1
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Eser P, Kocabicak E, Bekar A, Temel Y. The interplay between neuroinflammatory pathways and Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114644. [PMID: 38061555 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder predominantly affecting elderly, is marked by the gradual degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, culminating in neuronal loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and dopamine depletion. At the molecular level, neuronal loss in the SNpc has been attributed to factors including neuroinflammation, impaired protein homeostasis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting oxidative stress. This review focuses on the interplay between neuroinflammatory pathways and Parkinson's disease, drawing insights from current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Eser
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ersoy Kocabicak
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Health Practise and Research Hospital, Neuromodulation Center, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bekar
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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2
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Zhang YY, Li XS, Ren KD, Peng J, Luo XJ. Restoration of metal homeostasis: a potential strategy against neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101931. [PMID: 37031723 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal homeostasis is critical to normal neurophysiological activity. Metal ions are involved in the development, metabolism, redox and neurotransmitter transmission of the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, disturbance of homeostasis (such as metal deficiency or excess) can result in serious consequences, including neurooxidative stress, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and nerve cell death. The uptake, transport and metabolism of metal ions are highly regulated by ion channels. There is growing evidence that metal ion disorders and/or the dysfunction of ion channels contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, metal homeostasis-related signaling pathways are emerging as promising therapeutic targets for diverse neurological diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in the studies regarding the physiological and pathophysiological functions of metal ions and their channels, as well as their role in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, currently available metal ion modulators and in vivo quantitative metal ion imaging methods are also discussed. Current work provides certain recommendations based on literatures and in-depth reflections to improve neurodegenerative diseases. Future studies should turn to crosstalk and interactions between different metal ions and their channels. Concomitant pharmacological interventions for two or more metal signaling pathways may offer clinical advantages in treating the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013,China
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013,China.
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3
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Rodrigues T, Piccirillo S, Magi S, Preziuso A, Dos Santos Ramos V, Serfilippi T, Orciani M, Maciel Palacio Alvarez M, Luis Dos Santos Tersariol I, Amoroso S, Lariccia V. Control of Ca 2+ and metabolic homeostasis by the Na +/Ca 2+ exchangers (NCXs) in health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115163. [PMID: 35803319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal control of calcium (Ca2+) levels is essential for the background rhythms and responses of living cells to environmental stimuli. Whatever other regulators a given cellular activity may have, localized and wider scale Ca2+ events (sparks, transients, and waves) are hierarchical determinants of fundamental processes such as cell contraction, excitability, growth, metabolism and survival. Different cell types express specific channels, pumps and exchangers to efficiently generate and adapt Ca2+ patterns to cell requirements. The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) in particular contribute to Ca2+ homeostasis by buffering intracellular Ca2+ loads according to the electrochemical gradients of substrate ions - i.e., Ca2+ and sodium (Na+) - and under a dynamic control of redundant regulatory processes. An interesting feature of NCX emerges from the strict relationship that connects transporter activity with cell metabolism: on the one hand NCX operates under constant control of ATP-dependent regulatory processes, on the other hand the ion fluxes generated through NCX provide mechanistic support for the Na+-driven uptake of glutamate and Ca2+ influx to fuel mitochondrial respiration. Proof of concept evidence highlights therapeutic potential of preserving a timed and balanced NCX activity in a growing rate of diseases (including excitability, neurodegenerative, and proliferative disorders) because of an improved ability of stressed cells to safely maintain ion gradients and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Here, we will summarize and review recent works that have focused on the pathophysiological roles of NCXs in balancing the two-way relationship between Ca2+ signals and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vyctória Dos Santos Ramos
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biochemistry Investigation (CIIB), University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiziano Serfilippi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Monia Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Histology, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marcela Maciel Palacio Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp) São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
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Neuroprotective Effects of the DPP4 Inhibitor Vildagliptin in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042388. [PMID: 35216503 PMCID: PMC8877991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the midbrain. Restoration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD. Because currently used PD therapeutics only help relieve motor symptoms and do not treat the cause of the disease, highly effective drugs are needed. Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug with various pharmacological properties including neuroprotective effects. However, the detailed effects of vildagliptin against PD are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of vildagliptin on PD and its underlying molecular mechanisms using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model and a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity model. Vildagliptin (50 mg/kg) administration significantly attenuated MPTP-induced motor deficits as evidenced by rotarod, pole, and nest building tests. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed that vildagliptin increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the SNpc and striatum, which was reduced by MPTP treatment. Furthermore, vildagliptin activated MPTP-decreased PI3k/Akt and mitigated MPTP-increased ERK and JNK signaling pathways in the striatum. Consistent with signaling transduction in the mouse striatum, vildagliptin reversed MPP+-induced dephosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, vildagliptin attenuated MPP+-induced conversion of LC3B-II in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting its role in autophagy inhibition. Taken together, these findings indicate that vildagliptin has protective effects against MPTP-induced motor dysfunction by inhibiting dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis, which is associated with regulation of PI3k/Akt, ERK, and JNK signaling transduction. Our findings suggest vildagliptin as a promising repurposing drug to treat PD.
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5
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Song S, Luo L, Sun B, Sun D. Roles of glial ion transporters in brain diseases. Glia 2019; 68:472-494. [PMID: 31418931 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glial ion transporters are important in regulation of ionic homeostasis, cell volume, and cellular signal transduction under physiological conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). In response to acute or chronic brain injuries, these ion transporters can be activated and differentially regulate glial functions, which has subsequent impact on brain injury or tissue repair and functional recovery. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about major glial ion transporters, including Na+ /H+ exchangers (NHE), Na+ /Ca2+ exchangers (NCX), Na+ -K+ -Cl- cotransporters (NKCC), and Na+ -HCO3 - cotransporters (NBC). In acute neurological diseases, such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), these ion transporters are rapidly activated and play significant roles in regulation of the intra- and extracellular pH, Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, and myelin formation. However, overstimulation of these ion transporters can contribute to glial apoptosis, demyelination, inflammation, and excitotoxicity. In chronic brain diseases, such as glioma, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), glial ion transporters are involved in the glioma Warburg effect, glial activation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damages. These findings suggest that glial ion transporters are involved in tissue structural and functional restoration, or brain injury and neurological disease development and progression. A better understanding of these ion transporters in acute and chronic neurological diseases will provide insights for their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lanxin Luo
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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6
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Iguchi K, Saotome M, Yamashita K, Hasan P, Sasaki M, Maekawa Y, Watanabe Y. Pinacidil, a KATP channel opener, stimulates cardiac Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger function through the NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway in guinea pig cardiac ventricular myocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:949-959. [PMID: 30919008 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pinacidil, a nonselective ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel opener, has cardioprotective effects for hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and arrhythmia. This agent abolishes early afterdepolarizations, delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), and abnormal automaticity in canine cardiac ventricular myocytes. DADs are well known to be caused by the Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INCX). In this study, we used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and Fura-2/AM (Ca2+-indicator) method to investigate the effect of pinacidil on INCX in isolated guinea pig cardiac ventricular myocytes. In the patch-clamp study, pinacidil enhanced INCX in a concentration-dependent manner. The half-maximal effective concentration values were 23.5 and 23.0 μM for the Ca2+ entry (outward) and Ca2+ exit (inward) components of INCX, respectively. The pinacidil-induced INCX increase was blocked by L-NAME, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, by ODQ, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, and by KT5823, a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor, but not by N-2-mercaptopropyonyl glycine (MPG), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Glibenclamide, a nonselective KATP channel inhibitor, blocked the pinacidil-induced INCX increase, while 5-HD, a selective mitochondria KATP channel inhibitor, did not. In the Fura-2/AM study pinacidil also enhanced intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which was inhibited by L-NAME, ODQ, KT5823, and glibenclamide, but not by MPG and 5-HD. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, increased further the pinacidil-induced INCX increase. Sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, also increased INCX. In conclusion, pinacidil may stimulate cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) by opening plasma membrane KATP channels and activating the NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Iguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.,Division of Pharmacological Science, Department of Health Science, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masao Saotome
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kanna Yamashita
- Division of Pharmacological Science, Department of Health Science, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Prottoy Hasan
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sasaki
- Division of Pharmacological Science, Department of Health Science, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Maekawa
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Watanabe
- Division of Pharmacological Science, Department of Health Science, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
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7
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Selective inhibition of mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger protects striatal neurons from α-synuclein plus rotenone induced toxicity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:80. [PMID: 30692508 PMCID: PMC6349907 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and exposure to environmental toxins are risk factors that may both concur to Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. Electrophysiological recordings of field postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and Ca2+ measures in striatal brain slices and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells showed that co-application of α-syn and the neurotoxic pesticide rotenone (Rot) induced Ca2+ dysregulation and alteration of both synaptic transmission and cell function. Interestingly, the presence of the mitochondrial NCX inhibitor CGP-37157 prevented these alterations. The specific involvement of the mitochondrial NCX was confirmed by the inability of the plasma membrane inhibitor SN-6 to counteract such phenomenon. Of note, using a siRNA approach, we found that NCX1 was the isoform specifically involved. These findings suggested that NCX1, operating on the mitochondrial membrane, may have a critical role in the maintenance of ionic Ca2+ homeostasis in PD and that its inhibition most likely exerts a protective effect in the toxicity induced by α-syn and Rot.
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8
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NCX1 and NCX3 as potential factors contributing to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the A53T transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:725. [PMID: 29941946 PMCID: PMC6018508 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) isoforms constitute the major cellular Ca2+ extruding system in neurons and microglia. We herein investigated the role of NCX isoforms in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Their expression and activity were evaluated in neurons and glia of mice expressing the human A53T variant of α-synuclein (A53T mice), an animal model mimicking a familial form of PD. Western blotting revealed that NCX3 expression in the midbrain of 12-month old A53T mice was lower than that of wild type (WT). Conversely, NCX1 expression increased in the striatum. Immunohistochemical studies showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astroglial cells significantly increased in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and in the striatum. However, the number and the density of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons decreased in both brain regions. Interestingly, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1)-positive microglial cells increased only in the striatum of A53T mice compared to WT. Double immunostaining studies showed that in A53T mice, NCX1 was exclusively co-expressed in IBA-1-positive microglial cells in the striatum, whereas NCX3 was solely co-expressed in TH-positive neurons in SNc. Beam walking and pole tests revealed a reduction in motor performance for A53T mice compared to WT. In vitro experiments in midbrain neurons from A53T and WT mice demonstrated a reduction in NCX3 expression, which was accompanied by mitochondrial overload of Ca2+ ions, monitored with confocal microscopy by X-Rhod-1 fluorescent dye. Collectively, in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that the reduction in NCX3 expression and activity in A53T neurons from midbrain may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in this brain area, whereas NCX1 overexpression in microglial cells may promote their proliferation in the striatum.
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9
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Bode K, O'Halloran DM. NCX-DB: a unified resource for integrative analysis of the sodium calcium exchanger super-family. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:19. [PMID: 29649983 PMCID: PMC5898058 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+/Ca2+ exchangers are low-affinity high-capacity transporters that mediate Ca2+ extrusion by coupling Ca2+ efflux to the influx of Na+ ions. The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers form a super-family comprised of three branches each differing in ion-substrate selectivity: Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX), Na+/Ca2+/K+ exchangers, and Ca2+/cation exchangers. Their primary function is to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis and play a particularly important role in excitable cells that experience transient Ca2+ fluxes. Research into the role and activity of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers has focused extensively on the cardio-vascular system, however, growing evidence suggests that Na+/Ca2+ exchangers play a key role in neuronal processes such as memory formation, learning, oligodendrocyte differentiation, neuroprotection during brain ischemia and axon guidance. They have also been implicated in pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy, however, a clear understanding of their mechanism during disease is lacking. To date, there has never been a central resource or database for Na+/Ca2+ exchangers. With clear disease relevance and ever-increasing research on Na+/Ca2+ exchangers from both model and non-model species, a database that unifies the data on Na+/Ca2+ exchangers is needed for future research. NCX-DB is a publicly available database with a web interface that enables users to explore various Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, perform cross-species sequence comparison, identify new exchangers, and stay-up to date with recent literature. NCX-DB is available on the web via an interactive user interface with an intuitive design, which is applicable for the identification and comparison of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger proteins across diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bode
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636A Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W., Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Damien M O'Halloran
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 6000, 800 22nd St. N.W., Washington, DC, 20052, USA. .,Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, 636A Ross Hall, 2300 I St. N.W., Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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10
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Inoue N, Ogura S, Kasai A, Nakazawa T, Ikeda K, Higashi S, Isotani A, Baba K, Mochizuki H, Fujimura H, Ago Y, Hayata-Takano A, Seiriki K, Shintani Y, Shintani N, Hashimoto H. Knockdown of the mitochondria-localized protein p13 protects against experimental parkinsonism. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744860. [PMID: 29371327 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is a critical hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial toxins produce cellular and behavioural dysfunctions resembling those in patients with PD Causative gene products for familial PD play important roles in mitochondrial function. Therefore, targeting proteins that regulate mitochondrial integrity could provide convincing strategies for PD therapeutics. We have recently identified a novel 13-kDa protein (p13) that may be involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In the current study, we examine the mitochondrial function of p13 and its involvement in PD pathogenesis using mitochondrial toxin-induced PD models. We show that p13 overexpression induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. p13 knockdown attenuates toxin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells via the regulation of complex I. Importantly, we generate p13-deficient mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and observe that heterozygous p13 knockout prevents toxin-induced motor deficits and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Taken together, our results suggest that manipulating p13 expression may be a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Research Fellowships for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sae Ogura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Higashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayako Isotani
- Animal Resource Center for Infectious Diseases, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Kanazawa University Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan .,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Kanazawa University Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Lu E, Sarkar S, Raymick J, Paule MG, Gu Q. Decreased Mcl-1 protein level in the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. Brain Res 2018; 1678:432-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Komnig D, Imgrund S, Reich A, Gründer S, Falkenburger BH. ASIC1a Deficient Mice Show Unaltered Neurodegeneration in the Subacute MPTP Model of Parkinson Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165235. [PMID: 27820820 PMCID: PMC5098794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease and can be accompanied by acidification of extracellular pH, which may activate acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC). Accordingly, amiloride, a non-selective inhibitor of ASIC, was protective in an acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson disease. To complement these findings we determined MPTP toxicity in mice deficient for ASIC1a, the most common ASIC isoform in neurons. MPTP was applied i.p. in doses of 30 mg per kg on five consecutive days. We determined the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, assayed by stereological counting 14 days after the last MPTP injection, the number of Nissl positive neurons in the substantia nigra, and the concentration of catecholamines in the striatum. There was no difference between ASIC1a-deficient mice and wildtype controls. We are therefore not able to confirm that ASIC1a are involved in MPTP toxicity. The difference might relate to the subacute MPTP model we used, which more closely resembles the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease, or to further targets of amiloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Komnig
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silke Imgrund
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arno Reich
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gründer
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn H. Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA BRAIN Institute II, Jülich and Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Onaka Y, Shintani N, Nakazawa T, Kanoh T, Ago Y, Matsuda T, Hashimoto R, Ohi K, Hirai H, Nagata KY, Nakamura M, Kasai A, Hayata-Takano A, Nagayasu K, Takuma K, Ogawa A, Baba A, Hashimoto H. Prostaglandin D 2 signaling mediated by the CRTH2 receptor is involved in MK-801-induced cognitive dysfunction. Behav Brain Res 2016; 314:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Wu PC, Kao LS. Calcium regulation in mouse mesencephalic neurons-Differential roles of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:299-311. [PMID: 27020658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons are the key to finely tune the voluntary movement, habit and motivation. The progressive and selective degeneration of these neurons is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The susceptibility of DA neurons in the SNpc may result from differences in how Ca(2+) is handled. However, very little information is available about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in DA neurons. In this study, the relative contributions of various Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers and their interplay with internal Ca(2+) stores, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria, in the regulation of the [Ca(2+)]i of mouse mesencephalic neurons were characterized. Both the K(+)-dependent Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCKX) and the K(+)-independent Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) can be detected and are functional in DA and non-DA neurons. NCX accounts for the larger component of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange activity. Single-cell RT-PCR analysis showed each individual neuron expressed a distinct set of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers. Furthermore, the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers play prominent roles in removing [Ca(2+)]i induced by glutamate but not [Ca(2+)]i induced by depolarization. The mitochondria serve as a major Ca(2+) sink and are functionally located close to NCX. In contrast, the ER is functionally located close to NCKX and acts primarily as a Ca(2+) source with marginal effects. This study reveals that the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers, the ER and the mitochondria, which cooperate interactively, act similarly when regulating [Ca(2+)]i in mesencephalic DA and non-DA neurons. The heterogeneous expression of multiple types of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers and the quantitative differences found in [Ca(2+)]i regulation, together with other risk factors specific to DA neurons such as dopamine oxidation resulting in oxidative stress, may drive these cells to undergo selective degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Wu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lung-Sen Kao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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15
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Nicorandil stimulates a Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger by activating guanylate cyclase in guinea pig cardiac myocytes. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:693-703. [PMID: 26631169 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nicorandil, a hybrid of an ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel opener and a nitrate generator, is used clinically for the treatment of angina pectoris. This agent has been reported to exert antiarrhythmic actions by abolishing both triggered activity and spontaneous automaticity in an in vitro study. It is well known that delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) are caused by the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange current (I NCX). In this study, we investigated the effect of nicorandil on the cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1). We used the whole-cell patch clamp technique and the Fura-2/AM (Ca(2+) indicator) method to investigate the effect of nicorandil on I NCX in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes and CCL39 fibroblast cells transfected with dog heart NCX1. Nicorandil enhanced I NCX in a concentration-dependent manner. The EC50 (half-maximum concentration for enhancement of the drug) values were 15.0 and 8.7 μM for the outward and inward components of I NCX, respectively. 8-Bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP), a membrane-permeable analog of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), enhanced I NCX. 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor (10 μM), completely abolished the nicorandil-induced I NCX increase. Nicorandil increased I NCX in CCL39 cells expressing wild-type NCX1 but did not affect mutant NCX1 without a long intracellular loop between transmembrane segments (TMSs) 5 and 6. Nicorandil at 100 μM abolished DADs induced by electrical stimulation with ouabain. Nicorandil enhanced the function of NCX1 via guanylate cyclase and thus may accelerate Ca(2+) exit via NCX1. This may partially contribute to the cardioprotection by nicorandil in addition to shortening action potential duration (APD) by activating KATP channels.
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16
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Reduced prefrontal dopaminergic activity in valproic acid-treated mouse autism model. Behav Brain Res 2015; 289:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Kawanai T, Taruta A, Inoue A, Watanabe R, Ago Y, Hashimoto H, Hasebe S, Ooi Y, Takuma K, Matsuda T. Decreased expression of hippocampal Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger isoform-1 by pentylenetetrazole kindling in mice. Epilepsy Res 2015. [PMID: 26220386 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that inhibitors of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) attenuate seizure activity in drug-induced epilepsy models, but the role of NCX in epilepsy is not fully understood. The present study examined the effects of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling on the mRNA expression of NCX isoforms (NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3) in mouse brain. Chronic administration of PTZ at 40mg/kg resulted in kindling seizure development. It caused decreases in the mRNA levels of NCX1 and NCX2, but not NCX3, in the hippocampus. Changes in NCX isoform expression levels were not observed in the prefrontal cortex or striatum. Acute PTZ at 40mg/kg, which caused little seizure activity, also decreased NCX2, but not NCX1 mRNA levels in the hippocampus. These results suggest that down-regulation of hippocampal NCX1 expression is associated with PTZ-induced kindling seizure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kawanai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuki Taruta
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aya Inoue
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hasebe
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takuma
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsuda
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-871, Japan.
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18
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Jin J, Lao AJ, Katsura M, Caputo A, Schweizer FE, Sokolow S. Involvement of the sodium-calcium exchanger 3 (NCX3) in ziram-induced calcium dysregulation and toxicity. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:56-66. [PMID: 25284465 PMCID: PMC4267994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ziram is a dimethyldithiocarbamate fungicide which can cause intraneuronal calcium (Ca(2+)) dysregulation and subsequently neuronal death. The signaling mechanisms underlying ziram-induced Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis and neurotoxicity are not fully understood. NCX3 is the third isoform of the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) family and plays an important role in regulating Ca(2+) homeostasis in excitable cells. We previously generated a mouse model deficient for the sodium-calcium exchanger 3 and showed that NCX3 is protective against ischemic damage. In the present study, we aim to examine whether NCX3 exerts a similar role against toxicological injury caused by the pesticide ziram. Our data show baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells stably transfected with NCX3 (BHK-NCX3) are more susceptible to ziram toxicity than cells transfected with the empty vector (BHK-WT). Increased toxicity in BHK-NCX3 was associated with a rapid rise in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)]i induced by ziram. Profound mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion were also observed in BHK-NCX3 cells following treatment with ziram. Lastly, primary dopaminergic neurons lacking NCX3 (NCX3(-/-)) were less sensitive to ziram neurotoxicity than wildtype control dopaminergic neurons. These results demonstrate that NCX3 genetic deletion protects against ziram-induced neurotoxicity and suggest NCX3 and its downstream molecular pathways as key factors involved in ziram toxicity. Our study identifies new molecular events through which pesticides (e.g. ziram) can lead to pathological features of degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and indicates new targets to slow down neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jin
- UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - A J Lao
- UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M Katsura
- UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - A Caputo
- Department of Neurobiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - F E Schweizer
- Department of Neurobiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Brain Research Institute, USA
| | - S Sokolow
- UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Brain Research Institute, USA; UCLA Center for the Advancement of Gerontological Nursing Sciences, USA; UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, USA.
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Khananshvili D. Sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX): molecular hallmarks underlying the tissue-specific and systemic functions. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:43-60. [PMID: 24281864 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NCX proteins explore the electrochemical gradient of Na(+) to mediate Ca(2+)-fluxes in exchange with Na(+) either in the Ca(2+)-efflux (forward) or Ca(2+)-influx (reverse) mode, whereas the directionality depends on ionic concentrations and membrane potential. Mammalian NCX variants (NCX1-3) and their splice variants are expressed in a tissue-specific manner to modulate the heartbeat rate and contractile force, the brain's long-term potentiation and learning, blood pressure, renal Ca(2+) reabsorption, the immune response, neurotransmitter and insulin secretion, apoptosis and proliferation, mitochondrial bioenergetics, etc. Although the forward mode of NCX represents a major physiological module, a transient reversal of NCX may contribute to EC-coupling, vascular constriction, and synaptic transmission. Notably, the reverse mode of NCX becomes predominant in pathological settings. Since the expression levels of NCX variants are disease-related, the selective pharmacological targeting of tissue-specific NCX variants could be beneficial, thereby representing a challenge. Recent structural and biophysical studies revealed a common module for decoding the Ca(2+)-induced allosteric signal in eukaryotic NCX variants, although the phenotype variances in response to regulatory Ca(2+) remain unclear. The breakthrough discovery of the archaebacterial NCX structure may serve as a template for eukaryotic NCX, although the turnover rates of the transport cycle may differ ~10(3)-fold among NCX variants to fulfill the physiological demands for the Ca(2+) flux rates. Further elucidation of ion-transport and regulatory mechanisms may lead to selective pharmacological targeting of NCX variants under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel,
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20
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Microglial ion channels as potential targets for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Neural Plast 2013; 2013:587418. [PMID: 24288626 PMCID: PMC3832972 DOI: 10.1155/2013/587418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, degenerative neurological disorder that is estimated to affect at least 1 million individuals in the USA and over 10 million worldwide. It is thought that the loss of neurons and development of inclusion bodies occur gradually over decades until they progress to the point where ~60% of the dopamine neurons are lost and patients present with motor dysfunction. At present, it is not clear what causes this progression, and there are no current therapies that have been successful in preventing PD progression. Although there are many hypotheses regarding the mechanism of PD progression, neuroinflammation may be a major contributor to PD pathogenesis. Indeed, activated microglia and subsequent neuroinflammation have been consistently associated with the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, interference with this process could provide a means of neuroprotection in PD. This review will discuss the potential of targeting microglia to reduce neuroinflammation in PD. Further, we discuss the potential of microglial ion channels to serve as novel targets for neuroprotection in PD.
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Effects of the neurotoxin MPTP and pargyline protection on extracellular energy metabolites and dopamine levels in the striatum of freely moving rats. Brain Res 2013; 1538:159-71. [PMID: 24080403 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxin MPTP is known to induce dopamine release and depletion of ATP in the striatum of rats. Therefore, we studied the changes induced by MPTP and pargyline protection both on striatal dopamine release and on extracellular energy metabolites in freely moving rats, using dual asymmetric-flow microdialysis. A dual microdialysis probe was inserted in the right striatum of rats. MPTP (25mg/kg, 15mg/kg, 10mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for three consecutive days. MAO-B inhibitor pargyline (15mg/kg) was systemically administered before neurotoxin administration. The first MPTP dose induced an increase in dialysate dopamine and a decrease of DOPAC levels in striatal dialysate. After the first neurotoxin administration, increases in striatal glucose, lactate, pyruvate, lactate/pyruvate (L/P) and lactate/glucose (L/G) ratios were observed. Subsequent MPTP administrations showed a progressive reduction of dopamine, glucose and pyruvate levels with a concomitant further increase in lactate levels and L/P and L/G ratios. At day 1, pargyline pre-treatment attenuated the MPTP-induced changes in all studied analytes. Starting from day 2, pargyline prevented the depletion of dopamine, glucose and pyruvate while reduced the increase of lactate, L/P ratio and L/G ratio. These in vivo results suggest a pargyline neuroprotection role against the MPTP-induced energetic impairment consequent to mitochondrial damage. This neuroprotective effect was confirmed by TH immunostaining of the substantia nigra.
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Neuroprotective and behavioural assessments of an imidazolium compound (DBZIM) in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-OHDA. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:405-13. [PMID: 23652161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect of DBZIM, a novel imidazolium compound, has previously been documented to slow down neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we conducted behavioural studies and further investigated the neuroprotection in a rat Parkinsonian model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). DBZIM was found to significantly reduce the 6-OHDA-induced asymmetrical rotation and preferential usage of contralateral forelimbs. Furthermore, the degeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive (TH+) dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra par compacta (SNc) was illustrated by immunohistochemistry. The significant loss of TH+ neurones by 6-OHDA administration was ameliorated by three different doses of DBZIM treatment in a bell-shape manner. Such neuroprotection was also observed in the 6-OHDA-lesioned striata. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the striatal tissues revealed that DBZIM beneficially maintained the dopamine level by slowing down its metabolism. In addition, DBZIM attenuated the activation of astrocytes and microglia. This suggests that anti-inflammation may be an additional mechanism underlying the DBZIM-mediated neuroprotection. These findings warrant further investigation of DBZIM as a promising and potent agent for the future treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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N'Gouemo P. Probing the role of the sodium/calcium exchanger in pentylenetetrazole-induced generalized seizures in rats. Brain Res Bull 2012; 90:52-7. [PMID: 22995283 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (NCX) is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced tonic flexion in mice. Here, I investigated the expression of PTZ-induced generalized clonic and tonic-clonic seizures in rats, using two potent NCX reverse mode inhibitors, KB-R7943 and SN-6 for NCX subtypes 3 (NCX3) and 1 (NCX1), respectively. Pretreatment with KB-R7943 (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg; p.o.) significantly reduced the expression of PTZ-induced generalized seizures with clonic and tonic-clonic components in 12-62% and 25-62% of the treated animals, respectively. In the remaining animals that exhibited seizures, KB-R7943 (3 mg/kg; p.o.) pretreatment significantly delayed the onset of the first seizure episode and reduced the seizure severity. Following pretreatment with SN-6 (0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg; p.o.), clonic and tonic-clonic PTZ-induced generalized seizures were reduced in 25-50% and 38-63% of treated animals, respectively. SN-6 (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg; p.o.) also significantly reduced PTZ-induced seizure severity scores, but did not alter seizure latencies. KB-R7943 (3 and 30 mg/kg; p.o.) or SN-6 (3 and 30 mg/kg; p.o.) administration potentiated the sub-anticonvulsant dose of diazepam (2.5 mg/kg; i.p.) that suppresses clonic and tonic-clonic PTZ-induced seizures. These findings suggested that Ca²⁺ influx via the NCX in reverse mode contributes to a neuronal hyperexcitability that leads to clonic and tonic-clonic generalized seizures and that the NCX1 and NCX3 isoforms may serve as novel molecular targets for seizure suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper N'Gouemo
- Department of Pediatrics, Bldg. D, Room 285, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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