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Li M, Yu Q, Anayyat U, Yang H, Wei Y, Wang X. Rotating magnetic field improved cognitive and memory impairments in a sporadic ad model of mice by regulating microglial polarization. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01223-y. [PMID: 38904930 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, triggered by aberrantly activated microglia, is widely recognized as a key contributor to the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglial activation in the central nervous system (CNS) can be classified into two distinct phenotypes: the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. In this study, we investigated the effects of a non-invasive rotating magnetic field (RMF) (0.2T, 4Hz) on cognitive and memory impairments in a sporadic AD model of female Kunming mice induced by AlCl3 and D-gal. Our findings revealed significant improvements in cognitive and memory impairments following RMF treatment. Furthermore, RMF treatment led to reduced amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, mitigated damage to hippocampal morphology, prevented synaptic and neuronal loss, and alleviated cell apoptosis in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice. Notably, RMF treatment ameliorated neuroinflammation, facilitated the transition of microglial polarization from M1 to M2, and inhibited the NF-кB/MAPK pathway. Additionally, RMF treatment resulted in reduced aluminum deposition in the brains of AD mice. In cellular experiments, RMF promoted the M1-M2 polarization transition and enhanced amyloid phagocytosis in cultured BV2 cells while inhibiting the TLR4/NF-кB/MAPK pathway. Collectively, these results demonstrate that RMF improves memory and cognitive impairments in a sporadic AD model, potentially by promoting the M1 to M2 transition of microglial polarization through inhibition of the NF-кB/MAPK signaling pathway. These findings suggest the promising therapeutic applications of RMF in the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Li
- Shenzhen University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinyao Yu
- Shenzhen University College of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Umer Anayyat
- Shenzhen University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Shenzhen University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunpeng Wei
- Shenzhen University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Shenzhen University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Singh NAK, Prasad S. Ellagic Acid Reverses Alterations in the Expression of AMPA Receptor and Its Scaffolding Proteins in the Cerebral Cortex and Memory Decline in STZ-sporadic Alzheimer' s Disease Mouse Model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06622-9. [PMID: 38842699 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-dependent devastating neuropsychiatric disorder, is a leading cause of learning, memory and intellectual disabilities. Current therapeutic approaches for the amelioration of the anomalies of AD are not effective. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the molecular mechanisms underlying sporadic AD (sAD), the memory related behavioral analysis and neuroprotective effects of Ellagic acid (EA) were investigated. METHOD sAD mouse model was developed by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Streptozotocin (STZ). The efficacy of EA, a naturally occurring polyphenol, in amelioration of anomalies associated with sAD was assessed. EA was administered once daily for 28 days at a dose of 75 mg/kg body weight followed by neurobehavioral, biochemical, molecular and neuronal count analysis to delineate the mode of action of EA. RESULT The ICV injection of STZ in mice significantly increased the expression of AD biomarkers in addition to enhanced oxidative stress. A decline in the discrimination index in Novel Object Recognition Test was observed indicating the compromise of recognition memory in AD. Studies on the expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity reveal the dysregulation of the α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) of the glutamate and its scaffolding proteins in the postsynaptic density and thereby synaptic plasticity in AD. ICV-STZ led to significant upregulation of apoptotic markers which led to decrease in neuronal density of the cerebral cortex. EA significantly reversed the above and improved anomalies of sAD. CONCLUSION EA was observed to profoundly modulate the genes involved in AD pathophysiology, restored antioxidant enzymes activity, reduced lipid peroxidation and neuronal loss in the sAD brain. Further, EA was observed to effectively modulate the genes involved in apoptosis and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, EA possesses promising anti-AD properties, which may improve AD-associated anomalies by modulating synaptic plasticity via AMPAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Anand K Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 211005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 211005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Pereira JD, Teixeira LCR, Mamede I, Alves MT, Caramelli P, Luizon MR, Veloso AA, Gomes KB. miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid associated with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and pathway analysis using a data mining and machine learning approach. J Neurochem 2024; 168:977-994. [PMID: 38390627 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type and accounts for 60%-70% of the reported cases of dementia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in gene expression regulation. Although the diagnosis of AD is primarily clinical, several miRNAs have been associated with AD and considered as potential markers for diagnosis and progression of AD. We sought to match AD-related miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) found in the GeoDataSets, evaluated by machine learning, with miRNAs listed in a systematic review, and a pathway analysis. Using machine learning approaches, we identified most differentially expressed miRNAs in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which were validated by the systematic review, using the acronym PECO-Population (P): Patients with AD, Exposure (E): expression of miRNAs, Comparison (C): Healthy individuals, and Objective (O): miRNAs differentially expressed in CSF. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the main pathways involving at least four miRNAs selected. Four miRNAs were identified for differentiating between patients with and without AD in machine learning combined to systematic review, and followed the pathways analysis: miRNA-30a-3p, miRNA-193a-5p, miRNA-143-3p, miRNA-145-5p. The pathways epidermal growth factor, MAPK, TGF-beta and ATM-dependent DNA damage response, were regulated by these miRNAs, but only the MAPK pathway presented higher relevance after a randomic pathway analysis. These findings have the potential to assist in the development of diagnostic tests for AD using miRNAs as biomarkers, as well as provide understanding of the relationship between different pathophysiological mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Diniz Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Izabela Mamede
- Intituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Caramelli
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon
- Intituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Alonso Veloso
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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4
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Cui W, Lv C, Geng P, Fu M, Zhou W, Xiong M, Li T. Novel targets and therapies of metformin in dementia: old drug, new insights. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1415740. [PMID: 38881878 PMCID: PMC11176471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a devastating disorder characterized by progressive and persistent cognitive decline, imposing a heavy public health burden on the individual and society. Despite numerous efforts by researchers in the field of dementia, pharmacological treatments are limited to relieving symptoms and fail to prevent disease progression. Therefore, studies exploring novel therapeutics or repurposing classical drugs indicated for other diseases are urgently needed. Metformin, a first-line antihyperglycemic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, has been shown to be beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases including dementia. This review discusses and evaluates the neuroprotective role of metformin in dementia, from the perspective of basic and clinical studies. Mechanistically, metformin has been shown to improve insulin resistance, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and decrease oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain. Collectively, the current data presented here support the future potential of metformin as a potential therapeutic strategy for dementia. This study also inspires a new field for future translational studies and clinical research to discover novel therapeutic targets for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Lv
- Hangzhou Simo Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Panling Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingdi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingxiang Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Gao Y, Li J, Hu K, Wang S, Yang S, Ai Q, Yan J. Phosphoproteomic analysis of APP/PS1 mice of Alzheimer's disease by DIA based mass spectrometry analysis with PRM verification. J Proteomics 2024; 299:105157. [PMID: 38462170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has been utilized in China for approximately thousands of years in clinical settings to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) and enhance memory, despite the lack of a systematic exploration of its biological underpinnings. Exciting research has corroborated the beneficial effects of tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG), an extract derived from Polygonum multiflorum, in delaying learning and memory impairment in a model that mimics AD. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the major function of TSG upon protein regulation in AD. Herein, a novel approach, encompassing data independent acquisition (DIA), DIA phosphorylated proteomics, and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), was utilized to integrate quantitative proteomic data collected from APP/PS1 mouse model exhibiting toxic intracellular aggregation of Aβ. Initially, we deliberated upon both single and multi-dimensional data pertaining to AD model mice. Furthermore, we authenticated disparities in protein phosphorylation quantity and expression, phosphorylation function, and ultimately phosphorylation kinase analysis. In order to validate the results, we utilized PRM ion monitoring technology to identify potential protein or peptide biomarkers. In the mixed samples, targeted detection of 50 target proteins revealed that 26 to 33 target proteins were stably detected by PRM. In summary, our findings provide new candidates for AD biomarker, which have been identified and validated through protein researches conducted on mouse brains. This offers a wealth of potential resources for extensive biomarker validation in neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: DIA phosphorylated proteomics technique was used to detect and analyze phosphorylated proteins in brain tissues of mice with AD. Data were analyzed by various bioinformatics tools to explore the phosphorylation events and characterize them related to TSG. The results of DIA were further verified by PRM. Besides, we mapped the major metabolite classes emerging from the analyses to key biological pathways implicated in AD to understand the potential roles of the molecules and the interactions in triggering symptom onset and progression of AD. Meanwhile, we clarified that in the context of AD onset and TSG intervention, the changes in proteins, protein phosphorylation, phosphorylation kinases, and the internal connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Juntong Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Kaichao Hu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Elman JA, Schork NJ, Rangan AV. Exploring the genetic heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for genetic subtypes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.05.02.23289347. [PMID: 37205553 PMCID: PMC10187457 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.23289347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, suggesting the potential existence of subtypes. AD is under substantial genetic influence, thus identifying systematic variation in genetic risk may provide insights into disease origins. Objective We investigated genetic heterogeneity in AD risk through a multi-step analysis. Methods We performed principal component analysis (PCA) on AD-associated variants in the UK Biobank (AD cases=2,739, controls=5,478) to assess structured genetic heterogeneity. Subsequently, a biclustering algorithm searched for distinct disease-specific genetic signatures among subsets of cases. Replication tests were conducted using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset (AD cases=500, controls=470). We categorized a separate set of ADNI individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=399) into genetic subtypes and examined cognitive, amyloid, and tau trajectories. Results PCA revealed three distinct clusters ("constellations") driven primarily by different correlation patterns in a region of strong LD surrounding the MAPT locus. Constellations contained a mixture of cases and controls, reflecting disease-relevant but not disease-specific structure. We found two disease-specific biclusters among AD cases. Pathway analysis linked bicluster-associated variants to neuron morphogenesis and outgrowth. Disease-relevant and disease-specific structure replicated in ADNI, and bicluster 2 exhibited increased CSF p-tau and cognitive decline over time. Conclusions This study unveils a hierarchical structure of AD genetic risk. Disease-relevant constellations may represent haplotype structure that does not increase risk directly but may alter the relative importance of other genetic risk factors. Biclusters may represent distinct AD genetic subtypes. This structure is replicable and relates to differential pathological accumulation and cognitive decline over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Aaditya V. Rangan
- Department of Mathematics, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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Lachén-Montes M, Cartas-Cejudo P, Cortés A, Anaya-Cubero E, Peral E, Ausín K, Díaz-Peña R, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E. Involvement of Glucosamine 6 Phosphate Isomerase 2 (GNPDA2) Overproduction in β-Amyloid- and Tau P301L-Driven Pathomechanisms. Biomolecules 2024; 14:394. [PMID: 38672412 PMCID: PMC11048700 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative olfactory disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Alterations in the hexosamine- or glucose-related pathways have been described through AD progression. Specifically, an alteration in glucosamine 6 phosphate isomerase 2 (GNPDA2) protein levels has been observed in olfactory areas of AD subjects. However, the biological role of GNPDA2 in neurodegeneration remains unknown. Using mass spectrometry, multiple GNPDA2 interactors were identified in human nasal epithelial cells (NECs) mainly involved in intraciliary transport. Moreover, GNPDA2 overexpression induced an increment in NEC proliferation rates, accompanied by transcriptomic alterations in Type II interferon signaling or cellular stress responses. In contrast, the presence of beta-amyloid or mutated Tau-P301L in GNPDA2-overexpressing NECs induced a slowdown in the proliferative capacity in parallel with a disruption in protein processing. The proteomic characterization of Tau-P301L transgenic zebrafish embryos demonstrated that GNPDA2 overexpression interfered with collagen biosynthesis and RNA/protein processing, without inducing additional changes in axonal outgrowth defects or neuronal cell death. In humans, a significant increase in serum GNPDA2 levels was observed across multiple neurological proteinopathies (AD, Lewy body dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, mixed dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) (n = 215). These data shed new light on GNPDA2-dependent mechanisms associated with the neurodegenerative process beyond the hexosamine route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (P.C.-C.); (A.C.); (E.A.-C.); (E.P.); (K.A.); (R.D.-P.); (J.F.-I.)
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9
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Kazemi S, Safari S, Komaki S, Karimi SA, Golipoor Z, Komaki A. The effects of carvacrol and p-cymene on Aβ 1-42 -induced long-term potentiation deficit in male rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14459. [PMID: 37727020 PMCID: PMC10916422 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in which oxidative stress plays an important role. In this disease, learning and memory and the cellular mechanism associated with it, long-term potentiation (LTP), are impaired. Considering the beneficial effects of carvacrol (CAR) and p-cymene against AD, their effect was assessed on in vivo hippocampal LTP in the perforant pathway (PP)-dentate gyrus (DG) pathway in an Aβ1-42 -induced rat model of AD. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham: intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of phosphate-buffered saline, Aβ: ICV Aβ1-42 injections, Aβ + CAR (50 mg/kg), Aβ + p-cymene (50 mg/kg), and Aβ + CAR + p-cymene. Administration of CAR and p-cymene was done by gavage daily 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the Aβ injection. The population spike (PS) amplitude and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) slope were determined in DG against the applied stimulation to the PP. RESULTS Aβ-treated rats exhibited impaired LTP induction in the PP-DG synapses, resulting in significant reduction in both fEPSP slope and PS amplitude compared to the sham animals. Aβ-treated rats consumed either CAR or p-cymene separately (but not their combination), and showed an enhancement in fEPSP slope and PS amplitude of the DG granular cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that CAR or p-cymene can ameliorate Aβ-associated changes in synaptic plasticity. Surprisingly, the combination of CAR and p-cymene did not yield the same effect, suggesting a potential interaction between the two substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahifeh Kazemi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Samaneh Safari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Student Research CommitteeHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Somayeh Komaki
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Zoleikha Golipoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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Iemmolo M, Bivona G, Piccoli T, Nicosia A, Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Di Pietra F, Ghersi G. Effects of Cerebrospinal Fluids from Alzheimer and Non-Alzheimer Patients on Neurons-Astrocytes-Microglia Co-Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2510. [PMID: 38473758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques, tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and synaptic/neuronal loss, the latter being the strongest correlating factor with memory and cognitive impairment. Through an in vitro study on a neurons-astrocytes-microglia (NAM) co-culture system, we analyzed the effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AD and non-AD patients (other neurodegenerative pathologies). Treatment with CSF from AD patients showed a loss of neurofilaments and spheroids, suggesting the presence of elements including CX3CL1 (soluble form), destabilizing the neurofilaments, cellular adhesion processes, and intercellular contacts. The NAM co-cultures were analyzed in immunofluorescence assays for several markers related to AD, such as through zymography, where the expression of proteolytic enzymes was quantified both in cell extracts and the co-cultures' conditioned medium (CM). Through qRT-PCR assays, several genes involved in the formation of β-amyloid plaque, in phosphorylation of tau, and in inflammation pathways and MMP expression were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Iemmolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Piccoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation-National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Pietra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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11
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Li J, Wang L, Zeng Q, He J, Tang Q, Wang K, He G. MKP-1 regulates the inflammatory activation of microglia against Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14409. [PMID: 37602891 PMCID: PMC10848084 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases leading to dementia in elderly people. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in AD pathogenesis, so modulation of neuroinflammation has emerged as an essential therapeutic method to improve AD. The current study aims to investigate whether MKP-1 can regulate microglia phenotype and inflammatory factor release in AD and explore its possible mechanisms. METHODS Amyloid precursor protein/PS1 double transgenic mice and wild-type mice were selected to study the locations of microglia and amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in different regions of mice brains. Changes in MKP-1 of microglia were detected using AD model mice and AD model cells. Changes in phenotype and the release of inflammatory factors within immortalized BV2 murine microglia were investigated by regulating the expression of MKP-1. RESULTS The distribution of microglia and Aβ plaques in the AD brain was region-specific. MKP-1 expression was downregulated in AD mice, and in vitro, with increasing Aβ concentrations, MKP-1 expression was reduced. MKP-1 over-expression increased M2 microglia but decreased M1 microglia accompanied by changes in inflammatory factors and inhibition of MKP-1 yielded the opposite result. CONCLUSION MKP-1 regulated microglia phenotype and inflammatory factor release in AD through modulation of the p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Basic MedicineChongqing College of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqingChina
| | - Qinhua Zeng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jing He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qing Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kejian Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guiqiong He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical CollegeChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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12
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Kim EH, Lee WS, Lee JH, Kwon DR. Microcurrent therapy as the nonpharmacological new protocol against Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1344072. [PMID: 38304741 PMCID: PMC10833500 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1344072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses an increasing global health challenge and is marked by gradual cognitive deterioration, memory impairment, and neuroinflammation. Innovative therapeutic approaches as non-pharmacological protocol are urgently needed with side effect risk of drugs. Microcurrent therapy, a non-invasive modality involving low-level electrical currents, has emerged as a potential solution to address AD's complex pathogenesis. This study investigates the optimal application of microcurrent therapy as a clinical protocol for AD, utilizing a comprehensive approach that integrates behavioral assessments and neuroinflammation evaluation in a mouse model of dementia. Methods and results The results reveal that microcurrent therapy holds promise in ameliorating memory impairment and reducing neuroinflammation in AD. Behavioral assessments, including the Novel Object Recognition Test (NOR) and Radial Arm Maze Test (RAM), demonstrated improved cognitive function following microcurrent therapy. Furthermore, microcurrent therapy inhibited expression of neuroinflammatory proteins, including ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in current-treated group. Mechanistic insights suggest that microcurrent therapy may modulate neuroinflammation through the regulation of MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion This study emphasizes the prospect of microcurrent therapy as a safe and efficacious non-pharmacological strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD), providing optimism to the countless individuals impacted by this debilitating ailment. These results contribute to the developments of an innovative clinical protocol for AD and recovery from neurological injury, underscoring the significance of investigating unconventional therapeutic approaches for addressing this complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Rak Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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13
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Rahman SMT, Zhou W, Deiters A, Haugh JM. Dissection of MKK6 and p38 Signaling Using Light-Activated Protein Kinases. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300551. [PMID: 37856284 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Stress-activated signaling pathways orchestrate cellular behaviors and fates. Studying the precise role(s) of stress-activated protein kinases is challenging, because stress conditions induce adaptation and impose selection pressure. To meet this challenge, we have applied an optogenetic system with a single plasmid to express light-activated p38α or its upstream activator, MKK6, in conjunction with live-cell fluorescence microscopy. In starved cells, decaging of constitutively active p38α or MKK6 by brief exposure to UV light elicits rapid p38-mediated signaling, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and apoptosis with different kinetics. In parallel, light activation of p38α also suppresses autophagosome formation, similarly to stimulation with growth factors that activate PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling. Active MKK6 negatively regulates serum-induced ERK activity, which is p38-independent as previously reported. Here, we reproduce that result with the one plasmid system and show that although decaging active p38α does not reduce basal ERK activity in our cells, it can block growth factor-stimulated ERK signaling in serum-starved cells. These results clarify the roles of MKK6 and p38α in dynamic signaling programs, which act in concert to actuate apoptotic death while suppressing cell survival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Md Toufiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jason M Haugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7905, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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14
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Ali MU, Anwar L, Ali MH, Iqubal MK, Iqubal A, Baboota S, Ali J. Signalling Pathways Involved in Microglial Activation in Alzheimer's Disease and Potential Neuroprotective Role of Phytoconstituents. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:819-840. [PMID: 36567300 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221223091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a commonly reported neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia and cognitive impairment. The pathophysiology of AD comprises Aβ, hyperphosphorylated tau protein formation, abrupt cholinergic cascade, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. Recent findings have established the profound role of immunological dysfunction and microglial activation in the pathogenesis of AD. Microglial activation is a multifactorial cascade encompassing various signalling molecules and pathways such as Nrf2/NLRP3/NF-kB/p38 MAPKs/ GSK-3β. Additionally, deposited Aβ or tau protein triggers microglial activation and accelerates its pathogenesis. Currently, the FDA-approved therapeutic regimens are based on the modulation of the cholinergic system, and recently, one more drug, aducanumab, has been approved by the FDA. On the one hand, these drugs only offer symptomatic relief and not a cure for AD. Additionally, no targetedbased microglial medicines are available for treating and managing AD. On the other hand, various natural products have been explored for the possible anti-Alzheimer effect via targeting microglial activation or different targets of microglial activation. Therefore, the present review focuses on exploring the mechanism and associated signalling related to microglial activation and a detailed description of various natural products that have previously been reported with anti-Alzheimer's effect via mitigation of microglial activation. Additionally, we have discussed the various patents and clinical trials related to managing and treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Uzair Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Laiba Anwar
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Humair Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Sentiss Research Centre, Department of Product Development, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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15
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Lu Z, Fu J, Wu G, Yang Z, Wu X, Wang D, You Z, Nie Z, Sheng Q. Neuroprotection and Mechanism of Gas-miR36-5p from Gastrodia elata in an Alzheimer's Disease Model by Regulating Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17295. [PMID: 38139125 PMCID: PMC10744203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently the most common neurodegenerative disease. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a pivotal factor in AD pathogenesis. Recent research has demonstrated that plant miRNAs exert cross-kingdom regulation on the target genes in animals. Gastrodia elata (G. elata) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine that has significant pharmacological activity against diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Our previous studies have indicated that G. elata-specific miRNA plays a cross-kingdom regulatory role for the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. In this study, further bioinformatics analysis suggested that Gas-miR36-5p targets GSK-3β. Through western blot, RT-qPCR, and assessments of T-AOC, SOD, and MDA levels, Gas-miR36-5p demonstrated its neuroprotective effects in an AD cell model. Furthermore, Gas-miR36-5p was detected in the murine brain tissues. The results of the Morris water maze test and western blot analysis provided positive evidence for reversing the learning deficits and hyperphosphorylation of Tau in AD mice, elucidating significant neuroprotective effects in an AD model following G. elata RNA administration. Our research emphasizes Gas-miR36-5p as a novel G. elata-specific miRNA with neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's disease by targeting GSK-3β. Consequently, our findings provide valuable insights into the cross-kingdom regulatory mechanisms underlying G. elata-specific miRNA, presenting a novel perspective for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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16
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Arfat Y, Zafar I, Sehgal SA, Ayaz M, Sajid M, Khan JM, Ahsan M, Rather MA, Khan AA, Alshehri JM, Akash S, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Sharma R. In silico designing of multiepitope-based-peptide (MBP) vaccine against MAPK protein express for Alzheimer's disease in Zebrafish. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22204. [PMID: 38058625 PMCID: PMC10695983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathway is essential in advancing treatments for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's. In this study, we investigate in-silico techniques involving computer-based methods to extract the MAPK1 sequence. Our applied methods enable us to analyze the protein's structure, evaluate its properties, establish its evolutionary relationships, and assess its prevalence in populations. We also predict epitopes, assess their ability to trigger immune responses, and check for allergenicity using advanced computational tools to understand their immunological properties comprehensively. We apply virtual screening, docking, and structure modelling to identify promising drug candidates, analyze their interactions, and enhance drug design processes. We identified a total of 30 cell-targeting molecules against the MAPK1 protein, where we selected top 10 CTL epitopes (PAGGGPNPG, GGGPNPGSG, SAPAGGGPN, AVSAPAGGG, AGGGPNPGS, ATAAVSAPA, TAAVSAPAG, ENIIGINDI, INDIIRTPT, and NDIIRTPTI) for further evaluation to determine their potential efficacy, safety, and suitability for vaccine design based on strong binding potential. The potential to cover a large portion of the world's population with these vaccines is substantial-88.5 % for one type and 99.99 % for another. In exploring the molecular docking analyses, we examined a library of compounds from the ZINC database. Among them, we identified twelve compounds with the lowest binding energy. Critical residues in the MAPK1 protein, such as VAL48, LYS63, CYS175, ASP176, LYS160, ALA61, LEU165, TYR45, SER162, ARG33, PRO365, PHE363, ILE40, ASN163, and GLU42, are pivotal for interactions with these compounds. Our result suggests that these compounds could influence the protein's behaviour. Moreover, our docking analyses revealed that the predicted peptides have a strong affinity for the MAPK1 protein. These peptides form stable complexes, indicating their potential as potent inhibitors. This study contributes to the identification of new drug compounds and the screening of their desired properties. These compounds could potentially help reduce the excessive activity of MAPK1, which is linked to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Arfat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Imran Zafar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University, Punjab, 54700, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Ayaz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Muhammad Khan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil- Gandarbal (SKAUST-K), India
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamilah M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International, University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, 50 003, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, 50 003, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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17
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Eslami S, Hosseinzadeh Shakib N, Fooladfar Z, Nasrollahian S, Baghaei S, Mosaddad SA, Motamedifar M. The role of periodontitis-associated bacteria in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1059-1072. [PMID: 37311215 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease causes memory loss and dementia in older adults through a neurodegenerative mechanism. Despite the pathophysiological clarification of this cognitive disorder, novel molecular and cellular pathways should be identified to determine its exact mechanism. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by senile plaques comprising beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated tau as a microtubule-associated protein with a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Periodontitis through inflammatory pathways is a risk factor for deteriorating cognitive impairment in AD patients. Poor oral hygiene coupled with immunocompromised status in older adults causes periodontal diseases and chronic inflammations through an oral bacterial imbalance. Toxic bacterial products, including bacteria themselves, can reach the central nervous system through the bloodstream and evoke inflammatory responses. The present review was conducted to investigate relationships between AD and periodontitis-involved bacteria as a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Eslami
- Research Central Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Fooladfar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Nasrollahian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saman Baghaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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18
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Li M, Wang M, Wen Y, Zhang H, Zhao G, Gao Q. Signaling pathways in macrophages: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e349. [PMID: 37706196 PMCID: PMC10495745 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play diverse roles in development, homeostasis, and immunity. Accordingly, the dysfunction of macrophages is involved in the occurrence and progression of various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and atherosclerosis. The protective or pathogenic effect that macrophages exert in different conditions largely depends on their functional plasticity, which is regulated via signal transduction such as Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, Wnt and Notch pathways, stimulated by environmental cues. Over the past few decades, the molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways in macrophages have been gradually elucidated, providing more alternative therapeutic targets for diseases treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the basic physiology of macrophages and expound the regulatory pathways within them. We also address the crucial role macrophages play in the pathogenesis of diseases, including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, infectious diseases, and cancer, with a focus on advances in macrophage-targeted strategies exploring modulation of components and regulators of signaling pathways. Last, we discuss the challenges and possible solutions of macrophage-targeted therapy in clinical applications. We hope that this comprehensive review will provide directions for further research on therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage signaling pathways, which are promising to improve the efficacy of disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuanjia Wen
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Guang‐Nian Zhao
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Teng Y, Yuan Q, Wu Y, Wu S, Su J, Zhang P, Zhang Y. Research on the Chemical Constituents against Alzheimer's Disease of the Fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301075. [PMID: 37505462 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (PA) is a natural plant which is utilised as a traditional herbal medicine. It has properties that make it effective against inflammation and free radical damage. In the present study, the major constituents of four extraction parts of the fruits of PA (PAF) were investigated by combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The mice model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3 ) combined with D-galactose (D-gal) was established to comprehend the mechanism behind PAF's anti-AD activity from both behavioural and pathological perspectives. The results showed that four extraction parts of PAF (PAFE) had favorable anti-AD effects and the ethyl acetate (EA) group showed the best activity. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis identified Physalin B, Nobiletin and Caffeic acid as the main anti-AD active constituents in EA extract. This study reveals that PAF can reduce neuroinflammatory damage by inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway, which is the theoretical basis for clinical development and utilization of PAF in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Teng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - You Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Jin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Pengxia Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi, 154007, China
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20
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Katola FO, Olajide OA. Nimbolide Targets Multiple Signalling Pathways to Reduce Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5450-5467. [PMID: 37314658 PMCID: PMC10415506 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nimbolide, a limonoid compound found in the neem plant, was investigated for effects on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cultured BV-2 cells were treated with nimbolide (125, 250 and 500 nM) followed by stimulation with LPS (100 ng/ml). Results showed that nimbolide caused a significant reduction in the levels of TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ, NO/iNOS and PGE2/COX-2 in LPS-activated BV-2 cells. Further experiments revealed that LPS-induced increased expression of phospho-p65 and phospho-IκBα proteins were reduced in the presence of nimbolide. Also, LPS-induced NF-κB acetylation, increased binding to consensus sites and transactivation, as well as phosphorylation of p38 and JNK MAPKs were reduced by nimbolide. Reduction of cellular ROS generation by nimbolide was accompanied by a reduction in gp91phox protein levels, while antioxidant effects were also observed through elevation in protein levels of HO-1 and NQO-1. It was observed that treatment of BV-2 microglia with nimbolide resulted in reduced levels of cytoplasmic Nrf2, which was accompanied by increased levels in the nucleus. Furthermore, treatment with this compound resulted in increased binding of Nrf2 to antioxidant responsive element (ARE) consensus sites accompanied by enhanced ARE luciferase activity. Knockdown experiments revealed a loss of anti-inflammatory activity by nimbolide in cells transfected with Nrf2 siRNA. Treatment with nimbolide resulted in nuclear accumulation of SIRT-1, while siRNA knockdown of SIRT-1 resulted in the reversal of anti-inflammatory activity of nimbolide. It is proposed that nimbolide reduces neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia through mechanisms resulting in dual inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. It is also proposed that activation of Nrf2 antioxidant mechanisms may be contributing to its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folashade O Katola
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9072, USA
| | - Olumayokun A Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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21
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Le TKC, Dao XD, Nguyen DV, Luu DH, Bui TMH, Le TH, Nguyen HT, Le TN, Hosaka T, Nguyen TTT. Insulin signaling and its application. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1226655. [PMID: 37664840 PMCID: PMC10469844 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1226655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of insulin in 1921 introduced a new branch of research into insulin activity and insulin resistance. Many discoveries in this field have been applied to diagnosing and treating diseases related to insulin resistance. In this mini-review, the authors attempt to synthesize the updated discoveries to unravel the related mechanisms and inform the development of novel applications. Firstly, we depict the insulin signaling pathway to explain the physiology of insulin action starting at the receptor sites of insulin and downstream the signaling of the insulin signaling pathway. Based on this, the next part will analyze the mechanisms of insulin resistance with two major provenances: the defects caused by receptors and the defects due to extra-receptor causes, but in this study, we focus on post-receptor causes. Finally, we discuss the recent applications including the diseases related to insulin resistance (obesity, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer) and the potential treatment of those based on insulin resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Chung Le
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Dat Dao
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Vung Nguyen
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Huy Luu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Minh Hanh Bui
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Huong Le
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huu Thang Nguyen
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Ngoan Le
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Toshio Hosaka
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Thi Thu Thao Nguyen
- School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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22
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Olufunmilayo EO, Holsinger RMD. Roles of Non-Coding RNA in Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12498. [PMID: 37569871 PMCID: PMC10420049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is accompanied by deficits in memory and cognitive functions. The disease is pathologically characterised by the accumulation and aggregation of an extracellular peptide referred to as amyloid-β (Aβ) in the form of amyloid plaques and the intracellular aggregation of a hyperphosphorelated protein tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that cause neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The search for pathomechanisms leading to disease onset and progression has identified many key players that include genetic, epigenetic, behavioural, and environmental factors, which lend support to the fact that this is a multi-faceted disease where failure in various systems contributes to disease onset and progression. Although the vast majority of individuals present with the sporadic (non-genetic) form of the disease, dysfunctions in numerous protein-coding and non-coding genes have been implicated in mechanisms contributing to the disease. Recent studies have provided strong evidence for the association of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with AD. In this review, we highlight the current findings on changes observed in circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in AD. Variations in these ncRNAs could potentially serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We also discuss the results of studies that have targeted these ncRNAs in cellular and animal models of AD with a view for translating these findings into therapies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O. Olufunmilayo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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23
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Braun DJ, Frazier HN, Davis VA, Coleman MJ, Rogers CB, Van Eldik LJ. Early chronic suppression of microglial p38α in a model of Alzheimer's disease does not significantly alter amyloid-associated neuropathology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286495. [PMID: 37256881 PMCID: PMC10231773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α) is linked to both innate and adaptive immune responses and is under investigation as a target for drug development in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other conditions with neuroinflammatory dysfunction. While preclinical data has shown that p38α inhibition can protect against AD-associated neuropathology, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Inhibitors of p38α may provide benefit via modulation of microglial-associated neuroinflammatory responses that contribute to AD pathology. The present study tests this hypothesis by knocking out microglial p38α and assessing early-stage pathological changes. Conditional knockout of microglial p38α was accomplished in 5-month-old C57BL/6J wild-type and amyloidogenic AD model (APPswe/PS1dE9) mice using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre/loxP system under control of the Cx3cr1 promoter. Beginning at 7.5 months of age, animals underwent behavioral assessment on the open field, followed by a later radial arm water maze test and collection of cortical and hippocampal tissues at 11 months. Additional endpoint measures included quantification of proinflammatory cytokines, assessment of amyloid burden and plaque deposition, and characterization of microglia-plaque dynamics. Loss of microglial p38α did not alter behavioral outcomes, proinflammatory cytokine levels, or overall amyloid plaque burden. However, this manipulation did significantly increase hippocampal levels of soluble Aβ42 and reduce colocalization of Iba1 and 6E10 in a subset of microglia in close proximity to plaques. The data presented here suggest that rather than reducing inflammation per se, the net effect of microglial p38α inhibition in the context of early AD-type amyloid pathology is a subtle alteration of microglia-plaque interactions. Encouragingly from a therapeutic standpoint, these data suggest no detrimental effect of even substantial decreases in microglial p38α in this context. Additionally, these results support future investigations of microglial p38α signaling at different stages of disease, as well as its relationship to phagocytic processes in this particular cell-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Braun
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Hilaree N. Frazier
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Verda A. Davis
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Meggie J. Coleman
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Colin B. Rogers
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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24
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Chassé M, Vasdev N. Synthesis and Preclinical Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the p38 MAPK Inhibitor [ 11C]Talmapimod: Effects of Drug Efflux and Sex Differences. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37186961 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-activated kinases are targets of interest in neurodegenerative disease due to their involvement in inflammatory signaling and synaptic dysfunction. The p38α kinase has shown clinical and preclinical promise as a druggable target in several neurodegenerative conditions. We report the radiosynthesis and evaluation of the first positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for imaging MAPK p38α/β through radiolabeling of the inhibitor talmapimod (SCIO-469) with carbon-11. [11C]Talmapimod was reliably synthesized by carbon-11 methylation with non-decay corrected radiochemical yields of 3.1 ± 0.7%, molar activities of 38.9 ± 13 GBq/μmol, and >95% radiochemical purity (n = 20). Preclinical PET imaging in rodents revealed a low baseline brain uptake and retention with standardized uptake values (SUV) of ∼0.2 over 90 min; however, pretreatment with the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux transporter inhibitor elacridar enabled [11C]talmapimod to pass the blood-brain barrier (>1.0 SUV) with distinct sex differences in washout kinetics. Blocking studies with a structurally dissimilar p38α/β inhibitor, neflamapimod (VX-745), and displacement imaging studies with talmapimod were attempted in elacridar-pretreated rodents, but neither compound displaced radiotracer uptake in the brain of either sex. Ex vivo radiometabolite analysis revealed substantial differences in the composition of radioactive species present in blood plasma but not in brain homogenates at 40 min post radiotracer injection. Digital autoradiography in fresh-frozen rodent brain tissue confirmed that the radiotracer signal was largely non-displaceable in vitro, where self-blocking and blocking with neflamapimod marginally decreased the total signal by 12.9 ± 8.8% and 2.66 ± 2.1% in C57bl/6 healthy controls and 29.3 ± 2.7% and 26.7 ± 12% in Tg2576 rodent brains, respectively. An MDCK-MDR1 assay suggests that talmapimod is likely to suffer from drug efflux in humans as well as rodents. Future efforts should focus on radiolabeling p38 inhibitors from other structural classes to avoid P-gp efflux and non-displaceable binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Chassé
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M5T-1R8, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M5T-1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
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25
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Du Y, Liu G, Chen D, Yang J, Wang J, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Liu Y. NQO1 regulates expression and alternative splicing of apoptotic genes associated with Alzheimer's disease in PC12 cells. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2917. [PMID: 37002649 PMCID: PMC10175992 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an antioxidant enzyme that plays an important role in controlling cellular redox state, whose expression is altered in the brain tissues of AD patients. In addition to its traditional antioxidant effects, NQO1 also acts as a multifunctional RNA-binding protein involved in posttranscriptional regulation. Whether the RNA-binding activity of NQO1 influences AD pathology has not been investigated yet. METHODS The RNA-binding functions of NQO1 in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were investigated using siRNA knockdown followed by total RNA sequencing. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to explore the impact of NQO1 on the transcription and alternative splicing of apoptotic genes. RESULTS NQO1 knockdown led to a significant increase in cellular apoptosis. Genes involved in certain apoptosis pathways, such as positive regulation of apoptotic processes and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, were under global transcriptional and alternative splicing regulation. NQO1 regulated the transcription of apoptotic genes Cryab, Lgmn, Ngf, Apoe, Brd7, and Stat3, as well as the alternative splicing of apoptotic genes BIN1, Picalm, and Fyn. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NQO1 participates in the pathology of AD by regulating the expression and alternative splicing of the genes involved in apoptosis. These results extend our understanding of NQO1 in apoptotic pathways at the posttranscriptional level in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Du
- Section 1, Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gejing Liu
- Section 1, Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Jinggang Yang
- Section 1, Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Section 1, Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Yongming Liu
- Section 1, Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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26
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Iemmolo M, Ghersi G, Bivona G. The Cytokine CX3CL1 and ADAMs/MMPs in Concerted Cross-Talk Influencing Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098026. [PMID: 37175729 PMCID: PMC10179166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. It could therefore be said that neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative pathologies is not a consequence but a cause of them and could represent a therapeutic target of neuronal degeneration. CX3CL1 and several proteases (ADAMs/MMPs) are strongly involved in the inflammatory pathways of these neurodegenerative pathologies with multiple effects. On the one hand, ADAMs have neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects; on the other hand, they target cytokines and chemokines, thus causing inflammatory processes and, consequently, neurodegeneration. CX3CL1 itself is a cytokine substrate for the ADAM, ADAM17, which cleaves and releases it in a soluble isoform (sCX3CL1). CX3CL1, as an adhesion molecule, on the one hand, plays an inhibiting role in the pro-inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) and shows neuroprotective effects by binding its membrane receptor (CX3CR1) present into microglia cells and maintaining them in a quiescent state; on the other hand, the sCX3CL1 isoform seems to promote neurodegeneration. In this review, the dual roles of CX3CL1 and ADAMs/MMPs in different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (MH), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Iemmolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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27
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Son S, Lee NR, Gee MS, Song CW, Lee SJ, Lee SK, Lee Y, Kim HJ, Lee JK, Inn KS, Kim NJ. Chemical Knockdown of Phosphorylated p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) as a Novel Approach for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:417-426. [PMID: 36968534 PMCID: PMC10037464 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) provides unique advantages over gene knockdown in that it can induce selective degradation of disease-associated proteins attributed to pathological mutations or aberrant post-translational modifications (PTMs). Herein, we report a protein degrader, PRZ-18002, that selectively binds to an active form of p38 MAPK. PRZ-18002 induces degradation of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38) and a phosphomimetic mutant of p38 MAPK in a proteasome-dependent manner. Given that the activation of p38 MAPK plays pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), selective degradation of p-p38 may provide an attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of AD. In the 5xFAD transgenic mice model of AD, intranasal treatment of PRZ-18002 reduces p-p38 levels and alleviates microglia activation and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, leading to subsequent improvement of spatial learning and memory. Collectively, our findings suggest that PRZ-18002 ameliorates AD pathophysiology via selective degradation of p-p38, highlighting a novel therapeutic TPD modality that targets a specific PTM to induce selective degradation of neurodegenerative disease-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung
Hwan Son
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Lee
- Prazer
Therapeutics Inc., Beobwon-ro
9-gil 26, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Gee
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Song
- Prazer
Therapeutics Inc., Beobwon-ro
9-gil 26, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department
of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Prazer
Therapeutics Inc., Beobwon-ro
9-gil 26, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Prazer
Therapeutics Inc., Beobwon-ro
9-gil 26, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Prazer
Therapeutics Inc., Beobwon-ro
9-gil 26, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Prazer
Therapeutics Inc., Beobwon-ro
9-gil 26, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
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28
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alsayegh AA, Hakami ZH, Khamjan NA, Saad HM, Batiha GES, De Waard M. A Potential Link Between Visceral Obesity and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:745-766. [PMID: 36409447 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and tau-neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Visceral obesity (VO) is usually associated with low-grade inflammation due to higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the potential link between VO and the development of AD. Tissue hypoxia in obesity promotes tissue injury, production of adipocytokines, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to an oxidative-inflammatory loop with induction of insulin resistance. Importantly, brain insulin signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of AD and lower cognitive function. Obesity and enlargement of visceral adipose tissue are associated with the deposition of Aβ. All of this is consonant with VO increasing the risk of AD through the dysregulation of adipocytokines which affect the development of AD. The activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in VO might be a potential link in the development of AD. Likewise, the higher concentration of advanced glycation end-products in VO could be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Taken together, different inflammatory signaling pathways are activated in VO that all have a negative impact on the cognitive function and progression of AD except hypoxia-inducible factor 1 which has beneficial and neuroprotective effects in mitigating the progression of AD. In addition, VO-mediated hypoadiponectinemia and leptin resistance may promote the progression of Aβ formation and tau phosphorylation with the development of AD. In conclusion, VO-induced AD is mainly mediated through the induction of oxidative stress, inflammatory changes, leptin resistance, and hypoadiponectinemia that collectively trigger Aβ formation and neuroinflammation. Thus, early recognition of VO by visceral adiposity index with appropriate management could be a preventive measure against the development of AD in patients with VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki H Hakami
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar A Khamjan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120, Saint-Egrève, France.,L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007, Nantes, France.,LabEx «Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics», Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
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29
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Lim HJ, Prajapati R, Seong SH, Jung HA, Choi JS. Antioxidant and Antineuroinflammatory Mechanisms of Kaempferol-3- O-β-d-Glucuronate on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells through the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Cascade and MAPK/NF-κB Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6538-6549. [PMID: 36844518 PMCID: PMC9948190 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aglycone- and glycoside-derived forms of flavonoids exist broadly in plants and foods such as fruits, vegetables, and peanuts. However, most studies focus on the bioavailability of flavonoid aglycone rather than its glycosylated form. Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucuronate (K3G) is a natural flavonoid glycoside obtained from various plants that have several biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the molecular mechanism related to the antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory activity of K3G has not yet been demonstrated. The present study was designed to demonstrate the antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory effect of K3G against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and to evaluate the underlying mechanism. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The inhibition rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by DCF-DA assay, Griess assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting. K3G inhibited the LPS-induced release of nitric oxide, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as the expression of prostaglandin E synthase 2. Additionally, K3G reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) related proteins. Mechanistic studies found that K3G downregulated phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and upregulated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascade. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of K3G on antineuroinflammation by inactivating phosphorylation of MPAKs and on antioxidants by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway through decreasing ROS in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- Institute
of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National
University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Ritu Prajapati
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Division
of Natural Products Research, Honam National
Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department
of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk
National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Institute
of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National
University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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30
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Shirbandi K, Khalafi M, J Bevelacqua J, Sadeghian N, Adiban S, Bahaeddini Zarandi F, Mortazavi SA, Mortazavi SH, Mortazavi SMJ, S Welsh J. Exposure to Low Levels of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Cell-phones as a Promising Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review Study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2023; 13:3-16. [PMID: 36818013 PMCID: PMC9923247 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2109-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most significant public health concerns and tremendous economic challenges. Studies conducted over the past decades show that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) may relieve AD symptoms. OBJECTIVE To determine if exposure to RF-EMFs emitted by cellphones affect the risk of AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this review, all relevant published articles reporting an association of cell phone use with AD were studied. We systematically searched international datasets to identify relevant studies. Finally, 33 studies were included in the review. Our review discusses the effects of RF-EMFs on the amyloid β (Aβ), oxidative stress, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuronal death, and astrocyte responses. Moreover, the role of exposure parameters, including the type of exposure, its duration, and specific absorption rate (SAR), are discussed. RESULTS Progressive factors of AD such as Aβ, myelin basic protein (MBP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and neurofilament light polypeptide (NFL) were decreased. While tau protein showed no change, factors affecting brain activity such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain temperature, and neuronal activity were increased. CONCLUSION Exposure to low levels of RF-EMFs can reduce the risk of AD by increasing MAPK and GFAP and decreasing MBP. Considering the role of apoptosis in AD and the effect of RF-EMF on the progression of the process, this review indicates the positive effect of these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Shirbandi
- Department of International Affairs (IAD), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalafi
- Allied Health Science, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Najmeh Sadeghian
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saina Adiban
- Biotechnology Student, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - James S Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital Hines, Illinois, USA
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Bivona G, Iemmolo M, Agnello L, Lo Sasso B, Gambino CM, Giglio RV, Scazzone C, Ghersi G, Ciaccio M. Microglial Activation and Priming in Alzheimer's Disease: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010884. [PMID: 36614325 PMCID: PMC9820926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, having a remarkable social and healthcare burden worldwide. Amyloid β (Aβ) and protein Tau aggregates are disease hallmarks and key players in AD pathogenesis. However, it has been hypothesized that microglia can contribute to AD pathophysiology, as well. Microglia are CNS-resident immune cells belonging to the myeloid lineage of the innate arm of immunity. Under physiological conditions, microglia are in constant motion in order to carry on their housekeeping function, and they maintain an anti-inflammatory, quiescent state, with low expression of cytokines and no phagocytic activity. Upon various stimuli (debris, ATP, misfolded proteins, aggregates and pathogens), microglia acquire a phagocytic function and overexpress cytokine gene modules. This process is generally regarded as microglia activation and implies that the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is counterbalanced by the synthesis and the release of anti-inflammatory molecules. This mechanism avoids excessive inflammatory response and inappropriate microglial activation, which causes tissue damage and brain homeostasis impairment. Once the pathogenic stimulus has been cleared, activated microglia return to the naïve, anti-inflammatory state. Upon repeated stimuli (as in the case of Aβ deposition in the early stage of AD), activated microglia shift toward a less protective, neurotoxic phenotype, known as "primed" microglia. The main characteristic of primed microglia is their lower capability to turn back toward the naïve, anti-inflammatory state, which makes these cells prone to chronic activation and favours chronic inflammation in the brain. Primed microglia have impaired defence capacity against injury and detrimental effects on the brain microenvironment. Additionally, priming has been associated with AD onset and progression and can represent a promising target for AD treatment strategies. Many factors (genetics, environmental factors, baseline inflammatory status of microglia, ageing) generate an aberrantly activated phenotype that undergoes priming easier and earlier than normally activated microglia do. Novel, promising targets for therapeutic strategies for AD have been sought in the field of microglia activation and, importantly, among those factors influencing the baseline status of these cells. The CX3CL1 pathway could be a valuable target treatment approach in AD, although preliminary findings from the studies in this field are controversial. The current review aims to summarize state of the art on the role of microglia dysfunction in AD pathogenesis and proposes biochemical pathways with possible targets for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilda Iemmolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P.Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P.Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P.Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scazzone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P.Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-1655-3296
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Shen ZJ, Fu YB, Hou JL, Lin LN, Wang XY, Li CY, Yang YX. Integrating network pharmacology, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and molecular docking to investigate the effect and mechanism of Chuanxiong Renshen decoction against Alzheimer's disease. Chin Med 2022; 17:143. [PMID: 36566207 PMCID: PMC9789652 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chuanxiong Renshen decoction (CRD) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effects and active ingredients of CRD and its mechanism have not been clarified. We aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of CRD in a triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3 × Tg-AD) and investigate the possible active ingredients and their mechanisms. METHODS Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to determine the protective effect of CRD on learning and memory ability. Afterward, we used brain tissue staining, immunofluorescent staining and western blotting to detect the neuroprotective effects of CRD. Ultraperformance liquid-chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to determine the ingredients of CRD, and the potential AD targets were obtained from DisGeNET and the GeneCards database. The protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network was built with the additional use of STRING 11.0. Metascape was used in the pathway enrichment analysis. Discovery Studio 2016 (DS) software was used to analyze the binding ability of CRD and AD-related genes. Finally, we verified the regulatory effect of CRD on the predicted core targets EGFR and CASP3 by western blotting. RESULTS Our study indicated that CRD can significantly improve learning and memory, reduce the expression of Aβ and protect neurons. A total of 95 ingredients were identified in the CRD. Then, 25 ingredients were identified in serum, and 5 ingredients were identified in the brain tissue homogenate. PPI network analysis identified CASP3, EGFR, APP, CNR1, HIF1A, PTGS2 and MTOR as hub targets. KEGG and GO analyses revealed that the TNF signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were enriched in multiple targets. The results of molecular docking proved that the binding of the ingredients with potential key targets was excellent. The western blotting results showed that CRD could significantly reduce the expression of CASP3 and EGFR in the hippocampus of 3 × Tg-AD mice. Combined with literature analysis, we assumed the neuroprotective effect of CRD on AD may occur through regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION CRD significantly alleviated injury in 3 × Tg-AD mice. The possible active ingredients are ferulic acid, rutin, ginsenoside Rg1 and panaxydol. The therapeutic effect of CRD on AD is achieved through the downregulation of CASP3 and EGFR. The neuroprotective effect of CRD on AD may occur through regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Jun Shen
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Bo Fu
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ling Hou
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Ning Lin
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yan Wang
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Yu Li
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xiao Yang
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Ghose U, Buckley NJ, Engelborghs S, Sleegers K, Frisoni GB, Wallin A, Lleó A, Popp J, Martinez-Lage P, Legido-Quigley C, Barkhof F, Zetterberg H, Visser PJ, Bertram L, Lovestone S, Nevado-Holgado AJ, Shi L. Predicting AT(N) pathologies in Alzheimer's disease from blood-based proteomic data using neural networks. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1040001. [PMID: 36523958 PMCID: PMC9746615 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1040001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Blood-based biomarkers represent a promising approach to help identify early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research has applied traditional machine learning (ML) to analyze plasma omics data and search for potential biomarkers, but the most modern ML methods based on deep learning has however been scarcely explored. In the current study, we aim to harness the power of state-of-the-art deep learning neural networks (NNs) to identify plasma proteins that predict amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (AT[N]) pathologies in AD. METHODS We measured 3,635 proteins using SOMAscan in 881 participants from the European Medical Information Framework for AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study (EMIF-AD MBD). Participants underwent measurements of brain amyloid β (Aβ) burden, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) burden, and total tau (t-tau) burden to determine their AT(N) statuses. We ranked proteins by their association with Aβ, p-tau, t-tau, and AT(N), and fed the top 100 proteins along with age and apolipoprotein E (APOE) status into NN classifiers as input features to predict these four outcomes relevant to AD. We compared NN performance of using proteins, age, and APOE genotype with performance of using age and APOE status alone to identify protein panels that optimally improved the prediction over these main risk factors. Proteins that improved the prediction for each outcome were aggregated and nominated for pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction enrichment analysis. RESULTS Age and APOE alone predicted Aβ, p-tau, t-tau, and AT(N) burden with area under the curve (AUC) scores of 0.748, 0.662, 0.710, and 0.795. The addition of proteins significantly improved AUCs to 0.782, 0.674, 0.734, and 0.831, respectively. The identified proteins were enriched in five clusters of AD-associated pathways including human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, p53 signaling pathway, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Combined with age and APOE genotype, the proteins identified have the potential to serve as blood-based biomarkers for AD and await validation in future studies. While the NNs did not achieve better scores than the support vector machine model used in our previous study, their performances were likely limited by small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Upamanyu Ghose
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Noel J. Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Neurociences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Systems Medicine Group, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- University College London (UCL) Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Janssen R&D, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
| | | | - Liu Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hwang M, Shrestha C, Kang S, Kim J. MEKK-3 Acts Cooperatively with NSY-1 in SKN-1-Dependent Manner against Oxidative Stress and Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101526. [PMID: 36290429 PMCID: PMC9598901 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species and other toxic metabolites is involved in human diseases, and it plays an important role in aging. In Caenorhabditis elegans, SKN-1 is required for protection against oxidative stress and aging. As p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is activated in response to oxidative stress, SKN-1 accumulates in intestinal nuclei and induces phase II detoxification genes. However, NSY-1, a well-known mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) of C. elegans, acts as a partial regulator of the SKN-1-induced oxidative stress signaling pathway, suggesting that the regulator for optimal activation of SKN-1 remains unknown. Here, we report a MAPKKK, MEKK-3, as a new regulator required for full activation of SKN-1-mediated resistance against oxidative stress and aging. In RNA-interference-based screening, we found that the simultaneous knockdown of mekk-3 and nsy-1 significantly decreased the oxidative stress resistance and survival of SKN-1 transgenic worms. MEKK-3 was induced in response to oxidative stress. Mechanistic analysis revealed that double knockdown of mekk-3 and nsy-1 completely suppressed the nuclear localization of SKN-1. These results were reproduced in mutant worms in which SKN-1 is constitutively localized to intestinal nuclei. In addition, mekk-3 and nsy-1 were required for optimal induction of SKN-1 target genes such as gcs-1 and trx-1. These data indicate that MEKK-3 plays an essential role in the SKN-1-dependent signaling pathway involved in oxidative stress resistance and longevity by cooperating with NSY-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Chandani Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Shinwon Kang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G, Canada
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Han N, Wen Y, Liu Z, Zhai J, Li S, Yin J. Advances in the roles and mechanisms of lignans against Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:960112. [PMID: 36313287 PMCID: PMC9596774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.960112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease associated with the memory and cognitive impairment. The occurrence of AD is due to the accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain tissue as well as the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in neurons, doing harm to the human health and even leading people to death. The development of neuroprotective drugs with small side effects and good efficacy is focused by scientists all over the world. Natural drugs extracted from herbs or plants have become the preferred resources for new candidate drugs. Lignans were reported to effectively protect nerve cells and alleviate memory impairment, suggesting that they might be a prosperous class of compounds in treating AD. Objective: To explore the roles and mechanisms of lignans in the treatment of neurological diseases, providing proofs for the development of lignans as novel anti-AD drugs. Methods: Relevant literature was extracted and retrieved from the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Elsevier, Science Direct, PubMed, SpringerLink, and Web of Science, taking lignan, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptosis, nerve regeneration, nerve protection as keywords. The functions and mechanisms of lignans against AD were summerized. Results: Lignans were found to have the effects of regulating vascular disorders, anti-infection, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, antagonizing NMDA receptor, suppressing AChE activity, improving gut microbiota, so as to strengthening nerve protection. Among them, dibenzocyclooctene lignans were most widely reported and might be the most prosperous category in the develpment of anti-AD drugs. Conclusion: Lignans displayed versatile roles and mechanisms in preventing the progression of AD in in vitro and in vivo models, supplying potential candidates for the treatment of nerrodegenerative diseases.
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Lee WS, Lee HJ, Yang JY, Shin HL, Choi SW, Kim JK, Seo WD, Kim EH. The Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Oat Seedlings against Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:4103. [PMID: 36235754 PMCID: PMC9571310 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological or dietary advantages of germinated grains have been the subject of numerous discussions over the past decade. Around 23 million tons of oats are consumed globally, making up a sizeable portion of the global grain market. Oat seedlings contain more protein, beta-glucan, free amino acids, and phenolic compounds than seeds. The progressive neurodegenerative disorder of Alzheimer's is accompanied by worsening memory and cognitive function. A key indicator of this disorder is the unusual buildup of amyloid-beta protein (or Aβ) in human brains. In this context, oat seedling extract (OSE) has been identified as a new therapeutic candidate for AD, due to its antioxidant activity and AD-specific mechanism of action. This study directly investigated how OSE affected AD and its impacts by examining the cognitive function and exploring the inflammatory response mechanism. The dried oat seedlings were grounded finely with a grinder, inserted with 50% fermented ethanol 10 times (w/v), and extracted by stirring for 10 h at 45 °C. After filtering the extract by 0.22 um filter, some of it was used for UHPLC analysis. The results indicated that the treatment with OSE protects against Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity in BV2 cells. Tg-5Xfad AD mice had strong deposition of Aβ throughout their brains, while WT mice did not exhibit any such deposition within their brains. A drastic reduction was observed in terms of numbers, as well as the size, of Aβ plaques within Tg-5Xfad AD mice exposed to OSE. This study indicated OSE's neuroprotective impacts against neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation induced by amyloid-beta. Our results suggest that OSE acts as a neuroprotective agent to combat AD-specific apoptotic cell death, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta accumulation, as well as synaptic dysfunction in AD mice's brains. Furthermore, the study indicated that OSE treatment affects JNK/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling, with considerable inhibition in p-JNK, p-p38, and p-ERK levels seen in the brain of OSE-treated Tg-5Xfad AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Hye-Lim Shin
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Korea Forest Service (KFS), Jinju 52817, Korea
| | - Sik-Won Choi
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Korea Forest Service (KFS), Jinju 52817, Korea
| | - Jong-Ki Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 55365, Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea
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Čater M, Hölter SM. A Pathophysiological Intersection of Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911562. [PMID: 36232867 PMCID: PMC9569835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is among the most prevalent diseases of the modern world and is strongly linked to an increased risk of numerous neurodegenerative disorders, although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not clear yet. Insulin resistance is a serious pathological condition, connecting type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Recently, insulin resistance has been proven to be connected also to cognitive decline and dementias, including the most prevalent form, Alzheimer's disease. The relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease regarding pathophysiology is so significant that it has been proposed that some presentations of the condition could be termed type 3 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Chair of Genetics, Animal Biotechnology and Immunology, Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Sabine M. Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Sulforaphane Upregulates Cultured Mouse Astrocytic Aquaporin-4 Expression through p38 MAPK Pathway. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:1144124. [PMID: 35991296 PMCID: PMC9385362 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1144124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and/or aggregation are common pathological features associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Abnormal protein aggregation may be caused by misfolding of the protein and/or dysfunction of the protein clearance system. Recent studies have demonstrated that the specific water channel protein, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involving protein clearance system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of sulforaphane (SFN) in the upregulation of AQP4 expression, along with its underlying mechanism using cultured mouse astrocytes as a model system. At low concentrations, SFN was found to increase cell proliferation and result in the activation of astrocytes. However, high SFN concentrations were found to suppress cell proliferation of astrocytes. In addition, our study found that a 1 μM concentration of SFN resulted in the upregulation of AQP4 expression and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in cultured mouse astrocytes. Moreover, we demonstrated that the upregulation of AQP4 expression was significantly attenuated when cells were pretreated with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings from this study revealed that SFN exerts hormesis effect on cultured mouse astrocytes and can upregulate astrocytic AQP4 expression by targeting the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Yaqub A, Mens MMJ, Klap JM, Weverling GJ, Klatser P, Brakenhoff JPJ, Roshchupkin GV, Ikram MK, Ghanbari M, Ikram MA. Genome-wide profiling of circulatory microRNAs associated with cognition and dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:1194-1203. [PMID: 35946915 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Their role in the pathophysiology of dementia and potential as biomarkers remains undetermined. METHODS We conducted a single- (one-by-one) and multi-marker (joint) analysis to identify well-expressed circulating miRNAs in plasma (total = 591) associated with general cognition and incident dementia, for 1615 participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study. RESULTS During single-marker analysis, 47 miRNAs were nominally (P ≤ .05) associated with cognition and 18 miRNAs were nominally associated with incident dementia, after adjustment for potential confounders. Three miRNAs were common between cognition and dementia (miR-4539, miR-372-3p, and miR-566), with multi-marker analysis revealing another common miRNA (miR-7106-5p). In silico analysis of these four common miRNAs led to several putative target genes expressed in the brain, highlighting the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. DISCUSSION We provide population-based evidence on the relationship between circulatory miRNAs with cognition and dementia, including four common miRNAs that may elucidate downstream mechanisms. HIGHLIGHTS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the (dys)function of the central nervous system. Four circulating miRNAs in plasma are associated with cognition and incident dementia. Several predicted target genes of these four miRNAs are expressed in the brain. These four miRNAs may be linked to pathways underlying dementia. Although miRNAs are promising biomarkers, experimental validation remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Yaqub
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle M J Mens
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaco M Klap
- World Without Disease Accelerator, Data Sciences & Prevention Biomarkers, Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Just Brakenhoff Consultancy, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jan Weverling
- World Without Disease Accelerator, Data Sciences & Prevention Biomarkers, Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Klatser
- World Without Disease Accelerator, Data Sciences & Prevention Biomarkers, Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Just P J Brakenhoff
- World Without Disease Accelerator, Data Sciences & Prevention Biomarkers, Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Just Brakenhoff Consultancy, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Gennady V Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Chanda K, Jana NR, Mukhopadhyay D. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 protects against Aβ 1-42 induced toxicity by regulating the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2 via quenching miR-200a/26a/26b in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 302:120652. [PMID: 35598655 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Altered expressions of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) and non-coding (nc) RNAs are known to regulate the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, specific understanding of the roles played, especially the mechanistic and functional roles, by long ncRNAs in AD is still elusive. Using mouse tissue qPCR assays we observe changes in the expression levels of 41 lncRNAs in AD mice of which only 7 genes happen to have both human orthologs and AD associations. Post validation of these 7 human lncRNA genes, MEG3 and MALAT1 shows consistent and significant decrease in AD cell, animal models and human AD brain tissues, but MALAT1 showed a more pronounced decrease. Using bioinformatics, qRT-PCR, RNA FISH and RIP techniques, we could establish MALAT1 as an interactor and regulator of miRs-200a, -26a and -26b, all of which are naturally elevated in AD. We could further show that these miRNAs target the RTK EPHA2 and several of its downstream effectors. Expectedly EPHA2 over expression protects against Aβ1-42 induced cytotoxicity. Transiently knocking down MALAT1 validates these unique regulatory facets of AD at the miRNA and protein levels. Although the idea of sponging of miRNAs by lncRNAs in other pathologies is gradually gaining credibility, this novel MALAT1- miR-200a/26a/26b - EPHA2 regulation mechanism in the context of AD pathophysiology promises to become a significant strategy in controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chanda
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata 700 064, India; Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States of America
| | - Nihar Ranjan Jana
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122 050, India
| | - Debashis Mukhopadhyay
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata 700 064, India.
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Yang L, Ball A, Liu J, Jain T, Li YM, Akhter F, Zhu D, Wang J. Cyclic microchip assay for measurement of hundreds of functional proteins in single neurons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3548. [PMID: 35729174 PMCID: PMC9213506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that proteins carry out nearly all cellular functions and mark the differences of cells, the existing single-cell tools can only analyze dozens of proteins, a scale far from full characterization of cells and tissue yet. Herein, we present a single-cell cyclic multiplex in situ tagging (CycMIST) technology that affords the comprehensive functional proteome profiling of single cells. We demonstrate the technology by detecting 182 proteins that include surface markers, neuron function proteins, neurodegeneration markers, signaling pathway proteins, and transcription factors. Further studies on cells derived from the 5XFAD mice, an Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) model, validate the utility of our technology and reveal the deep heterogeneity of brain cells. Through comparison with control mouse cells, we have identified differentially expressed proteins in AD pathology. Our technology could offer new insights into cell machinery and thus may advance many fields including drug discovery, molecular diagnostics, and clinical studies. Current single-cell tools are limited by the number of proteins they can analyse. Here the authors report a single-cell cyclic multiplex in situ tagging (CycMIST) method for functional proteome profiling of single cells, allowing multiple rounds of multiplexing of the same single cells on a microchip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Yang
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Avery Ball
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jesse Liu
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tanya Jain
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Programs of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Programs of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Programs of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Firoz Akhter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Demethyleneberberine, a potential therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative disorders: a proposed mechanistic insight. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10101-10113. [PMID: 35657450 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative disorders are a diverse variety of diseases that can be distinguished from developing degeneration of neurons in the CNS. Several alkaloids have shown mounting effects in neurodegenerative disorders, and berberine is one of them. Demethyleneberberine is a metabolite of berberine that has better blood-brain barrier crossing capacity. Demethyleneberberine possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and mitochondrial targeting properties. However, neither the pharmacological action nor the molecular mechanism of action of demethyleneberberine on neurodegenerative disorders has been explored yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elseveier) databases was carried out with the help of keywords like "Demethyleneberberine; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress; Neuroprotective; Neurodegenerative disorders" till date. CONCLUSION This review focus on the neuroprotective potential of demethyleneberberine in neurodegenerative disorders by attenuating different pathways, i.e., NF-κB, MAPK, and AMPK signalling.
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Chen Y, Liu K, Qin Y, Chen S, Guan G, Huang Y, Chen Y, Mo Z. Effects of Pereskia aculeate Miller Petroleum Ether Extract on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats and its Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:869810. [PMID: 35614946 PMCID: PMC9124934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.869810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of petroleum ether extract of P. aculeate Miller (PEEP) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:In vitro: The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell activity and select the optimal concentration of the extract; the effective site was screened by nitric oxide (NO) colorimetric method and Q-PCR method; the expression of p38, p-p38, p-MK2, and Tristetraprolin (TTP) in RAW 264.7 cells were detected by Western blot. In vivo: The rat model was established by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). The different doses of PEEP on CFA rats were observed with life status, paw swelling, spleen index, X-ray, Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining; the secretion of Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expressions of p38, p-p38, p-MK2, and TTP in the ankle joints of CFA rats were detected by Western blot.Result:In vitro: PEEP, Ethyl Acetate Extract of P. aculeate Miller (EEEP), N-butanol Extract of P. aculeate Miller (BEEP) have no toxic effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. PEEP, EEEP, and BEEP reduce the secretion of NO in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), only PEEP significantly inhibited the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6; PEEP-dependently reduce the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, decrease the expression of p-p38 and p-MK2, and the level of TTP phosphorylation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In vivo: PEEP improve the living conditions of CFA rats, reduce foot swelling, spleen index, bone surface erosion and joint space narrowing; reduce the formation of synovial cells, inflammatory cells and pannus in the foot and ankle joints. PEEP reduce the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2 in rat serum, downregulate the expression of p-p38 and p-MK2 in the ankle joint, and reduce the phosphorylation of TTP.Conclusion: PEEP improve the living conditions of CFA rats, reduce the degree of foot swelling, protect immune organs, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, cartilage damage, pannus formation, reduce inflammation and RA damage. The mechanism through regulating the signal pathway of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK), which reduces the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2 in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Kaifei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yingyuan Qin
- Nephrology, Guilin TCM Hospital of China, Guilin, China
| | - Suyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Guokai Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Chen, ; Zhixian Mo,
| | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Chen, ; Zhixian Mo,
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Bathini M, Raghushaker CR, Mahato KK. The Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Photobiomodulation Against Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022. [PMID: 33301129 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01016-9,33301129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases might be slow but relentless, as we continue to fail in treating or delaying their progression. Given the complexity in the pathogenesis of these diseases, a broad-acting approach like photobiomodulation can prove promising. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits, working by stimulating growth and proliferation. The implications of photobiomodulation have been studied in several neurodegenerative disease models. It has been shown to improve cell survival, decrease apoptosis, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and rescue mitochondrial function. In in vivo models, it has reportedly preserved motor and cognitive skills. Beyond mitochondrial stimulation, the molecular mechanisms by which photobiomodulation protects against neurodegeneration have not been very well studied. This review has systematically been undertaken to study the effects of photobiomodulation at a molecular level and identify the different biochemical pathways and molecular changes in the process. The data showed the involvement of pathways like extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B (Akt). In addition, the expression of several genes and proteins playing different roles in the disease mechanisms was found to be influenced by PBM, such as neurotrophic factors and secretases. Studying the literature indicated that PBM can be translated to a potential therapeutic tool, acting through a spectrum of mechanisms that work together to decelerate disease progression in the organism, which is difficult to achieve through pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukha Bathini
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chandavalli Ramappa Raghushaker
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Bajaj S, Zameer S, Jain S, Yadav V, Vohora D. Effect of the MAGL/FAAH Dual Inhibitor JZL-195 on Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-like Sporadic Dementia in Mice with an Emphasis on Aβ, HSP-70, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:920-932. [PMID: 35316021 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is identified by pathological hallmarks such as intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular amyloid β plaques. Several hypotheses exist to define the neurodegeneration including microglial activation associated with neuroinflammatory processes. Recently, pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid (eCB)-degrading enzymes, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), is being investigated to modulate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. While MAGL inhibitors upregulate 2-acyl glycerol (2-AG) levels and reduce neuroinflammation, FAAH inhibitors elevate anandamide (AEA) levels and prevent the degradation of HSP-70, thereby preventing the phosphorylation of tau protein and formation of NFTs in neural cells. We investigated the possible neuroprotective potential of the dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitor JZL-195 (20 mg/kg) against ICV-STZ-induced sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) in Swiss albino mice using donepezil (5 mg/kg) as the standard. The protective effects of JZL-195 were observed by the reversal of altered levels of Aβ1-42, HSP-70, neuroinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers. However, JZL-195 expressed no cognitive improvement when assessed by spontaneous alternation behavior and Morris water maze tests and no effects on the AChE enzyme level in the hippocampal tissues of mice. Therefore, the findings of the present study indicate that although JZL-195 exhibited no improvement in cognitive deficits associated with sporadic Alzheimer's disease, it displayed significant reversal of the biochemical anomalies, thereby suggesting its therapeutic potential against the sporadic Alzheimer's disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshu Bajaj
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacological Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saima Zameer
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacological Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shreshta Jain
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacological Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Vaishali Yadav
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacological Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacological Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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46
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Xi Y, Chen Y, Jin Y, Han G, Song M, Song T, Shi Y, Tao L, Huang Z, Zhou J, Ding Y, Zhang H. Versatile nanomaterials for Alzheimer's disease: Pathogenesis inspired disease-modifying therapy. J Control Release 2022; 345:38-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recent developments in studying mechanisms by which the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele affects the metabolism of brain lipids and predisposes the brain to inflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. RECENT FINDINGS APOE4 activates Ca2+ dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) leading to changes in arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid signaling cascades in the brain. Among these changes, the increased conversion of AA to eicosanoids associates with sustained and unresolved chronic brain inflammation. The effects of APOE4 on the brain differ by age, disease stage, nutritional status and can be uncovered by brain imaging studies of brain fatty acid uptake. Reducing cPLA2 expression in the dementia brain presents a viable strategy that awaits to be tested. SUMMARY Fatty acid brain imaging techniques can clarify how changes to brain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism during the various phases of AD and guide the development of small molecules to mitigate brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Ebright
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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48
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Brown DG, Wobst HJ. A survey of the clinical pipeline in neuroscience. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 56:128482. [PMID: 34864194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Many new first-in-class drugs for neuroscience indications have been introduced in the past decade including new treatments for migraine, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, and multiple sclerosis. However, significant unmet patient needs remain in areas such as chronic pain, neurodegeneration, psychiatric diseases, and epilepsy. This review summarizes some of the advanced clinical compounds for these indications. Additionally, current opportunities and challenges that remain with respect to genetic validation, biomarkers, and translational models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Brown
- Jnana Therapeutics, 6 Tide St, MA 02210, United States.
| | - Heike J Wobst
- Jnana Therapeutics, 6 Tide St, MA 02210, United States
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49
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George DE, Tepe JJ. Advances in Proteasome Enhancement by Small Molecules. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1789. [PMID: 34944433 PMCID: PMC8699248 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome system is a large and complex molecular machinery responsible for the degradation of misfolded, damaged, and redundant cellular proteins. When proteasome function is impaired, unwanted proteins accumulate, which can lead to several diseases including age-related and neurodegenerative diseases. Enhancing proteasome-mediated substrate degradation with small molecules may therefore be a valuable strategy for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review, we discuss the structure of proteasome and how proteasome's proteolytic activity is associated with aging and various neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize various classes of compounds that are capable of enhancing, directly or indirectly, proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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50
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Chen L, Shen Q, Xu S, Yu H, Pei S, Zhang Y, He X, Wang Q, Li D. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Signatures in Circulating Cell-Free DNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:573-585. [PMID: 34864677 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an epigenetic DNA modification that is highly abundant in central nervous system. It has been reported that DNA 5hmC dysregulation play a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Changes in 5hmC signatures can be detected in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which has shown potential as a non-invasive liquid biopsy material. OBJECTIVE However, the genome-wide profiling of 5hmC in cfDNA and its potential for the diagnosis of AD has not been reported to date. METHODS We carried out a case-control study and used a genome-wide chemical capture followed by high-throughput sequencing to detect the genome-wide profiles of 5hmC in human cfDNA and identified differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) in late-onset AD patients and the control. RESULTS We discovered significant differences of 5hmC enrichment in gene bodies which were linked to multiple AD pathogenesis-associated signaling pathways in AD patients compared with cognitively normal controls, indicating they can be well distinguished from normal controls by DhMRs in cfDNA. Specially, we identified 7 distinct genes (RABEP1, CPNE4, DNAJC15, REEP3, ROR1, CAMK1D, and RBFOX1) with predicting diagnostic potential based on their significant correlations with MMSE and MoCA scores of subjects. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that 5hmC markers derived from plasma cfDNA can served as an effective, minimally invasive biomarkers for clinical auxiliary diagnosis of late-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shunliang Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongzhuan Yu
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Shengjie Pei
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangting Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - QiuZhen Wang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Public health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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