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He Y, Hu C, Zhang X. GW1929 (an agonist of PPARγ) inhibits excessive production of reactive oxygen species in cisplatin-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells, hampers cell apoptosis, and ameliorates renal injury. J Histotechnol 2024; 47:68-79. [PMID: 38018414 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2023.2286692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity has long been explored for development of preventative and therapeutic drugs. The current investigation focused on the renal protective effect of GW1929, an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ), on cisplatin-induced kidney injury. HK2 cells treated with 20 μM cisplatin and C57BL/6 mice injected with 20 mg/kg cisplatin were used as the cell model and animal model for acute kidney injury. HK2 cell viability after cisplatin or GW1929 (0-80 μM) treatment was tested using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays. Flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assays were used to measure cell apoptosis. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured through fluorescence intensities. Levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured to evaluate the renal function of mice. For renal morphology observation and cell apoptosis assessment in vivo, hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL assays were conducted. The concentrations of oxidative stress markers in renal samples were measured using colorimetric tests. It was found that GW1929 dose-dependently enhanced protein levels of PPARγ, PGC-1α and TFEB in HK2 cells. Meanwhile, intracellular ROS overproduction, the decrease in cell viability and excessive cell apoptosis mediated by cisplatin were reversed by GW1929. For in vivo experiments, GW1929 notably attenuated cisplatin-stimulated nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress while reducing BUN and Scr levels in cisplatin-challenged model mice. Moreover, GW1929 significantly dampened renal cell apoptosis in vivo. GW1929 mitigates renal tubular epithelial cell injury and renal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and renal cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Department of Clinical Internal Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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2
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Rakshe PS, Dutta BJ, Chib S, Maurya N, Singh S. Unveiling the interplay of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis in brain health: Promising targets against aging and NDDs. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102255. [PMID: 38490497 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) within an aging global population presents a pressing challenge. The multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, remain complex and elusive. Among these, the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway emerges as a pivotal network implicated in neuroprotection against these destructive processes. This review sheds light on the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this axis, specifically emphasizing the promising role of flavonoids in mitigating NDD-related complications. Expanding beyond conventional pharmacological approaches, the exploration of non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise and calorie restriction (CR), coupled with the investigation of natural compounds, offers a beacon of hope. By strategically elucidating the intricate connections within these pathways, this review aims to pave the ways for novel multi-target agents and interventions, fostering a renewed optimism in the quest to combat and manage the debilitating impacts of NDDs on global health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Shankar Rakshe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Badal - Bathinda Rd, Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Niyogita Maurya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India.
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Wal P, Wal A, Vig H, Mahmood D, Khan MMU. Potential Applications of Mitochondrial Therapy with a Focus on Parkinson's Disease and Mitochondrial Transplantation. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:147-160. [PMID: 38585467 PMCID: PMC10997929 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Both aging and neurodegenerative illnesses are thought to be influenced by mitochondrial malfunction and free radical formation. Deformities of the energy metabolism, mitochondrial genome polymorphisms, nuclear DNA genetic abnormalities associated with mitochondria, modifications of mitochondrial fusion or fission, variations in shape and size, variations in transit, modified mobility of mitochondria, transcription defects, and the emergence of misfolded proteins associated with mitochondria are all linked to Parkinson's disease. Methods This review is a condensed compilation of data from research that has been published between the years of 2014 and 2022, using search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Results Mitochondrial transplantation is a one-of-a-kind treatment for mitochondrial diseases and deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis. The replacement of malfunctioning mitochondria with transplanted viable mitochondria using innovative methodologies has shown promising outcomes as a cure for Parkinson's, involving tissue sparing coupled with enhanced energy generation and lower oxidative damage. Numerous mitochondria-targeted therapies, including mitochondrial gene therapy, redox therapy, and others, have been investigated for their effectiveness and potency. Conclusion The development of innovative therapeutics for mitochondria-directed treatments in Parkinson's disease may be aided by optimizing mitochondrial dynamics. Many neurological diseases have been studied in animal and cellular models, and it has been found that mitochondrial maintenance can slow the death of neuronal cells. It has been hypothesized that drug therapies for neurodegenerative diseases that focus on mitochondrial dysfunction will help to delay the onset of neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Pharmacy Department, PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (PHARMACY) Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway (NH-2), Bhauti-Kanpur-209305
| | - Ankita Wal
- Pharmacy Department, PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (PHARMACY) Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway (NH-2), Bhauti-Kanpur-209305
| | - Himangi Vig
- Pharmacy Department, PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (PHARMACY) Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway (NH-2), Bhauti-Kanpur-209305
| | - Danish Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
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Bhatt V, Tiwari AK. Sirtuins, a key regulator of ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1167-1192. [PMID: 35549800 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2057849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent class ІΙΙ histone deacetylases enzymes (HDACs) present from lower to higher organisms such as bacteria (Sulfolobus solfataricus L. major), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), humans (Homo sapiens sapiens), even in plants such as rice (Oryza sativa), thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), vine (Vitis vinifera L.) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Sirtuins play an important role in the regulation of various vital cellular functions during metabolism and ageing. It also plays a neuroprotective role by modulating several biological pathways such as apoptosis, DNA repair, protein aggregation, and inflammatory processes associated with ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have presented an updated Sirtuins and its role in ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Further, this review also describes the therapeutic potential of Sirtuins and the use of Sirtuins inhibitor/activator for altering the NDDs disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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5
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Venkatesan D, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Gopalakrishnan AV, Vellingiri B. Plausible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Neurodegeneration-a Need for Therapeutic Approach in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6992-7008. [PMID: 37523043 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an advancing age-associated progressive brain disorder which has various diverse factors, among them mitochondrial dysfunction involves in dopaminergic (DA) degeneration. Aging causes a rise in mitochondrial abnormalities which leads to structural and functional modifications in neuronal activity and cell death in PD. This ends in deterioration of mitochondrial function, mitochondrial alterations, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity. mtDNA levels or mtDNA CN in PD have reported that mtDNA depletion would be a predisposing factor in PD pathogenesis. To maintain the mtDNA levels, therapeutic approaches have been focused on mitochondrial biogenesis in PD. The depletion of mtDNA levels in PD can be influenced by autophagic dysregulation, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, sirtuins, and calcium homeostasis. The current review describes the regulation of mtDNA levels and discusses the plausible molecular pathways in mtDNA CN depletion in PD pathogenesis. We conclude by suggesting further research on mtDNA depletion which might show a promising effect in predicting and diagnosing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Venkatesan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Sandeep Ganesh G, Konduri P, Kolusu AS, Namburi SV, Chunduru BTC, Nemmani KVS, Samudrala PK. Neuroprotective Effect of Saroglitazar on Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer's in Rats: Insights into the Underlying Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3444-3459. [PMID: 37669120 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent and progressive neurodegenerative disorders, hallmarked by increased amyloid-β deposition and enhanced oxidative load in the brain, ensuing cognitive decline. The present study is aimed at elucidating the neuroprotective effect of saroglitazar, a dual peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα/γ) agonist used in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia, against memory impairment induced by intraperitoneal scopolamine injection. 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: (A) Veh + Veh, (B) SGZ + Veh, (C) Veh + SCOP, (D) DPZ + SCOP, and (E) SGZ + SCOP. Rats of the respective groups were pretreated with saroglitazar (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and donepezil (3 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 16 days. During the final 9 days of the study, a daily injection of scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the respective groups. Adjacent to the scopolamine injection, behavioral tests such as the open field, Y maze, novel object recognition test, and Morris water maze were conducted to assess learning and memory. Additionally, biochemical parameters such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), β-amyloid levels, and NF-κB were measured in the hippocampus. The rats that received scopolamine injections showed significantly impaired short-term spatial and learning memory. This was associated with an increase in β-amyloid, iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde, NF-κB, and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus of AD rats. On the other hand, saroglitazar has provided promising data on its protective role in cognition by protecting the BDNF, SOD, and GSH decline. As a result, saroglitazar was found to be a promising therapy in AD by upregulating the antioxidant status and cholinergic activity and preventing memory loss. Collectively, findings in the present study revealed that saroglitazar protected AD by suppressing scopolamine-mediated learning and memory deficits, oxidative stress, and cholinergic damage. Studying these mechanisms may conclude the protective role of saroglitazar against AD. However, further studies in transgenic animals will provide numerous insights into treatment mechanisms and contribute to developing a therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grandhi Sandeep Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Prasad Konduri
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Aravinda Sai Kolusu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Srihari Vandana Namburi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Bala Tejo Chandra Chunduru
- Clinical Data Manager, STATMINDS LLC, 501 Allendale Rd Suite 202, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Kumar V S Nemmani
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
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Qin Y, Bily D, Aguirre M, Zhang K, Xie L. Understanding PPARγ and Its Agonists on Trophoblast Differentiation and Invasion: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia. Nutrients 2023; 15:2459. [PMID: 37299422 PMCID: PMC10255128 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of pregnancy complications, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE), is a cause for concern, as they can result in serious health consequences for both mothers and infants. The pathogenesis of these complications is still not fully understood, although it is known that the pathologic placenta plays a crucial role. Studies have shown that PPARγ, a transcription factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, may have a critical role in the etiology of these complications. While PPARγ agonists are FDA-approved drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, their safety during pregnancy is not yet established. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence for the therapeutic potential of PPARγ in the treatment of PE using mouse models and in cell cultures. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of PPARγ in placental pathophysiology and to explore the possibility of using PPARγ ligands as a treatment option for pregnancy complications. Overall, this topic is of great significance for improving maternal and fetal health outcomes and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Qin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Donalyn Bily
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Makayla Aguirre
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (D.B.); (M.A.); (K.Z.)
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8
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Steinke I, Govindarajulu M, Pinky PD, Bloemer J, Yoo S, Ward T, Schaedig T, Young T, Wibowo FS, Suppiramaniam V, Amin RH. Selective PPAR-Delta/PPAR-Gamma Activation Improves Cognition in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1116. [PMID: 37190025 PMCID: PMC10136457 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The continuously increasing association of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with increased mortality rates indicates an unmet medical need and the critical need for establishing novel molecular targets for therapeutic potential. Agonists for peroxisomal proliferator activating receptors (PPAR) are known to regulate energy in the body and have shown positive effects against Alzheimer's disease. There are three members of this class (delta, gamma, and alpha), with PPAR-gamma being the most studied, as these pharmaceutical agonists offer promise for AD because they reduce amyloid beta and tau pathologies, display anti-inflammatory properties, and improve cognition. However, they display poor brain bioavailability and are associated with several adverse side effects on human health, thus limiting their clinical application. Methods: We have developed a novel series of PPAR-delta and PPAR-gamma agonists in silico with AU9 as our lead compound that displays selective amino acid interactions focused upon avoiding the Tyr-473 epitope in the PPAR-gamma AF2 ligand binding domain. Results: This design helps to avoid the unwanted side effects of current PPAR-gamma agonists and improve behavioral deficits and synaptic plasticity while reducing amyloid-beta levels and inflammation in 3xTgAD animals. Conclusions: Our innovative in silico design of PPAR-delta/gamma agonists may offer new perspectives for this class of agonists for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Steinke
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Priyanka Das Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sieun Yoo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Tracey Ward
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA
| | - Taylor Schaedig
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Taylor Young
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Fajar Setyo Wibowo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
- College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 31044, USA
| | - Rajesh H. Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36879, USA
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9
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Prabhakaran P, Nadig A, M S, Tuladhar S, Raju RM, Chidambaram SB, Kempaiah BB, Raghavendra NM, Kumar BR P. Design and Development of Novel Glitazones for Activation of PGC-1α Signaling Via PPAR-γ Agonism: A Promising Therapeutic Approach against Parkinson's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6825-6837. [PMID: 36844520 PMCID: PMC9948211 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we rationally designed and developed two novel glitazones (G1 and G2) to target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) signaling through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-γ agonism as a therapeutic for Parkinson's disease (PD). The synthesized molecules were analyzed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The neuroprotective functionality of the synthesized molecules was assessed by a cell viability assay in lipopolysaccharide-intoxicated SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. The ability of these new glitazones to scavenge free radicals was further ascertained via a lipid peroxide assay, and pharmacokinetic properties were verified using in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analyses. The molecular docking reports recognized the mode of interaction of the glitazones with PPAR-γ. The G1 and G2 exhibited a noticeable neuroprotective effect in lipopolysaccharide-intoxicated SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 2.247 and 4.509 μM, respectively. Both test compounds prevented 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced motor impairment in mice, as demonstrated by the beam walk test. Further, treating the diseased mice with G1 and G2 resulted in significant restoration of antioxidant enzymes glutathione and superoxide and reduced the intensity of lipid peroxidation inside the brain tissues. Histopathological analysis of the glitazones-treated mice brain revealed a reduced apoptotic region and a rise in the number of viable pyramidal neurons and oligodendrocytes. The study concluded that G1 and G2 showed promising results in treating PD by activating PGC-1α signaling in brain via PPAR-γ agonism. However, more extensive research is necessary for a better understanding of functional targets and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabitha Prabhakaran
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Nadig
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sahyadri M
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruby Mariam Raju
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Prashantha Kumar BR
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
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10
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3D biocomposite culture enhances differentiation of dopamine-like neurons from SH-SY5Y cells: A model for studying Parkinson's disease phenotypes. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121858. [PMID: 36272218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies of underlying neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson's Disease (PD) have traditionally utilized cell cultures grown on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. Biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platforms have been developed to better emulate features of the brain's natural microenvironment. We here use our bioengineered brain-like tissue model, composed of a silk-hydrogel composite, to study the 3D microenvironment's contributions on the development and performance of dopaminergic-like neurons (DLNs). Compared with 2D culture, SH-SY5Y cells differentiated in 3D microenvironments were enriched for DLNs concomitant with a reduction in proliferative capacity during the neurodevelopmental process. Additionally, the 3D DLN cultures were more sensitive to oxidative stresses elicited by the PD-related neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP). MPP induced transcriptomic profile changes specific to 3D-differentiated DLN cultures, replicating the dysfunction of neuronal signaling pathways and mitochondrial dynamics implicated in PD. Overall, this physiologically-relevant 3D platform resembles a useful tool for studying dopamine neuron biology and interrogating molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD.
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Zhang Q, Taniguchi S, So K, Tsuda M, Higuchi Y, Hashida M, Yamashita F. CREB is a potential marker associated with drug-induced liver injury: Identification and validation through transcriptome database analysis. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:337-348. [PMID: 35922923 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the main cause of failure in drug development and postapproval withdrawal. Although toxicogenomic techniques provide an unprecedented opportunity for mechanistic assessment and biomarker discovery, they are not suitable for the screening of large numbers of exploratory compounds in early drug discovery. Using a comprehensive analysis of toxicogenomics (TGx) data, we aimed to find DILI-relevant transcription factors (TFs) that could be incorporated into a reporter gene assay system. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the Open TG-GATEs dataset highlighted 4 DILI-relevant TFs, including CREB, NRF2, ELK-1, and E2F. Using ten drugs with already assigned idiosyncratic toxicity (IDT) risks, reporter gene assays were conducted in HepG2 cells in the presence of the S9 mix. There were weak correlations between NRF2 activity and IDT risk, whereas strong correlations were observed between CREB activity and IDT risk. In addition, CREB activation associated with 3 Withdrawn/Black box Warning drugs was reversed by pretreatment with a PKA inhibitor. Collectively, we suggest that CREB might be a sensitive biomarker for DILI prediction, and its response to stress induced by high-risk drugs might be primarily regulated by the PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Zhang
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Shiori Taniguchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kanako So
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Masahiro Tsuda
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University.,Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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12
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Dutta D, Paidi RK, Raha S, Roy A, Chandra S, Pahan K. Treadmill exercise reduces α-synuclein spreading via PPARα. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111058. [PMID: 35830804 PMCID: PMC9308946 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study underlines the importance of treadmill exercise in reducing α-synuclein (α-syn) spreading in the A53T brain and protecting nigral dopaminergic neurons. Preformed α-syn fibril (PFF) seeding in the internal capsule of young A53T α-syn mice leads to increased spreading of α-syn to substantia nigra and motor cortex and concomitant loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. However, regular treadmill exercise decreases α-syn spreading in the brain and protects nigral dopaminergic neurons in PFF-seeded mice. Accordingly, treadmill exercise also mitigates α-synucleinopathy in aged A53T mice. While investigating this mechanism, we have observed that treadmill exercise induces the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the brain to stimulate lysosomal biogenesis via TFEB. Accordingly, treadmill exercise remains unable to stimulate TFEB and reduce α-synucleinopathy in A53T mice lacking PPARα, and fenofibrate, a prototype PPARα agonist, reduces α-synucleinopathy. These results delineate a beneficial function of treadmill exercise in reducing α-syn spreading in the brain via PPARα. Dutta et al. demonstrate that regular treadmill exercise is capable of decreasing α-synuclein spreading in the brain and protecting nigral dopaminergic neurons in mice. However, treadmill running does not reduce α-synucleinopathy in mice lacking peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), highlighting a role of PPARα in the beneficial effect of treadmill running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dutta
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ramesh Kumar Paidi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sumita Raha
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sujyoti Chandra
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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13
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Therapeutic benefits of flavonoids against neuroinflammation: a systematic review. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:111-136. [PMID: 35031904 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important class of natural polyphenolic compounds reported to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, autoimmune and neurological disorders. Flavonoids possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and immuno-modulation properties. Intriguingly, the importance of flavonoids in different neurological disorders is gaining more attention due to the safety, better pharmacokinetic profile and blood-brain barrier penetration, cost-effectiveness and readiness for clinical uses/trials. Many in vitro and in vivo research studies have established the neuroprotective mechanism of flavonoids in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The present review summarizes the benefits of various classes of flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, flavanols), chemical nature, classification, their occurrence and distribution, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. The manuscript also presents available evidences relating to the role of flavonoids in regulating key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) pathway, Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway involved in neuroinflammation associated with major neurological disorders. Literature search was conducted using electronic databases like Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed central, Springer search and Web of science. Chemical structures used in the present analysis were drawn using Chemdraw Professional 15.0 software. This collective information provides comprehensive knowledge on disease pathways and therapeutic benefits of flavonoids in neurological disorders, druggability and future scope for research.
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14
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Covering the Role of PGC-1α in the Nervous System. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010111. [PMID: 35011673 PMCID: PMC8750669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a well-known transcriptional coactivator involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α is implicated in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders; therefore, a deep understanding of its functioning in the nervous system may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. The central nervous system (CNS)-specific isoforms of PGC-1α have been recently identified, and many functions of PGC-1α are assigned to the particular cell types of the central nervous system. In the mice CNS, deficiency of PGC-1α disturbed viability and functioning of interneurons and dopaminergic neurons, followed by alterations in inhibitory signaling and behavioral dysfunction. Furthermore, in the ALS rodent model, PGC-1α protects upper motoneurons from neurodegeneration. PGC-1α is engaged in the generation of neuromuscular junctions by lower motoneurons, protection of photoreceptors, and reduction in oxidative stress in sensory neurons. Furthermore, in the glial cells, PGC-1α is essential for the maturation and proliferation of astrocytes, myelination by oligodendrocytes, and mitophagy and autophagy of microglia. PGC-1α is also necessary for synaptogenesis in the developing brain and the generation and maintenance of synapses in postnatal life. This review provides an outlook of recent studies on the role of PGC-1α in various cells in the central nervous system.
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15
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Bayazid AB, Kim JG, Azam S, Jeong SA, Kim DH, Park CW, Lim BO. Sodium butyrate ameliorates neurotoxicity and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in high fat diet-fed mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112743. [PMID: 34890760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of high-fat diet consumption-related disorders is increasing, and it is often associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation in the brain may lead to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Our study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) on HFD-fed mice. In this study, four-week-old male C57Bl/6NTac mice were divided into three groups; the control group, the HFD group, and the HFD + NaB group where mice received 11 mg/kg body weight of NaB with HFD. Western blotting, reverse transcription-PCR, and ELISA were used for biochemical analysis of brain specimens. We found that NaB restored bodyweight and attenuated P-53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and caspase cascades in the brains of HFD-fed mice. In addition. NaB reduced the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and positively modulated antioxidant biomarkers. NaB treatment upregulated the expression of the growth factor-related factors PPARγ, CREB, and BDNF in the brain tissues of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, we found that NaB significantly ameliorated glucocorticoid receptor and NLRP3 inflammasome expression. Based on our findings, NaB suppressed apoptotic and inflammatory cytokines and enhanced the expression of endogenous antioxidants in brain tissues of HFD-fed mice. Our data strongly suggests that NaB could be utilized as an effective therapeutic agent for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Borhan Bayazid
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
| | - Jae Gon Kim
- BK21 FOUR, GLOCAL Education Program for Nutraceutical and Biopharmaceutical Research, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Soo Ah Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Da Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Chae Won Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
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16
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Yazar V, Kang SU, Ha S, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Integrative genome-wide analysis of dopaminergic neuron-specific PARIS expression in Drosophila dissects recognition of multiple PPAR-γ associated gene regulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21500. [PMID: 34728675 PMCID: PMC8563805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor called parkin interacting substrate (PARIS; ZNF746) was initially identified as a novel co-substrate of parkin and PINK1 that leads to Parkinson’s disease (PD) by disrupting mitochondrial biogenesis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator -1α (PGC-1α) suppression. Since its initial discovery, growing evidence has linked PARIS to defective mitochondrial biogenesis observed in PD pathogenesis. Yet, dopaminergic (DA) neuron-specific mechanistic underpinnings and genome-wide PARIS binding landscape has not been explored. We employed conditional translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) followed by RNA sequencing (TRAP-seq) for transcriptome profiling of DA neurons in transgenic Drosophila lines expressing human PARIS wild type (WT) or mutant (C571A). We also generated genome-wide maps of PARIS occupancy using ChIP-seq in human SH-SY5Y cells. The results demonstrated that PPARγ functions as a master regulator of PARIS-induced molecular changes at the transcriptome level, confirming that PARIS acts primarily on PGC-1α to lead to neurodegeneration in PD. Moreover, we identified that PARIS actively modulates expression of PPARγ target genes by physically binding to the promoter regions. Together, our work revealed how PARIS drives adverse effects on modulation of PPAR-γ associated gene clusters in DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Yazar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 711, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sung-Ung Kang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 711, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70130-2685, USA.,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70130-2685, USA
| | - Shinwon Ha
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 711, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 711, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. .,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. .,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70130-2685, USA. .,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70130-2685, USA.
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Suite 711, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. .,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70130-2685, USA. .,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70130-2685, USA.
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17
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Zhu Y, Han XQ, Sun XJ, Yang R, Ma WQ, Liu NF. Lactate accelerates vascular calcification through NR4A1-regulated mitochondrial fission and BNIP3-related mitophagy. Apoptosis 2021; 25:321-340. [PMID: 31993850 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arterial media calcification is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Protective mitophagy delays the progression of vascular calcification. We previously reported that lactate accelerates osteoblastic phenotype transition of VSMC through BNIP3-mediated mitophagy suppression. In this study, we investigated the specific links between lactate, mitochondrial homeostasis, and vascular calcification. Ex vivo, alizarin S red and von Kossa staining in addition to measurement of calcium content, RUNX2, and BMP-2 protein levels revealed that lactate accelerated arterial media calcification. We demonstrated that lactate induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in aortas, whereas mitophagy was suppressed. In VSMCs, lactate increased NR4A1 expression, leading to activation of DNA-PKcs and p53. Lactate induced Drp1 migration to the mitochondria and enhanced mitochondrial fission through NR4A1. Western blot analysis of LC3-II and p62 and mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus detection showed that NR4A1 knockdown was involved in enhanced autophagy flux. Furthermore, NR4A1 inhibited BNIP3-related mitophagy, which was confirmed by TOMM20 and BNIP3 protein levels, and LC3-II co-localization with TOMM20. The excessive fission and deficient mitophagy damaged mitochondrial structure and impaired respiratory function, determined by mPTP opening rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial morphology under TEM, ATP production, and OCR, which was reversed by NR4A1 silencing. Mechanistically, lactate enhanced fission but halted mitophagy via activation of the NR4A1/DNA-PKcs/p53 pathway, evoking apoptosis, finally accelerating osteoblastic phenotype transition of VSMC and calcium deposition. This study suggests that the NR4A1/DNA-PKcs/p53 pathway is involved in the mechanism by which lactate accelerates vascular calcification, partly through excessive Drp-mediated mitochondrial fission and BNIP3-related mitophagy deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Qiong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jiao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zimmermann A, Madreiter-Sokolowski C, Stryeck S, Abdellatif M. Targeting the Mitochondria-Proteostasis Axis to Delay Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:656201. [PMID: 33777963 PMCID: PMC7991595 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.656201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human life expectancy continues to grow globally, and so does the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases, causing a huge medical and economic burden on society. Effective therapeutic options for these disorders are scarce, and even if available, are typically limited to a single comorbidity in a multifaceted dysfunction that inevitably affects all organ systems. Thus, novel therapies that target fundamental processes of aging itself are desperately needed. In this article, we summarize current strategies that successfully delay aging and related diseases by targeting mitochondria and protein homeostasis. In particular, we focus on autophagy, as a fundamental proteostatic process that is intimately linked to mitochondrial quality control. We present genetic and pharmacological interventions that effectively extend health- and life-span by acting on specific mitochondrial and pro-autophagic molecular targets. In the end, we delve into the crosstalk between autophagy and mitochondria, in what we refer to as the mitochondria-proteostasis axis, and explore the prospect of targeting this crosstalk to harness maximal therapeutic potential of anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sarah Stryeck
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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19
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Maissan P, Mooij EJ, Barberis M. Sirtuins-Mediated System-Level Regulation of Mammalian Tissues at the Interface between Metabolism and Cell Cycle: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030194. [PMID: 33806509 PMCID: PMC7999230 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved NAD+-dependent proteins and this dependency links Sirtuins directly to metabolism. Sirtuins' activity has been shown to extend the lifespan of several organisms and mainly through the post-translational modification of their many target proteins, with deacetylation being the most common modification. The seven mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 through SIRT7, have been implicated in regulating physiological responses to metabolism and stress by acting as nutrient sensors, linking environmental and nutrient signals to mammalian metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, mammalian Sirtuins have been implicated in playing major roles in mammalian pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, obesity and cancer. Mammalian Sirtuins are expressed heterogeneously among different organs and tissues, and the same holds true for their substrates. Thus, the function of mammalian Sirtuins together with their substrates is expected to vary among tissues. Any therapy depending on Sirtuins could therefore have different local as well as systemic effects. Here, an introduction to processes relevant for the actions of Sirtuins, such as metabolism and cell cycle, will be followed by reasoning on the system-level function of Sirtuins and their substrates in different mammalian tissues. Their involvement in the healthy metabolism and metabolic disorders will be reviewed and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parcival Maissan
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eva J. Mooij
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +44-1483-684-610
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20
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Neonatal Rotenone Administration Induces Psychiatric Disorder-Like Behavior and Changes in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Synaptic Proteins in Adulthood. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3015-3030. [PMID: 33608825 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since psychiatric disorders are associated with changes in the development of the nervous system, an energy-dependent mechanism, we investigated whether mitochondrial inhibition during the critical neurodevelopment window in rodents would be able to induce metabolic alterations culminating in psychiatric-like behavior. We treated male Wistar rat puppies (P) with rotenone (Rot), an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, from postnatal days 5 to 11 (P5-P11). We demonstrated that at P60 and P120, Rot-treated animals showed hyperlocomotion and deficits in social interaction and aversive contextual memory, features observed in animal models of schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. During adulthood, Rot-treated rodents also presented modifications in CBP and CREB levels in addition to a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf1 expression. Additionally, NFE2L2-activation was not altered in Rot-treated P60 and P120 animals; an upregulation of pNFE2L2/ NFE2L2 was only observed in P12 cortices. Curiously, ATP/ADP levels did not change in all ages evaluated. Rot administration in newborn rodents also promoted modification in Rest and Mecp2 expression, and in synaptic protein levels, named PSD-95, Synaptotagmin-1, and Synaptophysin in the adult rats. Altogether, our data indicate that behavioral abnormalities and changes in synaptic proteins in adulthood induced by neonatal Rot administration might be a result of adjustments in CREB pathways and alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf1 expression, rather than a direct deficiency of energy supply, as previously speculated. Consequently, Rot-induced psychiatric-like behavior would be an outcome of alterations in neuronal paths due to mitochondrial deregulation.
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21
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MAR1 suppresses inflammatory response in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells via the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ pathway. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2021; 18:8. [PMID: 33557833 PMCID: PMC7869219 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a complex syndrome characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response to systemic infection and leads to shock, multiple organ failure and death especially if not recognized early and treated promptly. Previous studies have suggested Maresin 1 (MAR1) can alleviate systemic inflammation in sepsis, but its mechanism has not been clarified. Methods RAW 264.7 cells and human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were pretreated with LPS and MAR1. The mRNA expression and supernatant levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were evaluated by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The expression levels of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results Our results show that LPS-induced inflammation increased the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and induced suppression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and PPAR-γ expression, which could be reversed by MAR1. And the effect of MAR1 was eliminated by repression of SIRT1/PPAR-γ and enhanced by PGC-1α overexpression. Conclusions MAR1 suppressed inflammatory response in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and hPBMCs via the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ pathway.
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22
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Vanaveski T, Molchanova S, Pham DD, Schäfer A, Pajanoja C, Narvik J, Srinivasan V, Urb M, Koivisto M, Vasar E, Timmusk T, Minkeviciene R, Eriksson O, Lalowski M, Taira T, Korhonen L, Voikar V, Lindholm D. PGC-1α Signaling Increases GABA(A) Receptor Subunit α2 Expression, GABAergic Neurotransmission and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:588230. [PMID: 33597848 PMCID: PMC7882546 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.588230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a master regulator of mitochondria biogenesis and cell stress playing a role in metabolic and degenerative diseases. In the brain PGC-1α expression has been localized mainly to GABAergic interneurons but its overall role is not fully understood. We observed here that the protein levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor-α2 subunit (GABARα2) were increased in hippocampus and brain cortex in transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing PGC-1α in neurons. Along with this, GABARα2 expression was enhanced in the hippocampus of the PGC-1α Tg mice, as shown by quantitative PCR. Double immunostaining revealed that GABARα2 co-localized with the synaptic protein gephyrin in higher amounts in the striatum radiatum layer of the hippocampal CA1 region in the Tg compared with Wt mice. Electrophysiology revealed that the frequency of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) was increased in the CA1 region in the Tg mice, indicative of an augmented GABAergic transmission. Behavioral tests revealed an increase for anxiety-like behavior in the PGC-1α Tg mice compared with controls. To study whether drugs acting on PPARγ can affect GABARα2, we employed pioglitazone that elevated GABARα2 expression in primary cultured neurons. Similar results were obtained using the specific PPARγ agonist, N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-O-[2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino) ethyl]-L-tyrosine hydrate (GW1929). These results demonstrate that PGC-1α regulates GABARα2 subunits and GABAergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus with behavioral consequences. This indicates further that drugs like pioglitazone, widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can influence GABARα2 expression via the PPARγ/PGC-1α system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Vanaveski
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Quretec Ltd., Tartu, Estonia
| | - Svetlana Molchanova
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Duc Pham
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Schäfer
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ceren Pajanoja
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jane Narvik
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Quretec Ltd., Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vignesh Srinivasan
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Maria Koivisto
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tönis Timmusk
- Protobios LCC, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Ove Eriksson
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomi Taira
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vootele Voikar
- Neuroscience Center and Laboratory Animal Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Study on different pathogenic factors in different disease stages of patients with Wilson disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3749-3756. [PMID: 33443665 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate in different stages of patients with Wilson disease (WD), there are different pathogenic factors such as metal deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in the brain. METHODS A total of 32 untreated WD patients and 10 normal controls were enrolled in the study. The neurological symptoms were evaluated using the modified Young scale. Liver function, metal metabolism, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) examination were done. The clinical disease stages were divided into metal deposition period, fiber damage period, and neuronal necrosis period according to the imaging results. The content of 24-h urine copper, serum copper, and serum iron; and the levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were detected. RESULTS The contents of urinary copper in WD patients at neuronal necrosis stage were lower than those in patients at the metal deposition stage (P = 0.011) and fiber injury stage (P = 0.023). The contents of NOS (P = 0.039) and NO (P = 0.047) in WD patients at the stage of fiber injury were higher than those of the normal control, while GSH-PX (P = 0.025) and CAT (P = 0.041) were lower in the neuronal necrosis stage. In the stage of neuronal necrosis, the levels of IL-1 (P = 0.030) and TNF-α were higher than those of the normal control (P = 0.042). The neurological symptom scores in patients with fiber injury (P = 0.013) and neuron injury were higher than those with metal deposition (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION There are different pathogenic factors in different stages of WD. At the neuronal necrosis stage, copper deposition was decreased in WD patients. In the stage of fiber injury and neuronal necrosis, there is oxidative stress injury in WD patients. In the neuronal necrosis phase, WD patients have an inflammatory response.
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24
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Chen Y, Shen J, Qi G, Zha Q, Zhang C, Yao W, Gao X, Chen S. Potential therapeutic role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in neurodegeneration: Evidence for ameliorating parkinsonism via silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 and implication for gene therapy. Neuropharmacology 2020; 181:108335. [PMID: 32979381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the common complex neurodegenerative diseases and characterized by abnormal metabolic brain networks. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endocrine hormone that belongs to the fibroblast growth factor superfamily, plays an extensive role in the regulation of metabolism. However, our understandings of the specific function and mechanisms of FGF21 on PD are still quite limited. Here we aimed to elucidate the actions and the underlying mechanisms of FGF21 on dopaminergic neurodegeneration using cellular and animal models of parkinsonism. To investigate the effects of FGF21 on dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vivo and in vitro, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine models of PD were utilized, and animals were treated with recombinant FGF21 protein or FGF21 gene delivered via an adeno-associated virus. In the present study, systemic and continuous intracerebroventricular recombinant FGF21 protein administration to mice both prevented behavioral deficits, protected dopaminergic neurons against degeneration, and ameliorated α-synuclein pathology in PD models; and in vivo gene delivery of FGF21 improved PD-like symptoms and pathologies suggesting a potential implication of FGF21 in gene therapy for PD. In vitro evidence confirmed FGF21 mediated neuroprotective benefits against PD pathologies. Further, our data suggested that enhanced autophagy was involved in the FGF21 neuroprotection in PD models, and silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 may play a crucial role in molecular mechanisms underlying anti-PD activities of FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Guixia Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Qian Zha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Song Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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25
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Abstract
This review focuses on recent progress in understanding the role of mitochondrial markers in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma and discussing new therapeutic approaches to modulate mitochondrial function and potentially lead to improved outcomes in glaucoma.
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26
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Lee JE, Sim H, Yoo HM, Lee M, Baek A, Jeon YJ, Seo KS, Son MY, Yoon JS, Kim J. Neuroprotective Effects of Cryptotanshinone in a Direct Reprogramming Model of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163602. [PMID: 32784741 PMCID: PMC7463464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a well-known age-related neurodegenerative disease. Considering the vital importance of disease modeling based on reprogramming technology, we adopted direct reprogramming to human-induced neuronal progenitor cells (hiNPCs) for in vitro assessment of potential therapeutics. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of cryptotanshinone (CTN), which has been reported to have antioxidant properties, through PD patient-derived hiNPCs (PD-iNPCs) model with induced oxidative stress and cell death by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. A cytotoxicity assay showed that CTN possesses anti-apoptotic properties in PD-hiNPCs. CTN treatment significantly reduced cellular apoptosis through mitochondrial restoration, such as the reduction in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and increments of mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects of CTN are mediated via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway in PD-hiNPCs. Consequently, CTN could be a potential antioxidant reagent for preventing disease-related pathological phenotypes of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.); (M.-Y.S.)
| | - Hyuna Sim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.); (M.-Y.S.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.); (M.-Y.S.)
| | - Aruem Baek
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.); (M.-Y.S.)
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.); (M.-Y.S.)
| | - Kang-Sik Seo
- Huen Co., Ltd., Gwanggyo Business Center 5F (#508), 156, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16506, Korea;
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.); (M.-Y.S.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Joo Seog Yoon
- Huen Co., Ltd., Gwanggyo Business Center 5F (#508), 156, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16506, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.S.Y.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-31-8064-1622 (J.S.Y.); +82-42-860-4478 (J.K.)
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-E.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.); (A.B.); (Y.-J.J.); (M.-Y.S.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.Y.); (J.K.); Tel.: +82-31-8064-1622 (J.S.Y.); +82-42-860-4478 (J.K.)
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27
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Wójtowicz S, Strosznajder AK, Jeżyna M, Strosznajder JB. The Novel Role of PPAR Alpha in the Brain: Promising Target in Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:972-988. [PMID: 32170673 PMCID: PMC7162839 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) belongs to the family of ligand-regulated nuclear receptors (PPARs). These receptors after heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor (RXR) bind in promotor of target genes to PPAR response elements (PPREs) and act as a potent transcription factors. PPAR-α and other receptors from this family, such as PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ are expressed in the brain and other organs and play a significant role in oxidative stress, energy homeostasis, mitochondrial fatty acids metabolism and inflammation. PPAR-α takes part in regulation of genes coding proteins that are involved in glutamate homeostasis and cholinergic/dopaminergic signaling in the brain. Moreover, PPAR-α regulates expression of genes coding enzymes engaged in amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism. It activates gene coding of α secretase, which is responsible for non-amyloidogenic pathway of APP degradation. It also down regulates β secretase (BACE-1), the main enzyme responsible for amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide release in Alzheimer Diseases (AD). In AD brain expression of genes of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is significantly decreased. PPARs are altered not only in AD but in other neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorder. PPAR-α downregulation may decrease anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory processes and could be responsible for the alteration of fatty acid transport, lipid metabolism and disturbances of mitochondria function in the brain of AD patients. Specific activators of PPAR-α may be important for improvement of brain cells metabolism and cognitive function in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wójtowicz
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna K Strosznajder
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 1 Kilinskiego st., 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Mieszko Jeżyna
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 1 Kilinskiego st., 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna B Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Zhong J, Dong W, Qin Y, Xie J, Xiao J, Xu J, Wang H. Roflupram exerts neuroprotection via activation of CREB/PGC-1α signalling in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2333-2350. [PMID: 31972868 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Roflupram improves cognition and limits neuroinflammation in the brain. However, the beneficial effects of roflupram on Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of ROF in experimental models of PD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used an in vitro PD model of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+ ). Cell viability and apoptosis were analysed via the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and ROS were measured by a mitochondrial tracker, Seahorse Analyzer, and a MitoSOX-Red dye. For in vivo PD model, behavioural tests, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate protection by roflupram. The levels of TH, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were analysed by western blotting. KEY RESULTS Roflupram decreased MPP+ -induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and human dopaminergic neurons. Roflupram also increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity, decreased ROS production, and restored mitochondrial morphology. Roflupram reversed the MPP+ -induced reductions of phosphorylated CREB, PGC-1α and TH. These protective effects were blocked by the PKA inhibitor H-89 or by PGC-1α siRNA. In mice treated with MPTP, roflupram significantly improved motor functions. Roflupram prevented both dopaminergic neuronal loss and the reduction of phosphorylated CREB and PGC-1α in the substantia nigra and striatum. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Roflupram protected dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis via the CREB/PGC-1α pathway in PD models. Hence, roflupram has potential as a protective drug in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhong
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Dong
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Qin
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Xie
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Chi S, Wang C, Xie A. Emerging Role of Sirtuin 2 in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:372. [PMID: 31998119 PMCID: PMC6965030 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the main risk factor of which is age, is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, thus presenting a substantial burden on the health of affected individuals as well as an economic burden. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a subtype in the family of sirtuins, belongs to class III histone deacetylases (HDACs). It is known that SIRT2 levels increase with aging, and a growing body of evidence has been accumulating, showing that the activity of SIRT2 mediates various processes involved in PD pathogenesis, including aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn), microtubule function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy. There have been conflicting reports about the role of SIRT2 in PD, in that some studies indicate its potential to induce the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and that inhibition of SIRT2 may, therefore, have protective effects in PD. Other studies suggest a protective role of SIRT2 in the context of neuronal damage. As current treatments for PD are directed at alleviating symptoms and are very limited, a comprehensive understanding of the enzymology of SIRT2 in PD may be essential for developing novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease. This review article will provide an update on our knowledge of the structure, distribution, and biological characteristics of SIRT2, and highlight its role in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Konghua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth People Hospital of Qingdao City, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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30
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Sirtuin 1 Regulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Provides an Endogenous Neuroprotective Mechanism Against Seizure-Induced Neuronal Cell Death in the Hippocampus Following Status Epilepticus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143588. [PMID: 31340436 PMCID: PMC6678762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus may decrease mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in neuronal cell death occurring in the hippocampus. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) functionally interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which play a crucial role in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. In Sprague-Dawley rats, kainic acid was microinjected unilaterally into the hippocampal CA3 subfield to induce bilateral seizure activity. SIRT1, PGC-1α, and other key proteins involving mitochondrial biogenesis and the amount of mitochondrial DNA were investigated. SIRT1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide was used to evaluate the relationship between SIRT1 and mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as the mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell survival. Increased SIRT1, PGC-1α, and mitochondrial biogenesis machinery were found in the hippocampus following experimental status epilepticus. Downregulation of SIRT1 decreased PGC-1α expression and mitochondrial biogenesis machinery, increased Complex I dysfunction, augmented the level of oxidized proteins, raised activated caspase-3 expression, and promoted neuronal cell damage in the hippocampus. The results suggest that the SIRT1 signaling pathway may play a pivotal role in mitochondrial biogenesis, and could be considered an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism counteracting seizure-induced neuronal cell damage following status epilepticus.
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31
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Pham DD, Bruelle C, Thi Do H, Pajanoja C, Jin C, Srinivasan V, Olkkonen VM, Eriksson O, Jauhiainen M, Lalowski M, Lindholm D. Caspase-2 and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) are involved in the regulation of SREBP and lipid genes in hepatocyte cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:537. [PMID: 31296846 PMCID: PMC6624261 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-induced toxicity is part of several human diseases, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Fatty liver is characterized by the expression of different growth and tissue factors. The neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF) and its pro-form, pro-NGF, are present in fatty liver together with p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Stimulation of human Huh7 hepatocyte cells with NGF and pro-NGF induced Sterol-regulator-element-binding protein-2 (SREBP2) activation and increased Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) expression. We observed that phosphorylation of caspase-2 by p38 MAPK was essential for this regulation involving a caspase-3-mediated cleavage of SREBP2. RNA sequencing showed that several genes involved in lipid metabolism were altered in p75NTR-deficient mouse liver. The same lipogenic genes were downregulated in p75NTR gene-engineered human Huh7 cells and reciprocally upregulated by stimulation of p75NTRs. In the knock-out mice the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reduced, suggesting a physiological role of p75NTRs in whole-body lipid metabolism. Taken together, this study shows that p75NTR signaling influences a network of genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver and hepatocyte cells. Modulation of p75NTR signaling may be a target to consider in various metabolic disorders accompanied by increased lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Duc Pham
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, POB 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Céline Bruelle
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, POB 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hai Thi Do
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, POB 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ceren Pajanoja
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, POB 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Congyu Jin
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, POB 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vignesh Srinivasan
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, POB 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, POB 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, POB 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- HiLiFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, POB 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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Xu X, Wang R, Hao Z, Wang G, Mu C, Ding J, Sun W, Ren H. DJ-1 regulates tyrosine hydroxylase expression through CaMKKβ/CaMKIV/CREB1 pathway in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:869-879. [PMID: 31232473 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lack of dopamine production and neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are considered as the major characteristics of Parkinson's disease, a prevalent movement disorder worldwide. DJ-1 mutation leading to loss of its protein functions is a genetic factor of PD. In this study, our results illustrated that DJ-1 can directly interact with Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) and modifies the cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) activity, thus regulates tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. In Dj-1 knockout mouse substantia nigra, the levels of TH and the phosphorylation of CREB1 Ser133 are significantly decreased. Moreover, Dj-1 deficiency suppresses the phosphorylation of CaMKIV (Thr196/200) and CREB1 (Ser133), subsequently inhibits TH expression in vitro. Furthermore, Knockdown of Creb1 abolishes the effects of DJ-1 on TH regulation. Our data reveal a novel pathway in which DJ-1 regulates CaMKKβ/CaMKIV/CREB1 activities to facilitate TH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongbing Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenchen Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanping Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Xu J, Jackson CW, Khoury N, Escobar I, Perez-Pinzon MA. Brain SIRT1 Mediates Metabolic Homeostasis and Neuroprotection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:702. [PMID: 30532738 PMCID: PMC6265504 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved proteins that use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a co-substrate in their enzymatic reactions. There are seven proteins (SIRT1-7) in the human sirtuin family, among which SIRT1 is the most conserved and characterized. SIRT1 in the brain, in particular, within the hypothalamus, plays crucial roles in regulating systemic energy homeostasis and circadian rhythm. Apart from this, SIRT1 has also been found to mediate beneficial effects in neurological diseases. In this review, we will first summarize how SIRT1 in the brain relates to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and circadian synchronization, and then we discuss the neuroprotective roles of brain SIRT1 in the context of cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Charlie W. Jackson
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nathalie Khoury
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Iris Escobar
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Ferguson LB, Zhang L, Wang S, Bridges C, Harris RA, Ponomarev I. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Agonists Modulate Transposable Element Expression in Brain and Liver. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:331. [PMID: 30283300 PMCID: PMC6156381 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that act as transcription factors in response to endogenous lipid messengers. The fibrates and thiazolidinediones are synthetic PPAR agonists used clinically to treat dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, respectively, but also improve symptoms of several other diseases. Transposable elements (TEs), repetitive sequences in mammalian genomes, are implicated in many of the same conditions for which PPAR agonists are therapeutic, including neurodegeneration, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. We tested the hypothesis that there is a link between actions of PPAR agonists and TE expression. We developed an innovative application of microarray data by mapping Illumina mouse WG-6 microarray probes to areas of the mouse genome that contain TEs. Using this information, we assessed the effects of systemic administration of three PPAR agonists with different PPAR subtype selectivity: fenofibrate, tesaglitazar, and bezafibrate, on TE probe expression in mouse brain [prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala] and liver. We found that fenofibrate, and bezafibrate to a lesser extent, up-regulated probes mapped to retrotransposons: Short-Interspersed Elements (SINEs) and Long-Interspersed Elements (LINEs), in the PFC. Conversely, all PPAR agonists down-regulated LINEs and tesaglitazar and bezafibrate also down-regulated SINEs in liver. We built gene coexpression networks that partitioned the diverse transcriptional response to PPAR agonists into groups of probes with highly correlated expression patterns (modules). Most of the differentially expressed retrotransposons were within the same module, suggesting coordinated regulation of their expression, possibly by PPAR signaling. One TE module was conserved across tissues and was enriched with genes whose products participate in epigenetic regulation, suggesting that PPAR agonists affect TE expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Other enriched functional categories included phenotypes related to embryonic development and learning and memory, suggesting functional links between these biological processes and TE expression. In summary, these findings suggest mechanistic relationships between retrotransposons and PPAR agonists and provide a basis for future exploration of their functional roles in brain and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Ferguson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lingling Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Courtney Bridges
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - R Adron Harris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Igor Ponomarev
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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Guan L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Fan S, Gao Y, Jiao T, Fu K, Sun J, Yu A, Huang M, Bi H. Effects of carnitine palmitoyltransferases on cancer cellular senescence. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1707-1719. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihuan Guan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shicheng Fan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Tingying Jiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Kaili Fu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Aiming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine Sacramento California
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Huichang Bi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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Nierenberg AA, Ghaznavi SA, Sande Mathias I, Ellard KK, Janos JA, Sylvia LG. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 Alpha as a Novel Target for Bipolar Disorder and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:761-769. [PMID: 29502862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) is a protein that regulates metabolism and inflammation by activating nuclear receptors, especially the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). PGC-1 alpha and PPARs also regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, cellular energy production, thermogenesis, and lipid metabolism. Brain energy metabolism may also be regulated in part by the interaction between PGC-1 alpha and PPARs. Because neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and bipolar disorder have been associated with dysregulated mitochondrial and brain energy metabolism, PGC-1 alpha may represent a potential drug target for these conditions. The purpose of this article is to review the physiology of PGC-1 alpha, PPARs, and the role of PPAR agonists to target PGC-1 alpha to treat neurodegenerative diseases and bipolar disorder. We also review clinical trials of repurposed antidiabetic thiazolidines and anti-triglyceride fibrates (PPAR agonists) for neurodegenerative diseases and bipolar disorder. PGC-1 alpha and PPARs are innovative potential targets for bipolar disorder and warrant future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Nierenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Sharmin A Ghaznavi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isadora Sande Mathias
- Acadêmica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Kristen K Ellard
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Louisa G Sylvia
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Li X, Cui XX, Chen YJ, Wu TT, Xu H, Yin H, Wu YC. Therapeutic Potential of a Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor FG-4592 for Parkinson's Diseases in Vitro and in Vivo: Regulation of Redox Biology and Mitochondrial Function. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:121. [PMID: 29755339 PMCID: PMC5935184 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main transcription factor that regulates the cellular responses to hypoxia, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). HIF-1α is normally degraded through ubiquitination after hydroxylation by prolyl hydroxylases (PHD). Emerging evidence has suggested that HIF PHD inhibitors (HIF-PHI) may have neuroprotective effects on PD through increasing HIF-1α levels. However, the therapeutic benefit of HIF-PHI for PD remains poorly explored due to the lack of proper clinical compounds and understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we examined the therapeutic benefit of a new HIF-PHI, FG-4592, which is currently in phase 3 clinical trials to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in PD models. FG-4592 attenuates MPP+ -induced apoptosis and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment with FG-4592 mitigates MPP+-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP. Furthermore, FG-4592 counterbalances the oxidative stress through up-regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). FG-4592 treatment also induces the expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) through increasing the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In MPTP-treated mice, FG-4592 protects against MPTP-induced loss of TH-positive neurons of substantia nigra and attenuates behavioral impairments. Collectively, our study demonstrates that FG-4592 is a promising therapeutic strategy for PD through improving the mitochondrial function under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Xin Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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38
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Zhang J, Culp ML, Craver JG, Darley-Usmar V. Mitochondrial function and autophagy: integrating proteotoxic, redox, and metabolic stress in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2018; 144:691-709. [PMID: 29341130 PMCID: PMC5897151 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder with widespread neurodegeneration in the brain. Significant oxidative, reductive, metabolic, and proteotoxic alterations have been observed in PD postmortem brains. The alterations of mitochondrial function resulting in decreased bioenergetic health is important and needs to be further examined to help develop biomarkers for PD severity and prognosis. It is now becoming clear that multiple hits on metabolic and signaling pathways are likely to exacerbate PD pathogenesis. Indeed, data obtained from genetic and genome association studies have implicated interactive contributions of genes controlling protein quality control and metabolism. For example, loss of key proteins that are responsible for clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria through a process called mitophagy has been found to cause PD, and a significant proportion of genes associated with PD encode proteins involved in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. In this review, we highlight the evidence for the targeting of mitochondria by proteotoxic, redox and metabolic stress, and the role autophagic surveillance in maintenance of mitochondrial quality. Furthermore, we summarize the role of α-synuclein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, and tau in modulating mitochondrial function and autophagy. Among the stressors that can overwhelm the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, we will discuss 4-hydroxynonenal and nitric oxide. The impact of autophagy is context depend and as such can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of targeting mitochondria and autophagic function as an integrated therapeutic strategy and the emerging contribution of the microbiome to PD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center
| | - M Lillian Culp
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jason G Craver
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Zhou Y, Wang S, Li Y, Yu S, Zhao Y. SIRT1/PGC-1α Signaling Promotes Mitochondrial Functional Recovery and Reduces Apoptosis after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 10:443. [PMID: 29375306 PMCID: PMC5767311 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) exerts neuroprotection in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is not clear if SIRT1 has protective effects after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain injury in rats. Thus, our goal was to examine the influence of SIRT1 on ICH injuries and any underlying mechanisms of this influence. Brain injury was induced by autologous arterial blood (60 μL) injection into rat brains, and data show that activation of SIRT1 with SRT1720 (5 mg/kg) restored nuclear SIRT1, deacetylation of PGC-1α, and mitochondrial biogenesis and decreased mortality, behavioral deficits, and brain water content without significant changes in phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) induced by ICH. Activation of SIRT1 with SRT1720 also restored mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins and decreased apoptotic proteins in ICH; however, these changes were reversed after ICH. In contrast, treatment with PGC-1α siRNA yielded opposite effects. To explore the protective effects of SIRT1 after ICH, siRNAs were used to knockdown SIRT1. Treatment with SIRT1 siRNA increased mortality, behavioral deficits, brain water content, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurocyte apoptosis after ICH. Thus, activation of SIRT1 promotes recovery of mitochondrial protein and function by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and reduces apoptosis after ICH via the PGC-1α mitochondrial pathway. These data may suggest a new therapeutic approach for ICH injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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40
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The PGC-1α Activator ZLN005 Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:929-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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41
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Guirao V, Martí-Sistac O, DeGregorio-Rocasolano N, Ponce J, Dávalos A, Gasull T. Specific rescue by ortho-hydroxy atorvastatin of cortical GABAergic neurons from previous oxygen/glucose deprivation: role of pCREB. J Neurochem 2017; 143:359-374. [PMID: 28881028 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The statin atorvastatin (ATV) given as a post-treatment has been reported beneficial in stroke, although the mechanisms involved are not well understood so far. Here, we investigated in vitro the effect of post-treatment with ATV and its main bioactive metabolite ortho-hydroxy ATV (o-ATV) on neuroprotection after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and the role of the pro-survival cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Post-OGD treatment of primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with o-ATV, but not ATV, provided neuroprotection to a specific subset of cortical neurons that were large and positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (large-GAD(+) neurons, GABAergic). Significantly, only these GABAergic neurons showed an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) early after neuronal cultures were treated post-OGD with o-ATV. We found that o-ATV, but not ATV, increased the neuronal uptake of glutamate from the medium; this provides a rationale for the specific effect of o-ATV on pCREB in large-GABAergic neurons, which have a higher ratio of synaptic (pCREB-promoting) vs extrasynaptic (pCREB-reducing) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDAR) than that of small-non-GABAergic neurons. When we pharmacologically increased pCREB levels post-OGD in non-GABAergic neurons, through the selective activation of synaptic NMDAR, we observed as well long-lasting neuronal survival. We propose that the statin metabolite o-ATV given post-OGD boosts the intrinsic pro-survival factor pCREB in large-GABAergic cortical neurons in vitro, this contributing to protect them from OGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Guirao
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Octavi Martí-Sistac
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria DeGregorio-Rocasolano
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jovita Ponce
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antoni Dávalos
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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Rosa AI, Fonseca I, Nunes MJ, Moreira S, Rodrigues E, Carvalho AN, Rodrigues CMP, Gama MJ, Castro-Caldas M. Novel insights into the antioxidant role of tauroursodeoxycholic acid in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2171-2181. [PMID: 28583715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and generation of reactive oxygen species are deeply implicated in Parkinson's disease progression. Indeed, mutations in genes that affect mitochondrial function account for most of the familial cases of the disease, and post mortem studies in sporadic PD patients brains revealed increased signs of oxidative stress. Moreover, exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, leads to clinical symptoms similar to sporadic PD. The bile acid tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is an anti-apoptotic molecule shown to protect against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration in mice, but the mechanisms involved are still incompletely identified. Herein we used MPTP-treated mice, as well as primary cultures of mice cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+ to investigate the modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction by TUDCA in PD models. We show that TUDCA exerts its neuroprotective role in a parkin-dependent manner. Overall, our results point to the pharmacological up-regulation of mitochondrial turnover by TUDCA as a novel neuroprotective mechanism of this molecule, and contribute to the validation of TUDCA clinical application in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Rosa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Fonseca
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Nunes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Moreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Neves Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Gama
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Castro-Caldas
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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43
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Ye Q, Chen C, Si E, Cai Y, Wang J, Huang W, Li D, Wang Y, Chen X. Mitochondrial Effects of PGC-1alpha Silencing in MPP + Treated Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:164. [PMID: 28611589 PMCID: PMC5447087 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic neuron degeneration and loss that occurs in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been tightly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the aged-related cause of the mitochondrial defect observed in PD patients remains unclear, nuclear genes are of potential importance to mitochondrial function. Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) is a multi-functional transcription factor that tightly regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity. The goal of the present study was to explore the potential pathogenic effects of interference by the PGC-1α gene on N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells. We utilized RNA interference (RNAi) technology to probe the pathogenic consequences of inhibiting PGC-1α in the SH-SY5Y cell line. Remarkably, a reduction in PGC-1α resulted in the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ATP content and intracellular H2O2 generation, leading to the translocation of cytochrome c (cyt c) to the cytoplasm in the MPP+-induced PD cell model. The expression of related proteins in the signaling pathway (e.g., estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), NRF-2 and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)) also decreased. Our finding indicates that small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference targeting the PGC-1α gene could inhibit the function of mitochondria in several capacities and that the PGC-1α gene may modulate mitochondrial function by regulating the expression of ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2 and PPARγ. Thus, PGC-1α can be considered a potential therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Erwang Si
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Yousheng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Juhua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Wanling Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Dongzhu Li
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Yingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
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Krishna G, Agrawal R, Zhuang Y, Ying Z, Paydar A, Harris NG, Royes LFF, Gomez-Pinilla F. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone facilitates the action exercise to restore plasticity and functionality: Implications for early brain trauma recovery. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1204-1213. [PMID: 28315455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction accompanying traumatic brain injury (TBI) severely impairs the ability of injured neurons to comply with functional demands. This limits the success of rehabilitative strategies by compromising brain plasticity and function, and highlights the need for early interventions to promote energy homeostasis. We sought to examine whether the TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) normalizes brain energy deficits and reestablishes more normal patterns of functional connectivity, while enhancing the effects of exercise during post-TBI period. Moderate fluid percussion injury (FPI) was performed and 7,8-DHF (5mg/kg, i.p.) was administered in animals subjected to FPI that either had access to voluntary wheel running for 7days after injury or were sedentary. Compared to sham-injured controls, TBI resulted in reduced hippocampal activation of the BDNF receptor TrkB and associated CREB, reduced levels of plasticity markers GAP-43 and Syn I, as well as impaired memory as indicated by the Barnes maze task. While 7,8-DHF treatment and exercise individually mitigated TBI-induced effects, administration of 7,8-DHF concurrently with exercise facilitated memory performance and augmented levels of markers of cell energy metabolism viz., PGC-1α, COII and AMPK. In parallel to these findings, resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) acquired at 2weeks after injury showed that 7,8-DHF with exercise enhanced hippocampal functional connectivity, and suggests 7,8-DHF and exercise to promote increases in functional connectivity. Together, these findings indicate that post-injury 7,8-DHF treatment promotes enhanced levels of cell metabolism, synaptic plasticity in combination with exercise increases in brain circuit function that facilitates greater physical rehabilitation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Krishna
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yumei Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Ying
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Afshin Paydar
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil G Harris
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luiz Fernando F Royes
- Exercise and Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Physical Education and Sports (CEFD), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Shi X, Zhao M, Fu C, Fu A. Intravenous administration of mitochondria for treating experimental Parkinson's disease. Mitochondrion 2017; 34:91-100. [PMID: 28242362 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a large number of human diseases, including neurological and muscular degeneration, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, diabetes, aging and rare mitochondrial diseases. Replacement of dysfunctional mitochondria with functional exogenous mitochondria is proposed as a general principle to treat these diseases. Here we found that mitochondria isolated from human hepatoma cell could naturally enter human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, and when the mitochondria were intravenously injected into mice, all of the mice were survived and no obvious abnormality appeared. The results of in vivo distribution suggested that the exogenous mitochondria distributed in various tissues including brain, liver, kidney, muscle and heart, which would benefit for multi-systemically mitochondrial diseases. In normal mice, mitochondrial supplement improved their endurance by increase of energy production in forced swimming test; and in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice induced by respiratory chain inhibitor MPTP, mitochondrial replacement prevented experimental PD progress through increasing the activity of electron transport chain, decreasing reactive oxygen species level, and preventing cell apoptosis and necrosis. Since effective drugs remain elusive to date for mitochondrial diseases, the strategy of mitochondrial replacement would provide an essential and innovative approach as mitochondrial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxun Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chen Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ailing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Ji B, Liu H, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Wang C, Li S, Chen J, Bai B. Novel signaling of dynorphin at κ-opioid receptor/bradykinin B2 receptor heterodimers. Cell Signal 2017; 31:66-78. [PMID: 28069442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) and bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) are involved in a variety of important physiological processes and share many similar characteristics in terms of their distribution and functions in the nervous system. We first demonstrated the endogenous expression of KOR and B2R in human SH-SY5Y cells and their co-localization on the membrane of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Bioluminescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer and the proximity ligation assay were exploited to demonstrate the formation of functional KOR and B2R heteromers in transfected cells. KOR/B2R heteromers triggered dynorphin A (1-13)-induced Gαs/protein kinase A signaling pathway activity, including upregulation of intracellular cAMP levels and cAMP-response element luciferase reporter activity, resulting in increased cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, which could be dampened by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89. This indicated that the co-existence of KOR and B2R is critical for CREB phosphorylation. In addition, dynorphin A (1-13) induced a significantly higher rate of proliferation in HEK293-KOR/B2R and human SH-SY5Y cells than in the control group. These results indicate that KOR can form a heterodimer with B2R and this leads to increased protein kinase A activity by the CREB signaling pathway, leading to a significant increase in cell proliferation. The nature of this signaling pathway has significant implications for the role of dynorphin in the regulation of neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Ji
- School of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China; Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Taishan Medical College, Taian 271000, PR China
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Sheng Li
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China; Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China.
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Wu X, Cao N, Fenech M, Wang X. Role of Sirtuins in Maintenance of Genomic Stability: Relevance to Cancer and Healthy Aging. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:542-575. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Neng Cao
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health and Personalized Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Food and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Sirtuin1 promotes osteogenic differentiation through downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:439-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tang BL. Sirtuins as modifiers of Parkinson's disease pathology. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:930-942. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore; Singapore
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