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Ballon Romero SS, Fuh LJ, Hung SY, Lee YC, Huang YC, Chien SY, Chen YH. Electroacupuncture exerts prolonged analgesic and neuroprotective effects in a persistent dental pain model induced by multiple dental pulp injuries: GABAergic interneurons-astrocytes interaction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213710. [PMID: 37954604 PMCID: PMC10639134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain within the trigeminal system, particularly dental pain, is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether single or multiple dental pulp injuries induce persistent pain, its association with trigeminal central nociceptive pathways and whether electroacupuncture (EA) provides prolonged analgesic and neuroprotective effects in a persistent dental pain model. Models of single dental pulp injury (SDPI) and multiple dental pulp injuries (MDPI) were used to induce trigeminal neuropathic pain. The signs of dental pain-related behavior were assessed using the mechanical head withdrawal threshold (HWT). Immunofluorescence and western blot protocols were used to monitor astrocyte activation, changes in apoptosis-related proteins, and GABAergic interneuron plasticity. SDPI mice exhibited an initial marked decrease in HWT from days one to 14, followed by progressive recovery from days 21 to 42. From days 49 to 70, the HWT increased and returned to the control values. In contrast, MDPI mice showed a persistent decrease in HWT from days one to 70. MDPI increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and decreased glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT1) expression in the Vi/Vc transition zone of the brainstem on day 70, whereas no changes in astrocytic markers were observed on day 70 after SDPI. Increased expression of cleaved cysteine-aspartic protease-3 (cleaved caspase-3) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), along with decreased B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2), were observed at day 70 after MDPI but not after SDPI. The downregulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) expression was observed on day 70 only after MDPI. The effects of MDPI-induced lower HWT from days one to 70 were attenuated by 12 sessions of EA treatment (days one to 21 after MDPI). Changes in astrocytic GFAP, GS, and GLT-1, along with cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and GAD65 expression observed 70 days after MDPI, were reversed by EA treatment. The results suggest that persistent dental pain in mice was induced by MDPI but not by SDPI. This effect was associated with trigeminal GABAergic interneuron plasticity along with morphological and functional changes in astrocytes. EA exerts prolonged analgesic and neuroprotective effects that might be associated with the modulation of neuron-glia crosstalk mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Surgery, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Chiang YF, Nguyen NTK, Hsia SM, Chen HY, Lin SH, Lin CI. Protective Potential of β-Hydroxybutyrate against Glucose-Deprivation-Induced Neurotoxicity Involving the Modulation of Autophagic Flux and the Monomeric Aβ Level in Neuro-2a Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030698. [PMID: 36979677 PMCID: PMC10045359 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia has been known as a potential contributory factor to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. There may be shared pathogenic mechanisms underlying both conditions, and the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), as an alternative substrate for glucose may exert neuroprotection against hypoglycemia-induced injury. To investigate this, Neuro-2a cells were subjected to a 24 h period of glucose deprivation with or without the presence of BHB. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, autophagy, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) levels were evaluated. The results show that Neuro-2a cells deprived of glucose displayed a significant loss of cell survival with a corresponding decrease in ATP levels, suggesting that glucose deprivation was neurotoxic. This effect was likely attributed to the diverse mechanisms including raised ROS, defective autophagic flux and reduced basal Aβ levels (particularly monomeric Aβ). The presence of BHB could partially protect against the loss of cell survival induced by glucose deprivation. The mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of BHB might be mediated, at least in part, through restoring ATP, and modulating ROS production, autophagy flux efficacy and the monomeric Aβ level. Results imply that a possible link between the basal monomeric Aβ and glucose deprivation neurotoxicity, and treatments designed for the prevention of energy impairment, such as BHB, may be beneficial for rescuing surviving cells in relation to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen
- Programs of Nutrition Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Hsiang Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan 338, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-341-2500 (ext. 6193); Fax: +886-3-270-5904
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3
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Physiologic Functions and Therapeutic Applications of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Brain Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010031. [PMID: 36678660 PMCID: PMC9865019 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are an important therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. The homopentameric ligand-gated ion channel α7nAChR consists of five identical α7 subunits that are encoded by the CHRNA7 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha7 subunit) gene. Moreover, α7nAChRs are densely distributed throughout the hippocampus, cortex, and thalamus brain regions, but sparsely in the striatum, forebrain, and medulla. Compared with other nAChRs, α7nAChR binds with low affinity to the naturally occurring neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the non-specific exogenous agonist nicotine, and with high affinity to the specific antagonists α-bungarotoxin and methyllycaconitine. Reports indicate that α7nAChR plays important roles in neurotransmitter release, cognitive functioning, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response. Genetic variations that alter CHRNA7 mRNA and protein expression or cause α7nAChR dysfunction are associated with many brain disorders. Our previous studies revealed that α7nAChR exerts neuroprotection in AD by acting as a cargo receptor for binding the autophagosomal marker protein LC3 and engulfing extracellular neurotoxic Aβ1-42 during autophagic degradation of the α7nAChR-Aβ1-42 complex. However, the role of α7nAChRs in other diseases remains unknown. Here, we review and summarize the essential characteristics and current findings concerning α7nAChRs in four common brain diseases (AD, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression), which may elucidate the role of α7nAChRs and inform innovative research and novel treatments that target α7nAChRs in brain disease.
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4
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Minchev D, Kazakova M, Sarafian V. Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease-Novel Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314997. [PMID: 36499325 PMCID: PMC9735607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the accumulation of α-Synuclein aggregates and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra in the midbrain. Although the exact mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in PD remain largely elusive, various pathogenic factors, such as α-Synuclein cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory factors, may significantly impair normal neuronal function and promote apoptosis. In this context, neuroinflammation and autophagy have emerged as crucial processes in PD that contribute to neuronal loss and disease development. They are regulated in a complex interconnected manner involving most of the known PD-associated genes. This review summarizes evidence of the implication of neuroinflammation and autophagy in PD and delineates the role of inflammatory factors and autophagy-related proteins in this complex condition. It also illustrates the particular significance of plasma and serum immune markers in PD and their potential to provide a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danail Minchev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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5
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Shokhirev MN, Johnson AA. An integrative machine-learning meta-analysis of high-throughput omics data identifies age-specific hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101721. [PMID: 36029998 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incredibly complex and presently incurable age-related brain disorder. To better understand this debilitating disease, we collated and performed a meta-analysis on publicly available RNA-Seq, microarray, proteomics, and microRNA samples derived from AD patients and non-AD controls. 4089 samples originating from brain tissues and blood remained after applying quality filters. Since disease progression in AD correlates with age, we stratified this large dataset into three different age groups: < 75 years, 75-84 years, and ≥ 85 years. The RNA-Seq, microarray, and proteomics datasets were then combined into different integrated datasets. Ensemble machine learning was employed to identify genes and proteins that can accurately classify samples as either AD or control. These predictive inputs were then subjected to network-based enrichment analyses. The ability of genes/proteins associated with different pathways in the Molecular Signatures Database to diagnose AD was also tested. We separately identified microRNAs that can be used to make an AD diagnosis and subjected the predicted gene targets of the most predictive microRNAs to an enrichment analysis. The following key themes emerged from our machine learning and bioinformatics analyses: cell death, cellular senescence, energy metabolism, genomic integrity, glia, immune system, metal ion homeostasis, oxidative stress, proteostasis, and synaptic function. Many of the results demonstrated unique age-specificity. For example, terms highlighting cellular senescence only emerged in the earliest and intermediate age ranges while the majority of results relevant to cell death appeared in the youngest patients. Existing literature corroborates the importance of these hallmarks in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Yang C, Su C, Iyaswamy A, Krishnamoorthi SK, Zhu Z, Yang S, Tong BC, Liu J, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Guan X, Kan Y, Wu AJ, Huang AS, Tan J, Cheung K, Song J, Li M. Celastrol enhances transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated autophagy and mitigates Tau pathology: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1707-1722. [PMID: 35847498 PMCID: PMC9279716 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates including phosphorylated Tau aggregates, is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic agents. Autophagy plays a critical role in the degradation of phosphorylated Tau aggregates, and transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Thus, small-molecule autophagy enhancers targeting TFEB hold promise for AD therapy. Here, we found that celastrol, an active ingredient isolated from the root extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii (Lei Gong Teng in Chinese) enhanced TFEB-mediated autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in vitro and in mouse brains. Importantly, celastrol reduced phosphorylated Tau aggregates and attenuated memory dysfunction and cognitive deficits in P301S Tau and 3xTg mice, two commonly used AD animal models. Mechanistical studies suggest that TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal pathway is responsible for phosphorylated Tau degradation in response to celastrol. Overall, our findings indicate that Celastrol is a novel TFEB activator that promotes the degradation of phosphorylated Tau aggregates and improves memory in AD animal models. Therefore, Celastrol shows potential as a novel agent for the treatment and/or prevention of AD and other tauopathies.
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7
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Goldwaser EL, Acharya NK, Wu H, Godsey GA, Sarkar A, DeMarshall CA, Kosciuk MC, Nagele RG. Evidence that Brain-Reactive Autoantibodies Contribute to Chronic Neuronal Internalization of Exogenous Amyloid-β1-42 and Key Cell Surface Proteins During Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:345-361. [PMID: 32039847 PMCID: PMC7175946 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is a recognized early feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we examined consequences of increased BBB permeability on the development of AD-related pathology by tracking selected leaked plasma components and their interactions with neurons in vivo and in vitro. Histological sections of cortical regions of postmortem AD brains were immunostained to determine the distribution of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42), cathepsin D, IgG, GluR2/3, and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Results revealed that chronic IgG binding to pyramidal neurons coincided with internalization of Aβ42, IgG, GluR2/3, and α7nAChR as well as lysosomal compartment expansion in these cells in regions of AD pathology. To test possible mechanistic interrelationships of these phenomena, we exposed differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to exogenous, soluble Aβ42 peptide and serum from AD and control subjects. The rate and extent of Aβ42 internalization in these cells was enhanced by serum containing neuron-binding IgG autoantibodies. This was confirmed by treating cells with individual antibodies specific for α7nAChR, purified IgG from AD or non-AD sera, and sera devoid of IgG, in the presence of 100 nM Aβ42. Initial co-localization of IgG, α7nAChR, and Aβ42 was temporally and spatially linked to early endosomes (Rab11) and later to lysosomes (LAMP-1). Aβ42 internalization was attenuated by treatment with monovalent F(ab) antibody fragments generated from purified IgG from AD serum and then rescued by coupling F(ab) fragments with divalent human anti-Fab. Overall, results suggest that cross-linking of neuron-binding autoantibodies targeting cell surface proteins can accelerate intraneuronal Aβ42 deposition in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Goldwaser
- University of Maryland Medical Center and Sheppard Pratt Health System, Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Nimish K Acharya
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - George A Godsey
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Abhirup Sarkar
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Cassandra A DeMarshall
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Mary C Kosciuk
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Robert G Nagele
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
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8
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Xu ZQ, Zhang WJ, Su DF, Zhang GQ, Miao CY. Cellular responses and functions of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in the brain: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:509. [PMID: 33850906 PMCID: PMC8039675 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been studied for many years since its discovery. Although many functions and characteristics of brain α7nAChR are widely understood, much remains to be elucidated. The α7nAChR is widely expressed in the central nervous system, not only in neurons but also in astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells. α7nAChR can be activated by endogenous agonist like acetylcholine or exogenous agonists like nicotine and PNU282987. Its agonists can be divided into selective agonists and non-selective agonists. The activation of α7nAChR results in a series of physiological processes which have both short-term and long-term effects on cells, for example, calcium influx, neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and excitatory transmission. It also induces other downstream events, such as inflammation, autophagy, necrosis, transcription, and apoptosis. The cellular responses to α7nAChR activation vary according to cell types and conditions. For example, α7nAChR activation in pyramidal neurons leads to long-term potentiation, while α7nAChR activation in GABAergic interneurons leads to long-term depression. Studies have also shown some contradictory phenomena, which requires further study for clarification. Herein, the cellular responses of α7nAChR activation are summarized, and the functions of α7nAChR in neurons and non-neuronal cells are discussed. We also summarized contradictory conclusions to show where we stand and where to go for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Jia R, Bonifacino JS. The ubiquitin isopeptidase USP10 deubiquitinates LC3B to increase LC3B levels and autophagic activity. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100405. [PMID: 33577797 PMCID: PMC7960534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the autophagy machinery are subject to regulation by various posttranslational modifications. Previous studies showed that monoubiquitination of LC3B catalyzed by the ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA6 and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme/ubiquitin ligase BIRC6 targets LC3B for proteasomal degradation, thus reducing LC3B levels and autophagic activity under conditions of stress. However, mechanisms capable of counteracting this process are not known. Herein, we report that LC3B ubiquitination is reversed by the action of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP10. We identified USP10 in a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen for ubiquitination-related genes that regulate LC3B levels. Biochemical analyses showed that silencing of USP10 reduces the levels of both the LC3B-I and LC3B-II forms of LC3B through increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In turn, the reduced LC3B levels result in slower degradation of the autophagy receptors SQSTM1 and NBR1 and an increased accumulation of puromycin-induced aggresome-like structures. Taken together, these findings indicate that the levels of LC3B and autophagic activity are controlled through cycles of LC3B ubiquitination and deubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Cecarini V, Bonfili L, Gogoi O, Lawrence S, Venanzi FM, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P, Drumond MM, Rossi G, Berardi S, Galosi L, Cuccioloni M, Angeletti M, Suchodolski JS, Pilla R, Lidbury JA, Eleuteri AM. Neuroprotective effects of p62(SQSTM1)-engineered lactic acid bacteria in Alzheimer's disease: a pre-clinical study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15995-16020. [PMID: 32855357 PMCID: PMC7485699 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by neuron death ending in memory and cognitive decline. A major concern in AD research is the identification of new therapeutics that could prevent or delay the onset of the disorder, with current treatments being effective only in reducing symptoms. In this perspective, the use of engineered probiotics as therapeutic tools for the delivery of molecules to eukaryotic cells is finding application in several disorders. This work introduces a new strategy for AD treatment based on the use of a Lactobacilluslactis strain carrying one plasmid (pExu) that contains a eukaryotic expression cassette encoding the human p62 protein. 3xTg-AD mice orally administered with these bacteria for two months showed an increased expression of endogenous p62 in the brain, with a protein delivery mechanism involving both lymphatic vessels and neural terminations, and positive effects on the major AD hallmarks. Mice showed ameliorated memory, modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy, reduced levels of amyloid peptides, and diminished neuronal oxidative and inflammatory processes. Globally, we demonstrate that these extremely safe, non-pathogenic and non-invasive bacteria used as delivery vehicles for the p62 protein represent an innovative and realistic therapeutic approach in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cecarini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Olee Gogoi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Solomon Lawrence
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- FAMINAS- BH, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- FAMINAS- BH, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cuccioloni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
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11
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Ballon Romero SS, Lee YC, Fuh LJ, Chung HY, Hung SY, Chen YH. Analgesic and Neuroprotective Effects of Electroacupuncture in a Dental Pulp Injury Model-A Basic Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2628. [PMID: 32283868 PMCID: PMC7178196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible pulpitis is an extremely painful condition and its consequence in the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. A mouse model of dental pulp injury (DPI) resembles the irreversible pulpitis profile in humans. This study sought to determine whether pain induced by DPI activates microglia and astrocytes in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), as well as increases levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and whether electroacupuncture (EA) can be a potential analgesic and neuroprotective therapy following DPI. Pain behavior was measured via head-withdrawal threshold (HWT) and burrowing behavior at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after DPI. A marked decrease in HWT and burrowing activity was observed from day 1 to 14 after DPI and no changes were seen on day 21. Microglial and astrocytes activation; along with high cytokine (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels, were observed in the Vc at 21 days after DPI. These effects were attenuated by verum (local and distal) EA, as well as oral ibuprofen administration. The results suggest that DPI-induced pain and glial activations in the Vc and EA exert analgesic efficacy at both local and distal acupoints. Furthermore, verum (local and distal) EA might be associated with the modulations of microglial and astrocytes activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmely Sharon Ballon Romero
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University; Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Yi Chung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (S.S.B.R.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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12
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Lin MW, Chen YH, Yang HB, Lin CC, Hung SY. Galantamine Inhibits Aβ 1-42-Induced Neurotoxicity by Enhancing α7nAChR Expression as a Cargo Carrier for LC3 Binding and Aβ 1-42 Engulfment During Autophagic Degradation. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:676-689. [PMID: 31823156 PMCID: PMC7283419 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, no FDA-approved disease-modifying treatments have been approved for this condition since 2003. Neuronal-type alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) play an essential role in cognitive functions, binding with extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ plaques) and inhibiting Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. α7nAChRs are impaired early in the course of AD; drugs targeting α7nAChRs are being hotly pursued as a treatment of AD. Encenicline, a partial selective agonist of α7nAChR and modulator of acetylcholine, failed in phase III trials because of gastrointestinal side effects. We, therefore, evaluated the efficacy of galantamine, a positive allosteric modulator at α7nAChRs and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, that has been used since 2000 as first-line treatment of mild-to-moderate dementia. This study highlights an important new benefit with galantamine. We found that galantamine inhibits Aβ1-42-induced apoptosis by activating the JNK signaling pathway, thus enhancing α7nAChR expression, and also inhibits the Akt pathway, which further increases autophagosome biogenesis and autophagy. These effects can be reproduced by α7nAChR overexpression in the absence of galantamine. Importantly, the α7 subunit protein sequence of α7nAChRs contains 3 LC3-interacting regions; our immunoprecipitation data show that α7 binds with the autophagosomal marker protein LC3. This is the first report to provide evidence showing that the cell surface receptor α7nAChR acts as a cargo carrier for LC3 binding for Aβ1-42 sequestration to autophagosomes, suggesting a novel mechanism for the neuroprotective efficacy of galantamine in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ben Yang
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40249, Taiwan
| | - Chi Chien Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40249, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
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13
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Wu Q, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang H. CB2R orchestrates neuronal autophagy through regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway in the hippocampus of developing rats with status epilepticus. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:475-484. [PMID: 31894322 PMCID: PMC6984801 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal loss and gliosis are the major pathological changes after status epilepticus (SE). The authors' previous study revealed the time-dependent changes of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) in hippocampal neurons of developing rats after SE, which were accompanied by a decrease in the number of neurons. Meanwhile, growing evidence indicates that CB2R stimulation exerts anti-convulsant properties in seizure models. However, the activation of CB2R in neuronal repair in response to the damage after SE is still unclear. In this experiment, a highly-selective CB2R agonist JWH133 and antagonist AM630 were administered to determine the activity of CB2R in neuronal autophagy and apoptosis of the post-SE repair in developing rats. The present results revealed that activation of CB2R by JWH133, not only obviously lowered the success rate, 24-h death rate and the Racine stage in the model, but also extended the latency period to SE. In addition, compared with the vehicle control group, CB2R activation increased neuronal autophagy and the expression of phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR)/mTOR, Beclin-1, and LC3II/LC3I while decreasing the expression of p-Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK-1)/ULK1, p62, and cleaved caspase-3. These results were dose-dependent and were especially evident in the high-dose group, and interestingly the opposite results were obtained in the AM630 group. Thus, CB2R orchestrates neuronal autophagy through regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway in the hippocampus of developing rats with SE. These findings might provide an important basis for further investigation of the therapeutic role of CB2R in ameliorating epilepsy-related neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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14
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Jia R, Bonifacino JS. Negative regulation of autophagy by UBA6-BIRC6-mediated ubiquitination of LC3. eLife 2019; 8:e50034. [PMID: 31692446 PMCID: PMC6863627 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the process of autophagy has been extensively studied, the mechanisms that regulate it remain insufficiently understood. To identify novel autophagy regulators, we performed a whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in H4 human neuroglioma cells expressing endogenous LC3B tagged with a tandem of GFP and mCherry. Using this methodology, we identified the ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA6 and the hybrid ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme/ubiquitin ligase BIRC6 as autophagy regulators. We found that these enzymes cooperate to monoubiquitinate LC3B, targeting it for proteasomal degradation. Knockout of UBA6 or BIRC6 increased autophagic flux under conditions of nutrient deprivation or protein synthesis inhibition. Moreover, UBA6 or BIRC6 depletion decreased the formation of aggresome-like induced structures in H4 cells, and α-synuclein aggregates in rat hippocampal neurons. These findings demonstrate that UBA6 and BIRC6 negatively regulate autophagy by limiting the availability of LC3B. Inhibition of UBA6/BIRC6 could be used to enhance autophagic clearance of protein aggregates in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology DivisionEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology DivisionEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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15
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Wei Y, Zhou J, Wu J, Huang J. ERβ promotes Aβ degradation via the modulation of autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:565. [PMID: 31332160 PMCID: PMC6646346 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation is considered as a primary cause of AD pathogenesis, with defective autophagy in patients' brains. Enhanced autophagic activity has been reported to promote Aβ clearance in vitro and in vivo models. Meanwhile, there is growing evidence that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is a viable therapeutic target that can ameliorate the pathological features associated with AD. Very little is known about the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between ERβ, autophagy, and Aβ degradation in AD. This study aims to uncover whether ERβ participates in autophagy and promotes extracellular Aβ1-42 degradation through the autophagy-lysosome system. Here we find that overexpression of ERβ caused autophagic activation as seen by increased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) degradation, LC3 punctate distribution, autophagosome, and autolysosome accumulation. In addition, we show that ERβ could induce autophagy through direct protein-protein interaction with ATG7 (E1-like enzyme). Furthermore, ERβ-mediated decrease in Aβ1-42 was blocked by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) in SH-SY5Y cells and the HEK293T (AβPPsw) model. Aβ1-42 or CQ induced cytotoxicity was restored by a selective ERβ activator diarylpropionitrile (DPN). Collectively, these data indicate that overexpression of ERβ exerts a neuroprotective effect through interacting with ATG7 protein and further enhances autophagy-lysosomal activity for Aβ1-42 clearance at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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16
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yang T, Liu C, Wang P. Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B Suppresses β-Amyloid-Induced Neuron Apoptosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:135. [PMID: 31231206 PMCID: PMC6560161 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles induced by phosphorylation of tau protein, and neuronal apoptosis are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The dementia rate in alcoholic abusers were found to be higher than in control people. The present study explored the potential roles of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) in AD pathology by determining the ADH1B levels in AD patient sera, in the hippocampus of APP/PS-1 AD model mice, and in an AD model cell line treated with Aβ1-42. The results show that ADH1B levels decreased significantly both in the serum of AD patients and in the hippocampus of APP/PS-1 AD model mice. In addition, the apoptotic rate was reduced and viability was significantly increased in AD model cells transfected with ADH1B overexpression vector. The levels of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), an Aβ1-42 receptor, were down-regulated in the ADH1B overexpressing AD model cell and up-regulated in cells transfected with the shRNA vector of ADH1B. Protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax decreased significantly, whereas Bcl-2 levels increased in cells overexpressing ADH1B. The opposite trend was observed for cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels in cells transfected with the shRNA vector of ADH1B. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found to be reduced in ADH1B overexpressing cells and increased when cells were transfected with the shRNA vector of ADH1B. These results indicate that ADH1B might be important in the prevention of AD, especially for abusers of alcohol, and a potential new target of AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengeng Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Li F, Yang B, Li T, Gong X, Zhou F, Hu Z. HSPB8 over-expression prevents disruption of blood-brain barrier by promoting autophagic flux after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Neurochem 2018; 148:97-113. [PMID: 30422312 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock protein B8 (HSPB8) has been recently reported to confer neuroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cerebral injury in vivo and in vitro. However, the molecular mechanism is still elusive. This study focused on the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) delivery of lenti-HSPB8 virus against neurological injury in a rat model of cerebral I/R and explored the underlying mechanism. We found that lentivirus i.c.v injection-induced HSPB8 over-expression strongly alleviated infarct volume, improved neurobehavioral outcomes, and reduced brain edema in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model. Concomitantly, HSPB8 over-expression noticeably prevented blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after cerebral I/R injury as indicated by the reduction in Evans blue leakage and IgG detection in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the vehicle group. Moreover, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining of tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin showed that HSPB8 over-expression prevented the degradation of these proteins induced by MCAO/R, which indicated the protective effect of HSPB8 on BBB. Western blotting and immunostaining techniques were also utilized to analyze the expression of the markers of autophagy. We found that HSPB8 over-expression promoted autophagic flux, evidenced by increased ratio of LC3 I/II, accumulation of Beclin-1 expression and enhanced p62 degradation. i.c.v injection of 15 μg autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was applied at the onset of reperfusion. The results showed that 3-MA elicited a significant loss of the protective effect of HSPB8 against MCAO/R-induced neurological defect, Evans blue extravasation, and the loss tight junction proteins, suggesting that the BBB protective role of HSPB8 was, at least in part, mediated through autophagy. Collectively, HSPB8 may represent a potential therapeutic agent for preserving BBB integrity following cerebral I/R injury. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiyu Gong
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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18
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Yang Y, Ma F, Liu Z, Su Q, Liu Y, Liu Z, Li Y. The ER-localized Ca 2+-binding protein calreticulin couples ER stress to autophagy by associating with microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:772-782. [PMID: 30429217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is of key importance for eliminating aggregated proteins during the maintenance of cellular proteostasis in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the upstream signaling that mediates autophagy activation in response to ER stress is incompletely understood. In this study, in vivo and in vitro approaches were utilized that include gain- and loss-of-function assays and mouse livers and human cell lines with tunicamycin-induced pharmacological ER stress. We report that calreticulin, a quality control chaperone that binds to misfolded glycoproteins for refolding in the ER, is induced under ER stress. Calreticulin overexpression stimulated the formation of autophagosomes and increased autophagic flux. Interestingly, calreticulin was sufficient for attenuating ER stress in tunicamycin- or thapsigargin-treated HeLa cells, whereas lentivirus-mediated shRNA calreticulin knockdown exacerbated ER stress. Mechanistically, we noted that calreticulin induces autophagy by interacting with microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3). Confocal microscopy revealed that the colocalization of calreticulin and LC3 at the autophagosome was enhanced under ER stress conditions. Importantly, a conserved LC3-interacting region was necessary for calreticulin-mediated stimulation of autophagy and for reducing ER stress. These findings indicate a calreticulin-based mechanism that couples ER stress to autophagy activation, which, in turn, attenuates cellular stress, likely by alleviating the formation of aberrantly folded proteins. Pharmacological or genetic approaches that activate calreticulin-autophagy signaling may have potential for managing ER stress and related cellular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Yang
- From CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fengguang Ma
- From CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhengshuai Liu
- From CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Su
- From CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- From CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhixue Liu
- From CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Li
- From CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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19
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Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alleviates Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity via downregulation of p38 and JNK MAPK signaling pathways. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:238-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Sitagliptin enhances the neuroprotective effect of pregabalin against pentylenetetrazole-induced acute epileptogenesis in mice: Implication of oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic and autophagy pathways. Neurochem Int 2018; 115:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Lin JG, Lee YC, Tu CH, MacDonald I, Chung HY, Luo ST, Hung SY, Chen YH. Histamine H1Receptor Antagonists Facilitate Electroacupuncture Analgesia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:55-68. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of the histamine H1receptor antagonists, chlorpheniramine (CHL) and pyrilamine, on the analgesic effects of acupuncture in mice. Nociceptive response was evaluated by the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhe test. Electroacupuncture (EA) at bilateral ST36 reduced the manifestations of acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, whereas needle insertion without electrostimulation had no such effect. Notably, EA treatment was not associated with any analgesic effects in mice pretreated with naloxone. Low doses of CHL (0.6[Formula: see text]mg/kg; p.o.) or pyrilamine (2.5[Formula: see text]mg/kg; i.p.) as monotherapy did not affect acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing. However, when each agent was combined with EA, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing was reduced by a greater extent when compared with EA alone. Interestingly, the effects of CHL on acupuncture analgesia were not completely reversed by naloxone treatment. Acetic acid induced increases of phospho-p38 expression in spinal cord, as determined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. These effects were attenuated by EA at ST36 and by low doses of histamine H1receptor antagonists, alone or in combination. Our findings show that relatively low doses of histamine H1receptor antagonists facilitate EA analgesia via non-opioid receptors. These results suggest a useful strategy for increasing the efficacy of EA analgesia in a clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Iona MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Ting Luo
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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22
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Liu G, Coyne AN, Pei F, Vaughan S, Chaung M, Zarnescu DC, Buchan JR. Endocytosis regulates TDP-43 toxicity and turnover. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2092. [PMID: 29233983 PMCID: PMC5727062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disease. ALS-affected motor neurons exhibit aberrant localization of a nuclear RNA binding protein, TDP-43, into cytoplasmic aggregates, which contributes to pathology via unclear mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that TDP-43 turnover and toxicity depend in part upon the endocytosis pathway. TDP-43 inhibits endocytosis, and co-localizes strongly with endocytic proteins, including in ALS patient tissue. Impairing endocytosis increases TDP-43 toxicity, aggregation, and protein levels, whereas enhancing endocytosis reverses these phenotypes. Locomotor dysfunction in a TDP-43 ALS fly model is also exacerbated and suppressed by impairment and enhancement of endocytic function, respectively. Thus, endocytosis dysfunction may be an underlying cause of ALS pathology. Impaired turnover of TDP-43 by impaired autophagy or proteasomal function have been suggested to be the cause of TDP-43 accumulation, a hallmark of ALS. Here the authors demonstrate that endocytosis is also important for regulating TDP-43 turnover and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alyssa N Coyne
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Fen Pei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Spencer Vaughan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Matthew Chaung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - J Ross Buchan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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23
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Du F, Yu Q, Yan S, Hu G, Lue LF, Walker DG, Wu L, Yan SF, Tieu K, Yan SS. PINK1 signalling rescues amyloid pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2017; 140:3233-3251. [PMID: 29077793 PMCID: PMC5841141 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage are early pathological features of the Alzheimer's disease-affected brain. Memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease is a manifestation of brain pathologies such as accumulation of amyloid-β peptide and mitochondrial damage. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms and effective disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that decreased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) expression is associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology. Restoring neuronal PINK1 function strikingly reduces amyloid-β levels, amyloid-associated pathology, oxidative stress, as well as mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction. In contrast, PINK1-deficient mAPP mice augmented cerebral amyloid-β accumulation, mitochondrial abnormalities, impairments in learning and memory, as well as synaptic plasticity at an earlier age than mAPP mice. Notably, gene therapy-mediated PINK1 overexpression promotes the clearance of damaged mitochondria by augmenting autophagy signalling via activation of autophagy receptors (OPTN and NDP52), thereby alleviating amyloid-β-induced loss of synapses and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease mice. Loss of PINK1 activity or blockade of PINK1-mediated signalling (OPTN or NDP52) fails to reverse amyloid-β-induced detrimental effects. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism by which PINK1-dependent signalling promotes the rescue of amyloid pathology and amyloid-β-mediated mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunctions in a manner requiring activation of autophagy receptor OPTN or NDP52. Thus, activation of PINK1 may represent a new therapeutic avenue for combating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Shijun Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Lih-Fen Lue
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85281, USA
| | | | - Long Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Shi Fang Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
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24
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Lin JG, Chen CJ, Yang HB, Chen YH, Hung SY. Electroacupuncture Promotes Recovery of Motor Function and Reduces Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091846. [PMID: 28837077 PMCID: PMC5618495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The pathological hallmark of PD is a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta in the brain, ultimately resulting in severe striatal dopamine deficiency and the development of primary motor symptoms (e.g., resting tremor, bradykinesia) in PD. Acupuncture has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat PD for the control of tremor and pain. Accumulating evidence has shown that using electroacupuncture (EA) as a complementary therapy ameliorates motor symptoms of PD. However, the most appropriate timing for EA intervention and its effect on dopamine neuronal protection remain unclear. Thus, this study used the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mouse model (systemic-lesioned by intraperitoneal injection) and the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-lesioned rat model (unilateral-lesioned by intra-SN infusion) of PD, to explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of EA at the GB34 (Yanglingquan) and LR3 (Taichong) acupoints. We found that EA increased the latency to fall from the accelerating rotarod and improved striatal dopamine levels in the MPTP studies. In the MPP+ studies, EA inhibited apomorphine induced rotational behavior and locomotor activity, and demonstrated neuroprotective effects via the activation of survival pathways of Akt and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the SN region. In conclusion, we observed that EA treatment reduces motor symptoms of PD and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rodent models, whether EA is given as a pretreatment or after the initiation of disease symptoms. The results indicate that EA treatment may be an effective therapy for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Bin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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25
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major form of senile dementia, characterized by progressive memory and neuronal loss combined with cognitive impairment. AD is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, affecting one-fifth of those aged over 85 years. Recent therapeutic approaches have been strongly influenced by five neuropathological hallmarks of AD: acetylcholine deficiency, glutamate excitotoxicity, extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ plague), formation of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NTFs), and neuroinflammation. The lowered concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) in AD result in a progressive and significant loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Current AD medications, memantine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) alleviate some of these symptoms by enhancing cholinergic signaling, but they are not curative. Since 2003, no new drugs have been approved for the treatment of AD. This article focuses on the current research in clinical trials targeting the neuropathological findings of AD including acetylcholine response, glutamate transmission, Aβ clearance, tau protein deposits, and neuroinflammation. These investigations include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, agonists and antagonists of neurotransmitter receptors, β-secretase (BACE) or γ-secretase inhibitors, vaccines or antibodies targeting Aβ clearance or tau protein, as well as anti-inflammation compounds. Ongoing Phase III clinical trials via passive immunotherapy against Aβ peptides (crenezumab, gantenerumab, and aducanumab) seem to be promising. Using small molecules blocking 5-HT6 serotonin receptor (intepirdine), inhibiting BACE activity (E2609, AZD3293, and verubecestat), or reducing tau aggregation (TRx0237) are also currently in Phase III clinical trials. We here systemically review the findings from recent clinical trials to provide a comprehensive review of novel therapeutic compounds in the treatment and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Mei Fu
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051 Taiwan
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26
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Arrestins contribute to amyloid beta-induced cell death via modulation of autophagy and the α7nAch receptor in SH-SY5Y cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3446. [PMID: 28611418 PMCID: PMC5469748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is believed to contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we showed that Aβ25-35 rapidly caused activation of autophagy, subsequently leading to reduction of autophagy associated with cellular apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that the accumulation of β-arrestin 1 (ARRB1) caused by Aβ25-35 contributed to the induction of autophagic flux. The depletion of ARRB1 led to decreases in the expression of LC3B, Atg7, and Beclin-1, which are essential for the initiation of autophagy. ARRB1 depletion also reduced downstream ERK activity and promoted Aβ25-35-induced cell death. As with ARRB1, transient upregulation of ARRB2 by Aβ25-35 was observed after short treatment durations, whereas genetic reduction of ARRB2 caused a marked increase in the expression of the α7nAch receptor at the cell surface, which resulted in partial reversal of Aβ25-35-induced cell death. Although expression of both ARRB1 and ARRB2 was reduced in serum from patients with AD, the levels of ARRB1 were much lower than those of ARRB2 in AD. Thus, our findings indicate that ARRB1/2 play different roles in Aβ25-35 cytotoxicity, which may provide additional support for exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of AD.
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27
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Wang J, Li Y, Huang WH, Zeng XC, Li XH, Li J, Zhou J, Xiao J, Xiao B, Ouyang DS, Hu K. The Protective Effect of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Against Status Epilepticus by Inducing Autophagy and Inhibiting Necroptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:557-573. [PMID: 28387136 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a famous traditional Chinese medicine which exhibits anti-oxidative stress ability and neuro-protective effects. Aucubin is the predominant component of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Our present study is intended to investigate aucubin's potential protective effects on neurons against epilepsy in the hippocampus by establishing the lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) rat model in vivo. Aucubin (at a low dose and a high dose of 5[Formula: see text]mg/kg and 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg, respectively) was administered through gavage for two weeks before lithium-pilocarpine injection. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 24 and 72[Formula: see text]h after SE induction. Pretreatment with both low-dose and high-dose aucubin significantly reduced the number of death neurons ([Formula: see text]) and increased the number of surviving neurons ([Formula: see text]) in DG, Hilus, CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions post SE. Meanwhile, it significantly inhibited necroptosis proteins (MLKL and RIP-1) ([Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]) and enhanced autophagy protein (Beclin-1 and LC3BII/LC3BI) prevalence in the hippocampus ([Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]). In conclusion, aucubin appeared to ameliorate damages in lithium-pilocarpine induced SE in hippocampus, reduce the number of apoptotic neurons, and increased the number of survival neurons by inducing autophagy and inhibiting necroptosis. These original findings might provide an important basis for the further investigation of the therapeutic role of aucubin in treatment or prevention of epilepsy-related neuronal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- ** Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- †† Department of Healthy Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- † Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,∥ Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Chang Zeng
- † Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,∥ Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- ** Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- ‡ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- § Medical Science Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- ¶ Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- * Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ouyang
- † Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,∥ Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Kai Hu
- * Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
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28
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Wang J, Liu Y, Li XH, Zeng XC, Li J, Zhou J, Xiao B, Hu K. Curcumin protects neuronal cells against status-epilepticus-induced hippocampal damage through induction of autophagy and inhibition of necroptosis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:501-509. [PMID: 28177687 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus, the most severe form of epilepsy, is characterized by progressive functional and structural damage in the hippocampus, ultimately leading to the development and clinical appearance of spontaneous, recurrent seizures. Although the pathogenesis underlying epileptogenesis processes remains unclear, a substantial body of evidence has shown that status epilepticus acts as an important initial factor in triggering epileptogenesis. Notably, besides classical cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis, 2 novel regulators of cell fate known as necroptosis and autophagy, are demonstrated to be involved in neuronal damage in various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, whether necroptosis and autophagy play a role in post-status-epilepticus rat hippocampus and other epilepsy mechanisms deserves further research effort. In addition, research is needed to determine whether compounds from traditional Chinese herbs possess antiepileptic effects through the modulation of necroptosis and autophagy. In this study, we found that curcumin, a polyphenolic phytochemical extracted from the Curcuma longa plant, protects neuronal cells against status-epilepticus-induced hippocampal neuronal damage in the lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus rat model through induction of autophagy and inhibition of necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- a Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- b Department of Anesthesia, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- a Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiang-Chang Zeng
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,d Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jian Li
- e Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- f Medical Science Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- g Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Kai Hu
- g Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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29
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Lin JG, Lee YC, Tseng CH, Chen DY, Shih CY, MacDonald I, Hung SY, Chen YH. Electroacupuncture inhibits pruritogen-induced spinal microglial activation in mice. Brain Res 2016; 1649:23-29. [PMID: 27396909 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether electroacupuncture (EA) represses pruritogen-induced microglial activation. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of the pruritogen 5'-guanidinonaltrindole (GNTI; 0.3mg/kg) to the back of the neck in mice induced acute expression of the ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in both gray and white matter of the spinal cord, with the highest expression in the dorsal horn area. EA application (2Hz) to LI4 and LI11 attenuated GNTI-induced scratching behavior and repressed GNTI-induced Iba1 expression and Iba1 (+) microglia in the dorsal horn. In contrast, EA at the ST36 acupoint had no such effects. Confocal image analysis revealed co-expression of phosphorylated p38 and Iba1 in microglia with EA at the ST36 acupoint, but not at the LI4 or LI11 acupoints. In Western blot analysis, s.c. injection of GNTI to the back of the neck increased Iba1 and phospho-p38 expression in the spinal cord as compared with injection of saline, while EA at LI4 and LI11 reduced GNTI-induced expression of Iba1 and phospho-p38. These findings indicate that EA at LI4 and LI11, but not at ST36, reduces GNTI-induced microglial activation in the mouse spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Yin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yun Shih
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Iona MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Division of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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30
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Shariatpanahi M, Khodagholi F, Ashabi G, Bonakdar Yazdi B, Hassani S, Azami K, Abdollahi M, Noorbakhsh F, Taghizadeh G, Sharifzadeh M. The involvement of protein kinase G inhibitor in regulation of apoptosis and autophagy markers in spatial memory deficit induced by Aβ. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:364-75. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Shariatpanahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- NeuroBiology Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology; Physiology Research Center; School of Medicine; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
| | - Behnoosh Bonakdar Yazdi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Kian Azami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience; Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology in Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Neuroscience; Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology in Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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31
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Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway for the degradation and recycling of intracellular components, contributing to maintain cell homeostasis. Changes in autophagy activity can be monitored by a variety of biochemical and functional assays that should be used in combination. Recently, it has been described that signaling from the primary cilium modulates autophagy. This novel and reciprocal interaction will impact diverse aspects of the cell biology in healthy and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we describe methods to monitor autophagy activity in cilia mutants, as well as the use of autophagy mutants to monitor ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Hegner Satir
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Olatz Pampliega
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bât 3B 1er étage, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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32
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Asadi F, Jamshidi AH, Khodagholi F, Yans A, Azimi L, Faizi M, Vali L, Abdollahi M, Ghahremani MH, Sharifzadeh M. Reversal effects of crocin on amyloid β-induced memory deficit: Modification of autophagy or apoptosis markers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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