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Bortolozzi A, Fico G, Berk M, Solmi M, Fornaro M, Quevedo J, Zarate CA, Kessing LV, Vieta E, Carvalho AF. New Advances in the Pharmacology and Toxicology of Lithium: A Neurobiologically Oriented Overview. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:323-357. [PMID: 38697859 PMCID: PMC11068842 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last six decades, lithium has been considered the gold standard treatment for the long-term management of bipolar disorder due to its efficacy in preventing both manic and depressive episodes as well as suicidal behaviors. Nevertheless, despite numerous observed effects on various cellular pathways and biologic systems, the precise mechanism through which lithium stabilizes mood remains elusive. Furthermore, there is recent support for the therapeutic potential of lithium in other brain diseases. This review offers a comprehensive examination of contemporary understanding and predominant theories concerning the diverse mechanisms underlying lithium's effects. These findings are based on investigations utilizing cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have provided additional support for the significance of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition as a crucial mechanism. Furthermore, research has shed more light on the interconnections between GSK3-mediated neuroprotective, antioxidant, and neuroplasticity processes. Moreover, recent advancements in animal and human models have provided valuable insights into how lithium-induced modifications at the homeostatic synaptic plasticity level may play a pivotal role in its clinical effectiveness. We focused on findings from translational studies suggesting that lithium may interface with microRNA expression. Finally, we are exploring the repurposing potential of lithium beyond bipolar disorder. These recent findings on the therapeutic mechanisms of lithium have provided important clues toward developing predictive models of response to lithium treatment and identifying new biologic targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action in stabilizing mood remains elusive. This review presents the latest evidence on lithium's various mechanisms of action. Recent evidence has strengthened glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition, changes at the level of homeostatic synaptic plasticity, and regulation of microRNA expression as key mechanisms, providing an intriguing perspective that may help bridge the mechanistic gap between molecular functions and its clinical efficacy as a mood stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Michael Berk
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Marco Solmi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Lars V Kessing
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
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Luo X, Xu M, Guo W. Adult neurogenesis research in China. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:534-545. [PMID: 37899611 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells are multipotent stem cells that generate functional newborn neurons through a process called neurogenesis. Neurogenesis in the adult brain is tightly regulated and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of brain function. Disruption of adult neurogenesis impairs cognitive function and is correlated with numerous neurologic disorders. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis not only advances our understanding of how the brain functions, but also offers new insight into neurologic diseases and potentially contributes to the development of effective treatments. The field of adult neurogenesis is experiencing significant growth in China. Chinese researchers have demonstrated a multitude of factors governing adult neurogenesis and revealed the underlying mechanisms of and correlations between adult neurogenesis and neurologic disorders. Here, we provide an overview of recent advancements in the field of adult neurogenesis due to Chinese scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kodali M, Madhu LN, Reger RL, Milutinovic B, Upadhya R, Attaluri S, Shuai B, Shankar G, Shetty AK. A single intranasal dose of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles after traumatic brain injury eases neurogenesis decline, synapse loss, and BDNF-ERK-CREB signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1185883. [PMID: 37284464 PMCID: PMC10239975 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1185883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimal intranasal (IN) dose of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hMSC-EVs), 90 min post-traumatic brain injury (TBI), has been reported to prevent the evolution of acute neuroinflammation into chronic neuroinflammation resulting in the alleviation of long-term cognitive and mood impairments. Since hippocampal neurogenesis decline and synapse loss contribute to TBI-induced long-term cognitive and mood dysfunction, this study investigated whether hMSC-EV treatment after TBI can prevent hippocampal neurogenesis decline and synapse loss in the chronic phase of TBI. C57BL6 mice undergoing unilateral controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) received a single IN administration of different doses of EVs or the vehicle at 90 min post-TBI. Quantifying neurogenesis in the subgranular zone-granule cell layer (SGZ-GCL) through 5'-bromodeoxyuridine and neuron-specific nuclear antigen double labeling at ~2 months post-TBI revealed decreased neurogenesis in TBI mice receiving vehicle. However, in TBI mice receiving EVs (12.8 and 25.6 × 109 EVs), the extent of neurogenesis was matched to naive control levels. A similar trend of decreased neurogenesis was seen when doublecortin-positive newly generated neurons were quantified in the SGZ-GCL at ~3 months post-TBI. The above doses of EVs treatment after TBI also reduced the loss of pre-and post-synaptic marker proteins in the hippocampus and the somatosensory cortex. Moreover, at 48 h post-treatment, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and phosphorylated cyclic AMP response-element binding protein (p-CREB) levels were downregulated in TBI mice receiving the vehicle but were closer to naïve control levels in TBI mice receiving above doses of hMSC-EVs. Notably, improved BDNF concentration observed in TBI mice receiving hMSC-EVs in the acute phase was sustained in the chronic phase of TBI. Thus, a single IN dose of hMSC-EVs at 90 min post-TBI can ease TBI-induced declines in the BDNF-ERK-CREB signaling, hippocampal neurogenesis, and synapses.
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Schepetkin IA, Chernysheva GA, Aliev OI, Kirpotina LN, Smol’yakova VI, Osipenko AN, Plotnikov MB, Kovrizhina AR, Khlebnikov AI, Plotnikov EV, Quinn MT. Neuroprotective Effects of the Lithium Salt of a Novel JNK Inhibitor in an Animal Model of Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092119. [PMID: 36140222 PMCID: PMC9495587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) regulate many physiological processes, including inflammatory responses, morphogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and cell death. Therefore, JNKs represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. In an effort to develop improved JNK inhibitors, we synthesized the lithium salt of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11-one oxime (IQ-1L) and evaluated its affinity for JNK and biological activity in vitro and in vivo. According to density functional theory (DFT) modeling, the Li+ ion stabilizes the six-membered ring with the 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11-one (IQ-1) oximate better than Na+. Molecular docking showed that the Z isomer of the IQ-1 oximate should bind JNK1 and JNK3 better than (E)-IQ-1. Indeed, experimental analysis showed that IQ-1L exhibited higher JNK1-3 binding affinity in comparison with IQ-1S. IQ-1L also was a more effective inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB/activating protein 1 (NF-κB/AP-1) transcriptional activity in THP-1Blue monocytes and was a potent inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production by MonoMac-6 monocytic cells. In addition, IQ-1L inhibited LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation in MonoMac-6 cells, directly confirming JNK inhibition. In a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI), intraperitoneal injections of 12 mg/kg IQ-1L led to significant neuroprotective effects, decreasing total neurological deficit scores by 28, 29, and 32% at 4, 24, and 48 h after FCI, respectively, and reducing infarct size by 52% at 48 h after FCI. The therapeutic efficacy of 12 mg/kg IQ-1L was comparable to that observed with 25 mg/kg of IQ-1S, indicating that complexation with Li+ improved efficacy of this compound. We conclude that IQ-1L is more effective than IQ-1S in treating cerebral ischemia injury and thus represents a promising anti-inflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Galina A. Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg I. Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liliya N. Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Vera I. Smol’yakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anton N. Osipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovskiy tract, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mark B. Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
- Radiophysical Faculty, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Evgenii V. Plotnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-406-994-4707; Fax: +1-406-994-4303
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Almeida OP, Singulani MP, Ford AH, Hackett ML, Etherton-Beer C, Flicker L, Hankey GJ, De Paula VJR, Penteado CT, Forlenza OV. Lithium and Stroke Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Stroke Models in Rodents and Human Data. Stroke 2022; 53:2935-2944. [PMID: 35968702 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.039203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithium has neuroprotective effects in animal models of stroke, but benefits in humans remain uncertain. This article aims to systematically review the available evidence of the neuroprotective and regenerative effects of lithium in animal models of stroke, as well as in observational and trial stroke studies in humans. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO for preclinical and clinical studies published between January 2000 and September 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted from observational studies. RESULTS From 1625 retrieved studies, 42 were included in the systematic review. Of those, we identified 36 rodent models of stroke using preinsult or postinsult treatment with lithium, and 6 studies were conducted in human samples, of which 4 could be meta-analyzed. The review of animal models was stratified according to the type of stroke and outcomes. Human data were subdivided into observational and intervention studies. Treatment of rodents with lithium was associated with smaller stroke volumes, decreased apoptosis, and improved poststroke function. In humans, exposure to lithium was associated with a lower risk of stroke among adults with bipolar disorder in 2 of 4 studies. Two small trials showed equivocal clinical benefits of lithium poststroke. CONCLUSIONS Animal models of stroke show consistent biological and functional evidence of benefits associated with lithium treatment, whereas human evidence remains sparse and inconclusive. The potential role of lithium in poststroke recovery is yet to be adequately tested in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Monique P Singulani
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (M.P.S., V.J.R.D.P., C.T.P., O.V.F.)
| | - Andrew H Ford
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Maree L Hackett
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (M.L.H.)
| | - Christopher Etherton-Beer
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (O.P.A., A.H.F., C.E.B., L.F., G.J.H.)
| | - Vanessa J R De Paula
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (M.P.S., V.J.R.D.P., C.T.P., O.V.F.)
| | - Camila T Penteado
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (M.P.S., V.J.R.D.P., C.T.P., O.V.F.)
| | - Orestes V Forlenza
- Laboratory of Neuroscience LIM27, Department and Institute of Psychiatry HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (M.P.S., V.J.R.D.P., C.T.P., O.V.F.)
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6
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Kim JY, Park HH, Yong TS, Jeon SH. Lithium chloride inhibits the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by blocking nuclear translocation of phospho-Erk. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 581:74-80. [PMID: 34656851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lithium chloride (LiCl) is an important mood-stabilizing therapeutic agent for bipolar disorders, which has also been shown to inhibit cancer cell metastasis. Investigations of LiCl-induced signaling have focused mainly on extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). However, little is known about the differences in cellular activities resulting from specific signaling via each of these pathways. In this study, we investigated the difference in responses between the Wnt/β-catenin and ERK pathways by LiCl or epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment of osteosarcoma cells. In particular, we analyzed the mechanisms responsible for differences in cell mobility and cell proliferation when pERK or β-catenin is activated. In osteosarcoma cells treated with LiCl or EGF, active β-catenin and p-ERK protein levels were significantly increased compared to those in the control group. However, in wound healing and transwell invasion assays, U2OS and SaOS2 cell migration was significantly reduced by LiCl treatment but increased by EGF treatment. In addition, the proliferation of U2OS cells was reduced by LiCl treatment but increased by EGF treatment. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) with EGF treatment, but pERK was restricted to the perinuclear area with LiCl treatment. These results were confirmed using immunoblot assays after subcellular fractionation. Together, these data suggest that LiCl interferes with the translocation of pERK from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hun Hee Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Ansan University, Gyeonggi-do, 15328, South Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Soung-Hoo Jeon
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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7
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Lithium treatment and human hippocampal neurogenesis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:555. [PMID: 34718328 PMCID: PMC8557207 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, where it acts as a mood-stabilizing agent. Although its precise mechanism remains unclear, neuroimaging studies have shown that lithium accumulates in the hippocampus and that chronic use amongst bipolar disorder patients is associated with larger hippocampal volumes. Here, we tested the chronic effects of low (0.75 mM) and high (2.25 mM) doses of lithium on human hippocampal progenitor cells and used immunocytochemistry to investigate the effects of lithium on cell parameters implicated in neurogenesis. Corresponding RNA-sequencing and gene-set enrichment analyses were used to evaluate whether genes affected by lithium in our model overlap with those regulating the volume of specific layers of the dentate gyrus. We observed that high-dose lithium treatment in human hippocampal progenitors increased the generation of neuroblasts (P ≤ 0.01), neurons (P ≤ 0.01), and glia (P ≤ 0.001), alongside the expression of genes, which regulate the volume of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. This study provides empirical support that adult hippocampal neurogenesis and gliogenesis are mechanisms that could contribute to the effects of lithium on human hippocampal volume.
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8
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Cheng CY, Huang HC, Kao ST, Lee YC. Angelica sinensis extract promotes neuronal survival by enhancing p38 MAPK-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth in the chronic phase of transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114301. [PMID: 34090910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (ASD), commonly known as Dang Gui, is a popular Chinese herb that has long been used to treat ischemic stroke. However, the effects of ASD in chronic cerebral ischemia and its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the effects of the ASD extract on hippocampal neuronal survival at 28 d after transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI) and to investigate the precise mechanisms underlying the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related signaling pathway's involvement in hippocampal neurogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats underwent 25 min of four-vessel occlusion. The ASD extract was intragastrically administered at doses of 0.25 g/kg (ASD-0.25 g), 0.5 g/kg (ASD-0.5 g), 1 g/kg (ASD-1 g), 1 g/kg after dimethyl sulfoxide administration (D + ASD-1 g), or 1 g/kg after SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) administration (SB + ASD-1 g) at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 24 d after transient GCI. RESULTS ASD-0.5 g, ASD-1 g, and D + ASD-1 g treatments had the following effects: upregulation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki67 expression, and BrdU/neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and Ki67/nestin co-expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG); upregulation of microtubule-associated protein 2/NeuN co-expression, and NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α/GFAP co-expression in the hippocampal CA1 region; upregulation of phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in the hippocampus. SB + ASD-1 g treatment abrogated the effects of ASD-1 g on the expression of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS ASD-0.5 g and ASD-1 g treatments promotes neuronal survival by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. The effects of the ASD extract on astrocyte-associated hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth are caused by the activation of p38 MAPK-mediated CREB/BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF-A signaling pathways in the hippocampus at 28 d after transient GCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 42056, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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9
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Tai SH, Chao LC, Huang TY, Chang CC, Huang SY, Wu TS, Lee EJ. Short-term lithium treatment protects the brain against ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing the neuroplasticity of cortical neurons. Neurol Res 2021; 44:128-138. [PMID: 34396932 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1965427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lithium exerts a broad neuroprotective effect on the brain. This study examined whether lithium exerts therapeutic effects on stroke by restoring neural connections at the ischemic core of cortices post brain insult. METHODS We treated rats with lithium or vehicle (saline) every 24 h for the first 72 h, starting at the beginning of reperfusion after inducing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) recording and behavioral testing were employed to evaluate the beneficial effects of lithium treatment. To examine the effects of lithium-induced neuroplasticity, we evaluated the dendritic morphology in cortex pyramidal cells and the primary neuronal cell culture that underwent brain insults and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), respectively. RESULTS The results demonstrated that rats subjected to MCAO had prolonged N1 latency and a decreased N1/P1 amplitude at the ipsilateral cortex. Four doses of lithium reduced the brain infarction volume and enhanced the SSEP amplitude. The results of neurobehavioral tests demonstrated that lithium treatment improved sensory function, as demonstrated by improved 28-point clinical scale scores. In vitro study results showed that lithium treatment increased the dendritic lengths and branches of cultured neurons and reversed the suppressive effects of OGD. The in vivo study results indicated that lithium treatment increased cortical spine density in various layers and resulted in the development of the dendritic structure in the contralateral hemisphere. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that neuroplasticity in cortical neurons is crucial for lithium-induced brain function 50 recovery after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Tai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chun Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chao Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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10
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Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction is a condition that prevents normal fetal development, and previous studies have reported that intrauterine growth restriction is caused by adverse intrauterine factors. This condition affects both short- and long-term neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies have revealed that neurodevelopmental disorders can contribute to gray and white matter damage and decrease the brain volume of affected individuals. Further, these disorders are associated with increased risks of mental retardation, cognitive impairment, and cerebral palsy, which seriously affect the quality of life. Although the mechanisms underlying the neurologic injury associated with intrauterine growth restriction are not completely clear, studies have revealed that neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitatory toxicity, disruption of blood-brain barrier, and epigenetics may be involved in this process. This article reviews the manifestations and possible mechanisms underlying neurologic injury in intrauterine growth restriction and provides a theoretical basis for the effective prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kaiju Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingyang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Haupt M, Bähr M, Doeppner TR. Lithium beyond psychiatric indications: the reincarnation of a new old drug. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2383-2387. [PMID: 33907010 PMCID: PMC8374558 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been used in the treatment of bipolar disorders for decades, but the exact mechanisms of action remain elusive to this day. Recent evidence suggests that lithium is critically involved in a variety of signaling pathways affecting apoptosis, inflammation, and neurogenesis, all of which contributing to the complex pathophysiology of various neurological diseases. As a matter of fact, preclinical work reports both acute and long-term neuroprotection in distinct neurological disease models such as Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, and ischemic stroke. Lithium treatment reduces cell injury, decreases α-synuclein aggregation and Tau protein phosphorylation, modulates inflammation and even stimulates neuroregeneration under experimental conditions of Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. The therapeutic impact of lithium under conditions of ischemic stroke was also studied in numerous preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, giving rise to a randomized double-blind clinical stroke trial. The preclinic data revealed a lithium-induced upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as B-cell lymphoma 2, heat shock protein 70, and activated protein 1, resulting in decreased neuronal cell loss. Lithium, however, does not only yield postischemic neuroprotection but also enhances endogenous neuroregeneration by stimulating neural stem cell proliferation and by regulating distinct signaling pathways such as the RE1-silencing transcription factor. In line with this, lithium treatment has been shown to modulate postischemic cytokine secretion patterns, diminishing microglial activation and stabilizing blood-brain barrier integrity yielding reduced levels of neuroinflammation. The aforementioned observations culminated in a first clinical trial, which revealed an improved motor recovery in patients with cortical stroke after lithium treatment. Beside its well-known psychiatric indications, lithium is thus a promising neuroprotective candidate for the aforementioned neurological diseases. A detailed understanding of the lithium-induced mechanisms, however, is important for prospective clinical trials which may pave the way for a successful bench-to-bedside translation in the future. In this review, we will give an overview of lithium-induced neuroprotective mechanisms under various pathological conditions, with special emphasis on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Haupt
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Xiao Y, Fan M, Jin W, Li WA, Jia Y, Dong Y, Jiang X, Xu J, Meng N, Lv P. Lithium chloride ameliorated spatial cognitive impairment through activating mTOR phosphorylation and inhibiting excessive autophagy in the repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:109. [PMID: 32989388 PMCID: PMC7517419 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been previously demonstrated to alleviate cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injuries; however, the specific mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, the C57BL/6 mouse model of spatial cognitive impairment induced by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established. Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the levels of spatial cognitive impairment. Nissl staining was used to observe any morphological alterations, whilst western blotting was performed to measure the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin1 in addition to mTOR phosphorylation. LiCl was found to significantly improve spatial learning and memory impairments according to data from the Morris water maze test. Nissl staining indicated that LiCl inhibited neuronal damage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Additionally, LiCl increased mTOR phosphorylation, reduced beclin1 expression and reduced the LC3 II/I expression ratio. Taken together, these findings suggest that LiCl may alleviate the spatial cognitive impairment induced by repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. This observation may be attributed to the inhibition of excessive autophagy by LiCl through mTOR signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - William A Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yanqiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Nan Meng
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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13
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Zhou R, Zhao J, Li D, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Fan A, Chen XT, Wang HL. Combined exposure of lead and cadmium leads to the aggravated neurotoxicity through regulating the expression of histone deacetylase 2. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126589. [PMID: 32234630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are common heavy metals in the environment, exerting detrimental effects on central nervous system. Although increasing evidence demonstrated the Pb and Cd-induced neurotoxicity, the exact epigenetic mechanisms induced by combined exposure (co-exposure) of Pb and Cd are still unclear. In this study, the neurotoxicity of individual exposure and co-exposure to Pb and Cd in vivo (150 ppm and 5 ppm respectively) and in vitro (10 μM and 0.1 μM respectively) was investigated. The results showed that neurite outgrowth was inhibited by either individual or combined exposure to Pb/Cd, whereas the co-exposure aggravated the inhibitory effect in PC12 cells. The results of Morris Water Maze (MWM), Y maze and Golgi-Cox staining showed that either Pb or Cd alone exposure damaged the ability of learning and memory and decreased the dendritic spine density in both the hippocampal CA1 and DG area of Sprague---Dawley (SD) rats, and that the co-exposure aggravated the damages. Subsequently, histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 was significantly increased in both hippocampal tissues and PC12 cells co-exposed to Pb and Cd, and the treatment of trichostatin A (TSA) and HDAC2-knocking down construct (shHDAC2) could markedly prevent neurite outgrowth impairment in PC12 cells. In summary, HDAC2 plays essential regulatory roles in neurotoxicity induced by the co-exposure to Pb and Cd, providing a potential molecular target for neurological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Yanyan Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Anni Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xiang-Tao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
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14
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Fan X, Zhao Z, Wang D, Xiao J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 as a key regulator of cognitive function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:219-230. [PMID: 32147679 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved and multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. GSK-3 is originally thought to be an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis. It was subsequently found that GSK-3 influences many critical cellular functions, such as cell structure, neural plasticity, gene expression, and neuronal survival. Recently, GSK-3 has been found to be associated with cognition, and its dysregulation leads to cognitive impairments in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, depression, Parkinson's disease, and others. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the structure of GSK-3, the regulation of GSK-3 activity, and its role in cognitive function and cognitive-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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15
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Li M, Xia M, Chen W, Wang J, Yin Y, Guo C, Li C, Tang X, Zhao H, Tan Q, Chen Y, Jia Z, Liu X, Feng H. Lithium treatment mitigates white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage through brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in mice. Transl Res 2020; 217:61-74. [PMID: 31951826 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality, occurs mainly in the basal ganglia and causes white matter injury (WMI), resulting in severe motor dysfunction and poor prognosis in patients. The preservation of the white matter around the hematoma is crucial for motor function recovery, but there is currently no effective treatment for WMI following ICH. Lithium has been widely used for the treatment of bipolar disorder for decades. Although the protective effects of lithium on neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral trauma have been studied in recent years, whether it can be used to alleviate WMI after ICH remains to be researched. The results of this study revealed that ICH caused significant functional and pathological abnormalities in mice. After LiCl was administered to mice with ICH, behavioural performance and electrophysiological functions were improved and ICH-induced white matter pathological injury, including myelin sheath and axonal degeneration, was ameliorated. Furthermore, LiCl treatment decreased the death of mature oligodendrocytes (OLGs) in ICH mice, which may have been attributed to the enhanced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulated by the LiCl-induced inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). The decreased death of OLGs was closely associated with decreased destruction of the myelin sheath and alleviated degradation of the axons. In summary, this study suggests that the protective effect of lithium on WMI after ICH might be related to an increased level of BDNF and that LiCl treatment may be a potential therapeutic method to palliate WMI after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Weixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Central, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhengcai Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China.
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16
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Lee SS, Kim CJ, Shin MS, Lim BV. Treadmill exercise ameliorates memory impairment through ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia gerbils. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:49-57. [PMID: 32161734 PMCID: PMC7056476 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040014.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death in the hippocampus by cerebral ischemia causes disability of memory function. Cerebral ischemia also alters the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element binding protein (CREB), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt). In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on cerebral ischemia in relation with ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus using gerbils. Induction of cerebral ischemia deteriorated short-term memory with suppression of phosphorylation of ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF pathway in the hippocampus of gerbils. Enhancement of apoptosis in the hippocampus was accompanied in the ischemia gerbils. Treadmill exercise improved short-term memory through enhancing phosphorylation of ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF pathway with suppressing apoptosis in the hip-pocampus of the ischemia gerbils. The present results suggest that improvement of memory function after cerebral ischemia by treadmill exercise may be involved in the ERK-Akt-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway, resulting in inhibition of apoptosis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Shin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Baek-Vin Lim
- Division of Leisure & Sports Science, Department of Exercise Prescription, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
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17
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Yousef M, Kavraal Ş, Artış AS, Süer C. Effects of Chronic and Acute Lithium Treatment on the Long-term Potentiation and Spatial Memory in Adult Rats. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:233-243. [PMID: 30905123 PMCID: PMC6478079 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Although, accumulating evidence is delineating a neuroprotective and neurotrophic role for lithium (Li), inconsistent findings have also been reported in human studies especially. Moreover, the effects of Li infusion into the hippocampus are still unknown. The aims of this work were (a) to assess whether basal synaptic activity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus are different in regard to intrahippocampal Li infusion; (b) to assess spatial learning and memory in rats chronically treated with LiCO3 in the Morris water maze. Methods Field potentials were recorded form the dentate gyrus, stimulating perforant pathways, in rats chronically (20 mg/kg for 40 days) or acutely treated with LiCO3 and their corresponding control rats. In addition, performance of rats in a Morris water maze was measured to link behaviour of rats to electrophysiological findings. Results LiCO3 infusion into the hippocampus resulted in enhanced LTP, especially in the late phases, but attenuated LTP was observed in rats chronically treated with Li as compared to controls. Li-treated rats equally performed a spatial learning task, but did spend less time in target quadrant than saline-treated rats in Morris water maze. Conclusion Despite most data suggest that Li always yields neuroprotective effects against neuropathological conditions; we concluded that a 40-day treatment of Li disrupts hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying memory processes, and that these effects of prolonged treatment are not associated with its direct chemical effect, but are likely to be associated with the molecular actions of Li at genetic levels, because its short-term effect preserves synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Yousef
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University
| | | | - Ayşe Seda Artış
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University
| | - Cem Süer
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University
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18
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Valvassori SS, Gava FF, Dal-Pont GC, Simões HL, Damiani-Neves M, Andersen ML, Boeck CR, Quevedo J. Effects of lithium and valproate on ERK/JNK signaling pathway in an animal model of mania induced by amphetamine. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01541. [PMID: 31193305 PMCID: PMC6525279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder, characterized by recurrent mood episodes of depression and mania. Some studies have indicated that there are ERK and JNK pathways alterations in the brain from bipolar patients. The animal model of mania induced by dextroamphetamine (d-AMPH) has been considered an excellent model to study intracellular alterations related to BD. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of lithium (Li) and valproate (VPA) on the behavioral and ERK1/2/JNK1/2 signaling pathway in an animal model of mania induced by d-AMPH. Wistar rats were first given d-AMPH or saline (Sal) for 14 days, and then, between the 8th and 14th days, the rats were treated with Li, VPA, or Sal. The open-field test was used to evaluate the locomotion and exploration behaviors of rats. The levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 were assessed in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the rats. Li and VPA reversed the increased of locomotion and exploration induced by d-AMPH. The treatment with VPA or AMPH per se decreased the levels of pERK1 in the hippocampus. The treatment with VPA in the animals submitted to the administration of d-AMPH decreased the levels of ERK1, JNK-1, and JNK-2 phosphorylated in the hippocampus of the animals. The treatment with Li decreased the JNK-1 phosphorylated in the hippocampus of the animals submitted to the animal model of mania induced by d-AMPH. Although the association of VPA plus amphetamine alters some proteins involved in the JNK pathway in the hippocampus, these alterations were very random and seemed that were not related to the d-AMPH-induced manic-like behavior. These results suggest that the manic-like effects induced by d-AMPH and the antimanic effects of mood stabilizers, Li and VPA, are not related to the alteration on ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Henio Leonardo Simões
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcela Damiani-Neves
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Master's Degree in Health and Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Abdanipour A, Moradi F, Fakheri F, Ghorbanlou M, Nejatbakhsh R. The effect of lithium chloride on BDNF, NT3, and their receptor mRNA levels in the spinal contusion rat models. Neurol Res 2019; 41:577-583. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1588507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abdanipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fakheri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ghorbanlou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
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20
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Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition as a potential pharmacological target for vascular dementia: In silico and in vivo evidence. Comput Biol Med 2019; 108:305-316. [PMID: 31022582 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia is a serious problem as it creates significant disability and dependency in the affected person. Lives of these patients can be improved through the advent of novel drug targets which can be targeted by pharmacological therapies. However, finding a precise and druggable target for vascular dementia is experimentally impossible and challenging task owing to a complex and mostly unknown interplay between the cognitive abilities of the brain with a diversity of vascular diseases. To address this issue, we have systematically analyzed the literature reports by using well-known methods and approaches of bioinformatics (viz. network pharmacology, reverse pharmacology, enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways, biological processes of Gene Ontology and DIAMOnD algorithm). Because glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) seems to be one of the most promising targets, therefore, we have tested the capacity of lithium carbonate, a classical inhibitor of GSK-3, for treatment of dementia resulting from mild chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in mice. To this end, our study shows in-vivo validation of predicted target, i.e., pharmacological deactivation of GSK-3 enzyme and its impact on cognitive abilities employing a behavioral test battery, i.e., object recognition task, step-through passive avoidance task, elevated plus maze task and water maze task. In this framework, we observed that lithium carbonate attenuates recognition, emotion, spatial and fear-motivated learning and memory impairments along with attenuation of oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In conclusion, we propose GSK-3 as a promising drug target for vascular dementia in light of experimental results and in-silico predictions.
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21
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Bai L, Chang HM, Cheng JC, Chu G, Leung PCK, Yang G. Lithium chloride inhibits StAR and progesterone production through GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in human granulosa-lutein cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:89-99. [PMID: 28867214 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a widely-used medication to treat neurological disorders that has undesirable side effects on the female reproductive system. It has been show that LiCl can inhibit ovarian folliculogenesis, promote follicle atresia and suppress steroid hormone production in rodents. However, the effects of LiCl on human ovarian steroidogenesis remain completely unknown. In this study, both primary and immortalized human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells were used to investigate the effects of LiCl on progesterone production and its related enzyme expression as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that LiCl significantly down-regulated the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression and subsequent progesterone production in hGL cells. Additionally, LiCl induced the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and ERK1/2 but not AKT or CREB. Knockdown of endogenous GSK-3β or inhibition of ERK1/2 partially reversed LiCl-induced down-regulation of StAR. Furthermore, by using dual inhibition approaches, the results showed that both GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling mediated the regulatory effect of LiCl on StAR expression. Our findings deepen our understanding of the pathological effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how lithium might affect the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Guiyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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22
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Parikh P, Juul SE. Neuroprotective Strategies in Neonatal Brain Injury. J Pediatr 2018; 192:22-32. [PMID: 29031859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sandra E Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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23
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Arabian M, Aboutaleb N, Soleimani M, Ajami M, Habibey R, Rezaei Y, Pazoki-Toroudi H. Preconditioning with morphine protects hippocampal CA1 neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of the mTOR pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:80-87. [PMID: 28881154 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The signaling pathway of chronic morphine treatment to prevent neuronal damage following transient cerebral ischemia is not clear. In this study, we examined the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to identify the neuroprotective effects of chronic morphine preconditioning on the hippocampus following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Morphine was administered for 5 days, twice a day, before inducing I/R injury. The possible role of mTOR was evaluated by the injection of rapamycin (5 mg/kg body weight, by intraperitoneal injection) before I/R was induced. The passive avoidance test was used to evaluate memory performance. Neuronal density and apoptosis were measured in the CA1 region, 72 h after I/R injury. The expressions of mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined 24 h after I/R injury. Chronic morphine treatment attenuated apoptosis and neuronal loss in the hippocampus after I/R injury, which led to improvement in memory (P < 0.05 vs. untreated I/R) and increase in the expression of p-mTOR (P < 0.05 vs. untreated I/R) and SOD activity (P < 0.05 vs. untreated I/R) in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with rapamycin abolished all the above-mentioned protective effects. These results describe novel findings whereby chronic morphine preconditioning in hippocampal CA1 neurons is mediated by the mTOR pathway, and through increased phosphorylation of mTOR can alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis, and eventually protect the hippocampus from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Arabian
- a Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- b Physiology Research Center, Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- c Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ajami
- d Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Habibey
- e Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies-Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Yousef Rezaei
- f Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- b Physiology Research Center, Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Clinical-grade human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells reverse cognitive aging via improving synaptic plasticity and endogenous neurogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2996. [PMID: 28796260 PMCID: PMC5596535 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive aging is a leading public health concern with the increasing aging population, but there is still lack of specific interventions directed against it. Recent studies have shown that cognitive function is intimately affected by systemic milieu in aging brain, and improvement of systemic environment in aging brain may be a promising approach for rejuvenating cognitive aging. Here, we sought to study the intervention effects of clinical-grade human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on cognitive aging in a murine model of aging. The conventional aging model in mice induced by d-galactose (d-gal) was employed here. Mice received once every two weeks intraperitoneal administration of hUC-MSCs. After 3 months of systematical regulation of hUC-MSCs, the hippocampal-dependent learning and memory ability was effectively improved in aged mice, and the synaptic plasticity was remarkably enhanced in CA1 area of the aged hippocampus; moreover, the neurobiological substrates that could impact on the function of hippocampal circuits were recovered in the aged hippocampus reflecting in: dendritic spine density enhanced, neural sheath and cytoskeleton restored, and postsynaptic density area increased. In addition, the activation of the endogenic neurogenesis which is beneficial to stabilize the neural network in hippocampus was observed after hUC-MSCs transplantation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that beneficial effects of systematical regulation of hUC-MSCs could be mediated by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-ERK-CREB signaling pathway in the aged hippocampus. Our study provides the first evidence that hUC-MSCs, which have the capacity of systematically regulating the aging brain, may be a potential intervention for cognitive aging.
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25
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Doeppner TR, Kaltwasser B, Sanchez-Mendoza EH, Caglayan AB, Bähr M, Hermann DM. Lithium-induced neuroprotection in stroke involves increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance and decreased protein deubiquitination by GSK3β inhibition-independent pathways. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:914-926. [PMID: 27126323 PMCID: PMC5363471 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16647738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium promotes acute poststroke neuronal survival, which includes mechanisms that are not limited to GSK3β inhibition. However, whether lithium induces long-term neuroprotection and enhanced brain remodeling is unclear. Therefore, mice were exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and lithium (1 mg/kg bolus followed by 2 mg/kg/day over up to 7 days) was intraperitoneally administered starting 0-9 h after reperfusion onset. Delivery of lithium no later than 6 h reduced infarct volume on day 2 and decreased brain edema, leukocyte infiltration, and microglial activation, as shown by histochemistry and flow cytometry. Lithium-induced neuroprotection persisted throughout the observation period of 56 days and was associated with enhanced neurological recovery. Poststroke angioneurogenesis and axonal plasticity were also enhanced by lithium. On the molecular level, lithium increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance, and decreased protein deubiquitination in cultivated cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and in brains of mice exposed to cerebral ischemia. Notably, this effect was not mimicked by pharmacological GSK3β inhibition. This study for the first time provides efficacy data for lithium in the postacute ischemic phase, reporting a novel mechanism of action, i.e. increased miR-124 expression facilitating REST degradation by which lithium promotes postischemic neuroplasticity and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,2 Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- 2 Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias Bähr
- 3 Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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26
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Mury FB, da Silva WC, Barbosa NR, Mendes CT, Bonini JS, Sarkis JES, Cammarota M, Izquierdo I, Gattaz WF, Dias-Neto E. Lithium activates brain phospholipase A2 and improves memory in rats: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:607-18. [PMID: 26661385 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (Pla2) is required for memory retrieval, and its inhibition in the hippocampus has been reported to impair memory acquisition in rats. Moreover, cognitive decline and memory deficits showed to be reduced in animal models after lithium treatment, prompting us to evaluate possible links between Pla2, lithium and memory. Here, we evaluated the possible modulation of Pla2 activity by a long-term treatment of rats with low doses of lithium and its impact in memory. Wistar rats were trained for the inhibitory avoidance task, treated with lithium for 100 days and tested for perdurability of long-term memory. Hippocampal samples were used for quantifying the expression of 19 brain-expressed Pla2 genes and for evaluating the enzymatic activity of Pla2 using group-specific radio-enzymatic assays. Our data pointed to a significant perdurability of long-term memory, which correlated with increased transcriptional and enzymatic activities of certain members of the Pla2 family (iPla2 and sPla2) after the chronic lithium treatment. Our data suggest new possible targets of lithium, add more information on its pharmacological activity and reinforce the possible use of low doses of lithium for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as the Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio B Mury
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Weber C da Silva
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Nádia R Barbosa
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila T Mendes
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Bonini
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Jorge Eduardo Souza Sarkis
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-IPEN-CNEN/SP, Grupo de Caracterização Química e Isotópica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Cammarota
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Memória, Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ivan Izquierdo
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wagner F Gattaz
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, 05403-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Genômica Médica, Centro Internacional de Pesquisas, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Parsaei L, Torkaman-Boutorabi A, Asadi F, Zarrindast MR. Interaction between dorsal hippocampal NMDA receptors and lithium on spatial learning consolidation in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Yi JH, Cho SY, Jeon SJ, Jung JW, Park MS, Kim DH, Ryu JH. Early immature neuronal death is partially involved in memory impairment induced by cerebral ischemia. Behav Brain Res 2016; 308:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Han H, Wu LM, Han MX, Yang WM, Wang YX, Fang ZH. Diabetes impairs spatial learning and memory and hippocampal neurogenesis via BDNF in rats with transient global ischemia. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Drew KL, Wells M, McGee R, Ross AP, Kelleher-Andersson J. Arctic ground squirrel neuronal progenitor cells resist oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced death. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:168-177. [PMID: 26981205 PMCID: PMC4768121 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the influence of ischemia/reperfusion on arctic ground squirrel (AGS) neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), we subjected these cultured cells to oxygen and glucose deprivation.
METHODS: AGS NPCs were expanded and differentiated into NPCs and as an ischemia vulnerable control, commercially available human NPCs (hNPCs) were seeded from thawed NPCs. NPCs, identified by expression of TUJ1 were seen at 14-21 d in vitro (DIV). Cultures were exposed to control conditions, hypoxia, oxygen and glucose deprivation or glucose deprivation alone or following return to normal conditions to model reperfusion. Cell viability and death were assessed from loss of ATP as well as from measures of alamarBlue® and lactate dehydrogenase in the media and from counts of TUJ1 positive cells using immunocytochemistry. Dividing cells were identified by expression of Ki67 and phenotyped by double labeling with GFAP, MAP2ab or TUJ1.
RESULTS: We report that when cultured in NeuraLife™, AGS cells remain viable out to 21 DIV, continue to express TUJ1 and begin to express MAP2ab. Viability of hNPCs assessed by fluorescence alamarBlue (arbitrary units) depends on both glucose and oxygen availability [viability of hNPCs after 24 h oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) with return of oxygen and glucose decreased from 48151 ± 4551 in control cultures to 43481 ± 2413 after OGD, P < 0.05]. By contrast, when AGS NPCs are exposed to the same OGD with reperfusion at 14 DIV, cell viability assessed by alamarBlue increased from 165305 ± 11719 in control cultures to 196054 ± 13977 after OGD. Likewise AGS NPCs recovered ATP (92766 ± 6089 in control and 92907 ± 4290 after modeled reperfusion; arbitrary luminescence units), and doubled in the ratio of TUJ1 expressing neurons to total dividing cells (0.11 ± 0.04 in control cultures vs 0.22 ± 0.2 after modeled reperfusion, P < 0.05). Maintaining AGS NPCs for a longer time in culture lowered resistance to injury, however, did not impair proliferation of NPCs relative to other cell lineages after oxygen deprivation followed by re-oxygenation.
CONCLUSION: Ischemic-like insults decrease viability and increase cell death in cultures of human NPCs. Similar conditions have less affect on cell death and promote proliferation in AGS NPCs.
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Cosgrove VE, Kelsoe JR, Suppes T. Toward a Valid Animal Model of Bipolar Disorder: How the Research Domain Criteria Help Bridge the Clinical-Basic Science Divide. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:62-70. [PMID: 26531027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a diagnostically heterogeneous disorder, although mania emerges as a distinct phenotype characterized by elevated mood and increased activity or energy. While bipolar disorder's cyclicity is difficult to represent in animals, models of mania have begun to decode its fundamental underlying neurobiology. When psychostimulants such as amphetamine or cocaine are administered to rodents, a resulting upsurge of motor activity is thought to share face and predictive validity with mania in humans. Studying black Swiss mice, which inherently exhibit proclivity for reward seeking and risk taking, also has yielded some insight. Further, translating the biology of bipolar disorder in humans into animal models has led to greater understanding of roles for candidate biological systems such as the GRIK2 and CLOCK genes, as well as the extracellular signal-related kinase pathway involved in the pathophysiology of the illness. The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria initiative seeks to identify building blocks of complex illnesses like bipolar disorder in hopes of uncovering the neurobiology of each, as well as how each fits together to produce syndromes like bipolar disorder or why so many mental illnesses co-occur together. Research Domain Criteria-driven preclinical models of isolated behaviors and domains involved in mania and bipolar disorder will ultimately inform movement toward nosology supported by neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto.
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Trisha Suppes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
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Dell'Osso L, Del Grande C, Gesi C, Carmassi C, Musetti L. A new look at an old drug: neuroprotective effects and therapeutic potentials of lithium salts. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:1687-703. [PMID: 27468233 PMCID: PMC4946830 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights bipolar disorder as being associated with impaired neurogenesis, cellular plasticity, and resiliency, as well as with cell atrophy or loss in specific brain regions. This has led most recent research to focus on the possible neuroprotective effects of medications, and particularly interesting findings have emerged for lithium. A growing body of evidence from preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies has in fact documented its neuroprotective effects from different insults acting on cellular signaling pathways, both preventing apoptosis and increasing neurotrophins and cell-survival molecules. Furthermore, positive effects of lithium on neurogenesis, brain remodeling, angiogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells functioning, and inflammation have been revealed, with a key role played through the inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase-3, a serine/threonine kinase implicated in the pathogenesis of many neuropsychiatric disorders. These recent evidences suggest the potential utility of lithium in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and hypoxic-ischemic/traumatic brain injury, with positive results at even lower lithium doses than those traditionally considered to be antimanic. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize the potential benefits of lithium salts on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, emphasizing preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting new therapeutic potentials of this drug beyond its mood stabilizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Grande
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Gesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Musetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Nunes MA, Schöwe NM, Monteiro-Silva KC, Baraldi-Tornisielo T, Souza SIG, Balthazar J, Albuquerque MS, Caetano AL, Viel TA, Buck HS. Chronic Microdose Lithium Treatment Prevented Memory Loss and Neurohistopathological Changes in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142267. [PMID: 26605788 PMCID: PMC4659557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lithium is well established in bipolar disorders and the benefits are being demonstrated in neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, our group showed that treatment with microdose lithium stabilized the cognitive deficits observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In order to verify the lithium microdose potential in preventing the disease development, the aim of this work was to verify the effects of chronic treatment with microdose lithium given before and after the appearance of symptoms in a mouse model of a disease similar to AD. Transgenic mice (Cg-Tg(PDGFB-APPSwInd)20Lms/2J) and their non-transgenic litter mate genetic controls were treated with lithium carbonate (0.25mg/Kg/day in drinking water) for 16 or 8 months starting at two and ten months of age, respectively [corrected]. Similar groups were treated with water. At the end of treatments, both lithium treated transgenic groups and non-transgenic mice showed no memory disruption, different from what was observed in the water treated transgenic group. Transgenic mice treated with lithium since two months of age showed decreased number of senile plaques, no neuronal loss in cortex and hippocampus and increased BDNF density in cortex, when compared to non-treated transgenic mice. It is suitable to conclude that these data support the use of microdose lithium in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, once the neurohistopathological characteristics of the disease were modified and the memory of transgenic animals was maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielza Andrade Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61, 11° andar, São Paulo, SP 01221–020, Brazil
- Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging—ReGNA, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mendes Schöwe
- Graduation Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508–900 São Paulo, Brazil
- Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging—ReGNA, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Cristina Monteiro-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61, 11° andar, São Paulo, SP 01221–020, Brazil
| | - Ticiana Baraldi-Tornisielo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61, 11° andar, São Paulo, SP 01221–020, Brazil
- Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging—ReGNA, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzzanna Ingryd Gonçalves Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61, 11° andar, São Paulo, SP 01221–020, Brazil
| | - Janaina Balthazar
- Graduation Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508–900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Silva Albuquerque
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61, 11° andar, São Paulo, SP 01221–020, Brazil
- Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging—ReGNA, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariadiny Lima Caetano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61, 11° andar, São Paulo, SP 01221–020, Brazil
- Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging—ReGNA, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Araujo Viel
- Graduation Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508–900 São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, São Paulo, SP 03828–080, Brazil
- Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging—ReGNA, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hudson Sousa Buck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61, 11° andar, São Paulo, SP 01221–020, Brazil
- Research Group on Neuropharmacology of Aging—ReGNA, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Jiang P, Zhu T, Xia Z, Gao F, Gu W, Chen X, Yuan T, Yu H. Inhibition of MAPK/ERK signaling blocks hippocampal neurogenesis and impairs cognitive performance in prenatally infected neonatal rats. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:497-509. [PMID: 25721317 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampus endogenous neurogenesis has been postulated to play a favorable role in brain restoration after injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have been insufficiently deciphered. Here we investigated the potential regulatory capacity of MAPK/ERK signaling on neurogenesis and the associated cognitive performance in prenatally infected neonatal rats. From our data, intrauterine infection could induce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and promote endogenous repair by evoking neural stem cell proliferation and survival. We also found intrauterine infection could induce increased levels of p-ERK, p-CREB and BDNF, which might be responsible for the potential endogenous rescue system. Furthermore, inhibition of MAPK/ERK signaling could aggravate hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, decrease neurogenesis, and impair the offspring's cognitive performances and could also down-regulate the levels of p-ERK, p-CREB and BDNF. Our data strongly suggest that the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling may play a significant role in promoting survival of newly generated neural stem cells via an anti-apoptotic mechanism, which may be particularly important in endogenous neuroprotection associated with cognitive performance development in prenatally infected rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Fan M, Jin W, Zhao H, Xiao Y, Jia Y, Yin Y, Jiang X, Xu J, Meng N, Lv P. Lithium chloride administration prevents spatial learning and memory impairment in repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice by depressing apoptosis and increasing BDNF expression in hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:399-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lithium chloride antileukemic activity in acute promyelocytic leukemia is GSK-3 and MEK/ERK dependent. Leukemia 2015; 29:2277-84. [PMID: 26108692 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified that the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway synergized with retinoic acid (RA) to restore both transcriptional activity and RA-induced differentiation in RA-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. To target the MEK/ERK pathway, we identified glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitors including lithium chloride (LiCl) as activators of this pathway in APL cells. Using NB4 (RA-sensitive) and UF-1 (RA-resistant) APL cell lines, we observed that LiCl as well as synthetic GSK-3β inhibitors decreased proliferation, induced apoptosis and restored, in RA-resistant cells, the expression of RA target genes and the RA-induced differentiation. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway abolished these effects. These results were corroborated in primary APL patient cells and translated in vivo using an APL preclinical mouse model in which LiCl given alone was as efficient as RA in increasing survival of leukemic mice compared with untreated mice. When LiCl was combined with RA, we observed a significant survival advantage compared with mice treated by RA alone. In this work, we demonstrate that LiCl, a well-tolerated agent in humans, has antileukemic activity in APL and that it has the potential to restore RA-induced transcriptional activation and differentiation in RA-resistant APL cells in an MEK/ERK-dependent manner.
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Ginsenoside Rd promotes neurogenesis in rat brain after transient focal cerebral ischemia via activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:421-8. [PMID: 25832422 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rd (Rd) on neurogenesis in rat brain after ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS Male SD rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. The rats were injected with Rd (1, 2.5, and 5 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) from d 1 to d 3 after MCAO, and with BrdU (50 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip) from d 3 to d 6, then sacrificed on 7 d. The infarct size and neurological scores were assessed. Neurogenesis in the brains was detected by BrdU, DCX, Nestin, and GFAP immunohistochemistry staining. PC12 cells subjected to OGD/reperfusion were used as an in vitro model of brain ischemia. VEGF and BDNF levels were assessed with ELISA, and Akt and ERK phosphorylation was measured using Western blotting. RESULTS Rd administration dose-dependently decreased the infarct size and neurological scores in the rats with IRI. The high dose of Rd 5 (mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) significantly increased Akt phosphorylation in ipsilateral hemisphere, and markedly increased the number of BrdU/DCX and Nestin/GFAP double-positive cells in ischemic area, which was partially blocked by co-administration of the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002. Treatment with Rd (25, 50, and 100 μmol/L) during reperfusion significantly increased the expression of VEGF and BDNF in PC12 cells with IRI. Furthermore, treatment with Rd dose-dependently increased the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, and significantly decreased PC12 cell apoptosis, which were blocked by co-application of LY294002. CONCLUSION Rd not only attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat brain, but also promotes neurogenesis via increasing VEGF and BDNF expression and activating the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways.
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Ekthuwapranee K, Sotthibundhu A, Tocharus C, Govitrapong P. Melatonin ameliorates dexamethasone-induced inhibitory effects on the proliferation of cultured progenitor cells obtained from adult rat hippocampus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:38-48. [PMID: 25305353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, hormones that are released in response to stress, induce neuronal cell damage. The hippocampus is a primary target of glucocorticoids in the brain, the effects of which include the suppression of cell proliferation and diminished neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Our previous study found that melatonin, synthesized primarily in the pineal, pretreatment prevented the negative effects of dexamethasone, the glucocorticoid receptor agonist, on behavior and neurogenesis in rat hippocampus. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the interrelationship between melatonin and dexamethasone on the underlying mechanism of neural stem cell proliferation. Addition of dexamethasone to hippocampal progenitor cells from eight-week old rats resulted in a decrease in the number of neurospheres; pretreatment with melatonin precluded these effects. The immunocytochemical analyses indicated a reduction of Ki67 and nestin-positive cells in the dexamethasone-treated group, which was minimized by melatonin pretreatment. A reduction of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and G1-S phase cell cycle regulators cyclin E and CDK2 in dexamethasone-treated progenitor cells were prevented by pretreatment of melatonin. Moreover, luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist blocked the positive effect of melatonin whereas RU48, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist blocked the negative effect of dexamethasone on the number of neurospheres. Moreover, we also found that dexamethasone increased the glucocorticoid receptor protein but decreased the level of MT1 melatonin receptor, whereas melatonin increased the level of MT1 melatonin receptor but decreased the glucocorticoid receptor protein. These suggest the crosstalk and cross regulation between the melatonin receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor on hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasima Ekthuwapranee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | | | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand.
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Qu N, Zhou XY, Han L, Wang L, Xu JX, Zhang T, Chu J, Chen Q, Wang JZ, Zhang Q, Tian Q. Combination of PPT with LiCl Treatment Prevented Bilateral Ovariectomy-Induced Hippocampal-Dependent Cognition Deficit in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:894-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Karelina K, Liu Y, Alzate-Correa D, Wheaton KL, Hoyt KR, Arthur JSC, Obrietan K. Mitogen and stress-activated kinases 1/2 regulate ischemia-induced hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Neuroscience 2014; 285:292-302. [PMID: 25451279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiological conditions such as cerebral ischemia trigger the production of new neurons from the neurogenic niche within the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus. The functional significance of ischemia-induced neurogenesis is believed to be the regeneration of lost cells, thus contributing to post-ischemia recovery. However, the cell signaling mechanisms by which this process is regulated are still under investigation. Here, we investigated the role of mitogen and stress-activated protein kinases (MSK1/2) in the regulation of progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia. Using the endothelin-1 model of ischemia, wild-type (WT) and MSK1(-/-)/MSK2(-/-) (MSK dKO) mice were injected with BrdU and sacrificed 2 days, 4 weeks, or 6 weeks later for the analysis of progenitor cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and neuronal morphology, respectively. We report a decrease in SGZ progenitor cell proliferation in MSK dKO mice compared to WT mice. Moreover, MSK dKO mice exhibited reduced neurogenesis and a delayed maturation of ischemia-induced newborn neurons. Further, structural analysis of neuronal arborization revealed reduced branching complexity in MSK dKO compared to WT mice. Taken together, this dataset suggests that MSK1/2 plays a significant role in the regulation of ischemia-induced progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Ultimately, revealing the cell signaling mechanisms that promote neuronal recovery will lead to novel pharmacological approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - D Alzate-Correa
- Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K L Wheaton
- Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K R Hoyt
- Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J S C Arthur
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - K Obrietan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Lei S, Zhang P, Li W, Gao M, He X, Zheng J, Li X, Wang X, Wang N, Zhang J, Qi C, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y. Pre- and posttreatment with edaravone protects CA1 hippocampus and enhances neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. ASN Neuro 2014; 6:6/6/1759091414558417. [PMID: 25388889 PMCID: PMC4357607 DOI: 10.1177/1759091414558417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Edaravone is clinically used for treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction. However, the effect of double application of edaravone on neurogenesis in the hippocampus following ischemia remains unknown. In the present study, we explored whether pre- and posttreatment of edaravone had any effect on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the subgranular zone of hippocampus in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia and elucidated the potential mechanism of its effects. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated (n = 15), control (n = 15), and edaravone-treated (n = 15) groups. Newly generated cells were labeled by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect neurogenesis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling was used to detect cell apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by 2,7-dichlorofluorescien diacetate assay in NSPCs in vitro. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were quantified by western blot analysis. Treatment with edaravone significantly increased the number of NSPCs and newly generated neurons in the subgranular zone (p < .05). Treatment with edaravone also decreased apoptosis of NSPCs (p < .01). Furthermore, treatment with edaravone significantly decreased ROS generation and inhibited HIF-1α and cleaved caspase-3 protein expressions. These findings indicate that pre- and posttreatment with edaravone enhances neurogenesis by protecting NSPCs from apoptosis in the hippocampus, which is probably mediated by decreasing ROS generation and inhibiting protein expressions of HIF-1α and cleaved caspase-3 after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cunfang Qi
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Hull M, Lee E, Lee T, Anand N, LaLone V, Parameswaran N. Lithium chloride induces TNFα in mouse macrophages via MEK-ERK-dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:71-80. [PMID: 23904208 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is one of the currently prescribed drugs for bipolar disorders (BPDs) and has many neuro-regulatory and immune-modulating properties. Because many neuro-pathological diseases including BPDs have been associated with some level of inflammation, Li's effect on inflammation may have some crucial consequences. Even though Li has been shown to have pro- and anti-inflammatory activities in different cell models, mechanisms involved in these effects are not well understood. Moreover, Li's effect on inflammation in the presence of activators of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR-2 (that activates MyD88-dependent pathway) and TLR-3 (that activates TRIF-dependent pathway) is not known. Here we tested the role of Li in the presence and absence of TLR2, and TLR3 on MAPK and NFκB pathways and the consequent production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in Raw264.7 macrophages. Our results indicate that Li enhances TNFα production both in the absence and presence of TLR stimulation. Interestingly, Li differentially modulates MAPK and NFκB pathways in the absence and presence of TLR2/3 ligands. Our results further indicate that the effect of Li on TNFα occurs at the post-transcriptional level. Together, these studies demonstrate that Li induces TNFα production in macrophages and that it modulates signaling at different levels depending on the presence or absence of TLR2/3 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hull
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Taehyung Lee
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nandita Anand
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Vernon LaLone
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Trimethyltin can induce cell death in the entorhinal cortex of rat brain: a histological architecture and neuronal density evaluation of the neuroprotective role of lithium chloride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Honarmand AR, Pourtabatabaei N, Rahimi N, Dehpour AR, Javadi-Paydar M. Suppression of memory acquisition following co-administration of lithium and atorvastatin through nitric oxide pathway in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:203-11. [PMID: 24708995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of lithium and atorvastatin on cognitive performance and the role of NO as a potential mechanism involved in this interaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Memory performance was evaluated in a two-trial recognition Y-maze test and a step-through passive avoidance task in mice. Lithium (5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) and atorvastatin (1 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered 1 h before each trial, L-NAME, a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor (3, 10 mg/kg, i.p.); aminoguanidine, a specific inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor (100 mg/kg); and L-arginine, a NO precursor (750 mg/kg) were administered 30 min before training sessions. The level of plasma NO end-products (NOx) was determined using Griess reagent protocol. RESULTS 1) Lithium (40 mg/kg) impaired the acquisition of spatial recognition memory; 2) lithium did not affect the retrieval phase of spatial memory; 3) atorvastatin (1 mg/kg) significantly impaired the memory performance, when co-administered with the sub-effective dose of lithium (10 mg/kg), but did not affect the status when administered with lithium (5 mg/kg); 4) L-NAME (10 mg/kg) and aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg) dramatically decreased memory performance in mice received sub-effective doses of both lithium (5 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (1 mg/kg); 5) L-arginine (750 mg/kg) improved the memory acquisition in mice administered lithium (10 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (1 mg/kg); 6) lithium did not affect the cognitive performance in the passive avoidance test. All results were compatible and confirmed with in vitro determination of plasma NOx levels. CONCLUSIONS Lithium, dose dependently, impaired acquisition phase of spatial recognition memory. Lithium and atorvastatin co-administration impaired spatial recognition memory mediating by nitrergic pathway. In addition to L-arginine, our data from L-NAME and aminoguanidine also support the involvement of NO pathway in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Honarmand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Repair Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nasim Pourtabatabaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Repair Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrak Javadi-Paydar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Repair Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Meffre D, Grenier J, Bernard S, Courtin F, Dudev T, Shackleford G, Jafarian-Tehrani M, Massaad C. Wnt and lithium: a common destiny in the therapy of nervous system pathologies? Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1123-48. [PMID: 23749084 PMCID: PMC11113114 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is required for neurogenesis, the fate of neural progenitors, the formation of neuronal circuits during development, neuron positioning and polarization, axon and dendrite development and finally for synaptogenesis. This signaling pathway is also implicated in the generation and differentiation of glial cells. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of action of Wnt signaling pathways and their implication in the development and correct functioning of the nervous system. We also illustrate how a dysregulated Wnt pathway could lead to psychiatric, neurodegenerative and demyelinating pathologies. Lithium, used for the treatment of bipolar disease, inhibits GSK3β, a central enzyme of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, lithium could, to some extent, mimic Wnt pathway. We highlight the possible dialogue between lithium therapy and modulation of Wnt pathway in the treatment of the diseases of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Meffre
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Julien Grenier
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Françoise Courtin
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Todor Dudev
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Charbel Massaad
- UMR 8194 CNRS, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
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Machado-Vieira R, Soeiro-De-Souza MG, Richards EM, Teixeira AL, Zarate CA. Multiple levels of impaired neural plasticity and cellular resilience in bipolar disorder: developing treatments using an integrated translational approach. World J Biol Psychiatry 2014; 15:84-95. [PMID: 23998912 PMCID: PMC4180367 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2013.830775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reviews the neurobiology of bipolar disorder (BD), particularly findings associated with impaired cellular resilience and plasticity. METHODS PubMed/Medline articles and book chapters published over the last 20 years were identified using the following keyword combinations: BD, calcium, cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), genetics, glucocorticoids, glutamate, imaging, ketamine, lithium, mania, mitochondria, neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, neurotrophic, oxidative stress, plasticity, resilience, and valproate. RESULTS BD is associated with impaired cellular resilience and synaptic dysfunction at multiple levels, associated with impaired cellular resilience and plasticity. These findings were partially prevented or even reversed with the use of mood stabilizers, but longitudinal studies associated with clinical outcome remain scarce. CONCLUSIONS Evidence consistently suggests that BD involves impaired neural plasticity and cellular resilience at multiple levels. This includes the genetic and intra- and intercellular signalling levels, their impact on brain structure and function, as well as the final translation into behaviour/cognitive changes. Future studies are expected to adopt integrated translational approaches using a variety of methods (e.g., microarray approaches, neuroimaging, genetics, electrophysiology, and the new generation of -omics techniques). These studies will likely focus on more precise diagnoses and a personalized medicine paradigm in order to develop better treatments for those who need them most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Laboratory of Neuroscience, LIM27, Institute and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio G. Soeiro-De-Souza
- Mood Disorders Unit (GRUDA), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica M. Richards
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonio L. Teixeira
- Neurology Group, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Kang K, Kim YJ, Lee SH, Yoon BW. Lithium fails to enhance neurogenesis in subventricular zone and dentate subgranular zone after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Neurol Res 2013; 36:79-85. [PMID: 24107386 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Application of lithium induces neurogenesis in the damaged brain in the global cerebral ischemia rat model. In a previous study of rats subjected to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), we have found that lithium treatment improves functional recovery and reduces acute brain swelling. In this follow-up study, we investigate whether the known beneficial effect of lithium on functional recovery after ICH can be explained by neurorestorative effect. METHODS Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced using infusion of collagenase into the striatum in adult rats. Rats were treated by intraperitoneal injection with lithium chloride (1, 2, or 4 mEq/kg/day) or saline for 2 weeks leading to and 2 weeks following ICH induction. From post-ICH days 4-14, 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered daily. At 2 weeks post-ICH, immunohistochemical staining was performed for BrdU and doublecortin (Dcx). RESULTS The neurological scores for lithium-treated rats improved significantly at 2 weeks post-ICH compared to saline-treated rats. In the subgranular zone (SGZ) and lateral subventricular zone (SVZ), numbers of BrdU-positive cells were not significantly different between the saline-treated and pooled lithium-treated groups. No significant differences in numbers of BrdU-positive cells in the SVZ were detected between the saline-treated and any of the lithium-treated groups. No significant differences in numbers of BrdU-positive cells in the SGZ were detected between the saline-treated and 1 mEq/kg lithium-treated group. Rats treated with ≧ 2 mEq/kg lithium had lower numbers of BrdU-positive cells in the SGZ than did rats treated with saline, although this difference was not statistically significant. Numbers of Dcx-positive cells in the medial striatum were not significantly different between the 1 mEq/kg lithium-treated and saline-treated groups. CONCLUSION The present study shows that lithium does not enhance neurogenesis after ICH in rats, and high dose lithium suppresses neurogenesis in the SGZ. Functional recovery after ICH may be attributable to neuroprotective effect, not neuroregenerative effect of lithium.
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Rizak J, Tan H, Zhu H, Wang JF. Chronic treatment with the mood-stabilizing drug lithium up-regulates nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in vitro. Neuroscience 2013; 256:223-9. [PMID: 24505606 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mood-stabilizing drug lithium is the most commonly used treatment for bipolar disorder. Previous studies have shown that chronic treatment with lithium produces a protective effect against oxidative stress. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a gene transcription factor that binds to the electrophile response element (EpRE) and triggers expression of various genes with antioxidant properties. Nrf2 contributes significantly to cytoprotection against oxidative stress. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of Nrf2 in the protective effect of lithium against oxidative stress. We found, using immunoblotting analysis, that chronic, but not acute treatment with lithium increased nuclear levels of Nrf2 in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. DNA pull-down assay has shown that Nrf2 can bind to a double-strained oligonucleotide containing an EpRE site from glutathione s-transferase A4. Electrophorectic gel shift analysis further showed that chronic treatment with lithium increased Nrf-2-EpRE binding activity. We also found that knocking down Nrf2 with its short hairpin RNA inhibited lithium-increased expression of Nrf2 and suppressed the protective effect of lithium against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-reduced cell viability and H₂O₂-increased DNA fragmentation. Because Nrf2 can induce expression of various genes that play important roles in cytoprotection, the current findings suggest that Nrf2 may mediate the neuroprotective effect of lithium against oxidative stress.
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Retraction notice to “THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL INFECTION ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND HIPPOCAMPUS NEURONAL APOPTOSIS, PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN THE NEONATAL RATS” [Neuroscience 246 (2013) 422–434]. Neuroscience 2013; 246:422-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Transient domoic acid excitotoxicity increases BDNF expression and activates both MEK- and PKA-dependent neurogenesis in organotypic hippocampal slices. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:72. [PMID: 23865384 PMCID: PMC3722092 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported evidence of cell proliferation and increased neurogenesis in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC) after a transient excitotoxic injury to the hippocampal CA1 area induced by low concentrations of the AMPA/kainate agonist domoic acid (DOM). An increased baseline rate of neurogenesis may contribute to recovery from DOM-induced mild injury but the intracellular mechanism(s) responsible for neuronal proliferation remain unclear. The current study investigated the key intracellular pathways responsible for DOM-induced neurogenesis in OHSC including the effects of transient excitotoxicity on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a well-known regulator of progenitor cell mitosis. Results Application of a low concentration of DOM (2 μM) for 24 h followed by recovery induced a significant and long lasting increase in BDNF protein levels expressed by both neurons and microglial cells. Furthermore, the mild DOM toxicity stimulated both PKA and MEK-dependent intracellular signaling cascades and induced a significant increase in BDNF- transcription factor CREB activation and BDNF-receptor TrkB expression. Coexposure to specific inhibitors of PKA and MEK phosphorylation resulted in a significant decrease in the neurogenic marker doublecortin. Conclusions Our results suggest that transient excitotoxic insult induced by DOM produces BDNF and CREB overexpression via MEK and PKA pathways and that both pathways mediate, at least in part, the increased neural proliferation resulting from mild excitotoxicity.
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