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Ai S. STN-PFC circuit related to attentional fluctuations during non-movement decision-making. Neuroscience 2024; 553:110-120. [PMID: 38972448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Decision-making is a cognitive process, in which participants need to attend to relevant information and ignore the irrelevant information. Previous studies have described a set of cortical areas important for attention. It is unclear whether subcortical areas also serve a role. The subthalamic nucleus (STN), a part of basal ganglia, is traditionally considered a critical node in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamus-cortico network. Given the location of the STN and its widespread connections with cortical and subcortical brain regions, the STN plays an important role in motor and non-motor cognitive processing. We would like to know if STN is also related to fluctuations in attentional task performance, and how the STN interacts with prefrontal cortical regions during the process. We examined neural activities within STN covaried with lapses of attention (defined as behavior error). We found that decreased neural activities in STN were associated with sustained attention. By examining connectivity across STN and various sub-regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), we found that decreased connectivity across areas was associated with sustained attention. Our results indicated that decreased STN activities were associated with sustained attention, and the STN-PFC circuit supported this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Lundqvist M, Miller EK, Nordmark J, Liljefors J, Herman P. Beta: bursts of cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:662-676. [PMID: 38658218 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Beta oscillations are linked to the control of goal-directed processing of sensory information and the timing of motor output. Recent evidence demonstrates they are not sustained but organized into intermittent high-power bursts mediating timely functional inhibition. This implies there is a considerable moment-to-moment variation in the neural dynamics supporting cognition. Beta bursts thus offer new opportunities for studying how sensory inputs are selectively processed, reshaped by inhibitory cognitive operations and ultimately result in motor actions. Recent method advances reveal diversity in beta bursts that provide deeper insights into their function and the underlying neural circuit activity motifs. We propose that brain-wide, spatiotemporal patterns of beta bursting reflect various cognitive operations and that their dynamics reveal nonlinear aspects of cortical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Lundqvist
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; The Picower Institute for Learning & Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Earl K Miller
- The Picower Institute for Learning & Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonatan Nordmark
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Liljefors
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pawel Herman
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Digital Futures, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hu S, Yang T. Context matters: The interactive effect of introvert-extrovert personality traits and object valence on object-based attention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38825964 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has independently investigated the impact of individual personality traits and object valence on different patterns of attentional selection. However, the interactive role of individual personality traits and object valence in different patterns of attentional selection in both same and different emotional contexts remains unclear. To address the above issues, the present research used a variant of the two-rectangle paradigm, preselected individuals as introverts and extroverts, and simultaneously presented two faces with same or different emotions. Accordance to the result, in the same emotional context, personality traits and object valence did not interact to modulate both space-based effect (SBE) and object-based effect (OBE). However, in the different emotional context, personality traits and object valence interacted to modulate OBE. Specifically, for the extroverts, OBE existed no difference among negative, neutral and positive conditions. In contrast, for the introverts, the OBE was larger in the negative condition compared to those in the positive and neutral conditions. This research provides the first evidence suggesting that object-based attention can be impacted by the interaction between individual characteristics and object properties, and further proposes a preliminary framework called "context-dependent attentional selection hypothesis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Hu
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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Hoy CW, de Hemptinne C, Wang SS, Harmer CJ, Apps MAJ, Husain M, Starr PA, Little S. Beta and theta oscillations track effort and previous reward in human basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex during decision making. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570285. [PMID: 38106063 PMCID: PMC10723308 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Choosing whether to exert effort to obtain rewards is fundamental to human motivated behavior. However, the neural dynamics underlying the evaluation of reward and effort in humans is poorly understood. Here, we investigate this with chronic intracranial recordings from prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basal ganglia (BG; subthalamic nuclei and globus pallidus) in people with Parkinson's disease performing a decision-making task with offers that varied in levels of reward and physical effort required. This revealed dissociable neural signatures of reward and effort, with BG beta (12-20 Hz) oscillations tracking subjective effort on a single trial basis and PFC theta (4-7 Hz) signaling previous trial reward. Stimulation of PFC increased overall acceptance of offers in addition to increasing the impact of reward on choices. This work uncovers oscillatory mechanisms that guide fundamental decisions to exert effort for reward across BG and PFC, as well as supporting a causal role of PFC for such choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W. Hoy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Coralie de Hemptinne
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah S. Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mathew A. J. Apps
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip A. Starr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon Little
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wansbrough K. A novel protocol for indirectly evaluating entrainment during tACS in humans. J Physiol 2023; 601:4663-4664. [PMID: 37804075 DOI: 10.1113/jp285465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kym Wansbrough
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Education, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
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