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Sandhu A, Rawat K, Gautam V, Kumar A, Sharma A, Bhatia A, Grover S, Saini L, Saha L. Neuroprotective effect of PPAR gamma agonist in rat model of autism spectrum disorder: Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111126. [PMID: 39179196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to the disruption of fundamental neurodevelopmental pathways. Emerging evidences claim to have an upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway while downregulation of PPARγ pathway in ASD. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, in rat model of ASD. The study further explores the possible role of PPARγ and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and their interaction in ASD by using their modulators. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pregnant female Wistar rats received 600 mg/kg of valproic acid (VPA) to induce autistic symptoms in pups. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) was used to evaluate neurobehaviors, relative mRNA expression of inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax, & Caspase-3) and histopathology (H&E, Nissl stain, Immunohistochemistry). Effect of pioglitazone was evaluated on Wnt pathway and 4 μg/kg dose of 6-BIO (Wnt modulator) was used to study the PPARγ pathway. RESULTS ASD model was established in pups as indicated by core autistic symptoms, increased neuroinflammation, apoptosis and histopathological neurodegeneration in cerebellum, hippocampus and amygdala. Pioglitazone significantly attenuated these alterations in VPA-exposed rats. The expression study results indicated an increase in key transcription factor, β-catenin in VPA-rats suggesting an upregulation of canonical Wnt pathway in them. Pioglitazone significantly downregulated the Wnt signaling by suppressing the expression of Wnt signaling-associated proteins. The inhibiting effect of Wnt pathway on PPARγ activity was indicated by downregulation of PPARγ-associated protein in VPA-exposed rats and those administered with 6-BIO. CONCLUSION In the present study, upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was demonstrated in ASD rat model. Pioglitazone administration significantly ameliorated these symptoms potentially through its neuroprotective effect and its ability to downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The antagonism between the PPARγ and Wnt pathway offers a promising therapeutic approach for addressing ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Sandhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vipasha Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Antika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute ofMedical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
| | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Zhang WJ, Shi HZ, Guo MN, Xu LF, Zhai HR, Liu ZZ, Zhu YQ, Zhang WN, Wang J. PGC-1α regulates critical period onset/closure, mediating cortical plasticity. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1149906. [PMID: 37822967 PMCID: PMC10563514 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1149906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARγ coactivator-α (PGC-1α) is concentrated in inhibitory interneurons and plays a vital role in neuropsychiatric diseases. We previously reported some characteristic features of schizophrenia (SZ) in GABAergic neuron-specific Pgc-1alpha knockout (KO) mice (Dlx5/6-Cre: Pgc-1alphaf/f). However, there is a fundamental gap in the molecular mechanism by which the Pgc-1alpha gene is involved in the neurobehavioral abnormalities of SZ. The loss of critical period (CP) triggers-maturations of parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs) and brakes-and the formation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) implicates mistimed trajectories during adult brain development. In this study, using the Pgc-1alpha KO mouse line, we investigated the association of Pgc-1alpha gene deletion with SZ-like behavioral deficits, PVI maturation, PNN integrity and synaptic ultrastructure. These findings suggest that Pgc-1alpha gene deletion resulted in a failure of CP onset and closure, thereby prolonging cortical plasticity timing. To determine whether the manipulation of the PNN structure is a potential method of altering neuronal plasticity, GM6001, a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-inhibitor was applied. Here we confirmed that the treatment could effectively correct the CP plasticity window and ameliorate the synaptic ultrastructure in the Pgc-1alpha KO brain. Moreover, the intervention effect on neuronal plasticity was followed by the rescue of short-term habituation deficits and the mitigation of aberrant salience, which are some characteristic features of SZ. Taken collectively, these findings suggest that the role of PGC-1α in regulating cortical plasticity is mediated, at least partially, through the regulation of CP onset/closure. Strategically introduced reinforcement of molecular brakes may be a novel preventive therapy for psychiatric disorders associated with PGC-1α dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hou-Zhen Shi
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei-Na Guo
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long-Fei Xu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Ru Zhai
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Zhong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Jieshengrui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Bhattacharya D, Bartley AF, Li Q, Dobrunz LE. Bicuculline restores frequency-dependent hippocampal I/E ratio and circuit function in PGC-1ɑ null mice. Neurosci Res 2022; 184:9-18. [PMID: 35842011 PMCID: PMC10865982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Altered inhibition/excitation (I/E) balance contributes to various brain disorders. Dysfunctional GABAergic interneurons enhance or reduce inhibition, resulting in I/E imbalances. Differences in short-term plasticity between excitation and inhibition cause frequency-dependence of the I/E ratio, which can be altered by GABAergic dysfunction. However, it is unknown whether I/E imbalances can be rescued pharmacologically using a single dose when the imbalance magnitude is frequency-dependent. Loss of PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α) causes transcriptional dysregulation in hippocampal GABAergic interneurons. PGC-1α-/- slices have enhanced baseline inhibition onto CA1 pyramidal cells, causing increased I/E ratio and impaired circuit function. High frequency stimulation reduces the I/E ratio and recovers circuit function in PGC-1α-/- slices. Here we tested if using a low dose of bicuculline that can restore baseline I/E ratio can also rescue the frequency-dependent I/E imbalances in these mice. Remarkably, bicuculline did not reduce the I/E ratio below that of wild type during high frequency stimulation. Interestingly, bicuculline enhanced the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) of disynaptic inhibition without changing the monosynaptic inhibition PPR, suggesting that bicuculline modifies interneuron recruitment and not GABA release. Bicuculline improved CA1 output in PGC-1α-/- slices, enhancing EPSP-spike coupling to wild type levels at high and low frequencies. Our results show that it is possible to rescue frequency-dependent I/E imbalances in an animal model of transcriptional dysregulation with a single treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Aundrea F Bartley
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lynn E Dobrunz
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, United States.
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4
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Grillo W, Boateng CA, Brady LJ, Gaudier-Diaz MM, Mitchell KA, Ruffin VA, Tejdeda HA, Marshall SA. Reflections of six neuroscientists: The influences of training at minority serving institutions. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1529-1537. [PMID: 33527411 PMCID: PMC9942539 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Grillo
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, NC, USA
| | - Lillian J. Brady
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Monica M. Gaudier-Diaz
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kerry-Ann Mitchell
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vernon A. Ruffin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Virginia Union University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hugo A. Tejdeda
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. Alex Marshall
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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McMeekin LJ, Joyce KL, Jenkins LM, Bohannon BM, Patel KD, Bohannon AS, Patel A, Fox SN, Simmons MS, Day JJ, Kralli A, Crossman DK, Cowell RM. Estrogen-related Receptor Alpha (ERRα) is Required for PGC-1α-dependent Gene Expression in the Mouse Brain. Neuroscience 2021; 479:70-90. [PMID: 34648866 PMCID: PMC9124582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha. (PGC-1α) expression or function is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. PGC-1α is required for the expression of genes involved in synchronous neurotransmitter release, axonal integrity, and metabolism, especially in parvalbumin-positive interneurons. As a transcriptional coactivator, PGC-1α requires transcription factors to specify cell-type-specific gene programs; while much is known about these factors in peripheral tissues, it is unclear if PGC-1α utilizes these same factors in neurons. Here, we identified putative transcription factors controlling PGC-1α-dependent gene expression in the brain using bioinformatics and then validated the role of the top candidate in a knockout mouse model. We transcriptionally profiled cells overexpressing PGC-1α and searched for over-represented binding motifs in the promoters of upregulated genes. Binding sites of the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family of transcription factors were enriched, and blockade of ERRα attenuated PGC-1α-mediated induction of mitochondrial and synaptic genes in cell culture. Localization in the mouse brain revealed enrichment of ERRα expression in parvalbumin-expressing neurons with tight correlation of expression with PGC-1α across brain regions. In ERRα null mice, PGC-1α-dependent genes were reduced in multiple regions, including neocortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, though not to the extent observed in PGC-1α null mice. Behavioral assessment revealed ambulatory hyperactivity in response to amphetamine and impairments in sensorimotor gating without the overt motor impairment characteristic of PGC-1α null mice. These data suggest that ERRα is required for normal levels of expression of PGC-1α-dependent genes in neurons but that additional factors may be involved in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J McMeekin
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - K L Joyce
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - L M Jenkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - B M Bohannon
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - K D Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - A S Bohannon
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - S N Fox
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - M S Simmons
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
| | - J J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - A Kralli
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - D K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - R M Cowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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6
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Corder KM, Li Q, Cortes MA, Bartley AF, Davis TR, Dobrunz LE. Overexpression of neuropeptide Y decreases responsiveness to neuropeptide Y. Neuropeptides 2020; 79:101979. [PMID: 31708112 PMCID: PMC6960342 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an endogenous neuropeptide that is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. NPY is involved in various neurological processes and neuropsychiatric disorders, including fear learning and anxiety disorders. Reduced levels of NPY are reported in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients, and NPY has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for PTSD. It is therefore important to understand the effects of chronic enhancement of NPY on anxiety and fear learning. Previous studies have shown that acute elevation of NPY reduces anxiety, fear learning and locomotor activity. Models of chronic NPY overexpression have produced mixed results, possibly caused by ectopic NPY expression. NPY is expressed primarily by a subset of GABAergic interneurons, providing specific spatiotemporal release patterns. Administration of exogenous NPY throughout the brain, or overexpression in cells that do not normally release NPY, can have detrimental side effects, including memory impairment. In order to determine the effects of boosting NPY only in the cells that normally release it, we utilized a transgenic mouse line that overexpresses NPY only in NPY+ cells. We tested for effects on anxiety related behaviors in adolescent mice, an age with high incidence of anxiety disorders in humans. Surprisingly, we did not observe the expected reduction in anxiety-like behavior in NPY overexpression mice. There was no change in fear learning behavior, although there was a deficit in nest building. The effect of exogenous NPY on synaptic transmission in acute hippocampal slices was also diminished, indicating that the function of NPY receptors is impaired. Reduced NPY receptor function could contribute to the unexpected behavioral outcomes. We conclude that overexpression of NPY, even in cells that normally express it, can lead to reduced responsiveness of NPY receptors, potentially affecting the ability of NPY to function as a long-term therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn M Corder
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurobiology, 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 971, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biology, 1670 University Blvd., VH G133B, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - Qin Li
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurobiology, 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 971, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Mariana A Cortes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurobiology, 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 971, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Aundrea F Bartley
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurobiology, 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 971, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Taylor R Davis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurobiology, 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 971, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Lynn E Dobrunz
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurobiology, 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 971, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
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7
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Vallée A, Vallée JN, Lecarpentier Y. PPARγ agonists: potential treatment for autism spectrum disorder by inhibiting the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:643-652. [PMID: 30104725 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a deficit in social interactions and communication with repetitive and restrictive behavior. No curative treatments are available for ASD. Pharmacological treatments do not address the core ASD behaviors, but target comorbid symptoms. Dysregulation of the core neurodevelopmental pathways is associated with the clinical presentation of ASD, and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is one of the major pathways involved. The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway participates in the development of the central nervous system, and its dysregulation involves developmental cognitive disorders. In numerous tissues, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) act in an opposed manner. In ASD, the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is increased while PPARγ seems to be decreased. PPARγ agonists present a beneficial effect in treatment for ASD children through their anti-inflammatory role. Moreover, they induce the inhibition of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in several pathophysiological states. We focus this review on the hypothesis of an opposed interplay between PPARγ and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in ASD and the potential role of PPARγ agonists as treatment for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Paris-Descartes University; Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital; AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054, Amiens, France.,Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 rue Saint-fiacre, 77100, Meaux, France
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Kaneta H, Ukai W, Tsujino H, Furuse K, Kigawa Y, Tayama M, Ishii T, Hashimoto E, Kawanishi C. Antipsychotics promote GABAergic interneuron genesis in the adult rat brain: Role of heat-shock protein production. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:108-118. [PMID: 28414930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current antipsychotics reduce positive symptoms and reverse negative symptoms in conjunction with cognitive behavioral issues with the goal of restoring impaired occupational and social functioning. However, limited information is available on their influence on gliogenesis or their neurogenic properties in adult schizophrenia brains, particularly on GABAergic interneuron production. In the present study, we used young adult subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived progenitor cells expressing proteoglycan NG2 cultures to examine the oligodendrocyte and GABAergic interneuron genesis effects of several kinds of antipsychotics on changes in differentiation function induced by exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. We herein demonstrated that antipsychotics promoted or restored changes in the oligodendrocyte/GABAergic interneuron differentiation functions of NG2(+) cells induced by the exposure to MK-801, which was considered to be one of the drug-induced schizophrenia model. We also demonstrated that antipsychotics restored heat-shock protein (HSP) production in NG2(+) cells with differentiation impairment. The antipsychotics olanzapine, aripiprazole, and blonanserin, but not haloperidol increased HSP90 levels, which were reduced by the exposure to MK-801. Our results showed that antipsychotics, particularly those recently synthesized, exerted similar GABAergic interneuron genesis effects on NG2(+) neuronal/glial progenitor cells in the adult rat brain by increasing cellular HSP production, and also suggest that HSP90 may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and is a key target for next drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Kaneta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Wataru Ukai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Hanako Tsujino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Kengo Furuse
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Kigawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Masaya Tayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Takao Ishii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Eri Hashimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kawanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 0608543, Japan.
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