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Thongsopha C, Chaiwut T, Thaweekhotr P, Sudwan P, Phasukdee N, Quiggins R. Aegle marmelos (L.) Leaf Extract Improves Symptoms of Memory Loss Induced by Scopolamine in Rats. Foods 2024; 13:627. [PMID: 38397604 PMCID: PMC10888157 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that results in memory impairment. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (AM) is used as a traditional medicine. AM leaves have the potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. This study used scopolamine to induce AD in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AM leaf extract using this model. Motor and memory functions were tested by the motor activity and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, respectively. The density of the synaptophysin and dendritic spines in the CA1 were detected by immunofluorescence and Golgi impregnation, respectively. The hippocampal histology was reviewed by H&E staining. After the treatment, the latency times in the MWM tests of the AD groups reduced, while the motor activities showed no difference. The density of the synaptophysin of the AD groups increased after the treatments, and that of the dendritic spines also increased in all AD groups post-treatment. The hippocampal tissue also recovered. AM leaf extract can improve cognitive impairment in AD models by maintaining the presynaptic vesicle proteins and dendritic spines in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanida Thongsopha
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanasit Chaiwut
- The Department of General Education, Kanchanabhishek Institute of medical and Public Health Technology, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand;
| | - Pornnarez Thaweekhotr
- The School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Paiwan Sudwan
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Noppadol Phasukdee
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Ranida Quiggins
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
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Sahin K, Orhan C, Kucuk O, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Ozercan IH, Sylla S, Ojalvo SP, Komorowski JR. Effects of magnesium picolinate, zinc picolinate, and selenomethionine co-supplementation on reproductive hormones, and glucose and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in male rats fed a high-fat diet. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100081. [PMID: 35415682 PMCID: PMC8991512 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impacts of the magnesium picolinate (MgPic), zinc picolinate (ZnPic), and selenomethionine (SeMet) alone or as a combination on blood metabolites, oxidative enzymes, reproductive hormones, and glucose and lipid metabolism-related protein expressions in Wistar rats fed a high-fed diet (HFD). The rats were fed either a control, HFD, or HFD supplemented with a single (MgPic, ZnPic, SeMet) or two or three organic mineral combinations. Body weights, visceral fat, serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as liver sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels increased, while serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) concentrations along with liver nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels declined in HFD rats (P < 0.05). Supplementing each organic mineral, but particularly the combination of HFD + MgPic + ZnPic + SeMet reversed the responses with various degrees. None of the organic elements alone or as a combination of two exerted a prominent effect on parameters measured. Although not additive or synergistic, the combination of all organic minerals added to HFD (HFD + MgPic + ZnPic + SeMet) provided the greatest responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Osman Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Ozercan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development, Nutrition 21, Harrison, NY 10577, USA
| | - Sara P Ojalvo
- Research and Development, Nutrition 21, Harrison, NY 10577, USA
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The neuroprotective effect of walnut-derived peptides against glutamate-induced damage in PC12 cells: mechanism and bioavailability. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Evaluation of the effect of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine on testosterone-induced spatial learning impairment in Morris water maze and assessment of protein markers. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2022.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Deeh Defo PB, Sahin N, Ojalvo SP, Sylla S, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. Effects of a Novel Magnesium Complex on Metabolic and Cognitive Functions and the Expression of Synapse-Associated Proteins in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:247-260. [PMID: 33591492 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of a novel form of magnesium, Mg picolinate (MgPic), to magnesium oxide (MgO) on metabolic and cognitive functions and the expression of genes associated with these functions in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control, MgO, MgPic, HFD, HFD + MgO, and HFD + MgPic. Mg was supplemented at 500 mg of elemental Mg/kg diet for 8 weeks. MgPic and MgO supplementation decreased visceral fat, serum glucose, insulin, leptin, TC, TG, FFA, testosterone, FSH, LH, SHBG, IGF-1, and MDA levels, but increased brain SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in HFD rats. Inflammation and cognitive-related markers (presynaptic synapsin PSD95, postsynaptic PSD93, postsynaptic GluR1, and GluR2) were improved in HFD rats administered Mg, with more significant effects seen in the MgPic group. MgPic also decreased brain NF-κB but elevated brain Nrf2 levels, compared with the HFD group. The phosphorylation levels of Akt (Thr308), Akt (Ser473), PI3K try 458/199, and Ser9-GSK-3 in the brain were improved after Mg treatment in HFD rats, with more potent effects seen from MgPic supplementation. MgPic has a higher bioavailability and is more effective in improving metabolic parameters and enhancing memory than MgO. The pro-cognitive effects of MgO and MgPic could be mediated via modulation of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor and activation of the PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway. These findings further support the use of MgPic in the management of metabolic and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sara Perez Ojalvo
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition 21 LLC, Purchase, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition 21 LLC, Purchase, NY, USA
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
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Hashemzaei M, Baratzadeh N, Sharamian I, Fanoudi S, Sanati M, Rezaei H, Shahraki J, Rezaee R, Belaran M, Bazi A, Tabrizian K. Intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevents the H-89-induced spatial learning deficits in Morris water maze. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:691-696. [PMID: 33964190 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES H-89 (a protein kinase AII [PKA II] inhibitor) impairs the spatial memory in the Morris water maze task in rats. In the present study, we aimed to study the protective effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine against H-89-induced spatial memory deficits. METHODS Spatial memory impairment was induced by the bilateral intrahippocampal administration of 10 µM H-89 (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) to rats. The rats then received bilateral administrations of either nicotine (1 μg/μL, dissolved in saline) or O-acetyl-L-carnitine (100 μM/side, dissolved in deionized water) alone and in combination. Control groups received either saline, deionized water, or DMSO. RESULTS The H-89-treated animals showed significant increases in the time and distance travelled to find hidden platforms, and there was also a significant decrease in the time spent in the target quadrant compared to DMSO-treated animals. Nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine had no significant effects on H-89-induced spatial learning impairments alone, but the bilateral intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevented H-89-induced spatial learning deficits and increased the time spent in the target quadrant in comparison with H-89-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated the potential synergistic effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine in preventing protein kinase AII inhibitor (H-89)-induced spatial learning impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Najmeh Baratzadeh
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharamian
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Rezaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Jafar Shahraki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Belaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Science, Zabol, Iran
| | - Kaveh Tabrizian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Lei Y, Zhang ZF, Lei RX, Wang S, Zhuang Y, Liu AC, Wu Y, Chen J, Tang JC, Pan MX, Liu R, Liao WJ, Feng YG, Wan Q, Zheng M. DJ-1 Suppresses Cytoplasmic TDP-43 Aggregation in Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1001-1014. [PMID: 30372676 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DJ-1 (also called PARK7) is a multifunctional redox-sensitive protein that is protective against oxidative stress-induced cell death. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a major protein component of pathological inclusions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Reducing aberrant aggregation of TDP-43 is a potential approach to prevent cell death. To investigate whether DJ-1 might inhibit TDP-43 aggregation to exert a protective effect in oxidative stress-induced injury, we tested the protein level and subcellular localization of TDP-43 and DJ-1 in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with wild-type DJ-1, DJ-1 mutant (L166P) cDNA, or DJ-1 siRNA. We show that oxidative stress induced by paraquat leads to the formation of cytosolic TDP-43 aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells. DJ-1 overexpression decreases paraquat-induced cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 in SH-SY5Y cells and protects against paraquat-induced cell death. Transfection of DJ-1 L166P mutant or DJ-1 siRNA leads to increased cytosolic aggregation of TDP-43 in paraquat-treated SH-SY5Y cells and promotes cell death. These data suggest that DJ-1 may protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death through the suppression of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui-Xue Lei
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - An-Chun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Chun Tang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Xian Pan
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Center for Brain Clinic, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Gong Feng
- Research Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, and Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Research Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, and Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Amanzadeh E, Esmaeili A, Abadi REN, Kazemipour N, Pahlevanneshan Z, Beheshti S. Quercetin conjugated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles improves learning and memory better than free quercetin via interacting with proteins involved in LTP. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6876. [PMID: 31053743 PMCID: PMC6499818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical application of quercetin (QT) as an effective flavonoid has limitations due to its low bioavailability. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) is a novel drug delivery system that enhances the bioavailability of quercetin. The effect of short time usage of quercetin on learning and memory function and its signaling pathways in the healthy rat is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of free quercetin and in conjugation with SPION on learning and memory in healthy rats and to find quercetin target proteins involved in learning and memory using Morris water maze (MWM) and computational methods respectively. Results of MWM show an improvement in learning and memory of rats treated with either quercetin or QT-SPION. Better learning and memory functions using QT-SPION reveal increased bioavailability of quercetin. Comparative molecular docking studies show the better binding affinity of quercetin to RSK2, MSK1, CytC, Cdc42, Apaf1, FADD, CRK proteins. Quercetin in comparison to specific inhibitors of each protein also demonstrates a better QT binding affinity. This suggests that quercetin binds to proteins leading to prevent neural cell apoptosis and improves learning and memory. Therefore, SPIONs could increase the bioavailability of quercetin and by this way improve learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Amanzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - Nasrin Kazemipour
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zari Pahlevanneshan
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Siamak Beheshti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Tang H, Ma M, Wu Y, Deng M, Hu F, Almansoub H, Huang H, Wang D, Zhou L, Wei N, Man H, Lu Y, Liu D, Zhu L. Activation of MT2 receptor ameliorates dendritic abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease via C/EBPα/miR-125b pathway. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12902. [PMID: 30706990 PMCID: PMC6413662 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairments of dendritic trees and spines have been found in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which the deficits of melatonin signal pathway were reported. Melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) is widely expressed in the hippocampus and mediates the biological functions of melatonin. It is known that melatonin application is protective to dendritic abnormalities in AD. However, whether MT2 is involved in the neuroprotection and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we first found that MT2 is dramatically reduced in the dendritic compartment upon the insult of oligomer Aβ. MT2 activation prevented the Aβ-induced disruption of dendritic complexity and spine. Importantly, activation of MT2 decreased cAMP, which in turn inactivated transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α(C/EBPα) to suppress miR-125b expression and elevate the expression of its target, GluN2A. In addition, miR-125b mimics fully blocked the protective effects of MT2 activation on dendritic trees and spines. Finally, injection of a lentivirus containing a miR-125b sponge into the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice effectively rescued the dendritic abnormalities and learning/memory impairments. Our data demonstrated that the cAMP-C/EBPα/miR-125b/GluN2A signaling pathway is important to the neuroprotective effects of MT2 activation in Aβ-induced dendritic injuries and learning/memory disorders, providing a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD synaptopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mei Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Man‐Fei Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hasan.a.m.m. Almansoub
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - He‐Zhou Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ding‐Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lan‐Ting Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Na Wei
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hengye Man
- Department of BiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| | - Youming Lu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Dan Liu
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ling‐Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Ding Y, Bao X, Lao L, Ling Y, Wang Q, Xu S. p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol Prevents Memory Deficits by Increasing Neurotrophic Factors and Decreasing Inflammatory Factors in a Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:1007-1019. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Lifeng Lao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunxiang Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Kou L, Sun R, Ganapathy V, Yao Q, Chen R. Recent advances in drug delivery via the organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2/SLC22A5). Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:715-726. [PMID: 30016594 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1502273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transporters in the plasma membrane have been exploited successfully for the delivery of drugs in the form of prodrugs and nanoparticles. Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2, SLC22A5) has emerged as a viable target for drug delivery. OCTN2 is a Na+-dependent high-affinity transporter for L-carnitine and a Na+-independent transporter for organic cations. OCTN2 is expressed in the blood-brain barrier, heart, liver, kidney, intestinal tract and placenta and plays an essential role in L-carnitine homeostasis in the body. Areas covered: In recent years, several studies have been reported in the literature describing the utility of OCTN2 to enhance the delivery of drugs, prodrugs and nanoparticles. Here we summarize the salient features of OCTN2 in terms of its role in the cellular uptake of its physiological substrate L-carnitine in physiological and pathological context; the structural requirements for recognition and the recent advances in OCTN2-targeted drug delivery systems, including prodrugs and nanoparticles, are discussed. Expert opinion: This transporter has great potential to be utilized as a target for drug delivery to improve oral absorption of drugs in the intestinal tract. It also has potential to facilitate the transfer of drugs across the biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, blood-retinal barrier, and maternal-fetal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- a Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Rui Sun
- a Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- a Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China.,b Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock , TX , USA
| | - Qing Yao
- c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- a Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
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Zhao ML, Chen SJ, Li XH, Wang LN, Chen F, Zhong SJ, Yang C, Sun SK, Li JJ, Dong HJ, Dong YQ, Wang Y, Chen C. Optical Depolarization of DCX-Expressing Cells Promoted Cognitive Recovery and Maturation of Newborn Neurons via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:303-318. [PMID: 29614674 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Second People’s Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua-Jiang Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Qing Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
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Fu P, Zhang Q, Yi DY, Abdelmaksoud A, Huang Q, Zhao HY, Xiang W, Xiong NX. Dehydrocavidine attenuates d-galactose induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Neurosci Lett 2018; 665:200-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Chen C, Zheng Y, Wu T, Wu C, Cheng X. Oral administration of grape seed polyphenol extract restores memory deficits in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 28:207-213. [PMID: 27984208 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) has been recognized as an important cause of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the two most prominent neurodegenerative diseases causing memory impairment in the elderly. However, an effective therapy for CCH-induced memory impairment has not yet been established. Grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE) has powerful antioxidant properties and protects neurons and glia during ischemic injury, but its potential use in the prevention of CCH-induced memory impairment has not yet been investigated. Here, CCH-related memory impairment was modeled in rats using permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. A Morris water maze task was used to evaluate memory, the levels of acetylcholinesterase, choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine were used to evaluate cholinergic function, and oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malonic dialdehyde, and catalase. We found that oral administration of GSPE for 1 month can rescue memory deficits. We also found that GSPE restores cholinergic neuronal function and represses oxidative damage in the hippocampus of CCH rats. We propose that GSPE protects memory in CCH rats by reducing ischemia-induced oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction. These findings provide a novel application of GSPE in CCH-related memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
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15
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Lu F, Li X, Li W, Wei K, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Liang X, Zhang J. Tetramethylpyrazine reverses intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced memory deficits by inhibiting GSK-3β. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017. [PMID: 28633346 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain dysfunction, especially cognitive impairment, is one of the main complications in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which threatens the health of 46.8 million people worldwide. At present, the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction is only partially understood, and effective therapies for memory loss in AD remain elusive. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is one of the major bioactive compounds purified from Chuanxiong, a Chinese herb used for the treatment of neurovascular and cardiovascular diseases. The neuroprotective properties of TMP are evident in some neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. However, whether TMP plays a neuroprotective role in AD is still unknown. Here, we report that 2-week treatment with TMP rescued both short-term and long-term fear memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin in a well-known AD rat model. Administration of TMP also restored spatial learning and memory retention abilities in streptozotocin-injected rats. Furthermore, TMP inhibited the activity of GSK-3β, an important kinase that mediates hippocampal synaptic and memory disorders in diabetes mellitus. Finally, we found that TMP treatment restored the function of cholinergic neurons. Our data suggest that dietary uptake of TMP can provide protection against memory loss in AD, and the inhibition of GSK-3β may play an important role in this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Qianlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xinliang Liang
- Department of Medical Development, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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16
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Ma S, Chen J, Chen C, Wei N, Xu J, Yang G, Wang N, Meng Y, Ren J, Xu Z. Erythropoietin Rescues Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion via the EPO-R/JAK2/STAT5/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3290-3299. [PMID: 28488208 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia in older people and is characterized by the sudden onset of impairments in thinking skills and behavior, which generally occur following a stroke. Unfortunately, effective therapy for vascular dementia remains inadequate. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. Recently, a prominent role for EPO has been defined in the nervous system, and there is growing interest in the potential therapeutic use of EPO for neuroprotection. However, whether it is protective from memory impairments and the underlying mechanisms of vascular dementia (VD) remains unknown. In the current study, we reported that supplements with exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) for 4 weeks could restore impaired memory in 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) rats, a well-established vascular dementia animal model. EPO also rescued impairments in dendritic spines and cholinergic dysfunctions in the hippocampus. Moreover, EPO suppressed the overactivation of GSK-3β in the hippocampus by stimulating the JAK2/STAT5/PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Furthermore, we found that genetic knockdown of the EPO receptor (EPO-R) by shRNA blocks the neuroprotection conferred by EPO on memory in VD. We hypothesized that EPO treatment is able to rescue the memory impairments in VD by stimulating the EPO-R/JAK2/STAT5/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and suggest the potential usage of EPO in the therapy for VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Ma
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Clinic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juwu Chen
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Clinic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Yang
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Clinic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Clinic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Clinic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ren
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Clinic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongchao Xu
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Clinic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
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17
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Li X, Lu F, Li W, Xu J, Sun XJ, Qin LZ, Zhang QL, Yao Y, Yu QK, Liang XL. Underlying Mechanisms of Memory Deficits Induced by Etomidate Anesthesia in Aged Rat Model: Critical Role of Immediate Early Genes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:48-53. [PMID: 26712432 PMCID: PMC4797542 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.172570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Etomidate (R-1-[1-ethylphenyl] imidazole-5-ethyl ester) is a widely used anesthetic drug that had been reported to contribute to cognitive deficits after general surgery. However, its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore the neurobiological mechanisms of cognitive impairments that caused by etomidate. Methods: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into two groups randomly to receive a single injection of etomidate or vehicle. Then, the rats’ spatial memory ability and neuronal survival were evaluated using the Morris water maze test and Nissl staining, respectively. Furthermore, we analyzed levels of oxidative stress, as well as cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate response element-binding (CREB) protein phosphorylation and immediate early gene (IEG, including Arc, c-fos, and Egr1) expression levels using Western blot analysis. Results: Compared with vehicle-treated rats, the etomidate-treated rats displayed impaired spatial learning (day 4: 27.26 ± 5.33 s vs. 35.52 ± 3.88 s, t = 2.988, P = 0.0068; day 5: 15.84 ± 4.02 s vs. 30.67 ± 4.23 s, t = 3.013, P = 0.0057; day 6: 9.47 ± 2.35 s vs. 25.66 ± 4.16 s, t = 3.567, P = 0.0036) and memory ability (crossing times: 4.40 ± 1.18 vs. 2.06 ± 0.80, t = 2.896, P = 0.0072; duration: 34.00 ± 4.24 s vs. 18.07 ± 4.79 s, t = 3.023, P = 0.0053; total swimming distance: 40.73 ± 3.45 cm vs. 27.40 ± 6.56 cm, t = 2.798, P = 0.0086) but no neuronal death. Furthermore, etomidate did not cause oxidative stress or deficits in CREB phosphorylation. The levels of multiple IEGs (Arc: vehicle treated rats 100%, etomidate treated rats 86%, t = 2.876, P = 0.0086; c-fos: Vehicle treated rats 100%, etomidate treated rats 72%, t = 2.996, P = 0.0076; Egr1: Vehicle treated rats 100%, etomidate treated rats 58%, t = 3.011, P = 0.0057) were significantly reduced in hippocampi of etomidate-treated rats. Conclusion: Our data suggested that etomidate might induce memory impairment in rats via inhibition of IEG expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
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18
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Cristofano A, Sapere N, La Marca G, Angiolillo A, Vitale M, Corbi G, Scapagnini G, Intrieri M, Russo C, Corso G, Di Costanzo A. Serum Levels of Acyl-Carnitines along the Continuum from Normal to Alzheimer's Dementia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155694. [PMID: 27196316 PMCID: PMC4873244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the serum levels of free L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and 34 acyl-L-carnitine in healthy subjects and in patients with or at risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Twenty-nine patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease, 18 with mild cognitive impairment of the amnestic type, 24 with subjective memory complaint and 46 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study, and the levels of carnitine and acyl-carnitines were measured by tandem mass spectrometry. The concentrations of acetyl-L-carnitine progressively decreased passing from healthy subjects group (mean±SD, 5.6±1.3 μmol/L) to subjective memory complaint (4.3±0.9 μmol/L), mild cognitive impairment (4.0±0.53 μmol/L), up to Alzheimer’s disease (3.5±0.6 μmol/L) group (p<0.001). The differences were significant for the comparisons: healthy subjects vs. subjective memory complaint, mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease group; and subjective memory complaint vs. Alzheimer’s disease group. Other acyl-carnitines, such as malonyl-, 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-, hexenoyl-, decanoyl-, dodecanoyl-, dodecenoyl-, myristoyl-, tetradecenoyl-, hexadecenoyl-, stearoyl-, oleyl- and linoleyl-L-carnitine, showed a similar decreasing trend, passing from healthy subjects to patients at risk of or with Alzheimer’s disease. These results suggest that serum acetyl-L-carnitine and other acyl-L-carnitine levels decrease along the continuum from healthy subjects to subjective memory complaint and mild cognitive impairment subjects, up to patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and that the metabolism of some acyl-carnitines is finely connected among them. These findings also suggest that the serum levels of acetyl-L-carnitine and other acyl-L-carnitines could help to identify the patients before the phenotype conversion to Alzheimer’s disease and the patients who would benefit from the treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine. However, further validation on a larger number of samples in a longitudinal study is needed before application to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cristofano
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Nadia Sapere
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giancarlo La Marca
- Newborn Screening, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratories, Clinic of Pediatric Neurology, Meyer University Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michela Vitale
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gaetano Corso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- * E-mail: (ADC); (GC)
| | - Alfonso Di Costanzo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine for Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- * E-mail: (ADC); (GC)
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19
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Jia Z, Xue R, Ma S, Xu J, Guo S, Li S, Zhang E, Wang J, Yang J. Erythropoietin Attenuates the Memory Deficits in Aging Rats by Rescuing the Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Promoting BDNF Releasing. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5664-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Laye MJ, Tran V, Jones DP, Kapahi P, Promislow DEL. The effects of age and dietary restriction on the tissue-specific metabolome of Drosophila. Aging Cell 2015; 14:797-808. [PMID: 26085309 PMCID: PMC4568967 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a robust intervention that extends lifespan and slows the onset of age-related diseases in diverse organisms. While significant progress has been made in attempts to uncover the genetic mechanisms of DR, there are few studies on the effects of DR on the metabolome. In recent years, metabolomic profiling has emerged as a powerful technology to understand the molecular causes and consequences of natural aging and disease-associated phenotypes. Here, we use high-resolution mass spectroscopy and novel computational approaches to examine changes in the metabolome from the head, thorax, abdomen, and whole body at multiple ages in Drosophila fed either a nutrient-rich ad libitum (AL) or nutrient-restricted (DR) diet. Multivariate analysis clearly separates the metabolome by diet in different tissues and different ages. DR significantly altered the metabolome and, in particular, slowed age-related changes in the metabolome. Interestingly, we observed interacting metabolites whose correlation coefficients, but not mean levels, differed significantly between AL and DR. The number and magnitude of positively correlated metabolites was greater under a DR diet. Furthermore, there was a decrease in positive metabolite correlations as flies aged on an AL diet. Conversely, DR enhanced these correlations with age. Metabolic set enrichment analysis identified several known (e.g., amino acid and NAD metabolism) and novel metabolic pathways that may affect how DR effects aging. Our results suggest that network structure of metabolites is altered upon DR and may play an important role in preventing the decline of homeostasis with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- Department of Medicine Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- Department of Medicine Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | | | - Daniel E. L. Promislow
- Department of Pathology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
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21
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Murphy SK, Erginer E, Huang Z, Visco Z, Hoyo C. Genotype-Epigenotype Interaction at the IGF2 DMR. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:777-89. [PMID: 26343731 PMCID: PMC4584329 DOI: 10.3390/genes6030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternally expressed Insulin-like Growth Factor II (IGF2) encodes a gene whose protein product functions as a potent growth mitogen. Overexpression of IGF2 has been implicated in a wide number of disorders and diseases. IGF2 is regulated in part by differential methylation of the two parentally derived alleles. The differentially methylated region (DMR) located upstream of the imprinted promoters of IGF2 exhibits plasticity under environmental stress and is hypomethylated in several types of cancer. Through bisulfite pyrosequencing and confirmation by nucleotide sequencing, we discovered a CpG to CpC transversion that results in hypomethylation of one of the three CpGs comprising this DMR. The presence of the polymorphism introduces a genetic rather than an environmentally-driven epigenetic source of hypomethylation that is additive to non-genetic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 91012, B223 LSRC Building, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Erin Erginer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 91012, B223 LSRC Building, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 91012, B223 LSRC Building, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Zachary Visco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 91012, B223 LSRC Building, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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22
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Rai R, Singh HK, Prasad S. A Special Extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08) Restores Learning and Memory by Upregulating Expression of the NMDA Receptor Subunit GluN2B in the Brain of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:254303. [PMID: 26413117 PMCID: PMC4564605 DOI: 10.1155/2015/254303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present communication, we have investigated effects of the CDRI-08, a well characterized extract of Bacopa monnieri, on expression of the GluN2B subunit of NMDAR in various brain regions of the scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Our behavioral data reveal that scopolamine-treated amnesic mice exhibit significant decline in the spatial memory compared to the normal control mice. Our RT-PCR and immunoblotting data revealed that the scopolamine treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of the NMDAR GluN2B subunit expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our enzyme assay data revealed that scopolamine caused a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity in both the brain regions. Further, oral administration of the CDRI-08 to scopolamine-treated amnesic mice restored the spatial memory which was found to be associated with significant upregulation of the GluN2B subunit expression and decline in the acetylcholinesterase activity in prefrontal cortex as well as hippocampus towards their levels in the normal control mice. Our study provides the evidence for the mechanism underlying role of the Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI-08) in restoring spatial memory in amnesic mice, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rai
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Hemant K. Singh
- Lumen Research Foundation, Ashok Nagar, Chennai 600083, India
| | - S. Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
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23
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Gong Y, Liu Y, Zhou L, Di X, Li W, Li Q, Bi K. A UHPLC-TOF/MS method based metabonomic study of total ginsenosides effects on Alzheimer disease mouse model. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015. [PMID: 26210744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A metabonomic method was established to find potential biomarkers and study the metabolism disturbance in Alzheimer disease animal model. Total ginsenosides, as potential agent in neuroprotection and anti-inflammation, was also studied to learn the regulation mechanism to plasma metabolites in model animals. In experiment, amyloid beta 1-42 was occupied to form Alzheimer disease animal model. After drug administration, animals were evaluated by Morris water maze behavior test and sacrificed. Plasma samples were then analyzed using UHPLC-TOF/MS method to determine the endogenous metabolites. Behavior test results revealed that the spatial learning and memory abilities were deficit in model mice, and total ginsenosides could improve cognition abilities in dose-dependent manners. Principal component analysis showed that model and sham were divided into two groups, which means the metabolic network of mice was disturbed after modeling. Accordingly, 19 biomarkers were found and identified. In model group, the levels of proline, valine, tryptophan, LPC (14:0), LPC (15:0), LPC (15:1), LPC (17:0), LPC (18:2), LPC (18:3) and LPC (20:4) were up-regulated, while the levels of acetylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine, vaccenylcarnitine, phytosphingosine, N-eicosanoylethanolamine, hexadecenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and octadecadienoic acid were down-regulated. The levels of these metabolites were recovered in different degrees after total ginsenosides administration. Combining with behavior study results, total ginsenosides could ameliorate both cognition symptoms and metabolic changes in model animals. This metabonomic approach provided a feasible way to understand the endogenous alterations of AD and to study the pharmacodynamic activity of novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingge Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Di
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road,Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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24
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Xu ZP, Li L, Bao J, Wang ZH, Zeng J, Liu EJ, Li XG, Huang RX, Gao D, Li MZ, Zhang Y, Liu GP, Wang JZ. Magnesium protects cognitive functions and synaptic plasticity in streptozotocin-induced sporadic Alzheimer's model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108645. [PMID: 25268773 PMCID: PMC4182554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by profound synapse loss and impairments of learning and memory. Magnesium affects many biochemical mechanisms that are vital for neuronal properties and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have demonstrated that the serum and brain magnesium levels are decreased in AD patients; however, the exact role of magnesium in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we found that the intraperitoneal administration of magnesium sulfate increased the brain magnesium levels and protected learning and memory capacities in streptozotocin-induced sporadic AD model rats. We also found that magnesium sulfate reversed impairments in long-term potentiation (LTP), dendritic abnormalities, and the impaired recruitment of synaptic proteins. Magnesium sulfate treatment also decreased tau hyperphosphorylation by increasing the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β at serine 9, thereby increasing the activity of Akt at Ser473 and PI3K at Tyr458/199, and improving insulin sensitivity. We conclude that magnesium treatment protects cognitive function and synaptic plasticity by inhibiting GSK-3β in sporadic AD model rats, which suggests a potential role for magnesium in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - En-Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong-Xi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Li Yuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Chen C, Li XH, Zhang S, Tu Y, Wang YM, Sun HT. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer-Like Pathologic Dysfunction. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 17:249-54. [PMID: 24325271 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Min Wang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
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26
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Martin-Montañez E, Pavia J, Santin LJ, Boraldi F, Estivill-Torrus G, Aguirre JA, Garcia-Fernandez M. Involvement of IGF-II receptors in the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of IGF-II on adult cortical neuronal cultures. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1041-51. [PMID: 24667322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is a naturally occurring peptide that exerts known pleiotropic effects ranging from metabolic modulation to cellular development, growth and survival. IGF-II triggers its actions by binding to and activating IGF (IGF-I and IGF-II) receptors. In this study, we assessed the neuroprotective effect of IGF-II on corticosterone-induced oxidative damage in adult cortical neuronal cultures and the role of IGF-II receptors in this effect. We provide evidence that treatment with IGF-II alleviates the glucocorticoid-induced toxicity to neuronal cultures, and this neuroprotective effect occurred due to a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a return of the antioxidant status to normal levels. IGF-II acts via not only the regulation of synthesis and/or activity of antioxidant enzymes, especially manganese superoxide dismutase, but also the restoration of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential. Although the antioxidant effect of IGF-I receptor activation has been widely reported, the involvement of the IGF-II receptor in these processes has not been clearly defined. The present report is the first evidence describing the involvement of IGF-II receptors in redox homeostasis. IGF-II may therefore contribute to the mechanisms of neuroprotection by acting as an antioxidant, reducing the neurodegeneration induced by oxidative insults. These results open the field to new pharmacological approaches to the treatment of diseases involving imbalanced redox homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrated that the antioxidant effect of IGF-II is at least partially mediated by IGF-II receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martin-Montañez
- Department of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Malaga University, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - José Pavia
- Department of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Malaga University, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Malaga, Spain; Clinical Neurosciences Unit, Research Laboratory and Microscopy Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis J Santin
- Department of Psychobiology, Malaga University, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, I-41010 Modena, Italy
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrus
- Clinical Neurosciences Unit, Research Laboratory and Microscopy Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José A Aguirre
- Department of Human Physiology, Malaga University, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Fernandez
- Department of Human Physiology, Malaga University, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), E-29071 Malaga, Spain.
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27
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Alhaider IA. Effects of Edaravone on Scopolamine Induced-dementia in Experimental Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.271.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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