1
|
Diabetes Mellitus and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060867. [PMID: 34200812 PMCID: PMC8230511 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder which affects the motor neurons. Growing evidence suggests that ALS may impact the metabolic system, including the glucose metabolism. Several studies investigated the role of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as risk and/or prognostic factor. However, a clear correlation between DM and ALS has not been defined. In this review, we focus on the role of DM in ALS, examining the different hypotheses on how perturbations of glucose metabolism may interact with the pathophysiology and the course of ALS. METHODS We undertook an independent PubMed literature search, using the following search terms: ((ALS) OR (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) OR (Motor Neuron Disease)) AND ((Diabetes) OR (Glucose Intolerance) OR (Hyperglycemia)). Review and original articles were considered. RESULTS DM appears not to affect ALS severity, progression, and survival. Contrasting data suggested a protective role of DM on the occurrence of ALS in elderly and an opposite effect in younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS The actual clinical and pathophysiological correlation between DM and ALS is unclear. Large longitudinal prospective studies are needed. Achieving large sample sizes comparable to those of common complex diseases like DM is a challenge for a rare disease like ALS. Collaborative efforts could overcome this specific issue.
Collapse
|
2
|
Spalloni A, Caioli S, Bonomi E, Zona C, Buratti E, Alberici A, Borroni B, Longone P. Cerebrospinal fluid from frontotemporal dementia patients is toxic to neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166122. [PMID: 33713790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions. Currently, no effective treatment exists. We have studied cytotoxicity and neuronal functionality in cortical and spinal cord cultures upon exposure to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 39 FTD patients. FTD-CSF alters the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in the cortical cultures and it is toxic to spinal cord cultures, particularly to GABAergic+ and calbindin-D28k + neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alida Spalloni
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Caioli
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Bonomi
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Zona
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Longone
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clinical and Electrophysiological Hints to TMS in De Novo Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J Pers Med 2020. [PMID: 33322688 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040274.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can non-invasively probe cortical excitability in movement disorders, although clinical significance is still controversial, especially at early stages. We compare single-pulse TMS in two prototypic synucleinopathy and tauopathy-i.e., Parkinson's disease (PD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), respectively-to find neurophysiological differences and identify early measures associated with cognitive impairment. METHODS 28 PD and 23 PSP de novo patients were age-matched with 28 healthy controls, all right-handed and drug-free. Amplitude and latency of motor evoked potentials (MEP), central motor conduction time, resting motor threshold (rMT), and cortical silent period (CSP) were recorded through a figure-of-eight coil from the First Dorsal Interosseous muscle (FDI), bilaterally. RESULTS Mini Mental Examination and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scored worse in PSP; PD had worse FAB than controls. Higher MEP amplitude from right FDI in PD and PSP than controls was found, without difference between them. CSP was bilaterally longer in patients than controls, but similar between patient groups. A positive correlation between FAB and rMT was observed in PSP, bilaterally. CONCLUSIONS Despite the small sample size, PD and PSP might share, at early stage, a similar global electrocortical asset. rMT might detect and possibly predict cognitive deterioration in PSP.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fisicaro F, Lanza G, Cantone M, Ferri R, Pennisi G, Nicoletti A, Zappia M, Bella R, Pennisi M. Clinical and Electrophysiological Hints to TMS in De Novo Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040274. [PMID: 33322688 PMCID: PMC7768400 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can non-invasively probe cortical excitability in movement disorders, although clinical significance is still controversial, especially at early stages. We compare single-pulse TMS in two prototypic synucleinopathy and tauopathy-i.e., Parkinson's disease (PD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), respectively-to find neurophysiological differences and identify early measures associated with cognitive impairment. METHODS 28 PD and 23 PSP de novo patients were age-matched with 28 healthy controls, all right-handed and drug-free. Amplitude and latency of motor evoked potentials (MEP), central motor conduction time, resting motor threshold (rMT), and cortical silent period (CSP) were recorded through a figure-of-eight coil from the First Dorsal Interosseous muscle (FDI), bilaterally. RESULTS Mini Mental Examination and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scored worse in PSP; PD had worse FAB than controls. Higher MEP amplitude from right FDI in PD and PSP than controls was found, without difference between them. CSP was bilaterally longer in patients than controls, but similar between patient groups. A positive correlation between FAB and rMT was observed in PSP, bilaterally. CONCLUSIONS Despite the small sample size, PD and PSP might share, at early stage, a similar global electrocortical asset. rMT might detect and possibly predict cognitive deterioration in PSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fisicaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy; (F.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero, 73-94018 Troina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-3782448
| | - Mariagiovanna Cantone
- Department of Neurology, Sant’Elia Hospital, ASP Caltanissetta, Via Luigi Russo, 6-93100 Caltanissetta, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero, 73-94018 Troina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pennisi
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Nicoletti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87-95123 Catania, Italy; (A.N.); (M.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87-95123 Catania, Italy; (A.N.); (M.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Rita Bella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87-95123 Catania, Italy; (A.N.); (M.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95123 Catania, Italy; (F.F.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Figueroa‐Romero C, Mikhail KA, Gennings C, Curtin P, Bello GA, Botero TM, Goutman SA, Feldman EL, Arora M, Austin C. Early life metal dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:872-882. [PMID: 32438517 PMCID: PMC7318091 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficiencies and excess of essential elements and toxic metals are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the age when metal dysregulation appears remains unknown. This study aims to determine whether metal uptake is dysregulated during childhood in individuals eventually diagnosed with ALS. METHODS Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to obtain time series data of metal uptake using biomarkers in teeth from autopsies or dental extractions of ALS (n = 36) and control (n = 31) participants. Covariate data included sex, smoking, occupational exposures, and ALS family history. Case-control differences were identified in temporal profiles of metal uptake for individual metals using distributed lag models. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used for metals mixture analyses. Similar analyses were performed on an ALS mouse model to further verify the relevance of dysregulation of metals in ALS. RESULTS Metal levels were higher in cases than in controls: 1.49 times for chromium (1.11-1.82; at 15 years), 1.82 times for manganese (1.34-2.46; at birth), 1.65 times for nickel (1.22-2.01; at 8 years), 2.46 times for tin (1.65-3.30; at 2 years), and 2.46 times for zinc (1.49-3.67; at 6 years). Co-exposure to 11 elements indicated that childhood metal dysregulation was associated with ALS. The mixture contribution of metals to disease outcome was likewise apparent in tooth biomarkers of an ALS mouse model, and differences in metal distribution were evident in ALS mouse brains compared to brains from littermate controls. INTERPRETATION Overall, our study reveals direct evidence that altered metal uptake during specific early life time windows is associated with adult-onset ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ghalib A. Bello
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Tatiana M. Botero
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and EndodonticsSchool of Dentistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | | | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Senator Frank Lautenberg Laboratory for Environmental Health SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chakraborty A, Murphy S, Coleman N. The Role of NMDA Receptors in Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:798-807. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suzanne Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalia Coleman
- Biology, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zufiría M, Gil-Bea FJ, Fernández-Torrón R, Poza JJ, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Rojas-García R, Riancho J, López de Munain A. ALS: A bucket of genes, environment, metabolism and unknown ingredients. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:104-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
8
|
Spalloni A, Longone P. Cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, clues from the SOD1 mouse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 60:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
9
|
Irvin CW, Kim RB, Mitchell CS. Seeking homeostasis: temporal trends in respiration, oxidation, and calcium in SOD1 G93A Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:248. [PMID: 26190973 PMCID: PMC4486844 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in mitochondria, oxidative regulation, and calcium homeostasis have been well documented in numerous Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) experimental models, especially in the superoxide dismutase 1 glycine 93 to alanine (SOD1 G93A) transgenic mouse. However, the timing of these deficiencies has been debatable. In a systematic review of 45 articles, we examine experimental measurements of cellular respiration, mitochondrial mechanisms, oxidative markers, and calcium regulation. We evaluate the quantitative magnitude and statistical temporal trend of these aggregated assessments in high transgene copy SOD1 G93A mice compared to wild type mice. Analysis of overall trends reveals cellular respiration, intracellular adenosine triphosphate, and corresponding mitochondrial elements (Cox, cytochrome c, complex I, enzyme activity) are depressed for the entire lifespan of the SOD1 G93A mouse. Oxidant markers (H2O2, 8OH2'dG, MDA) are initially similar to wild type but are double that of wild type by the time of symptom onset despite early post-natal elevation of protective heat shock proteins. All aspects of calcium regulation show early disturbances, although a notable and likely compensatory convergence to near wild type levels appears to occur between 40 and 80 days (pre-onset), followed by a post-onset elevation in intracellular calcium. The identified temporal trends and compensatory fluctuations provide evidence that the "cause" of ALS may lay within failed homeostatic regulation, itself, rather than any one particular perturbing event or cellular mechanism. We discuss the vulnerabilities of motoneurons to regulatory instability and possible hypotheses regarding failed regulation and its potential treatment in ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W Irvin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology - Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Renaid B Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology - Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Cassie S Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology - Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim RB, Irvin CW, Tilva KR, Mitchell CS. State of the field: An informatics-based systematic review of the SOD1-G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic mouse model. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2015; 17:1-14. [PMID: 25998063 PMCID: PMC4724331 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1047455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous sub-cellular through system-level disturbances have been identified in over 1300 articles examining the superoxide dismutase-1 guanine 93 to alanine (SOD1-G93A) transgenic mouse amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathophysiology. Manual assessment of such a broad literature base is daunting. We performed a comprehensive informatics-based systematic review or 'field analysis' to agnostically compute and map the current state of the field. Text mining of recaptured articles was used to quantify published data topic breadth and frequency. We constructed a nine-category pathophysiological function-based ontology to systematically organize and quantify the field's primary data. Results demonstrated that the distribution of primary research belonging to each category is: systemic measures an motor function, 59%; inflammation, 46%; cellular energetics, 37%; proteomics, 31%; neural excitability, 22%; apoptosis, 20%; oxidative stress, 18%; aberrant cellular chemistry, 14%; axonal transport, 10%. We constructed a SOD1-G93A field map that visually illustrates and categorizes the 85% most frequently assessed sub-topics. Finally, we present the literature-cited significance of frequently published terms and uncover thinly investigated areas. In conclusion, most articles individually examine at least two categories, which is indicative of the numerous underlying pathophysiological interrelationships. An essential future path is examination of cross-category pathophysiological interrelationships and their co-correspondence to homeostatic regulation and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renaid B Kim
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Cameron W Irvin
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Keval R Tilva
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Cassie S Mitchell
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DeGrado TR, Pandey MK, Byrne JF, Engelbrecht HP, Jiang H, Packard AB, Thomas KA, Jacobson MS, Curran GL, Lowe VJ. Preparation and preliminary evaluation of 63Zn-zinc citrate as a novel PET imaging biomarker for zinc. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1348-54. [PMID: 25047329 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.141218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abnormalities of zinc homeostasis are indicated in many human diseases. A noninvasive imaging method for monitoring zinc in the body would be useful to understand zinc dynamics in health and disease. To provide a PET imaging agent for zinc, we have investigated production of (63)Zn (half-life, 38.5 min) via the (63)Cu(p,n)(63)Zn reaction using isotopically enriched solutions of (63)Cu-copper nitrate. A solution target was used for rapid isolation of the (63)Zn radioisotope from the parent (63)Cu ions. Initial biologic evaluation was performed by biodistribution and PET imaging in normal mice. METHODS To produce (63)Zn, solutions of (63)Cu-copper nitrate in dilute nitric acid were irradiated by 14-MeV protons in a low-energy cyclotron. An automated module was used to purify (63)Zn from (63)Cu in the target solution. The (63)Cu-(63)Zn mixture was trapped on a cation-exchange resin and rinsed with water, and the (63)Zn was eluted using 0.05 N HCl in 90% acetone. The resulting solution was neutralized with NaHCO3, and the (63)Zn was then trapped on a carboxymethyl cartridge, washed with water, and eluted with isotonic 4% sodium citrate. Standard quality control tests were performed on the product according to current good manufacturing practice, including radionuclidic identity and purity, and measurement of nonradioactive Zn(+2), Cu(+2), Fe(+3), and Ni(+2) by ion-chromatography high-performance liquid chromatography. Biodistribution and PET imaging studies were performed in B6.SJL mice after intravenous administration of (63)Zn-zinc citrate. (63)Cu target material was recycled by eluting the initial resin with 4N HNO3. RESULTS Yields of 1.07 ± 0.22 GBq (uncorrected at 30-36 min after end of bombardment) of (63)Zn-zinc citrate were obtained with a 1.23 M (63)Cu-copper nitrate solution. Radionuclidic purity was greater than 99.9%, with copper content lower than 3 μg/batch. Specific activities were 41.2 ± 18.1 MBq/μg (uncorrected) for the (63)Zn product. PET and biodistribution studies in mice at 60 min showed expected high uptake in the pancreas (standard uptake value, 8.8 ± 3.2), liver (6.0 ± 1.9), upper intestine (4.7 ± 2.1), and kidney (4.2 ± 1.3). CONCLUSION A practical and current good manufacturing practice-compliant preparation of radionuclidically pure (63)Zn-zinc citrate has been developed that will enable PET imaging studies in animal and human studies. (63)Zn-zinc citrate showed the expected biodistribution in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F Byrne
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Huailei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alan B Packard
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin A Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Curcumin inhibits the increase of labile zinc and the expression of inflammatory cytokines after traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. J Surg Res 2014; 187:646-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Trojsi F, Monsurrò MR, Tedeschi G. Exposure to environmental toxicants and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: state of the art and research perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15286-311. [PMID: 23887652 PMCID: PMC3759860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a broad scientific consensus that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neuromuscular disease, is caused by gene--environment interactions. In fact, given that only about 10% of all ALS diagnosis has a genetic basis, gene-environmental interaction may give account for the remaining percentage of cases. However, relatively little attention has been paid to environmental and lifestyle factors that may trigger the cascade of motor neuron degeneration leading to ALS, although exposure to chemicals--including lead and pesticides-agricultural environments, smoking, intense physical activity, trauma and electromagnetic fields have been associated with an increased risk of ALS. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of potential toxic etiologies of ALS with emphasis on the role of cyanobacteria, heavy metals and pesticides as potential risk factors for developing ALS. We will summarize the most recent evidence from epidemiological studies and experimental findings from animal and cellular models, revealing that potential causal links between environmental toxicants and ALS pathogenesis have not been fully ascertained, thus justifying the need for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy; E-Mails: (M.R.M.); (G.T.)
- Neurological Institute for Diagnosis and Care “Hermitage Capodimonte”, Via Cupa delle Tozzole 2, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Monsurrò
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy; E-Mails: (M.R.M.); (G.T.)
- Neurological Institute for Diagnosis and Care “Hermitage Capodimonte”, Via Cupa delle Tozzole 2, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, Naples 80138, Italy; E-Mails: (M.R.M.); (G.T.)
- Neurological Institute for Diagnosis and Care “Hermitage Capodimonte”, Via Cupa delle Tozzole 2, Naples 80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tokuda E, Okawa E, Watanabe S, Ono SI, Marklund SL. Dysregulation of intracellular copper homeostasis is common to transgenic mice expressing human mutant superoxide dismutase-1s regardless of their copper-binding abilities. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:308-19. [PMID: 23321002 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 170 mutations in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The properties of SOD1 mutants differ considerably including copper-binding abilities. Nevertheless, they cause the same disease phenotype, suggesting a common neurotoxic pathway. We have previously reported that copper homeostasis is disturbed in spinal cords of SOD1(G93A) mice. However, it is unknown whether copper dyshomeostasis is induced by other SOD1 mutants. Using the additional mouse strains SOD1(G127insTGGG), SOD1(G85R), and SOD1(D90A), which express SOD1 mutants with different copper-binding abilities, we show that copper dyshomeostasis is common to SOD1 mutants. The SOD1 mutants shifted the copper trafficking systems toward copper accumulation in spinal cords of the mice. Copper contents bound to the SOD1 active site varied considerably between SOD1 mutants. Still, copper bound to other ligands in the spinal cord were markedly increased in all. Zinc was also increased, whereas there were no changes in magnesium, calcium, aluminum, manganese and iron. Further support for a role of copper dyshomeostasis in ALS was gained from results of pharmacological intervention. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), a copper chelating agent, prolonged survival and slowed the disease progression of SOD1(G93A) mice, even when the treatment was started after the disease onset. TTM markedly attenuated pathology, including the loss of motor neurons and axons, and atrophy of skeletal muscles. Additionally, TTM decreased amounts of SOD1 aggregates. We propose that pharmacological agents that are capable of modulating copper dyshomeostasis, such as TTM, might be beneficial for the treatment of ALS caused by SOD1 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Tokuda
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Building 6M, Umeå, SE 901 85, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spalloni A, Nutini M, Longone P. Role of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors complex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012. [PMID: 23200922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset neurodegenerative disease pathologically characterized by the massive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem and cerebral cortex. There is a consensus in the field that ALS is a multifactorial pathology and a number of possible mechanisms have been suggested. Among the proposed hypothesis, glutamate toxicity has been one of the most investigated. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor mediated cell death and impairment of the glutamate-transport system have been suggested to play a central role in the glutamate-mediated motor neuron degeneration. In this context, the role played by the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has received considerable less attention notwithstanding its high Ca(2+) permeability, expression in motor neurons and its importance in excitotoxicity. This review overviews the critical role of NMDA-mediated toxicity in ALS, with a particular emphasis on the endogenous modulators of the NMDAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alida Spalloni
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Experimental Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
da Silva-Júnior FP, Lucato LT, Machado AAC, Barbosa ER. Copper deficiency in Wilson's disease: an avoidable complication of treatment. Mov Disord 2011; 26:2448-9; author reply 2449-50. [PMID: 21956703 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
17
|
Kobayashi H, Abe K, Matsuura T, Ikeda Y, Hitomi T, Akechi Y, Habu T, Liu W, Okuda H, Koizumi A. Expansion of intronic GGCCTG hexanucleotide repeat in NOP56 causes SCA36, a type of spinocerebellar ataxia accompanied by motor neuron involvement. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:121-30. [PMID: 21683323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we performed genetic analysis of a unique form of SCA (SCA36) that is accompanied by motor neuron involvement. Genome-wide linkage analysis and subsequent fine mapping for three unrelated Japanese families in a cohort of SCA cases, in whom molecular diagnosis had never been performed, mapped the disease locus to the region of a 1.8 Mb stretch (LOD score of 4.60) on 20p13 (D20S906-D20S193) harboring 37 genes with definitive open reading frames. We sequenced 33 of these and observed a large expansion of an intronic GGCCTG hexanucleotide repeat in NOP56 and an unregistered missense variant (Phe265Leu) in C20orf194, but we found no mutations in PDYN and TGM6. The expansion showed complete segregation with the SCA phenotype in family studies, whereas Phe265Leu in C20orf194 did not. Screening of the expansions in the SCA cohort cases revealed four additional occurrences, but none were revealed in the cohort of 27 Alzheimer disease cases, 154 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases, or 300 controls. In total, nine unrelated cases were found in 251 cohort SCA patients (3.6%). A founder haplotype was confirmed in these cases. RNA foci formation was detected in lymphoblastoid cells from affected subjects by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Double staining and gel-shift assay showed that (GGCCUG)n binds the RNA-binding protein SRSF2 but that (CUG)(6) does not. In addition, transcription of MIR1292, a neighboring miRNA, was significantly decreased in lymphoblastoid cells of SCA patients. Our finding suggests that SCA36 is caused by hexanucleotide repeat expansions through RNA gain of function.
Collapse
|
18
|
Conte A, Belvisi D, Bologna M, Ottaviani D, Fabbrini G, Colosimo C, Williams DR, Berardelli A. Abnormal Cortical Synaptic Plasticity in Primary Motor Area in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Cereb Cortex 2011; 22:693-700. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|