1
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Boron-containing compounds on neurons: Actions and potential applications for treating neurodegenerative diseases. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112027. [PMID: 36345068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCC) exert effects on neurons. After the expanding of both the identification and synthesis of new BCC, novel effects in living systems have been reported, many of these involving neuronal action. In this review, the actions of BCC on neurons are described; the effects have been inferred by boron deprivation or addition. Also, the effects can be related to those mediated by interaction on ionic channels, G-protein coupled receptors, or other receptors exerting modification on neuronal behavior. Additionally, BCC have exhibited effects by the modulation of inflammation or oxidative processes. BCC are expanding as drugs. Deprivation of boron sources from the diet shows the role of some natural BCC. However, the observations of several new synthesized compounds suggest their ability to act with attractive potency, efficacy, and long-term action on neuronal receptors or processes related with the origin and evolution of neurodegenerative processes. The details of BCC-target interactions are currently being elucidated in progress, as those observed from BCC-protein crystal complexes. Taking all of the above into account, the expansion is presumably near to having studies on the application of BCC as drugs on specific targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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2
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Kwan C, Lévesque C, Bédard D, Frouni I, Yesuf JM, Hamadjida A, Lévesque D, Clarke PB, Huot P. Autoradiographic labelling of 5-HT 3 receptors in the hemi-parkinsonian rat brain. Neurosci Res 2021; 177:135-144. [PMID: 34954302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the mainstay treatment for Parkinson's disease, but its effectiveness during early disease is marred by the eventual development of L-DOPA induced dyskinesia. In hemi-parkinsonian rats, the serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) antagonists ondansetron and granisetron alleviated dyskinesia induced by L-DOPA without impeding its anti-parkinsonian action; in parkinsonian marmosets, ondansetron alleviated dyskinesia and enhanced L-DOPA anti-parkinsonian action. Here, we sought to gain insight into the mechanisms governing the anti-dyskinetic action of 5-HT3 antagonists and measured their levels across different brain, using [3H]GR65630 autoradiographic binding. Brain sections were chosen from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats exhibiting abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), as well as L-DOPA-naïve 6-OHDA and sham-lesioned animals. [3H]GR65630 binding increased in the ipsilateral subthalamic nucleus of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats with mild and severe AIMs, (3-fold changes, P < 0.001). [3H]GR65630 binding also increased in the ipsilateral entopeduncular nucleus and thalamus of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats with severe AIMs (75% and 88%, P < 0.05). AIMs scores negatively correlated with [3H]GR65630 binding in the ipsilateral dorsolateral striatum and contralateral subthalamic nucleus (P < 0.05). These results suggest that alterations in 5-HT3 mediated neurotransmission may contribute to the pathophysiology of L-DOPA induced dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kwan
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dominique Bédard
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Imane Frouni
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jemal M Yesuf
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adjia Hamadjida
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Lévesque
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Bs Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Huot
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Movement Disorder Clinic, Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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3
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Borgarelli C, Klingl YE, Escamilla-Ayala A, Munck S, Van Den Bosch L, De Borggraeve WM, Ismalaj E. Lighting Up the Plasma Membrane: Development and Applications of Fluorescent Ligands for Transmembrane Proteins. Chemistry 2021; 27:8605-8641. [PMID: 33733502 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that transmembrane proteins represent the main therapeutic targets for decades, complete and in-depth knowledge about their biochemical and pharmacological profiling is not fully available. In this regard, target-tailored small-molecule fluorescent ligands are a viable approach to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle. Such tools, coupled with the ability of high-precision optical techniques to image with an unprecedented resolution at a single-molecule level, helped unraveling many of the conundrums related to plasma proteins' life-cycle and druggability. Herein, we review the recent progress made during the last two decades in fluorescent ligand design and potential applications in fluorescence microscopy of voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels and G-coupled protein receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Borgarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvonne E Klingl
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain &, Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abril Escamilla-Ayala
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 - box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 - box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain &, Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ermal Ismalaj
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Beswick P, Wahab B, Honey MA, Paradowski M, Jiang K, Lochner M, Murrell-Lagnado RD, Thompson AJ. A challenge finding P2X1 and P2X4 ligands. Neuropharmacology 2019; 157:107674. [PMID: 31238045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Identifying novel small-molecule P2X1 and P2X4 ligands with sub-type specificity and high-affinity remains a pharmacological challenge. Here we use computational methods, electrophysiology and fluorescent microplate assays to screen for ligand candidates acting at these receptors. Modelling and docking identified 80 compounds for testing at P2X4 receptors, and 20 of these showed >50% inhibition in fluorescence-based assays, making them appealing for further SAR studies. Confirmation of activity by two-electrode voltage clamp, followed by their elaboration resulted in only minor improvements in potency, with the highest IC50 being 295 μM. Testing on P2X1 receptors, resulted in a series of biguanide compounds that yielded a maximum IC50 of 100 μM, but no consistent SAR could be found. Potencies of established antagonists gave expected results, although the measured potencies varied between techniques and no antagonism could be found for compounds such as paroxetine, carbamazepine, 9(10H)-acridanone, acridinol and phenoxazine-type heterocycles. This study highlights the challenge of identifying P2X4 and P2X1 ligands and suggests that a combination of complimentary approaches is needed if we are to be confident of ligand activities at these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Beswick
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Ben Wahab
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Mark A Honey
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Ke Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth D Murrell-Lagnado
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Otvos RA, Still KBM, Somsen GW, Smit AB, Kool J. Drug Discovery on Natural Products: From Ion Channels to nAChRs, from Nature to Libraries, from Analytics to Assays. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2019; 24:362-385. [PMID: 30682257 PMCID: PMC6484542 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218822098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural extracts are complex mixtures that may be rich in useful bioactive compounds and therefore are attractive sources for new leads in drug discovery. This review describes drug discovery from natural products and in explaining this process puts the focus on ion-channel drug discovery. In particular, the identification of bioactives from natural products targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and serotonin type 3 receptors (5-HT3Rs) is discussed. The review is divided into three parts: "Targets," "Sources," and "Approaches." The "Targets" part will discuss the importance of ion-channel drug targets in general, and the α7-nAChR and 5-HT3Rs in particular. The "Sources" part will discuss the relevance for drug discovery of finding bioactive compounds from various natural sources such as venoms and plant extracts. The "Approaches" part will give an overview of classical and new analytical approaches that are used for the identification of new bioactive compounds with the focus on targeting ion channels. In addition, a selected overview is given of traditional venom-based drug discovery approaches and of diverse hyphenated analytical systems used for screening complex bioactive mixtures including venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka A. Otvos
- The Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina B. M. Still
- The Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- The Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- The Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Jack T, Leuenberger M, Ruepp MD, Vernekar SKV, Thompson AJ, Braga-Lagache S, Heller M, Lochner M. Mapping the Orthosteric Binding Site of the Human 5-HT 3 Receptor Using Photo-cross-linking Antagonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:438-450. [PMID: 30149702 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin-gated 5-HT3 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel. Its location at the synapse in the central and peripheral nervous system has rendered it a prime pharmacological target, for example, for antiemetic drugs that bind with high affinity to the neurotransmitter binding site and prevent the opening of the channel. Advances in structural biology techniques have led to a surge of disclosed three-dimensional receptor structures; however, solving ligand-bound high-resolution 5-HT3 receptor structures has not been achieved to date. Ligand binding poses in the orthosteric binding site have been largely predicted from mutagenesis and docking studies. We report the synthesis of a series of photo-cross-linking compounds whose structures are based on the clinically used antiemetic drug granisetron (Kytril). These displaced [3H]granisetron from the orthosteric binding site with low nanomolar affinities and showed specific photo-cross-linking with the human 5-HT3 receptor. Detailed analysis by protein-MS/MS identified a residue (Met-228) near the tip of binding loop C as the covalent modification site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michele Leuenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K
| | - Sophie Braga-Lagache
- Department of BioMedical Research, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Department of BioMedical Research, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lochner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Thompson AJ, Metzger S, Lochner M, Ruepp MD. The binding orientation of epibatidine at α7 nACh receptors. Neuropharmacology 2017; 116:421-428. [PMID: 28089847 PMCID: PMC5390772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epibatidine is an alkaloid toxin that binds with high affinity to nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and has been extensively used as a research tool. To examine binding interactions at the nicotinic receptor, it has been co-crystallised with the structural homologue acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP; PDB ID 2BYQ), and with an AChBP chimaera (3SQ6) that shares 64% sequence identity with the α7 nACh receptor. However, the binding orientations revealed by AChBP co-crystal structures may not precisely represent their receptor homologues and experimental evidence is needed to verify the ligand poses. Here we identify potential binding site interactions between epibatidine and AChBP residues, and substitute equivalent positions in the α7 nACh receptor. The effects of these are probed by [3H]epibatidine binding following the expression α7 nACh receptor cysteine mutants in HEK 293 cells. Of the sixteen mutants created, the affinity of epibatidine was unaffected by the substitutions Q55C, L106C, L116C, T146C, D160C and S162C, reduced by C186A and C187A, increased by Q114C and S144C, and abolished by W53C, Y91C, N104C, W145C, Y184C and Y191C. These results are consistent with the predicted orientations in AChBP and suggest that epibatidine is likely to occupy a similar location at α7 nACh receptors. We speculate that steric constraints placed upon the C-5 position of the pyridine ring in 3SQ6 may account for the relatively poor affinities of epibatidine derivatives that are substituted at this position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Metzger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lochner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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8
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Expression, Biochemistry, and Stabilization with Camel Antibodies of Membrane Proteins: Case Study of the Mouse 5-HT3 Receptor. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1635:139-168. [PMID: 28755368 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7151-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of mammalian protein expression systems, and in the use of antibody-derived chaperones, for structural studies. Here, we describe protocols ranging from the production of recombinant membrane proteins in stable inducible cell lines to biophysical characterization of purified membrane proteins in complex with llama antibody domains. These protocols were used to solve the structure of the mouse 5-HT3 serotonin receptor but are of broad applicability for crystallization or cryo-electron microscopy projects.
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Lochner M, Thompson AJ. The muscarinic antagonists scopolamine and atropine are competitive antagonists at 5-HT3 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:220-8. [PMID: 27108935 PMCID: PMC4920643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scopolamine is a high affinity muscarinic antagonist that is used for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are used for the same purpose and are structurally related to scopolamine. To examine whether 5-HT3 receptors are affected by scopolamine we examined the effects of this drug on the electrophysiological and ligand binding properties of 5-HT3A receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes and HEK293 cells, respectively. 5-HT3 receptor-responses were reversibly inhibited by scopolamine with an IC50 of 2.09 μM. Competitive antagonism was shown by Schild plot (pA2 = 5.02) and by competition with the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists [(3)H]granisetron (Ki = 6.76 μM) and G-FL (Ki = 4.90 μM). The related molecule, atropine, similarly inhibited 5-HT evoked responses in oocytes with an IC50 of 1.74 μM, and competed with G-FL with a Ki of 7.94 μM. The reverse experiment revealed that granisetron also competitively bound to muscarinic receptors (Ki = 6.5 μM). In behavioural studies scopolamine is used to block muscarinic receptors and induce a cognitive deficit, and centrally administered concentrations can exceed the IC50 values found here. It is therefore possible that 5-HT3 receptors are also inhibited. Studies that utilise higher concentrations of scopolamine should be mindful of these potential off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lochner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
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Thompson AJ, Lochner M. Lighting up neuroscience. Neuropharmacology 2015; 98:1-2. [PMID: 26449869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Lochner
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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