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Synan C, Bowen C, Heal DJ, Froger-Colléaux C, Beardsley PM, Dedic N, Hopkins SC, Campbell U, Koblan KS. Ulotaront, a novel TAAR1 agonist with 5-HT1A agonist activity, lacks abuse liability and attenuates cocaine cue-induced relapse in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 231:109261. [PMID: 35033729 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulotaront (SEP-363856) is a trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist with 5-hydroxytryptamine type 1A (5-HT1A) agonist activity that is currently in Phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia. Unlike available antipsychotics, the efficacy of ulotaront is not mediated by blockade of dopamine D2 or serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. In a short-term randomized clinical trial, ulotaront has demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of adults with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Given ulotaront's novel mechanism of action a series of preclinical studies were performed to evaluate its potential abuse liability. METHODS A battery of studies were conducted in male and female rats to evaluate whether ulotaront produces behavioral changes suggestive of human abuse potential. In addition, studies were undertaken to probe the potential for ulotaront to block reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in male rats. RESULTS Ulotaront was not self-administered by rats trained to self-administer amphetamine, cocaine, or heroin. The subjective qualities of ulotaront were distinct from those produced by amphetamine in a drug discrimination procedure. Ulotaront, and buspirone, a non-scheduled anxiolytic with 5-HT1A agonism, partially generalized to the interoceptive cue elicited by 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). In addition, ulotaront demonstrated a trend to reduce cocaine-primed induced reinstatement, and dose-dependently reduced cue-reinstated responding. CONCLUSION The current results suggest that the TAAR1/5-HT1A agonist ulotaront is not likely to pose a risk for recreational abuse in humans and may have potential therapeutic utility as a treatment of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Synan
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - Carrie Bowen
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - David J Heal
- DevelRx Ltd, BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patrick M Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nina Dedic
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | | | - Una Campbell
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
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Haghighi M, Doostizadeh M, Jahangard L, Soltanian A, Faryadres M, Dürsteler KM, Beatrix Brühl A, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Brand S. Influence of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate on Early Ejaculation-Results from a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:859. [PMID: 34356237 PMCID: PMC8303163 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among male sexual dysfunctions, erectile dysfunction and early ejaculation have the highest prevalence rates. Here, we tested the influence of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (Vyas®) on early ejaculation. To this end, we performed a double-blind randomized clinical trial among males with early ejaculation. METHODS A total of 46 males with early ejaculation (mean age: 35.23 years) and in stable marital relationships with regular weekly penile-vaginal intercourse were randomly assigned either to the lisdexamfetamine dimesylate condition (30 mg) or to the placebo condition. Compounds were taken about six hours before intended penile-vaginal intercourse. At baseline and four weeks later at the end of the study, participants completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering early ejaculation. Female partners also rated participants' early ejaculation profile. RESULTS Compared to the placebo condition, dimensions of early ejaculation improved over time in the lisdexamfetamine condition, though improvements were also observed in the placebo condition. CONCLUSIONS Among male adults in stable marital relationships with regular weekly penile-vaginal intercourse, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate improved dimensions of early ejaculation. Given that improvements were also observed in the placebo condition, psychological factors such as increased attention to early ejaculation and favorable expectations of the compound should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haghighi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6516848741, Iran; (M.H.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Mona Doostizadeh
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6516848741, Iran; (M.H.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Leila Jahangard
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6516848741, Iran; (M.H.); (M.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Alireza Soltanian
- Modeling of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6516848741, Iran;
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6516848741, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Faryadres
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6516848741, Iran;
| | - Kenneth M. Dürsteler
- Psychiatric Clinics, Division of Substance Use Disorders, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Beatrix Brühl
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.B.B.); (D.S.-B.)
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.B.B.); (D.S.-B.)
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.B.B.); (D.S.-B.)
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 25529, Iran
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Wong YC, Ilkova T, van Wijk RC, Hartman R, de Lange ECM. Development of a population pharmacokinetic model to predict brain distribution and dopamine D2 receptor occupancy of raclopride in non-anesthetized rat. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 111:514-525. [PMID: 29106979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raclopride is a selective antagonist of the dopamine D2 receptor. It is one of the most frequently used in vivo D2 tracers (at low doses) for assessing drug-induced receptor occupancy (RO) in animals and humans. It is also commonly used as a pharmacological blocker (at high doses) to occupy the available D2 receptors and antagonize the action of dopamine or drugs on D2 in preclinical studies. The aims of this study were to comprehensively evaluate its pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles in different brain compartments and to establish a PK-RO model that could predict the brain distribution and RO of raclopride in the freely moving rat using a LC-MS based approach. METHODS Rats (n=24) received a 10-min IV infusion of non-radiolabeled raclopride (1.61μmol/kg, i.e. 0.56mg/kg). Plasma and the brain tissues of striatum (with high density of D2 receptors) and cerebellum (with negligible amount of D2 receptors) were collected. Additional microdialysis experiments were performed in some rats (n=7) to measure the free drug concentration in the extracellular fluid of the striatum and cerebellum. Raclopride concentrations in all samples were analyzed by LC-MS. A population PK-RO model was constructed in NONMEM to describe the concentration-time profiles in the unbound plasma, brain extracellular fluid and brain tissue compartments and to estimate the RO based on raclopride-D2 receptor binding kinetics. RESULTS In plasma raclopride showed a rapid distribution phase followed by a slower elimination phase. The striatum tissue concentrations were consistently higher than that of cerebellum tissue throughout the whole experimental period (10-h) due to higher non-specific tissue binding and D2 receptor binding in the striatum. Model-based simulations accurately predicted the literature data on rat plasma PK, brain tissue PK and D2 RO at different time points after intravenous or subcutaneous administration of raclopride at tracer dose (RO <10%), sub-pharmacological dose (RO 10%-30%) and pharmacological dose (RO >30%). CONCLUSION For the first time a predictive model that could describe the quantitative in vivo relationship between dose, PK and D2 RO of raclopride in non-anesthetized rat was established. The PK-RO model could facilitate the selection of optimal dose and dosing time when raclopride is used as tracer or as pharmacological blocker in various rat studies. The LC-MS based approach, which doses and quantifies a non-radiolabeled tracer, could be useful in evaluating the systemic disposition and brain kinetics of tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheong Wong
- Division of Pharmacology, Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Trayana Ilkova
- Division of Pharmacology, Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C van Wijk
- Division of Pharmacology, Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Hartman
- Division of Pharmacology, Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Division of Pharmacology, Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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