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Buzza AS, Cousins H, Tapas KE, Anders JJ, Lewis SJ, Jenkins MW, Moffitt MA. Direct Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Sciatic Nerve Significantly Attenuates Acute Nociceptive Sensitivity Without Affecting Motor Output. Neuromodulation 2024:S1094-7159(24)00113-2. [PMID: 38958630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pharmacologic pain treatments lack specific targeting and often produce unwanted side effects (eg, addiction, additional hyperalgesia). We previously established that the direct application of laser irradiation (direct photobiomodulation [PBM]) of the sural nerve reduces thermal hypersensitivity in a rodent model of chronic pain, but not mechanical hypersensitivity. These observations were consistent with a selective reduction in the small-diameter fiber contribution to electrophysiologically measured evoked response after direct PBM of a sensory nerve (saphenous). However, to our knowledge, direct application of laser irradiation has never been performed in an animal model of acute nociceptive pain or on a mixed nerve in which sensory and motor outcomes can be observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we describe the effects of direct application of laser irradiation (808 nm, 60 mW, 4 minutes) on a mixed nerve (sciatic nerve) in an acute nociceptive pain model (intradermal capsaicin injection) in rats over the course of two weeks. To investigate whether laser irradiation of a mixed nerve alters motor function, in separate experiments, we applied laser irradiation to the sciatic nerve (using the same parameters as in the chronic pain experiments), and force generation of the gastrocnemius was measured. RESULTS Capsaicin-induced hypersensitivities to mechanical (pin prick) and thermal (Hargreaves) noxious stimuli, associated with Aδ- and C-fibers, showed a maximal reduction of 70% and 56.2%, respectively, by direct PBM, when compared with a control group (vehicle injection, no PBM) on the same day. This reduction was determined to be significant using a mixed-design analysis of variance with a p value < 0.05. Force generation remained unchanged for up to 120 minutes after laser irradiation. In summary, direct PBM selectively inhibits C- and Aδ-fiber transmission while leaving Aɑ-, Aβ-, and motor-fiber activity intact. CONCLUSIONS These results, in conjunction with our previous analyses of laser irradiation effects on the sural nerve in a chronic spared nerve injury pain model, suggest that direct PBM is a promising candidate for treating pain induced by small-diameter fiber activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Buzza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hannah Cousins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kalista E Tapas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juanita J Anders
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Moffitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Abstract
CONTEXT The prevalence of diabetic neuropathy is drastically increasing in the world. To halt the progression of diabetic neuropathy, there is an unmet need to have potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and new drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To study various biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. METHODS The literature was searched with the help of various scientific databases and resources like PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google scholar from the year 1976 to 2020. RESULTS Biomarkers of diabetic neuropathy are categorised as inflammatory biomarkers such as MCP-1, VEGF, TRPV1, NF-κB; oxidative biomarkers such as adiponectin, NFE2L2; enzyme biomarkers like NADPH, ceruloplasmin, HO-1, DPP-4, PARP α; miscellaneous biomarkers such as SIRT1, caveolin 1, MALAT1, and microRNA. All biomarkers have a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. CONCLUSION These biomarkers have a potential role in the progression of diabetic neuropathy and can be considered as potential targets for new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri M Adki
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Wang Y. Multidisciplinary Advances Address the Challenges in Developing Drugs against Transient Receptor Potential Channels to Treat Metabolic Disorders. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200562. [PMID: 36530131 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation channels that regulate key physiological and pathological processes in response to a broad range of stimuli. Moreover, they systemically regulate the release of hormones, metabolic homeostasis, and complications of diabetes, which positions them as promising therapeutic targets to combat metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, there are significant challenges in the design of TRP ligands with high potency and durability. Herein we summarize the four challenges as hydrophobicity, selectivity, mono-target therapy, and interspecies discrepancy. We present 1134 TRP ligands with diversified modes of TRP-ligand interaction and provide a detailed discussion of the latest strategies, especially cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and computational methods. We propose solutions to address the challenges with a critical analysis of advances in membrane partitioning, polypharmacology, biased agonism, and biochemical screening of transcriptional modulators. They are fueled by the breakthrough from cryo-EM, chemoinformatics and bioinformatics. The discussion is aimed to shed new light on designing next-generation drugs to treat obesity, diabetes and its complications, with optimal hydrophobicity, higher mode selectivity, multi-targeting and consistent activities between human and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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4
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Ma OKF, Ronsisvalle S, Basile L, Xiang AW, Tomasella C, Sipala F, Pappalardo M, Chan KH, Milardi D, Ng RCL, Guccione S. Identification of a novel adiponectin receptor and opioid receptor dual acting agonist as a potential treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114141. [PMID: 36542987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting different periphery nerve systems including sensory and motor neurons. Hyperglycemia is the major cause of DN with symptoms such as weakness of balance or coordination, insensitivity to sensation, weakness of the muscles as well as numbness and pain in limbs Analgesic drug such as opioids can be effective to relief neuropathy pain but there is no effective treatment. Adiponectin is an anti-diabetic adipokine, which possesses insulin-sensitizing and neuroprotective effects. In this project, we aim to identify an agent which is dual acting to opioid and adiponectin receptors. Within a virtual screening repositioning campaign, a large collection of compounds with different structures comprehensive of adipoRon-like piperidine derivatives was screened by docking. Recently developed opioid receptor benzomorphanic agonists finally emerged as good ligands to adiponectin receptors showing some 2D and 3D structural similarities with AdipoRon. Particularly, we have identified (+)-MML1017, which has high affinity to the same binding domain of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 as AdipoRon. Our western blot results indicate (+)-MML1017 activates AMPK phosphorylation through both adipoR1 and adipoR2 in neuronal cell line. Moreover, pretreatment of (+)-MML1017 can improve the cell viability with motor neurons under hyperglycermic conditions. The (+)-MML1017 also activates μ-opioid receptor cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Our study identified a novel compound having dual activity on opioid receptors and adiponectin receptors that may have analgesic effects and neuroprotective effects to treat diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ka-Fai Ma
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Simone Ronsisvalle
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Basile
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ariya Weiman Xiang
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Cristina Tomasella
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Sipala
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Pappalardo
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Koon-Ho Chan
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Danilo Milardi
- CNR (National Research Council of Italy) - Institute of Crystallography, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Roy Chun-Laam Ng
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Salvatore Guccione
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, Viale A.Doria 6 ed.2, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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Maddah M, Hoseinian N, Pourfath M. An ensemble docking-based virtual screening according to different TRPV1 pore states toward identifying phytochemical activators. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04918j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Identifying phytochemical activators for TRPV1 using ensemble-based virtual screening, machine learning, and MD simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Maddah
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Hoseinian
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Pourfath
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Wang X, Bao C, Li Z, Yue L, Hu L. Side Effects of Opioids Are Ameliorated by Regulating TRPV1 Receptors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042387. [PMID: 35206575 PMCID: PMC8872563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Humans have used opioids to suppress moderate to severe pain for thousands of years. However, the long-term use of opioids has several adverse effects, such as opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and addiction. In addition, the low efficiency of opioids in controlling neuropathic pain limits their clinical applications. Combining nonopioid analgesics with opioids to target multiple sites along the nociceptive pathway may alleviate the side effects of opioids. This study reviews the feasibility of reducing opioid side effects by regulating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors and summarizes the possible underlying mechanisms. Blocking and activating TRPV1 receptors can improve the therapeutic profile of opioids in different manners. TRPV1 and μ-opioid receptors are bidirectionally regulated by β-arrestin2. Thus, drug combinations or developing dual-acting drugs simultaneously targeting μ-opioid and TRPV1 receptors may mitigate opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. In addition, TRPV1 receptors, especially expressed in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens, participate in mediating opioid reward, and its regulation can reduce the risk of opioid-induced addiction. Finally, co-administration of TRPV1 antagonists and opioids in the primary action sites of the periphery can significantly relieve neuropathic pain. In general, the regulation of TRPV1 may potentially ameliorate the side effects of opioids and enhance their analgesic efficacy in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chongyu Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lupeng Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Li Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (L.H.)
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7
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Leavell Y, Simpson DM. The role of the capsaicin 8% patch in the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Pain Manag 2022; 12:595-609. [PMID: 35152709 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is challenging and often limited by drug tolerability and adverse effects. This review article focuses on the high-dose (8%) capsaicin patch that allows for improved efficacy and reduced application frequency in comparison to low-dose capsaicin formulations. Systemic absorption is minimal resulting in fewer systemic side effects than first-line oral medications. There is evidence that capsaicin patch treatment is well-tolerated, safe and provides effective pain relief maintained for several weeks; well-powered studies are needed to confirm these findings. The capsaicin 8% patch may benefit patients at high risk for adverse effects from oral medication, polypharmacy or inadequate pain relief from first-line therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowaree Leavell
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David M Simpson
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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8
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Shedding Light on the Pharmacological Interactions between μ-Opioid Analgesics and Angiotensin Receptor Modulators: A New Option for Treating Chronic Pain. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206168. [PMID: 34684749 PMCID: PMC8537077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current protocols for neuropathic pain management include µ-opioid receptor (MOR) analgesics alongside other drugs; however, there is debate on the effectiveness of opioids. Nevertheless, dose escalation is required to maintain their analgesia, which, in turn, contributes to a further increase in opioid side effects. Finding novel approaches to effectively control chronic pain, particularly neuropathic pain, is a great challenge clinically. Literature data related to pain transmission reveal that angiotensin and its receptors (the AT1R, AT2R, and MAS receptors) could affect the nociception both in the periphery and CNS. The MOR and angiotensin receptors or drugs interacting with these receptors have been independently investigated in relation to analgesia. However, the interaction between the MOR and angiotensin receptors has not been excessively studied in chronic pain, particularly neuropathy. This review aims to shed light on existing literature information in relation to the analgesic action of AT1R and AT2R or MASR ligands in neuropathic pain conditions. Finally, based on literature data, we can hypothesize that combining MOR agonists with AT1R or AT2R antagonists might improve analgesia.
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9
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Effect of ropivacaine on peripheral neuropathy in streptozocin diabetes-induced rats through TRPV1-CGRP pathway. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220953. [PMID: 31661547 PMCID: PMC6851513 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of ropivacaine on peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats and its possible mechanism. Methods Forty-eight Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: nondiabetic control group, nondiabetic group A (0.25% ropivacaine), nondiabetic group B (0.75% ropivacaine), diabetic control group (diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) +artificial cerebrospinal fluid), diabetic group A (DPN+0.25% ropivacaine), and diabetic group B (DPN + 0.75% ropivacaine), with eight rats in each group. Within an hour of the last administration, the sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of each group was measured, and the morphological changes of rat sciatic nerve were observed by HE, Weil’s staining and electron microscopy. The expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) in the spinal cord dorsal horn of rats was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) protein in the spinal cord was analyzed by Western blot. Results Compared with the nondiabetic control group, elevated blood glucose, decreased weight and reduced average mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), additionally, the sciatic nerves showed significantly slowed conduction velocity (both P<0.001) and damaged pathological structure, the expression of TRPV1 and CGRP were decreased (both P<0.001) in the diabetic groups. Compared with the diabetic control group, down-regulation of TRPV1 and CGRP in spinal cord was significant for the diabetic groups A and B treated with 0.25 and 0.75% ropivacaine, the higher concentration of ropivacaine correlated with a greater change. Conclusion Ropivacaine can significantly block sciatic nerve conduction velocity in DPN rats in a concentration-dependent manner, which may be related to the expression of the TRPV1-CGRP pathway.
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10
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Mehrabadi S, Karimiyan SM, Ashabi G, Moradbeygi K, Hoseini M. Repeated Administration of Baclofen Modulates TRPV-1 Channel Expression by PKC Pathway in Dorsal Root Ganglia of Spinal Cord in a Morphine Tolerance Model of Rats. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:379-85. [PMID: 32660223 PMCID: PMC7601548 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.6.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tolerance and dependence to anti-nociceptive effect of morphine restricted its use. Nowadays co-administration of morphine and other drugs suggests diminishing this tolerance. Baclofen is one of the drugs that may be beneficial in the attenuation of tolerance to morphine. Studies have shown that changes in TRPV-1 expression during administration of morphine have a pivotal role in developing morphine tolerance. Therefore, the effect of baclofen on TRPV-1 expression during chronic administration of morphine was investigated in this study. Methods: A total of 48 rats were divided into four groups of control, morphine single injection, morphine tolerance, and morphine tolerance + baclofen. To induce morphine tolerance in rats, animals received 10 mg/kg of i.p. morphine sulfate once a day for 10 days. In the treatment group, baclofen (0.5 mg/kg) was injected for 10 days, before morphine injection. Finally, to evaluate baclofen treatment on morphine analgesia and hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia and formalin test were used. TRPV-1 and PKC expression and protein production in DRG of spinal cord were then evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot. Results: In baclofen treatment group, thermal hyperalgesia and formalin test improved in comparison with morphine tolerance group. In morphine tolerance group, both TRPV-1/PKC gene expression and protein levels increased in comparison with the control group. However, following the baclofen treatment, the TRPV-1 and PKC levels decreased. Conclusion: Baclofen can enhance anti-nociceptive effect of morphine by modulating TRPV-1 channel and PKC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mehrabadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Karimiyan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Moradbeygi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nursing, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Marjan Hoseini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aldosterone Synthase in Peripheral Sensory Neurons Contributes to Mechanical Hypersensitivity during Local Inflammation in Rats. Anesthesiology 2020; 132:867-880. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recent emerging evidence suggests that extra-adrenal synthesis of aldosterone occurs (e.g., within the failing heart and in certain brain areas). In this study, the authors investigated evidence for a local endogenous aldosterone production through its key processing enzyme aldosterone synthase within peripheral nociceptive neurons.
Methods
In male Wistar rats (n = 5 to 8 per group) with Freund’s complete adjuvant hind paw inflammation, the authors examined aldosterone, aldosterone synthase, and mineralocorticoid receptor expression in peripheral sensory neurons using quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation. Moreover, the authors explored the nociceptive behavioral changes after selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, canrenoate-K, or specific aldosterone synthase inhibitor application.
Results
In rats with Freund’s complete adjuvant–induced hind paw inflammation subcutaneous and intrathecal application of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, canrenoate-K, rapidly and dose-dependently attenuated nociceptive behavior (94 and 48% reduction in mean paw pressure thresholds, respectively), suggesting a tonic activation of neuronal mineralocorticoid receptors by an endogenous ligand. Indeed, aldosterone immunoreactivity was abundant in peptidergic nociceptive neurons of dorsal root ganglia and colocalized predominantly with its processing enzyme aldosterone synthase and mineralocorticoid receptors. Moreover, aldosterone and its synthesizing enzyme were significantly upregulated in peripheral sensory neurons under inflammatory conditions. The membrane mineralocorticoid receptor consistently coimmunoprecipitated with endogenous aldosterone, confirming a functional link between mineralocorticoid receptors and its endogenous ligand. Importantly, inhibition of endogenous aldosterone production in peripheral sensory neurons by a specific aldosterone synthase inhibitor attenuated nociceptive behavior after hind paw inflammation (a 32% reduction in paw pressure thresholds; inflammation, 47 ± 2 [mean ± SD] vs. inflammation + aldosterone synthase inhibitor, 62 ± 2).
Conclusions
Local production of aldosterone by its processing enzyme aldosterone synthase within peripheral sensory neurons contributes to ongoing mechanical hypersensitivity during local inflammation via intrinsic activation of neuronal mineralocorticoid receptors.
Editor’s Perspective
What We Already Know about This Topic
What This Article Tells Us That Is New
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12
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Balogh M, Zádor F, Zádori ZS, Shaqura M, Király K, Mohammadzadeh A, Varga B, Lázár B, Mousa SA, Hosztafi S, Riba P, Benyhe S, Gyires K, Schäfer M, Fürst S, Al-Khrasani M. Efficacy-Based Perspective to Overcome Reduced Opioid Analgesia of Advanced Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:347. [PMID: 31024314 PMCID: PMC6465774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of the opioid analgesia in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) results from μ-opioid receptor (MOR) reserve reduction. Herein, we examined the antinociceptive and antiallodynic actions of a novel opioid agonist 14-O-methymorphine-6-O-sulfate (14-O-MeM6SU), fentanyl and morphine in rats with streptozocin-evoked DNP of 9–12 weeks following their systemic administration. The antinociceptive dose-response curve of morphine but not of 14-O-MeM6SU or fentanyl showed a significant right-shift in diabetic compared to non-diabetic rats. Only 14-O-MeM6SU produced antiallodynic effects in doses matching antinociceptive doses obtained in non-diabetic rats. Co-administered naloxone methiodide (NAL-M), a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist failed to alter the antiallodynic effect of test compounds, indicating the contribution of central opioid receptors. Reduction in spinal MOR binding sites and loss in MOR immunoreactivity of nerve terminals in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in diabetic rats were observed. G-protein coupling assay revealed low efficacy character for morphine and high efficacy character for 14-O-MeM6SU or fentanyl at spinal or supraspinal levels (Emax values). Furthermore, at the spinal level only 14-O-MeM6SU showed equal efficacy in G-protein activation in tissues of diabetic- and non-diabetic animals. Altogether, the reduction of spinal opioid receptors concomitant with reduced analgesic effect of morphine may be circumvented by using high efficacy opioids, which provide superior analgesia over morphine. In conclusion, the reduction in the analgesic action of opioids in DNP might be a consequence of MOR reduction, particularly in the spinal cord. Therefore, developing opioids of high efficacy might provide analgesia exceeding that of currently available opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Balogh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mohammed Shaqura
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amir Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadette Lázár
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shaaban A Mousa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sándor Hosztafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Riba
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Fürst
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Athie MCP, Vieira AS, Teixeira JM, dos Santos GG, Dias EV, Tambeli CH, Sartori CR, Parada CA. Transcriptome analysis of dorsal root ganglia's diabetic neuropathy reveals mechanisms involved in pain and regeneration. Life Sci 2018; 205:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Lotfipour S, Smith MT. Morphine hyposensitivity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Reversal by dietary l
-arginine treatment. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:42-49. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrdad Lotfipour
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Maree T. Smith
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development; UQ Centre for Clinical Research; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
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15
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Zhong X, Wang X, Fei F, Zhang M, Ding P, Zhang S. The Molecular Mechanism and Neuroprotective Effect of Dihydrocapsaicin-Induced Mild Hypothermia After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2017; 8:76-82. [PMID: 29035676 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2017.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism of dihydrocapsaicin (DHC)-induced mild hypothermia in rats, and to compare its protective effect on the central nervous system with that of a conventional method of inducing hypothermia, 24 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups based on the following conditions: control group, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) group, body surface cooling group, and DHC group. Tracheal clipping was used to mimic asphyxia arrest. Rats were assessed for their neurological deficit scores. After sacrifice, immunohistochemical staining was used to examine caspase-3 expression in the cerebral cortex and TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1) expression in the hypothalamus. Terminal TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to evaluate cell apoptosis in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the hypothalamus and arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration in ventral septal tissues were also detected in these four groups. Results of our study showed that neurological deficit scores in the DHC group were significantly higher than those in the CPR and body surface cooling groups (p < 0.05). Caspase-3 expression in the cerebral cortex of control group rats was significantly lower than that in other three groups (p < 0.05). Hypothalamic TRPV1 expression, hypothalamic intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and AVP concentration in the ventral septum in the DHC group were significantly higher than that in the other three groups (p < 0.05). Within these three groups, there were significantly fewer apoptotic cells in the DHC and body surface cooling group rats than in the CPR group rats (p < 0.05). DHC has the neuroprotective effect. DHC induced mild hypothermia and reduces apoptosis through a mechanism whereby DHC activates TRPV1 on hypothalamic cells to cause a large Ca2+ influx, which alters corresponding physiological functions and causes the release of AVP to induce hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhong
- 1 Department of Emergency, Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- 1 Department of Emergency, Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fei
- 2 Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- 3 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - ManCui Zhang
- 1 Department of Emergency, Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Po Ding
- 1 Department of Emergency, Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- 3 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center , Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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16
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Shaqura M, Mohamed DM, Aboryag NB, Bedewi L, Dehe L, Treskatsch S, Shakibaei M, Schäfer M, Mousa SA. Pathological alterations in liver injury following congestive heart failure induced by volume overload in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184161. [PMID: 28934226 PMCID: PMC5608213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure has emerged as a disease with significant public health implications. Following progression of heart failure, heart and liver dysfunction are frequently combined in hospitalized patients leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Here, we investigated the underlying pathological alterations in liver injury following heart failure. Heart failure was induced using a modified infrarenal aortocaval fistula (ACF) in male Wistar rats. Sham operated and ACF rats were compared for their morphometric and hemodynamic data, for histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver as well as differences in the expression of apoptotic factors. ACF-induced heart failure is associated with light microscopic signs of apparent congestion of blood vessels, increased apoptosis and breakdown of hepatocytes and inflammatory cell inifltration were observed. The glycogen content depletion associated with the increased hepatic fibrosis, lipid globule formation was observed in ACF rats. Moreover, cytoplasmic organelles are no longer distinguishable in many ACF hepatocytes with degenerated fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum, shrunken mitochondria and heavy cytoplasm vacuolization. ACF is associated with the upregulation of the hepatic TUNEL-positive cells and proapoptotic factor Bax protein concomitant with the mitochondrial leakage of cytochrome C into the cell cytoplasm and the transfer of activated caspase 3 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus indicating intrinsic apoptotic events. Taken together, the results demonstrate that ACF-induced congestive heart failure causes liver injury which results in hepatocellular apoptotic cell death mediated by the intrinsic pathway of mitochondrial cytochrome C leakage and subsequent transfer of activated caspase 3 into to the nucleus to initiate overt DNA fragmentation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shaqura
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doaa M. Mohamed
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noureddin B. Aboryag
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lama Bedewi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Dehe
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Treskatsch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Department of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shaaban A. Mousa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Wan FP, Bai Y, Kou ZZ, Zhang T, Li H, Wang YY, Li YQ. Endomorphin-2 Inhibition of Substance P Signaling within Lamina I of the Spinal Cord Is Impaired in Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 9:167. [PMID: 28119567 PMCID: PMC5223733 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Opiate analgesia in the spinal cord is impaired in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), but until now the reason is unknown. We hypothesized that it resulted from a decreased inhibition of substance P (SP) signaling within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. To investigate this possibility, we evaluated the effects of endomorphin-2 (EM2), an endogenous ligand of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), on SP release within lamina I of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) in rats with DNP. We established the DNP rat model and compared the analgesic efficacy of EM2 between inflammation pain and DNP rat models. Behavioral results suggested that the analgesic efficacy of EM2 was compromised in the condition of painful diabetic neuropathy. Then, we measured presynaptic SP release induced by different stimulating modalities via neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) internalization. Although there was no significant change in basal and evoked SP release between control and DNP rats, EM2 failed to inhibit SP release by noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli in DNP but not in control and inflammation pain model. We also observed that EM2 decreased the number of FOS-positive neurons within lamina I of the SDH but did not change the amount of FOS/NK1R double-labeled neurons. Finally, we identified a remarkable decrease in MORs within the primary afferent fibers and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Taken together, these data suggest that reduced presynaptic MOR expression might account for the loss of the inhibitory effect of EM2 on SP signaling, which might be one of the neurobiological foundations for decreased opioid efficacy in the treatment of DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ping Wan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Kou
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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18
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Malek N, Kostrzewa M, Makuch W, Pajak A, Kucharczyk M, Piscitelli F, Przewlocka B, Di Marzo V, Starowicz K. The multiplicity of spinal AA-5-HT anti-nociceptive action in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:251-263. [PMID: 27326920 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence to support the role of anandamide (AEA), an endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptors, in neuropathic pain modulation. AEA also produces effects mediated by other biological targets, of which the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) has been the most investigated. Both, inhibition of AEA breakdown by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and blockage of TRPV1 have been shown to produce anti-nociceptive effects. Recent research suggests the usefulness of dual-action compounds, which may afford greater anti-allodynic efficacy. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effect of N-arachidonoyl-serotonin (AA-5-HT), a blocker of FAAH and TRPV1, in a rat model of neuropathic pain after intrathecal administration. We found that treatment with AA-5-HT increased the pain threshold to mechanical and thermal stimuli, with highest effect at the dose of 500nM, which was most strongly attenuated by AM-630, CB2 antagonist, administration. The single action blockers PF-3845 (1000nM, for FAAH) and I-RTX (1nM, for TRPV1) showed lower efficacy than AA-5-HT. Moreover AA-5-HT (500nM) elevated AEA and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) levels. Among the possible targets of these mediators, only the mRNA levels of CB2, GPR18 and GPR55, which are believed to be novel cannabinoid receptors, were upregulated in the spinal cord and/or DRG of CCI rats. It was previously reported that AA-5-HT acts in CB1 and TRPV1-dependent manner after systemic administration, but here for the first time we show that AA-5-HT action at the spinal level involves CB2, with potential contributions from GRP18 and/or GPR55 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malek
- Laboratory of Pain Pathophysiology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Laboratory of Pain Pathophysiology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Makuch
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Pajak
- Laboratory of Pain Pathophysiology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Kucharczyk
- Laboratory of Pain Pathophysiology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular ChemistryC.N.R., Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
| | - Barbara Przewlocka
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular ChemistryC.N.R., Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Laboratory of Pain Pathophysiology, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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19
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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20
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Understanding TRPV1 activation by ligands: Insights from the binding modes of capsaicin and resiniferatoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:E137-45. [PMID: 26719417 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517288113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) or vanilloid receptor 1 is a nonselective cation channel that is involved in the detection and transduction of nociceptive stimuli. Inflammation and nerve damage result in the up-regulation of TRPV1 transcription, and, therefore, modulators of TRPV1 channels are potentially useful in the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Understanding the binding modes of known ligands would significantly contribute to the success of TRPV1 modulator drug design programs. The recent cryo-electron microscopy structure of TRPV1 only provides a coarse characterization of the location of capsaicin (CAPS) and resiniferatoxin (RTX). Herein, we use the information contained in the experimental electron density maps to accurately determine the binding mode of CAPS and RTX and experimentally validate the computational results by mutagenesis. On the basis of these results, we perform a detailed analysis of TRPV1-ligand interactions, characterizing the protein ligand contacts and the role of individual water molecules. Importantly, our results provide a rational explanation and suggestion of TRPV1 ligand modifications that should improve binding affinity.
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