1
|
Špirková A, Kovaříková V, Šefčíková Z, Pisko J, Kšiňanová M, Koppel J, Fabian D, Čikoš Š. Glutamate can act as a signaling molecule in mouse preimplantation embryos. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:916-927. [PMID: 35746896 PMCID: PMC9562114 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free amino acids are present in the natural environment of the preimplantation embryo, and their availability can influence early embryo development. Glutamic acid is one of the amino acids with highest concentrations in female reproductive fluids, and we investigated whether glutamic acid/glutamate can affect preimplantation embryo development by acting through cell membrane receptors. Using RT-PCR, we detected 15 ionotropic glutamate receptor transcripts and 8 metabotropic glutamate receptor transcripts in mouse ovulated oocytes and/or in vivo developed blastocysts. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected expression of two AMPA receptor subunits, three kainate receptor subunits and member 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor protein in blastocysts. Extracellular concentrations of glutamic acid starting at 5 mM impaired mouse blastocyst development, and this fact may be of great practical importance since glutamic acid and its salts (mainly monosodium glutamate) are widely used as food additives. Experiments with glutamate receptor agonists (in combination with gene expression analysis) revealed that specific AMPA receptors (formed from GRIA3 and/or GRIA4 subunits), kainate receptors (formed from GRIK 3 and GRIK 4 or GRIK 5 subunits) and GRM5 glutamate receptor were involved in this effect. The glutamic acid-induced effects were prevented or reduced by pre-treatment of blastocysts with AMPA, kainate and GRM5 receptor antagonists, further confirming the involvement of these receptor types. Our results show that glutamic acid can act as a signaling molecule in preimplantation embryos, exerting its effects through activation of cell membrane receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Špirková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kovaříková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Šefčíková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Pisko
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Kšiňanová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Koppel
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Fabian
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Čikoš
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leithead AB, Tasker JG, Harony‐Nicolas H. The interplay between glutamatergic circuits and oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus and its relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13061. [PMID: 34786775 PMCID: PMC8951898 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) neurons of the hypothalamus are at the center of several physiological functions, including milk ejection, uterus contraction, and maternal and social behavior. In lactating females, OXT neurons show a pattern of burst firing and inter-neuron synchronization during suckling that leads to pulsatile release of surges of OXT into the bloodstream to stimulate milk ejection. This pattern of firing and population synchronization may be facilitated in part by hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits, as has been observed in vitro using brain slices obtained from male rats and neonates. However, it remains unknown how hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits influence OXT cell activity outside the context of lactation. In this review, we summarize the in vivo and in vitro studies that describe the synchronized burst firing pattern of OXT neurons and the implication of hypothalamic glutamate in this pattern of firing. We also make note of the few studies that have traced glutamatergic afferents to the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Finally, we discuss the genetic findings implicating several glutamatergic genes in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, thus underscoring the need for future studies to investigate the impact of these mutations on hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits and the OXT system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Leithead
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and TreatmentNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Friedman Brain Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jeffrey G. Tasker
- Neurobiology DivisionDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Hala Harony‐Nicolas
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and TreatmentNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Friedman Brain Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao G, Zhou W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Song Z. Critical role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the Th17 cell differentiation and the melanogenesis of B16 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9282. [PMID: 32267311 PMCID: PMC7162588 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder resulting from selective destruction of melanocytes. Emerging studies have suggested that T helper cell 17 (Th17) is potentially implicated in vitiligo development and progression. It was recently discovered that metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) can modulate Th17-mediated adaptive immunity. However, the influence of mGluR4 on melanogenesis of melanocytes has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we primarily cultured mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) and then knocked down and over-expressed mGluR4 using transfection. Transduced BMDC were co-cultured with CD4+ T cells and the expression of Th17-related cytokines were measured. The morphology and melanogenesis of B16 cells were observed after being treated with co-culture medium of CD4+ T cells and transduced BMDC. We found that mGluR4 knockdown did not affect the co-stimulatory CD80 and CD86 upregulation after lipopolysaccharide stimulation but did increase the expression of Th17-related cytokines, and further down-regulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and the downstream genes, decreased melanin production, and destroyed the morphology of B16 cells. Conversely, over-expression of mGluR4 reduced the expression of CD80 and CD86, suppressed the production of Th17-related cytokines, increased the expression of MITF, and did not destroy the morphology of B16 cells. Our study confirmed that mGluR4 modulated the Th17 cell polarization and resulted in the alteration of melanogenesis and morphology of B16 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest mGluR4 might be a potent target involved in the immune pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Zheng X, Liu Y, Luan Y, Wang L, Zhao L, Zhang J, Tian Y, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 regulates proliferation and neural differentiation in neural stem/progenitor cells of the rat subventricular zone and increases phosphatase and tensin homolog protein expression. J Neurochem 2020; 156:465-480. [PMID: 32052426 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist in the mammalian subventricular zone throughout life, where they can be activated in response to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. A recent study indicates metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) is involved in regulating NSPCs behaviors. Therefore, defining mGluR4 function in NSPCs is necessary for determining novel strategies to enhance the intrinsic potential for brain regeneration after injuries. In this study, mGluR4 was functionally expressed in SVZ-derived NSPCs from male Sprague-Dawley rats, in which the cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration was reduced after treatment with the mGluR4-specific agonist VU0155041. Additionally, lateral ventricle injection of VU0155041 significantly decreased 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+ and Ki67+ cells, while increased Doublecortin (DCX)/BrdU double-positive cells in SVZ. In cultured NSPCs, mGluR4 activation decreased the ratio of BrdU+ cells, G2/M-phase cells, and inhibited Cyclin D1 expression, whereas it increased neuron-specific class III β-tubulin (Tuj1) expression and the number of Tuj1, DCX, and PSA-NCAM-positive cells. However, pharmacological blocking mGluR4 with the antagonist MSOP or knockdown of mGluR4 abolished the effects of VU0155041 on NSPCs proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Further investigation demonstrated that VU0155041 treatment down-regulated AKT phosphorylation and up-regulated expression of the phosphatase and tensin homolog protein (PTEN) in NSPCs culture. Moreover VU0155041-induced proliferating inhibition and neuronal differentiating amplification in NSPCs were significantly hampered by VO-OHpic, a PTEN inhibitor. We conclude that activation of mGluR4 in SVZ-derived NSPCs suppresses proliferation and enhances their neuronal differentiation, and regulation of PTEN may be involved as a potential intracellular target of mGluR4 signal. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15052.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianshui Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yumei Tian
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiang Y, Han H, Ji S, Wei L, Yang P, Zhang J. The developmental expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 in prenatal human frontal lobe and neurogenesis regions. Brain Dev 2019; 41:567-576. [PMID: 30954358 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Metabotropic glutamate receptors, besides ionotropic receptors, mediate the complicated effect of glutamate on neurogenesis. Previous studies showed that metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) regulated the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. However, little is known about the expression pattern of mGluR4 on prenatal central nervous system in vivo, especially the human being. METHODS The normal brain tissues of human fetus were collected and divided into 4 groups according to the gestational age: 9-11 W, 14-16 W, 22-24 W and 32-36 W. Then the expression of mGluR4 was evaluated at mRNA and protein levels by means of PCR or immunohistochemistry method, respectively. The type of cell expressing mGluR4 was further investigated using double-labeling immunofluorescence. RESULTS RT-PCR showed that the mRNA of mGluR4 could be detected in frontal lobe from 9 W to 32 W and real-time PCR quantificationally demonstrated the mRNA increased with development. Similarly, immnoreactivity was found in all layers of frontal lobe, VZ/SVZ. The intensity scores analysis showed that the staining became stronger and the range extended gradually with development. The double-labeling immunofluorescence showed that mGluR4 was present in neural stem/progenitor cells (nestin-positive cells after 9 W), young neurons (DCX-positive cells after 9 W), mature neurons (NeuN-positive cells in cortex after 32 W), as well as typical astrocytes (GFAP-positive cells in medulla after 32 W). CONCLUSION These results supply an important evidence that mGluR4 is expressed in prenatal human cerebrum, and main kinds of cells related to neurogenesis are involved in its expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xi'an Huashan Central Hospital, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Shengfeng Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, China
| | - Pengbo Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China.
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Wang Z, Liu W, Ai Z. CD133 promotes the self-renewal capacity of thyroid cancer stem cells through activation of glutamate aspartate transporter SLC1A3 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Zheng X, Luan Y, Liu Y, Li X, Liu C, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y. Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 Suppresses Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis With Inhibition of Gli-1 in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:320. [PMID: 29867331 PMCID: PMC5962807 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal glioma variant in the adult brain and among the deadliest of human cancers. Increasing evidence has shown that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 4 (mGluR4) expression may play roles in regulating the growth of neural stem cells as well as several cancer cell lines. Here, we investigated the effects of mGluR4 on the growth and apoptosis of the LN229 GBM cell line. Involvement of Gli-1, one of the key transcription factors in the sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway, was further explored. In this study, mGluR4 was activated using selective agonist VU0155041; and gene-targeted siRNAs were used to generate loss of function of mGluR4 and Gli-1 in LN229 cells. The results demonstrated that LN229 cells expressed mGluR4 and the agonist VU0155041 decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Activation of mGluR4 inhibited cyclin D1 expression, activated pro-caspase-8/9/3, and disrupted the balance of Bcl-2/Bax expression, which indicated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of LN229 cells, respectively. Furthermore, Gli-1 expression was reduced by mGluR4 activation in LN229 cells, and downregulation of Gli-1 expression by gene-targeted siRNA resulted in both inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. Moreover, VU0155041 treatment substantially blocked SHH-induced cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation, while increasing TUNEL-positive cells and the activation of apoptosis-related proteins. We concluded that activation of mGluR4 expressed in LN229 cells could inhibit GBM cell growth by decreasing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Further suppression of intracellular Gli-1 expression might be involved in the action of mGluR4 on cancer cells. Our study suggested a novel role of mGluR4, which might serve as a potential drug target for control of GBM cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chongxiao Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao G, Liu Y, Yi X, Wang Y, Qiao S, Li Z, Ni J, Song Z. Curcumin inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation by regulating the metabotropic glutamate receptor-4 expression on dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:80-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Activation of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor promotes the proliferation of rat retinal progenitor cell via activation of the PI-3-K and MAPK signaling pathways. Neuroscience 2016; 322:138-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Marciniak M, Chruścicka B, Lech T, Burnat G, Pilc A. Expression of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the reproductive system of male mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:369-74. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the presence of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in the central nervous system is well documented, they have recently been found in peripheral and non-neuronal tissues. In the present study we investigated the expression of group III mGlu receptors in the reproductive system of male mice. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the presence of mGlu6, mGlu7 and mGlu8 (but not mGlu4) receptor transcripts in testes and epididymides from adult mice. In addition, expression of mGlu6 (Grm6) and mGlu8 receptor (Grm8) mRNA was detected in spermatozoa isolated from the vas deferens. The vas deferens was found to contain only mGlu7 receptor (Grm7) mRNA, which was particularly intense in 21-day-old male mice. In penile homogenates, only the mGlu7 receptor signal was detected. Genetic ablation of the mGlu7 receptor in males led to fertility disorders manifested by decreased insemination capability as well as deterioration of sperm parameters, particularly sperm motility, vitality, sperm membrane integrity and morphology, with a simultaneous increase in sperm concentration. These results indicate that constitutively expressed mGlu receptors in the male reproductive system may play an important role in ejaculation and/or erection processes, as well as in the formation and maturation of spermatozoa.
Collapse
|
11
|
Choi HY, Saha SK, Kim K, Kim S, Yang GM, Kim B, Kim JH, Cho SG. G protein-coupled receptors in stem cell maintenance and somatic reprogramming to pluripotent or cancer stem cells. BMB Rep 2015; 48:68-80. [PMID: 25413305 PMCID: PMC4352616 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.2.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large class of transmembrane receptors categorized into five distinct families: rhodopsin, secretin, adhesion, glutamate, and frizzled. They bind and regulate 80% of all hormones and account for 20-50% of the pharmaceuticals currently on the market. Hundreds of GPCRs integrate and coordinate the functions of individual cells, mediating signaling between various organs. GPCRs are crucial players in tumor progression, adipogenesis, and inflammation. Several studies have also confirmed their central roles in embryonic development and stem cell maintenance. Recently, GPCRs have emerged as key players in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, migration, and self-renewal in pluripotent (PSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Our study and other reports have revealed that the expression of many GPCRs is modulated during the generation of induced PSCs (iPSCs) or CSCs as well as during CSC sphere formation. These GPCRs may have crucial roles in the regulation of selfrenewal and other biological properties of iPSCs and CSCs. This review addresses the current understanding of the role of GPCRs in stem cell maintenance and somatic reprogramming to PSCs or CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Sangsu Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - BongWoo Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jin-hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Z, Ma W, Wang L, Gong H, Tian Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y. Activation of Type 4 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Death of Neural Stem Cells with Inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2709-22. [PMID: 26176363 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting both endogenous and exogenous neural stem cells' (NSCs) survival in the hostile host environments is essential to cell replacement therapy for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR4), one of the members of mGluRs, has been shown to protect neurons from acute and chronic excitotoxic insults in various brain damages. The present study investigated the preventive effects of mGluR4 on NSC injury induced by oxidative stress. Under challenge with H2O2, loss of cell viability was observed in cultured rat NSCs, and treatment with selective mGluR4 agonist VU0155041 conferred protective effects against the loss of cellular viability in a concentration-dependent manner, as shown by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Pretreatment of VU0155041 (30 μM) also inhibited the excessive NSC death induced by H2O2, and group III mGluRs antagonist (RS)-a-methylserine-O-phosphate (MSOP) or gene-targeted knockdown abolished the protective action of mGluR4, indicated by propidium iodide-Hoechst and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Western blot assay demonstrated that mGluR4 activation reversed the decreased procaspase-8/9/3and the destructed Bcl-2/Bax expressing balance, and likewise, MSOP and mGluR4 knockdown abrogated the action of mGluR4 activity. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were observed after mGluR4 activation, and as paralleling control, JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 and p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 significantly rescued the H2O2-mediated NSC apoptosis and cleavage of procaspase-3. We suggest that activation of mGluR4 prevents oxidative stress-induced NSC death and apoptotic-associated protein activities with involvement of inhibiting the JNK and p38 pathways in cell culture. Our findings may help to develop strategies for enhancing the resided and transplanted NSC survival after oxidative stress insult of CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Ma
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanshi Gong
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yumei Tian
- 3 Xi'an Mental Health Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianshui Zhang
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Liu
- 1 Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 induces inhibition of cellular proliferation and promotes astrocyte differentiation of ventral mesencephalon human neural stem/progenitor cells. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:421-31. [PMID: 21624409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) was established by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry on a cultured clonal human neural stem/progenitor cell (hNSPC) line derived from fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM). Selective activation of these receptors by the group III mGluR agonist L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) prevented increases in cAMP levels following forskolin stimulation, suggesting these receptors are coupled to their canonical G-protein coupled signal transduction pathway. Tonic exposure of undifferentiated cultures to L-AP4 resulted in a decrease in cellular metabolism and proliferation in the absence of toxicity, as measured by MTT and LDH assays, in a dose-dependent manner. This was confirmed by a reduction in BrdU incorporation into nuclear DNA, suggestive of an anti-proliferative effect of L-AP4. This effect was rescued by co-addition of the broad-spectrum group III mGluR competitive antagonist (RS)-a-cyclopropyl-4-phosphonophenylglycine (CPPG), demonstrating a receptor-mediated mechanism, but not mimicked by application of the cell permeable cAMP analogue dibutyrl cAMP (db-cAMP). The potency of these effects of L-AP4 indicates that this is an mGlu7 subtype-mediated effect. Tonic exposure of undifferentiated cultures to the mGlu7 selective allosteric agonist N,N'-bis(diphenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine dihydrochloride (AMN082), but not the mGlu4 selective allosteric agonist (±)-cis-2-(3,5-dicholorphenylcarbamoyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (VU0155041), or the mGlu8 selective agonist (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine ((S)-3,4-DCPG) resulted in an identical anti-proliferative effect to L-AP4, confirming the involvement of the mGlu7 subtype. In differentiating cultures, tonic exposure to L-AP4 or AMN082 resulted in a significant shift towards an astrocyte cell fate. The mGlu7 receptor therefore provides a new opportunity to influence the proliferation and differentiation of ventral mesencephalon-derived hNSPC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Julio-Pieper M, Flor PJ, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Exciting times beyond the brain: metabotropic glutamate receptors in peripheral and non-neural tissues. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:35-58. [PMID: 21228260 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors expressed primarily on neurons and glial cells, where they are located in the proximity of the synaptic cleft. In the central nervous system (CNS), mGlu receptors modulate the effects of l-glutamate neurotransmission in addition to that of a variety of other neurotransmitters. However, mGlu receptors also have a widespread distribution outside the CNS that has been somewhat neglected to date. Based on this expression, diverse roles of mGlu receptors have been suggested in a variety of processes in health and disease including controlling hormone production in the adrenal gland and pancreas, regulating mineralization in the developing cartilage, modulating lymphocyte cytokine production, directing the state of differentiation in embryonic stem cells, and modulating gastrointestinal secretory function. Understanding the role of mGlu receptors in the periphery will also provide a better insight into potential side effects of drugs currently being developed for neurological and psychiatric conditions. This review summarizes the new potential roles of mGlu receptors and raises the possibility of novel pharmacological targets for various disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Julio-Pieper
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Callihan P, Mumaw J, Machacek DW, Stice SL, Hooks SB. Regulation of stem cell pluripotency and differentiation by G protein coupled receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 129:290-306. [PMID: 21073897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapeutics have the potential to effectively treat many terminal and debilitating human diseases, but the mechanisms by which their growth and differentiation are regulated are incompletely defined. Recent data from multiple systems suggest major roles for G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways in regulating stem cell function in vivo and in vitro. The goal of this review is to illustrate common ground between the growing field of stem cell therapeutics and the long-established field of G protein coupled receptor signaling. Herein, we briefly introduce basic stem cell biology and discuss how several conserved pathways regulate pluripotency and differentiation in mouse and human stem cells. We further discuss general mechanisms by which GPCR signaling may impact these pluripotency and differentiation pathways, and summarize specific examples of receptors from each of the major GPCR subfamilies that have been shown to regulate stem cell function. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic implications of GPCR regulation of stem cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Callihan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
AMN082 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells with influence on phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathways. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:8-15. [PMID: 20399820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are expressed in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and may play important roles in the neurogenesis during embryonic development and adult brain repair following injuries. In the present study, we investigated the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) and the possible roles of this receptor in the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs isolated from embryonic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that under the normal culture and the hypoxic condition, both mRNA and protein of mGluR 7 are expressed in NPCs. Administration of AMN082, a selective agonist ofmGluR7, promoted the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs. We also demonstrated that activation of JNK and ERK signaling pathways are involved in the differentiation of NPCs into neurons following AMN082 treatment. AMN082 stimulated p-ERK and p-JNK2 expression in both normal and hypoxic conditions at different time points. But p-p38 decreased in normoxia and increased in hypoxia condition at 6h following treated with AMN082 activation. In conclusion, mGluR7 possesses the potential in promoting rat NPCs proliferation and differentiation in vitro with changes in phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways, suggesting that mGluR7 may exert an important role in brain development and repair of the central nervous system after injury.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ciceroni C, Mosillo P, Mastrantoni E, Sale P, Ricci-Vitiani L, Biagioni F, Stocchi F, Nicoletti F, Melchiorri D. mGLU3 metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate the differentiation of SVZ-derived neural stem cells towards the astrocytic lineage. Glia 2010; 58:813-22. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.20965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Sarichelou I, Cappuccio I, Ferranti F, Mosillo P, Ciceroni C, Sale P, Stocchi F, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F, Melchiorri D. Metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate differentiation of embryonic stem cells into GABAergic neurons. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:700-7. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
19
|
Nicoletti F, Battaglia G, Storto M, Ngomba RT, Iacovelli L, Arcella A, Gradini R, Sale P, Rampello L, De Vita T, Di Marco R, Melchiorri D, Bruno V. Metabotropic glutamate receptors: beyond the regulation of synaptic transmission. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007; 32 Suppl 1:S40-5. [PMID: 17651904 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are G-protein coupled receptors activated by glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the CNS. A growing body of evidence suggests that the function of mGlu receptors is not restricted to the regulation of synaptic transmission. mGlu receptors are expressed in a variety of peripheral cells, including inter alia hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, osteoblasts and immune cells. Within the immunological synapses, mGlu receptors expressed by T cells might contribute to the vast array of signals generated by the antigen-presenting cells. mGlu receptors are also found in embryonic and neural stem cells. This suggests their involvement in the pathophysiology of brain tumors, which likely originates from cancer stem cells similar to neural stem cells. Ligands of mGlu3 and mGlu4 receptors are potential candidates for the experimental treatment of malignant gliomas and medulloblastomas, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nicoletti F, Arcella A, Iacovelli L, Battaglia G, Giangaspero F, Melchiorri D. Metabotropic glutamate receptors: new targets for the control of tumor growth? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007; 28:206-13. [PMID: 17433452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are currently a target for the treatment of malignant tumors. Transformed neural stem-progenitor cells of the brain subventricular zone and the external granular layer of the cerebellum are the putative cells of origin of malignant gliomas and medulloblastomas, which are the most frequent malignant brain tumors in adults and children, respectively. The proliferation of neural stem-progenitor cells is regulated by metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, which are G-protein-coupled receptors that are activated by glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the CNS. At least two receptor subtypes - mGlu(3) and mGlu(4) receptors - control the proliferation of brain tumor cells, whereas mGlu(1) receptors have been implicated in the development of melanomas. We believe that individual mGlu receptor subtypes represent new potential targets for the treatment of several malignant tumors, including brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli 86079, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|