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Yamamoto K, Kosukegawa S, Kobayashi M. P2X receptor- and postsynaptic NMDA receptor-mediated long-lasting facilitation of inhibitory synapses in the rat insular cortex. Neuropharmacology 2024; 245:109817. [PMID: 38104767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) changes the efficacy of synaptic transmission. Despite recent progress in terms of the roles of purinergic receptors in cerebrocortical excitatory synaptic transmission, their contribution to inhibitory synaptic transmission is unknown. To elucidate the effects of α,β-methylene ATP (αβ-mATP), a selective agonist of P2X receptors (P2XRs), on inhibitory synaptic transmission in the insular cortex (IC), we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recording from IC pyramidal neurons (PNs) and fast-spiking neurons (FSNs) in either sex of VGAT-Venus transgenic rats. αβ-mATP increased the amplitude of miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) under conditions in which NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are recruitable. αβ-mATP-induced facilitation of mIPSCs was sustained even after the washout of αβ-mATP, which was blocked by preincubation with fluorocitrate. The preapplication of NF023 (a P2X1 receptor antagonist) or AF-353 (a P2X3 receptor antagonist) blocked αβ-mATP-induced mIPSC facilitation. Intracellular application of the NMDAR antagonist MK801 blocked the facilitation. d-serine, which is an intrinsic agonist of NMDARs, mimicked αβ-mATP-induced mIPSC facilitation. The intracellular application of BAPTA a Ca2+ chelator, or the bath application of KN-62, a CaMKII inhibitor, blocked αβ-mATP-induced mIPSC facilitation, thus indicating that mIPSC facilitation by αβ-mATP required postsynaptic [Ca2+]i elevation through NMDAR activation. Paired whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from FSNs and PNs demonstrated that αβ-mATP increased the amplitude of unitary IPSCs without changing the paired-pulse ratio. These results suggest that αβ-mATP-induced IPSC facilitation is mediated by postsynaptic NMDAR activations through d-serine released from astrocytes. Subsequent [Ca2+]i increase and postsynaptic CaMKII activation may release retrograde messengers that upregulate GABA release from presynaptic inhibitory neurons, including FSNs. (250/250 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kosukegawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
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Chen PY, Chiu CC, Chang CK, Lu ML, Huang CY, Chen CH, Huang MC. Higher orexin-A levels are associated with treatment response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study. J Psychopharmacol 2024; 38:258-267. [PMID: 38279671 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231225610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clozapine is the primary antipsychotic (APD) for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). However, only 40% of patients with TRS respond to clozapine, constituting a subgroup of clozapine-resistant patients. Recently, the neuropeptide orexin-A was shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study evaluated the association of orexin-A levels with the clozapine response in patients with TRS. METHODS We recruited 199 patients with schizophrenia, including 37 APD-free and 162 clozapine-treated patients. Clozapine-treated patients were divided into clozapine-responsive (n = 100) and clozapine-resistant (n = 62) groups based on whether they had achieved psychotic remission defined by the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-18). We compared blood orexin-A levels among the three groups and performed regression analysis to determine the association of orexin-A level with treatment response in clozapine-treated patients. We also explored the correlation between orexin-A levels and cognitive function, assessed using the CogState Schizophrenia Battery. RESULTS Clozapine-responsive patients had higher orexin-A levels than clozapine-resistant and APD-free patients. Orexin-A level was the only factor significantly associated with treatment response after adjustment. Orexin-A levels were negatively correlated with BPRS-18 full scale and positive, negative, and general symptoms subscale scores. We also observed a positive correlation between orexin-A levels and verbal memory, visual learning and memory, and working memory function. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study showed that higher levels of orexin-A are associated with treatment response to clozapine in patients with TRS. Future prospective studies examining changes in orexin-A level following clozapine treatment and the potential benefit of augmenting orexin-A signaling are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kuo Chang
- Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Yin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Barretto-de-Souza L, Joseph SA, Lynch FM, Ng AJ, Crestani CC, Christianson JP. Melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin shape social affective behavior via action in the insular cortex of rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00213-023-06408-5. [PMID: 37369782 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In a social context, individuals are able to detect external information from others and coordinate behavioral responses according to the situation, a phenomenon called social decision-making. Social decision-making is multifaceted, influenced by emotional and motivational factors like stress, sickness, and hunger. However, the neurobiological basis for motivational state competition and interaction is not well known. OBJECTIVE We investigated possible neural mechanisms through which internal states could shape social behavior in a social affective preference (SAP) test. In the SAP test, experimental rats given a choice to interact with naïve or stressed conspecifics exhibit an age-dependent preference to interact with stressed juvenile conspecifics, but avoid stressed adult conspecifics. First, we assessed the effect of food and water deprivation on SAP behavior. Behavior in the SAP test requires the insular cortex, which receives input from the ingestion-related peptides melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). This study aimed to evaluate the role of LH and insular MCH and orexin in SAP test. METHODS SAP tests were conducted in rats that were sated, food and water deprived or allowed 1 h of access to food and water after 14 h of deprivation (relieved condition). Separate cohorts of sated rats received cannula implants for microinjection of drugs to inhibit the LH or to block or stimulate MCH or orexin receptors in the insula prior to SAP tests or social interaction tests. RESULTS Food and water deprivation prior to SAP tests with juvenile rats caused a shift in preference away from the stressed rat toward the naïve juveniles. Pharmacological inhibition of LH with muscimol (100 ng/side) abolished the preference for the juvenile-stressed conspecific, as well as the preference for the adult naïve conspecific. The blockade of MCH receptor 1or orexin receptors in the insular cortex with SNAP94847 (50 μM) or TCS1102 (1 μM), respectively, also abolished the preference for the stressed juvenile conspecific, but only the antagonism of orexin receptors was able to abolish the preference for the adult naïve conspecific. Microinjection of increasing doses (50 or 500 nM) of MCH or orexin-A in the insular cortex increased the interaction time in the one-on-one social interaction test with juvenile conspecifics; however, only the microinjection of orexin-A increased the interaction time with adult naïve conspecifics. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that lateral hypothalamus peptides shape the direction of social approach or avoidance via actions MCH and orexin neurotransmission in the insular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Shemar A Joseph
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Francesca M Lynch
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Alexandra J Ng
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - John P Christianson
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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Nakaya Y, Yamamoto K, Kobayashi M. Descending projections from the insular cortex to the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis facilitate excitatory outputs to the parabrachial nucleus in rats. Pain 2023; 164:e157-e173. [PMID: 35969237 PMCID: PMC9916064 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nociceptive information from the orofacial area projects to the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Sp5C) and is then conveyed to several nuclei, including the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). The insular cortex (IC) receives orofacial nociceptive information and sends corticofugal projections to the Sp5C. The Sp5C consists of glutamatergic and GABAergic/glycinergic interneurons that induce excitatory postsynaptic currents and inhibitory postsynaptic currents, respectively, in projection neurons. Therefore, quantification of glutamatergic IC inputs in combination with identifying postsynaptic neuronal subtypes is critical to elucidate IC roles in the regulation of Sp5C activities. We investigated features of synaptic transmission from the IC to glutamatergic and GABAergic/glycinergic Sp5C neurons of laminae I/II using vesicular GABA transporter-Venus transgenic rats that received an injection of adeno-associated virus-channelrhodopsin-2-mCherry into the IC. Selective stimulation of IC axon terminals in Sp5C slice preparations induced monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents in both excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic/glycinergic Sp5C neurons with a comparable amplitude. Paired whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents from inhibitory neurons influencing excitatory neurons, including neurons projecting to the PBN, exhibited a high failure rate and were suppressed by both bicuculline and strychnine, suggesting that excitatory neurons in the Sp5C receive both GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition with low impact. Moreover, selective stimulation of IC axons increased the firing rate at the threshold responses. Finally, we demonstrated that selective stimulation of IC axons in the Sp5C by a chemogenetic approach decreased the thresholds of both mechanical and thermal nociception. Thus, IC projection to the Sp5C is likely to facilitate rather than suppress excitatory outputs from the Sp5C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Dynamics Imaging Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
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DeCarlo AA, Hammes N, Johnson PL, Shekhar A, Samuels BC. Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist Attenuates Increases in IOP, ICP, and Translaminar Pressure Difference After Stimulation of the Hypothalamus in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:1. [PMID: 35234838 PMCID: PMC8899853 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma progression. Our previous discovery that stimulation of nuclei within the hypothalamus can modulate IOP, intracranial pressure (ICP), and translaminar pressure difference (TLPD) fluctuations led us to investigate this pathway further. Our purpose was to determine the role of orexin neurons, primarily located in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and perifornical (PeF) regions of the hypothalamus, in modulating these pressures. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated systemically with a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA-12) at 30 mg/Kg (n = 8), 10 mg/Kg (n = 8), or vehicle control (n = 8). The IOP, ICP, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded prior to and following excitation of the DMH/PeF using microinjection of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI). RESULTS Administration of the DORA at 30 mg/Kg significantly attenuated peak IOP by 5.2 ± 3.6 mm Hg (P = 0.007). During the peak response period (8-40 minutes), the area under the curve (AUC) for the 30 mg/Kg DORA cohort was significantly lower than the control cohort during the same period (P = 0.04). IOP responses for peak AUC versus DORA dose, from 0 to 30 mg/Kg, were linear (R2 = 0.18, P = 0.04). The ICP responses during the peak response period (4-16 minutes) versus DORA dose were also linear (R2 = 0.24, P = 0.014). Pretreatment with DORA significantly decreased AUC for the TLPD following stimulation of the DMH/PeF (10 mg/kg, P = 0.045 and 30 mg/kg, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS DORAs have the potential to attenuate asynchronous changes in IOP and in ICP and to lessen the extent of TLPDs that may result from central nervous system (CNS) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. DeCarlo
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Nathan Hammes
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States,Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States
| | - Philip L. Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brian C. Samuels
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Differential regulation of medium spiny and cholinergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens core by the insular and medial prefrontal cortices in the rat. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1911-1924. [PMID: 34724104 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) receives cortical projections principally from the insular cortex (IC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Among NAc neurons, cholinergic interneurons (ChNs) regulate the activities of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which make up ~ 95% of NAc neurons, by modulating their firing and synaptic properties. However, little is known about the synaptic mechanisms, including their cell-type-dependent corticoaccumbal projection properties and cholinergic effects on the NAc core. Here, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from NAc MSNs and ChNs in acute brain slice preparations obtained from rats that received an AAV5-hSyn-ChR2(H134R)-mCherry injection into the IC or mPFC. Light stimulation of IC or mPFC axons induced comparable phase-locked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in MSNs. On the other hand, ChNs showed consistent EPSCs evoked by light stimulation of mPFC axons, whereas light stimulation of IC axons evoked much smaller EPSCs, which often showed failure in ChNs. Light-evoked EPSCs were abolished by tetrodotoxin and were recovered by 4-aminopyridine, suggesting that corticoaccumbal projections monosynaptically induce EPSCs in MSNs and ChNs. Carbachol effectively suppressed the amplitude of EPSCs in MSNs and ChNs evoked by light stimulation of IC or mPFC axons and in ChNs evoked by stimulating mPFC axons. The carbachol-induced suppression was recovered by atropine or pirenzepine, while preapplication of gallamine, J104129, PD102807, or AF-DX384 did not block the carbachol-induced EPSC suppression. These results suggest that NAc MSNs and ChNs are differentially regulated by excitatory projections from the IC and mPFC and that these corticoaccumbal excitatory inputs are modulated by M1 receptor activation.
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Exploring the Role of Orexinergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2141-2153. [PMID: 34495449 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting about 2% of the population. A neuropeptide, orexin, is linked with sleep abnormalities in the parkinsonian patient. This study aimed to review the changes in the orexinergic system in parkinsonian subjects and the effects of orexin. A number of search techniques were used and presumed during the search, including cloud databank searches of PubMed and Medline using title words, keywords, and MeSH terms. PD is characterised by motor dysfunctions (postural instability, rigidity, tremor) and cognitive disorders, sleep-wake abnormalities grouped under non-motor disorders. The Orexinergic system found in the hypothalamus is linked with autonomic function, neuroprotection, learning and memory, and the sleep-wake cycle. Prepro-orexin, a precursor peptide (130 amino acids), gives rise to orexins (Orx-A and Orx-B). Serum orexin level measurement is vital for evaluating several neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and PD). Orexinergic neurons are activated by hypoglycemia and ghrelin, while they are restrained by food consumption and leptin. Orexinergic system dysfunctioning was found to be linked with non-motor symptoms (sleep abnormalities) in PD. Orexinergic neuron's behaviour may be either inhibitory or excitatory depending on the environment in which they are present. As well, orexin antagonists are found to improve the abnormal sleep pattern. Since the orexinergic system plays a role in several psychological and neurological disorders, therefore, these disorders can be managed by targeting this system.
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Yang X, Zhu S, Jin N, Li Y, Zhen C, Zhang H, Xu A, Wang M, Zheng C. [Orexin-A inhibits γ-aminobutyric acid current of neonatal rat spinal cord ventral horn neurons by activating OX 1R, OX 2R and Ca 2+-independent PKC]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:694-701. [PMID: 34134956 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of orexin-A on the functionality of ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in spinal cord ventral horn neurons and its mechanisms. OBJECTIVE The spinal cord containing the lumbosacral enlargement was isolated from neonatal SD rats (7-12 days old) and sliced. The slices were digested with papain (in 0.18 g/30 mL artificial cerebrospinal fluid) for 40-60 min, and the ventral horn neurons were separated acutely using fire-polished Pasteur pipettes. After the cells adhered to the bottom of Petri dishes, patch-clamp experiments combined with pharmacological methods were performed to test the effects of orexin-A on GABA currents of the neurons treated with SB334867 (a selective OX1R antagonist), TCSOX229 (a selective OX2R antagonist), Bis-Ⅳ (a PKC inhibitor), PMA (a PKC agonist), Rp-cAMP (a PKA inhibitor), or BAPTA (Ca2+ chelator). OBJECTIVE The isolated neurons maintained good morphologies with diverse shapes of cell body and long protrusions. Treatment with orexin-A significantly inhibited the amplitude of GABA-induced current (P < 0.001, n=49) with an inhibition rate of (67.48±12.50)%. SB334867 and TCSOX229, when applied simultaneously, completely abolished the suppressive effect of orexin-A on the GABA currents (P=0.93, n=6), and their separate use partially relieved the suppressive effect of orexin-A (P=0.001, n=8; P=0.02, n=8). The application of Bis-Ⅳ also abolished the suppressive effect of orexin-A on GABA currents (P=0.31, n=5). PMA mimicked the effect of orexin-A in these neurons and significantly inhibited GABA currents with an inhibition rate of (60.79±10.94)%, and the application of orexin-A did not cause further suppression of GABA currents in PMA-treated neurons (P=0.15, n=6). Orexin-A was still capable of suppressing GABA currents in Rp-cAMP-treated neurons (P=0.001, n=5). The extracellular Ca2+-free solution (P=0.004, n=8) or the presence of BAPTA (P=0.04, n=7) did not significantly affect the inhibitory effect of orexin-A on GABA currents. OBJECTIVE Orexin-A inhibits GABA currents in the ventral horn neurons of rat spinal cord probably by activating OX1R, OX2R and Ca2+-independent PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - S Zhu
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - N Jin
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Y Li
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - C Zhen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China.,Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - H Zhang
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - A Xu
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - M Wang
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - C Zheng
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiological Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Presynaptic NK1 Receptor Activation by Substance P Suppresses EPSCs via Nitric Oxide Synthesis in the Rat Insular Cortex. Neuroscience 2021; 455:151-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Zheng Y, Wu S, Yang Q, Xu Z, Zhang S, Fan S, Liu C, Li X, Ma C. Trigeminal nerve electrical stimulation: An effective arousal treatment for loss of consciousness. Brain Res Bull 2021; 169:81-93. [PMID: 33453332 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if trigeminal nerve electrical stimulation (TNS) would be an effective arousal treatment for loss of consciousness (LOC), we applied neuroscientific methods to investigate the role of potential brain circuit and neuropeptide pathway in regulating level of consciousness. METHODS Consciousness behavioral analysis, Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording, Chemogenetics, Microarray analysis, Milliplex MAP rat peptide assay, Chromatin immune-precipitation (ChIP), Dual-luciferase reporter experiment, Western blot, PCR and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS TNS can markedly activate the neuronal activities of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5), as well as improve rat consciousness level and EEG activities. Then we proved that LH activation and upregulated neuropeptide hypocretin are beneficial for promotion of consciousness recovery. We then applied gene microarray experiment and found hypocretin might be mediated by a well-known transcription factor Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1), and the results were confirmed by ChIP and Dual-luciferase reporter experiment. CONCLUSION This study illustrates that TNS is an effective arousal strategy Treatment for LOC state via the activation of Sp5 and LH neurons and upregulation of hypocretin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochao Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Shaoling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Subo Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Shengnuo Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China.
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Sadat-Shirazi MS, Soltani H, Nikpour N, Haghshenas M, Khalifeh S, Mokri A, Zarrindast MR. Alteration of orexin-A and PKCα in the postmortem brain of pure-opioid and multi-drug abusers. Neuropeptides 2020; 83:102074. [PMID: 32741526 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Finding changes induced by the drug of abuse is one of the most important approaches to design new drugs for the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). Postmortem study is the most reliable method for detecting alteration in the brain of SUD patients. Recently, the role of orexinergic system in SUD is in consideration. In the current study, we evaluated the level of orexin-A in the CSF and protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in the brain of pure-opioid (POA) and multi-drug abusers (MDA). A total of 56 POA, 45 MDA, and 13 matched control brains were collected from the legal medicine center, Tehran, Iran. The CSF was gathered from the third ventricle immediately after opening the skull and kept at -80 °C. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and amygdala were dissected from fresh brain, frozen with liquid nitrogen and kept at -80 °C. The level of orexin-A evaluated in the CSF. Using western blotting, the level of PKCα assessed in the brain. Obtained data revealed that the level of orexin-A increased in POA and MDA compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the level of PKCα increased in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of the abusers compared with the control group, although we did not detect changes in the level of PKCα in the NAc. Along with animal studies, the current results showed that the level of orexin increased in the CSF of drug abusers, which might be related to increases in the activation of lateral hypothalamic orexinergic neurons faced with the drug of abuse. Enhancement in the level of PKCα in the drug reward circuits might be adaptational changes induced by orexin and drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haniyeh Soltani
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Nikpour
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghshenas
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azarakhsh Mokri
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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