machine learning (ML) technology, ML and data analytic techniques are significantly being used for quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) in the chemistry domain toward knowledge discovery where the traditional Edisonian methods have not been useful. The smell perception of odorant molecules is one of the aforementioned tasks, as olfaction is one of the least understood senses as compared to other senses. In this study, the XGBoost odor prediction model was generated to classify smells of odorant molecules from their SMILES strings. We first collected the dataset of 1278 odorant molecules with seven basic odor descriptors, and then 1875 physicochemical properties of odorant molecules were calculated. To obtain relevant physicochemical features, a feature reduction algorithm called PCA was also employed. The ML model developed in this study was able to predict all seven basic smells with high precision (>99%) and high sensitivity (>99%) when tested on an independent test dataset. The results of the proposed study were also compared with three recently conducted studies. The results indicate that the XGBoost-PCA model performed better than the other models for predicting common odor descriptors. The methodology and ML model developed in this study may be helpful in understanding the structure-odor relationship.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Tyagi
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Anju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, India
| | - Rahul Semwal
- Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Nagpur, Nagpur, India
| | - Uma Shanker Tiwary
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- Department of Bioinformatics and Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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6
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Chapochnikov NM, Pehlevan C, Chklovskii DB. Normative and mechanistic model of an adaptive circuit for efficient encoding and feature extraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2117484120. [PMID: 37428907 PMCID: PMC10629579 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117484120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One major question in neuroscience is how to relate connectomes to neural activity, circuit function, and learning. We offer an answer in the peripheral olfactory circuit of the Drosophila larva, composed of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) connected through feedback loops with interconnected inhibitory local neurons (LNs). We combine structural and activity data and, using a holistic normative framework based on similarity-matching, we formulate biologically plausible mechanistic models of the circuit. In particular, we consider a linear circuit model, for which we derive an exact theoretical solution, and a nonnegative circuit model, which we examine through simulations. The latter largely predicts the ORN [Formula: see text] LN synaptic weights found in the connectome and demonstrates that they reflect correlations in ORN activity patterns. Furthermore, this model accounts for the relationship between ORN [Formula: see text] LN and LN-LN synaptic counts and the emergence of different LN types. Functionally, we propose that LNs encode soft cluster memberships of ORN activity, and partially whiten and normalize the stimulus representations in ORNs through inhibitory feedback. Such a synaptic organization could, in principle, autonomously arise through Hebbian plasticity and would allow the circuit to adapt to different environments in an unsupervised manner. We thus uncover a general and potent circuit motif that can learn and extract significant input features and render stimulus representations more efficient. Finally, our study provides a unified framework for relating structure, activity, function, and learning in neural circuits and supports the conjecture that similarity-matching shapes the transformation of neural representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai M. Chapochnikov
- Center for Computation Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Cengiz Pehlevan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Dmitri B. Chklovskii
- Center for Computation Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY10010
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
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7
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Stasenko SV, Mikhaylov AN, Kazantsev VB. Model of Neuromorphic Odorant-Recognition Network. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:277. [PMID: 37504165 PMCID: PMC10377415 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a new model for a neuromorphic olfactory analyzer based on memristive synapses. The model comprises a layer of receptive neurons that perceive various odors and a layer of "decoder" neurons that recognize these odors. It is demonstrated that connecting these layers with memristive synapses enables the training of the "decoder" layer to recognize two types of odorants of varying concentrations. In the absence of such synapses, the layer of "decoder" neurons does not exhibit specificity in recognizing odorants. The recognition of the 'odorant' occurs through the neural activity of a group of decoder neurons that have acquired specificity for the odorant in the learning process. The proposed phenomenological model showcases the potential use of a memristive synapse in practical odorant recognition applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Stasenko
- Laboratory of Neurobiomorphic Technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 117303 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Advanced Methods for High-Dimensional Data Analysis, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey N Mikhaylov
- Laboratory of Memristor Nanoelectronics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victor B Kazantsev
- Laboratory of Neurobiomorphic Technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 117303 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Advanced Methods for High-Dimensional Data Analysis, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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8
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Qian WW, Wei JN, Sanchez-Lengeling B, Lee BK, Luo Y, Vlot M, Dechering K, Peng J, Gerkin RC, Wiltschko AB. Metabolic activity organizes olfactory representations. eLife 2023; 12:e82502. [PMID: 37129358 PMCID: PMC10154027 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing and vision sensory systems are tuned to the natural statistics of acoustic and electromagnetic energy on earth and are evolved to be sensitive in ethologically relevant ranges. But what are the natural statistics of odors, and how do olfactory systems exploit them? Dissecting an accurate machine learning model (Lee et al., 2022) for human odor perception, we find a computable representation for odor at the molecular level that can predict the odor-evoked receptor, neural, and behavioral responses of nearly all terrestrial organisms studied in olfactory neuroscience. Using this olfactory representation (principal odor map [POM]), we find that odorous compounds with similar POM representations are more likely to co-occur within a substance and be metabolically closely related; metabolic reaction sequences (Caspi et al., 2014) also follow smooth paths in POM despite large jumps in molecular structure. Just as the brain's visual representations have evolved around the natural statistics of light and shapes, the natural statistics of metabolism appear to shape the brain's representation of the olfactory world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley W Qian
- OsmoCambridgeUnited States
- Google Research, Brain TeamCambridgeUnited States
| | | | | | - Brian K Lee
- Google Research, Brain TeamCambridgeUnited States
| | - Yunan Luo
- Department of Computer Science, University of IllinoisUrbanaUnited States
| | | | | | - Jian Peng
- Department of Computer Science, University of IllinoisUrbanaUnited States
| | - Richard C Gerkin
- OsmoCambridgeUnited States
- Google Research, Brain TeamCambridgeUnited States
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Diaz C, Franks KM, Blazing RM. Neuroscience: Seq-ing maps in the olfactory cortex. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R266-R269. [PMID: 37040708 PMCID: PMC10644302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Many cortical brain regions are spatially organized to optimize sensory representation. Such topographic maps have so far been elusive in the olfactory cortex. A high-throughput tracing study reveals that the neural circuits connecting olfactory regions are indeed topographically organized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Diaz
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Kevin M Franks
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Robin M Blazing
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Frey T, Kwadha CA, Haag F, Pelletier J, Wallin EA, Holgersson E, Hedenström E, Bohman B, Bengtsson M, Becher PG, Krautwurst D, Witzgall P. The human odorant receptor OR10A6 is tuned to the pheromone of the commensal fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. iScience 2022; 25:105269. [PMID: 36300000 PMCID: PMC9589189 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
All living things speak chemistry. The challenge is to reveal the vocabulary, the odorants that enable communication across phylogenies and to translate them to physiological, behavioral, and ecological function. Olfactory receptors (ORs) interface animals with airborne odorants. Expression in heterologous cells makes it possible to interrogate single ORs and to identify cognate ligands. The cosmopolitan, anthropophilic strain of the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster depends on human resources and housing for survival. Curiously, humans sense the pheromone (Z)-4-undecenal (Z4-11Al) released by single fly females. A screening of all human ORs shows that the most highly expressed OR10A6 is tuned to Z4-11Al. Females of an ancestral African fly strain release a blend of Z4-11Al and Z4-9Al that produces a different aroma, which is how we distinguish these fly strains by nose. That flies and humans sense Z4-11Al via dedicated ORs shows how convergent evolution shapes communication channels between vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Humans sense the sex pheromone Z411-Al released by single Drosophila melanogaster females The most highly expressed human olfactory receptor OR10A6 is tuned to Z411-Al An African fly strain emits two aldehydes, which we distinguish from Z411-Al by nose Convergent evolution shapes chemical communication between phylogenies
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Frey
- Leibniz-Institut für Lebensmittel-Systembiologie an der Technischen Universität München, Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Charles A. Kwadha
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Franziska Haag
- Leibniz-Institut für Lebensmittel-Systembiologie an der Technischen Universität München, Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Julien Pelletier
- Leibniz-Institut für Lebensmittel-Systembiologie an der Technischen Universität München, Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Erika A. Wallin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Hedenström
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Björn Bohman
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Marie Bengtsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Paul G. Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- Leibniz-Institut für Lebensmittel-Systembiologie an der Technischen Universität München, Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden,Corresponding author
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Kim C, Lee KK, Kang MS, Shin DM, Oh JW, Lee CS, Han DW. Artificial olfactory sensor technology that mimics the olfactory mechanism: a comprehensive review. Biomater Res 2022; 26:40. [PMID: 35986395 PMCID: PMC9392354 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial olfactory sensors that recognize patterns transmitted by olfactory receptors are emerging as a technology for monitoring volatile organic compounds. Advances in statistical processing methods and data processing technology have made it possible to classify patterns in sensor arrays. Moreover, biomimetic olfactory recognition sensors in the form of pattern recognition have been developed. Deep learning and artificial intelligence technologies have enabled the classification of pattern data from more sensor arrays, and improved artificial olfactory sensor technology is being developed with the introduction of artificial neural networks. An example of an artificial olfactory sensor is the electronic nose. It is an array of various types of sensors, such as metal oxides, electrochemical sensors, surface acoustic waves, quartz crystal microbalances, organic dyes, colorimetric sensors, conductive polymers, and mass spectrometers. It can be tailored depending on the operating environment and the performance requirements of the artificial olfactory sensor. This review compiles artificial olfactory sensor technology based on olfactory mechanisms. We introduce the mechanisms of artificial olfactory sensors and examples used in food quality and stability assessment, environmental monitoring, and diagnostics. Although current artificial olfactory sensor technology has several limitations and there is limited commercialization owing to reliability and standardization issues, there is considerable potential for developing this technology. Artificial olfactory sensors are expected to be widely used in advanced pattern recognition and learning technologies, along with advanced sensor technology in the future.
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McLaughlin CN, Luo L. Scent of a human: The mosquito olfactory system defies dogma to ensure attraction to humans. Cell 2022; 185:3079-3081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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