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Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Nuñez A, Torres Aleman I. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16440. [PMID: 38003628 PMCID: PMC10671249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research, disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still very much needed. Apart from the extensively analyzed tau and amyloid pathological cascades, two promising avenues of research that may eventually identify new druggable targets for AD are based on a better understanding of the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to this condition. We argue that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) activity in the brain provides a common substrate for the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to AD. We postulate that preserved brain IGF-I activity contributes to resilience to AD pathology as this growth factor intervenes in all the major pathological cascades considered to be involved in AD, including metabolic impairment, altered proteostasis, and inflammation, to name the three that are considered to be the most important ones. Conversely, disturbed IGF-I activity is found in many AD risk factors, such as old age, type 2 diabetes, imbalanced diet, sedentary life, sociality, stroke, stress, and low education, whereas the Apolipoprotein (Apo) E4 genotype and traumatic brain injury may also be influenced by brain IGF-I activity. Accordingly, IGF-I activity should be taken into consideration when analyzing these processes, while its preservation will predictably help prevent the progress of AD pathology. Thus, we need to define IGF-I activity in all these conditions and develop a means to preserve it. However, defining brain IGF-I activity cannot be solely based on humoral or tissue levels of this neurotrophic factor, and new functionally based assessments need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Medicine, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14000, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Jing D, Hou X, Guo X, Zhao X, Zhang K, Zhang J, Kan C, Han F, Liu J, Sun X. Astrocytes in Post-Stroke Depression: Roles in Inflammation, Neurotransmission, and Neurotrophin Signaling. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3301-3313. [PMID: 37470888 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a frequent and disabling complication of stroke that affects up to one-third of stroke survivors. The pathophysiology of PSD involves multiple mechanisms, including neurochemical, neuroinflammatory, neurotrophic, and neuroplastic changes. Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that is plentiful and adaptable in the central nervous system. They play key roles in various mechanisms by modulating neurotransmission, inflammation, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. This review summarizes the latest evidence of astrocyte involvement in PSD from human and animal studies, focusing on the alterations of astrocyte markers and functions in relation to monoamine neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glutamate excitotoxicity. We also discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting astrocytes for PSD prevention and treatment. Astrocytes could be new candidates for antidepressant medications and other interventions that aim to restore astrocyte homeostasis and function in PSD. Astrocytes could be new candidates for antidepressant medications and other interventions that aim to restore astrocyte homeostasis and function in PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Jing
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of General Practice, Weifang Sixth People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Neurology 1, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, China.
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3
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Nuñez A, Zegarra-Valdivia J, Fernandez de Sevilla D, Pignatelli J, Torres Aleman I. The neurobiology of insulin-like growth factor I: From neuroprotection to modulation of brain states. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3220-3230. [PMID: 37353586 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
After decades of research in the neurobiology of IGF-I, its role as a prototypical neurotrophic factor is undisputed. However, many of its actions in the adult brain indicate that this growth factor is not only involved in brain development or in the response to injury. Following a three-layer assessment of its role in the central nervous system, we consider that at the cellular level, IGF-I is indeed a bona fide neurotrophic factor, modulating along ontogeny the generation and function of all the major types of brain cells, contributing to sculpt brain architecture and adaptive responses to damage. At the circuit level, IGF-I modulates neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity at multiple sites, whereas at the system level, IGF-I intervenes in energy allocation, proteostasis, circadian cycles, mood, and cognition. Local and peripheral sources of brain IGF-I input contribute to a spatially restricted, compartmentalized, and timed modulation of brain activity. To better define these variety of actions, we consider IGF-I a modulator of brain states. This definition aims to reconcile all aspects of IGF-I neurobiology, and may provide a new conceptual framework in the design of future research on the actions of this multitasking neuromodulator in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú
| | - D Fernandez de Sevilla
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurosciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pignatelli
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
- Ikerbasque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain.
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IGF-1 Controls Metabolic Homeostasis and Survival in HEI-OC1 Auditory Cells through AKT and mTOR Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020233. [PMID: 36829792 PMCID: PMC9952701 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a trophic factor for the nervous system where it exerts pleiotropic effects, including the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. IGF-1 deficiency induces morphological alterations in the cochlea, apoptosis and hearing loss. While multiple studies have addressed the role of IGF-1 in hearing protection, its potential function in the modulation of otic metabolism remains unclear. Here, we report that "House Ear Institute-organ of Corti 1" (HEI-OC1) auditory cells express IGF-system genes that are regulated during their differentiation. Upon binding to its high-affinity receptor IGF1R, IGF-1 activates AKT and mTOR signaling to stimulate anabolism and, concomitantly, to reduce autophagic catabolism in HEI-OC1 progenitor cells. Notably, IGF-1 stimulation during HEI-OC1 differentiation to mature otic cells sustained both constructive metabolism and autophagic flux, possibly to favor cell remodeling. IGF1R engagement and downstream AKT signaling promoted HEI-OC1 cell survival by maintaining redox balance, even when cells were challenged with the ototoxic agent cisplatin. Our findings establish that IGF-1 not only serves an important function in otic metabolic homeostasis but also activates antioxidant defense mechanisms to promote hair cell survival during the stress response to insults.
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Laviv Y, Sapirstein E, Kanner AA, Berkowitz S, Fichman S, Benouaich-Amiel A, Yust-Katz S, Kasper EE, Siegal T. Significant Systemic Insulin Resistance is Associated With Unique Glioblastoma Multiforme Phenotype. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231207725. [PMID: 37920781 PMCID: PMC10619354 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231207725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Some glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are characterized by the presence of gemistocytes (GCs), a unique phenotype of reactive astrocytes. Certain GCs can be identified as neoplastic cells but these cells were also found to be associated with diabetes in non-neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system. Our aim was to find a correlation between insulin - resistance metabolic features and the presence of GCs in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Methods Medical records from histologically confirmed GBM patients were retrospectively extracted for different systemic metabolic variables. A statistic-based comparison was made between GBM, diabetic patients with and without GC. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes (ie, hemoglobin A1C ⩾ 8.0) were also compared between the 2 groups. Results A total of 220 newly diagnosed GBM patients were included in our study. 58 (26.3%) patients had a history of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) at the time of admission. The rate of poorly-controlled DM2 was nearly as twice in the GC-GBM group than in the non-GC GBM group (18.75% vs 9.5%; P = .130). In the DM2 cohort, the subgroup of GC-GBM was significantly associated with demographic and metabolic features related to insulin resistance such as male gender predominance (89% vs 50%, P = .073) and morbid obesity (weight ⩾85 kg: OR 6.16; P = .0019 and mean BMI: 34.1 ± 11.42 vs 28.7 ± 5.44; P = .034 for group with and without GCs, respectively). In the poorly-controlled DM2 group, none of the GC-GBM patients were using insulin prior to diagnosis, compared to 61.1% in the non-GC GBM patients (OR = 0.04, P = .045). Conclusion Systemic metabolic factors related to marked insulin resistance (DM2, morbid obesity, male gender) are associated with a unique histologic phenotype of GBM, characterized by the presence of GCs. This feature is prominent in poorly-controlled DM2 GBM patients who are not using synthetic insulin. This novel finding may add to the growing data on the relevance of glucose metabolism in astrocytes and in astrocytes associated with high-grade gliomas. In GBM patients, a correlation between patients' metabolic status, tumor's histologic phenotype, tumor's molecular changes, use of anti-diabetic drugs and the respective impact of these factor on survival warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Laviv
- Neurosurgery Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilat Sapirstein
- Neurosurgery Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew A Kanner
- Neurosurgery Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Berkowitz
- Neurosurgery Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Suzana Fichman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pathology Department, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Benouaich-Amiel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Shlomit Yust-Katz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ekkehard E Kasper
- Neurosurgery Department, St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tali Siegal
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Del Moro L, Rota E, Pirovano E, Rainero I. Migraine, Brain Glucose Metabolism and the "Neuroenergetic" Hypothesis: A Scoping Review. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1294-1317. [PMID: 35296423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that migraine may be the result of an impaired brain glucose metabolism. Several studies have reported brain mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired brain glucose metabolism and gray matter volume reduction in specific brain areas of migraineurs. Furthermore, peripheral insulin resistance, a condition demonstrated in several studies, may extend to the brain, leading to brain insulin resistance. This condition has been proven to downregulate insulin receptors, both in astrocytes and neurons, triggering a reduction in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, mainly during high metabolic demand. This scoping review examines the clinical, epidemiologic and pathophysiologic data supporting the hypothesis that abnormalities in brain glucose metabolism may generate a mismatch between the brain's energy reserve and metabolic expenditure, triggering migraine attacks. Moreover, alteration in glucose homeostasis could generate a chronic brain energy deficit promoting migraine chronification. Lastly, insulin resistance may link migraine with its comorbidities, like obesity, depression, cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular diseases. PERSPECTIVE: Although additional experimental studies are needed to support this novel "neuroenergetic" hypothesis, brain insulin resistance in migraineurs may unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, explaining the migraine chronification and connecting migraine with comorbidities. Therefore, this hypothesis could elucidate novel potential approaches for migraine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Del Moro
- Foundation Allineare Sanità and Salute, Scientific Committee, Milan, Italy; LUMEN APS, European Salus Network, Scientific Committee, San Pietro in Cerro (PC), Italy.
| | - Eugenia Rota
- Neurology Unit, ASL AL, San Giacomo Hospital, Novi Ligure, Italy
| | - Elenamaria Pirovano
- Foundation Allineare Sanità and Salute, Scientific Committee, Milan, Italy; LUMEN APS, European Salus Network, Scientific Committee, San Pietro in Cerro (PC), Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Italy
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Raitiere MN. The Elusive "Switch Process" in Bipolar Disorder and Photoperiodism: A Hypothesis Centering on NADPH Oxidase-Generated Reactive Oxygen Species Within the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:847584. [PMID: 35782417 PMCID: PMC9243387 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.847584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most striking and least understood aspects of mood disorders involves the "switch process" which drives the dramatic state changes characteristic of bipolar disorder. In this paper we explore the bipolar switch mechanism as deeply grounded in forms of seasonal switching (for example, from summer to winter phenotypes) displayed by many mammalian species. Thus we develop a new and unifying hypothesis that involves four specific claims, all converging to demonstrate a deeper affinity between the bipolar switch process and the light-sensitive (photoperiodic) nonhuman switch sequence than has been appreciated. First, we suggest that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in both human and nonhuman plays a key role in probing for those seasonal changes in length of day that trigger the organism's characteristic involutional response (in certain animals, hibernation) to shorter days. Second, we claim that this general mammalian response requires the integrity of a neural circuit centering on the anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Third, we propose that a key molecular mediator of the switch process in both nonhumans and seasonal humans involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) of a particular provenance, namely those created by the enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX). This position diverges from one currently prominent among students of bipolar disorder. In that tradition, the fact that patients afflicted with bipolar-spectrum disorders display indices of oxidative damage is marshaled to support the conclusion that ROS, escaping adventitiously from mitochondria, have a near-exclusive pathological role. Instead, we believe that ROS, originating instead in membrane-affiliated NOX enzymes upstream from mitochondria, take part in an eminently physiological signaling process at work to some degree in all mammals. Fourth and finally, we speculate that the diversion of ROS from that purposeful, genetically rooted seasonal switching task into the domain of human pathology represents a surprisingly recent phenomenon. It is one instigated mainly by anthropogenic modifications of the environment, especially "light pollution."
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N Raitiere
- Department of Psychiatry, Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
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8
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Shinjyo N, Kita K. Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765217. [PMID: 34795562 PMCID: PMC8592913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are frequently associated with dementia, suggesting that the dysregulation of energy metabolism can increase the risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. In addition, growing evidence suggests the link between infections and brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The immune system and energy metabolism are in an intricate relationship. Infection triggers immune responses, which are accompanied by imbalance in cellular and organismal energy metabolism, while metabolic disorders can lead to immune dysregulation and higher infection susceptibility. In the brain, the activities of brain-resident immune cells, including microglia, are associated with their metabolic signatures, which may be affected by central nervous system (CNS) infection. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can compromise innate immunity in the brain, leading to enhanced CNS infection susceptibility. Thus, infection and metabolic imbalance can be intertwined to each other in the etiology of brain disorders, including dementia. Insulin and leptin play pivotal roles in the regulation of immunometabolism in the CNS and periphery, and dysfunction of these signaling pathways are associated with cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, infectious complications are often comorbid with diabetes and obesity, which are characterized by insulin resistance and leptin signaling deficiency. Examples include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and periodontal disease caused by an oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review explores potential interactions between infectious agents and insulin and leptin signaling pathways, and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between infection, metabolic dysregulation, and brain disorders, particularly focusing on the roles of insulin and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Tarantini S, Balasubramanian P, Yabluchanskiy A, Ashpole NM, Logan S, Kiss T, Ungvari A, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Schwartzman ML, Benyo Z, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. IGF1R signaling regulates astrocyte-mediated neurovascular coupling in mice: implications for brain aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:901-911. [PMID: 33674953 PMCID: PMC8110646 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a significant deficiency in circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which has an important role in the pathogenesis of age-related vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Impairment of moment-to-moment adjustment of regional cerebral blood flow via neurovascular coupling (NVC) importantly contributes to VCI. Previous studies established a causal link between circulating IGF-1 deficiency and neurovascular dysfunction. Release of vasodilator mediators from activated astrocytes plays a key role in NVC. To determine the impact of impaired IGF-1 signaling on astrocytic function, astrocyte-mediated NVC responses were studied in a novel mouse model of astrocyte-specific knockout of IGF1R (GFAP-CreERT2/Igf1rf/f) and accelerated neurovascular aging. We found that mice with disrupted astrocytic IGF1R signaling exhibit impaired NVC responses, decreased stimulated release of the vasodilator gliotransmitter epoxy-eicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and upregulation of soluble epoxy hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes and inactivates EETs. Collectively, our findings provide additional evidence that IGF-1 promotes astrocyte health and maintains normal NVC, protecting cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Pharmacology Division, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program/HCEMM, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program/HCEMM, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William E Sonntag
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program/HCEMM, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program/HCEMM, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Ferreira ST. Brain insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and glucagon-like peptide 1 signalling in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12959. [PMID: 33739563 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the brain was once considered an insulin-independent organ, insulin signalling is now recognised as being central to neuronal health and to the function of synapses and brain circuits. Defective brain insulin signalling, as well as related signalling by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), is associated with neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that cognitive impairment could be related to a state of brain insulin resistance. Here, I briefly review key epidemiological/clinical evidence of the association between diabetes, cognitive decline and AD, as well as findings of reduced components of insulin signalling in AD brains, which led to the initial suggestion that AD could be a type of brain diabetes. Particular attention is given to recent studies illuminating mechanisms leading to neuronal insulin resistance as a key driver of cognitive impairment in AD. Evidence of impaired IGF-1 signalling in AD is also examined. Finally, we discuss potentials and possible limitations of recent and on-going therapeutic approaches based on our increased understanding of the roles of brain signalling by insulin, IGF-1 and glucagon-like peptide 1 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Herrero-Labrador R, Trueba-Saiz A, Martinez-Rachadell L, Fernandez de Sevilla ME, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Diaz-Pacheco S, Fernandez AM, Torres Aleman I. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I is Involved in the Effect of High Fat Diet on Peripheral Amyloid β Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249675. [PMID: 33352990 PMCID: PMC7766006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but underlying mechanisms are not clear. We analyzed peripheral clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) in overweight mice because its systemic elimination may impact brain Aβ load, a major landmark of AD pathology. We also analyzed whether circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) intervenes in the effects of overweight as this growth factor modulates brain Aβ clearance and is increased in the serum of overweight mice. Overweight mice showed increased Aβ accumulation by the liver, the major site of elimination of systemic Aβ, but unaltered brain Aβ levels. We also found that Aβ accumulation by hepatocytes is stimulated by IGF-I, and that mice with low serum IGF-I levels show reduced liver Aβ accumulation—ameliorated by IGF-I administration, and unchanged brain Aβ levels. In the brain, IGF-I favored the association of its receptor (IGF-IR) with the Aβ precursor protein (APP), and at the same time, stimulated non-amyloidogenic processing of APP in astrocytes, as indicated by an increased sAPPα/sAPPβ ratio after IGF-I treatment. Since serum IGF-I enters into the brain in an activity-dependent manner, we analyzed in overweight mice the effect of brain activation by environmental enrichment (EE) on brain IGF-IR phosphorylation and its association to APP, as a readout of IGF-I activity. After EE, significantly reduced brain IGF-IR phosphorylation and APP/IGF-IR association were found in overweight mice as compared to lean controls. Collectively, these results indicate that a high-fat diet influences peripheral clearance of Aβ without affecting brain Aβ load. Increased serum IGF-I likely contributes to enhanced peripheral Aβ clearance in overweight mice, without affecting brain Aβ load probably because its brain entrance is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herrero-Labrador
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Trueba-Saiz
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martinez-Rachadell
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mᵃ Estrella Fernandez de Sevilla
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, 04001 Arequipa, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Diaz-Pacheco
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Ana M. Fernandez
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (R.H.-L.); (A.T.-S.); (L.M.-R.); (M.E.F.d.S.); (J.A.Z.-V.); (J.P.); (S.D.-P.); (A.M.F.)
- Ciberned, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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12
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Janowska J, Gargas J, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Zalewska T, Sypecka J. Oligodendrocyte Response to Pathophysiological Conditions Triggered by Episode of Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: Role of IGF-1 Secretion by Glial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4250-4268. [PMID: 32691304 PMCID: PMC7467917 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors towards myelinating cells is influenced by a plethora of exogenous instructive signals. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is one of the major factors regulating cell survival, proliferation, and maturation. Recently, there is an ever growing recognition concerning the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-1 signaling in brain development and metabolism. Since oligodendrocyte functioning is altered after the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult, a question arises if the injury exerts any influence on the IGF-1 secreted by neural cells and how possibly the change in IGF-1 concentration affects oligodendrocyte growth. To quantify the secretory activity of neonatal glial cells, the step-wise approach by sequentially using the in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models of perinatal asphyxia was applied. A comparison of the results of in vivo and ex vivo studies allowed evaluating the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-1 signaling. Accordingly, astroglia were indicated to be the main local source of IGF-1 in the developing brain, and the factor secretion was shown to be significantly upregulated during the first 24 h after the hypoxic-ischemic insult. And conversely, the IGF-1 amounts released by oligodendrocytes and microglia significantly decreased. A morphometric examination of oligodendrocyte differentiation by means of the Sholl analysis showed that the treatment with low IGF-1 doses markedly improved the branching of oligodendroglial cell processes and, in this way, promoted their differentiation. The changes in the IGF-1 amounts in the nervous tissue after HI might contribute to the resulting white matter disorders, observed in newborn children who experienced perinatal asphyxia. Pharmacological modulation of IGF-1 secretion by neural cells could be reasonable solution in studies aimed at searching for therapies alleviating the consequences of perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Gargas
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Ziemka-Nalecz
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Zalewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Netzahualcoyotzi C, Pellerin L. Neuronal and astroglial monocarboxylate transporters play key but distinct roles in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory formation. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 194:101888. [PMID: 32693190 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Brain lactate formation, intercellular exchange and utilization has been implicated in memory formation. However, the individual role of either neuronal or astroglial monocarboxylate transporters for the acquisition and consolidation of information remains incomplete. Using novel transgenic mice and a viral vector approach to decrease the expression of each transporter in a cell-specific manner within the dorsal hippocampus, we show that both neuronal MCT2 and astroglial MCT4 are required for spatial information acquisition and retention (at 24 h post-training) in distinct hippocampus-dependent tasks. Intracerebral infusion of lactate rescued spatial learning in mice with reduced levels of astroglial MCT4 but not of neuronal MCT2, suggesting that lactate transfer from astrocytes and utilization in neurons contribute to hippocampal-dependent learning. In contrast, only neuronal MCT2 was shown to be required for long-term (7 days post training) memory formation. Interestingly, reduced MCT2 expression levels in mature neurons result in a heterologous effect as it blunts hippocampal neurogenesis associated with memory consolidation. These results suggest important but distinct contributions of both neuronal MCT2 and astroglial MCT4 in learning and memory processes, going beyond a simple passive role as alternative energy substrate suppliers or in waste product disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 7 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536, CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France.
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14
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Zhao F, Siu JJ, Huang W, Askwith C, Cao L. Insulin Modulates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2019; 411:237-254. [PMID: 31146008 PMCID: PMC6612444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The administration of exogenous insulin into the hippocampus has the potential to enhance cognitive function and exert other beneficial effects. Elucidating the neurobiological substrates of insulin action and its underlying physiological mechanisms may further improve treatment efficacy. Previous work has shown that insulin affects synaptic plasticity, however there are discrepancies and contradictory conclusions between studies. Here, we used extracellular field recordings in mouse hippocampal slices to investigate how insulin acutely modulates synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, both of which are correlated with learning and memory processes. Our data demonstrate that insulin application inhibited basal excitatory synaptic transmission and promoted long-term potentiation (LTP) induction at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. Under similar conditions, insulin strongly activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, but had only a weak effect on the MAPK/ERK pathway. Although insulin-induced inhibition of field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) was previously termed insulin-long-term depression (insulin-LTD), insulin application potentiated recovery from classically induced LTD. Further analysis suggests suppression of presynaptic neurotransmitter release contributed to the insulin-LTD. At low concentrations, insulin primarily inhibited fEPSPs; however, at high concentration, its effects were of mixed inhibition and enhancement in different recordings. Moreover, a broad spectrum protein kinase C blocker, cannabinoid receptor type 1 activator, or a high glucose concentration inhibited fEPSPs per se, and disturbed insulin's effect on fEPSP. Insulin also caused depotentiation during LTP expression and triggered depression during LTD recovery. Given the essential roles of dynamic synaptic transmission and plasticity in learning and memory, our data provide more evidence that insulin application may actively modulate hippocampal-dependent cognitive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Zhao
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Jason J Siu
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Lei Cao
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University.
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15
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Moderate Protein Restriction Protects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice by Mechanisms Involving Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Responses. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8477-8488. [PMID: 31257559 PMCID: PMC6835038 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Food composition influences stroke risk, but its effects on ischemic injury and neurological deficits are poorly examined. While severe reduction of protein content was found to aggravate neurological impairment and brain injury as a consequence of combined energy-protein malnutrition, moderate protein restriction not resulting in energy deprivation was recently suggested to protect against perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Male C57BL6/j mice were exposed to moderate protein restriction by providing a normocaloric diet containing 8% protein (control: 20% protein) for 7, 14, or 30 days. Intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion was then induced. Mice were sacrificed 24 h later. Irrespective of the duration of food modification (that is, 7–30 days), protein restriction reduced neurological impairment of ischemic mice revealed by a global and focal deficit score. Prolonged protein restriction over 30 days also reduced infarct volume, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability and increased the survival of NeuN+ neurons in the core of the stroke (i.e., striatum). Neuroprotection by prolonged protein restriction went along with reduced brain infiltration of CD45+ leukocytes and reduced expression of inducible NO synthase and interleukin-1β. As potential mechanisms, increased levels of the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 and anti-oxidant glutathione peroxidase-3 were noted in ischemic brain tissue. Irrespective of the protein restriction duration, a shift from pro-oxidant oxidative stress markers (NADPH oxidase-4) to anti-oxidant markers (superoxide dismutase-1/2, glutathione peroxidase-3 and catalase) was found in the liver. Moderate protein restriction protects against ischemia in the adult brain. Accordingly, dietary modifications may be efficacious strategies promoting stroke outcome.
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Stress exposure alters brain mRNA expression of the genes involved in insulin signalling, an effect modified by a high fat/high fructose diet and cinnamon supplement. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197094. [PMID: 29813096 PMCID: PMC5973592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In occidental societies, high fat and high sugar diets often coincide with episodes of stress. The association is likely to modify brain energy control. Brain insulin signalling is rarely studied in stressed individuals consuming high fat diets. Furthermore the effects of cinnamon supplement are not known in these conditions. Therefore, we exposed rats, over a 12-week period, to a control (C) or a high fat/high fructose (HF/HFr) diet that induces peripheral insulin resistance. A cinnamon supplement (C+CN and HF/HFr +CN) was added or not. After diet exposure, one group of rats was exposed to a 30-min restraint followed by a 10-min open-field test, their combination featuring a moderate stressor, the other rats staying unstressed in their home cages. The insulin signalling in hippocampus and frontal cortex was studied through the mRNA expression of the following genes: insulin receptor (Ir), insulin receptor substrate (Irs1), glucose transporters (Glut1 and Glut3), glycogen synthase (Gys1) and their modulators, Akt1 and Pten. In C rats, stress enhanced the expression of Ir, Irs1, Glut1, Gys1 and Akt1 mRNA. In C+CN rats, stress induced an increase in Pten but a decrease in Gys1 mRNA expression. In HF/HFr rats, stress was associated with an increase in Pten mRNA expression. In HF/HFr+CN rats, stress increased Pten mRNA expression but also decreased Gys1 mRNA expression. This suggests that a single moderate stress favours energy refilling mechanisms, an effect blunted by a previous HF/HFr diet and cinnamon supplement.
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17
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Logan S, Pharaoh GA, Marlin MC, Masser DR, Matsuzaki S, Wronowski B, Yeganeh A, Parks EE, Premkumar P, Farley JA, Owen DB, Humphries KM, Kinter M, Freeman WM, Szweda LI, Van Remmen H, Sonntag WE. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling regulates working memory, mitochondrial metabolism, and amyloid-β uptake in astrocytes. Mol Metab 2018; 9:141-155. [PMID: 29398615 PMCID: PMC5870102 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A decline in mitochondrial function and biogenesis as well as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important determinants of aging. With advancing age, there is a concomitant reduction in circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) that is closely associated with neuronal aging and neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of the decline in IGF-1 signaling with age on astrocyte mitochondrial metabolism and astrocyte function and its association with learning and memory. Methods Learning and memory was assessed using the radial arm water maze in young and old mice as well as tamoxifen-inducible astrocyte-specific knockout of IGFR (GFAP-CreTAM/igfrf/f). The impact of IGF-1 signaling on mitochondrial function was evaluated using primary astrocyte cultures from igfrf/f mice using AAV-Cre mediated knockdown using Oroboros respirometry and Seahorse assays. Results Our results indicate that a reduction in IGF-1 receptor (IGFR) expression with age is associated with decline in hippocampal-dependent learning and increased gliosis. Astrocyte-specific knockout of IGFR also induced impairments in working memory. Using primary astrocyte cultures, we show that reducing IGF-1 signaling via a 30–50% reduction IGFR expression, comparable to the physiological changes in IGF-1 that occur with age, significantly impaired ATP synthesis. IGFR deficient astrocytes also displayed altered mitochondrial structure and function and increased mitochondrial ROS production associated with the induction of an antioxidant response. However, IGFR deficient astrocytes were more sensitive to H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, IGFR deficient astrocytes also showed significantly impaired glucose and Aβ uptake, both critical functions of astrocytes in the brain. Conclusions Regulation of astrocytic mitochondrial function and redox status by IGF-1 is essential to maintain astrocytic function and coordinate hippocampal-dependent spatial learning. Age-related astrocytic dysfunction caused by diminished IGF-1 signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other age-associated cognitive pathologies. Altered mitochondrial structure and function with IGFR deficiency in astrocytes is proposed. Increased reactive oxygen species production and susceptibility to peroxide induced cytotoxicity. Decreased Aβ uptake and impairment in spatial working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreemathi Logan
- Reynold's Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA.
| | - Gavin A Pharaoh
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, USA
| | - M Caleb Marlin
- Graduate College, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Dustin R Masser
- Reynold's Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Satoshi Matsuzaki
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Benjamin Wronowski
- Reynold's Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Alexander Yeganeh
- Reynold's Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Eileen E Parks
- Reynold's Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Pavithra Premkumar
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, USA
| | - Julie A Farley
- Reynold's Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Daniel B Owen
- Reynold's Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Kenneth M Humphries
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Reynold's Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Luke I Szweda
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynold's Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, USA
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