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Gutierrez-Castañeda NE, Martínez-Rojas VA, Ochoa-de la Paz LD, Galván EJ. The bidirectional role of GABAA and GABAB receptors during the differentiation process of neural precursor cells of the subventricular zone. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305853. [PMID: 38913632 PMCID: PMC11195948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate process of neuronal differentiation integrates multiple signals to induce transcriptional, morphological, and electrophysiological changes that reshape the properties of neural precursor cells during their maturation and migration process. An increasing number of neurotransmitters and biomolecules have been identified as molecular signals that trigger and guide this process. In this sense, taurine, a sulfur-containing, non-essential amino acid widely expressed in the mammal brain, modulates the neuronal differentiation process. In this study, we describe the effect of taurine acting via the ionotropic GABAA receptor and the metabotropic GABAB receptor on the neuronal differentiation and electrophysiological properties of precursor cells derived from the subventricular zone of the mouse brain. Taurine stimulates the number of neurites and favors the dendritic complexity of the neural precursor cells, accompanied by changes in the somatic input resistance and the strength of inward and outward membranal currents. At the pharmacological level, the blockade of GABAA receptors inhibits these effects, whereas the stimulation of GABAB receptors has no positive effects on the taurine-mediated differentiation process. Strikingly, the blockade of the GABAB receptor with CGP533737 stimulates neurite outgrowth, dendritic complexity, and membranal current kinetics of neural precursor cells. The effects of taurine on the differentiation process involve Ca2+ mobilization and the activation of intracellular signaling cascades since chelation of intracellular calcium with BAPTA-AM, and inhibition of the CaMKII, ERK1/2, and Src kinase inhibits the neurite outgrowth of neural precursor cells of the subventricular zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Estefanía Gutierrez-Castañeda
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vladimir Allex Martínez-Rojas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lenin David Ochoa-de la Paz
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular de la Glía, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-APEC, México City, México
| | - Emilio J. Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Ciudad de México, México
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Griego E, Galván EJ. BDNF and Lactate as Modulators of Hippocampal CA3 Network Physiology. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4007-4022. [PMID: 37874456 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the notion that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and lactate are potent modulators of mammalian brain function. The modulatory actions of those biomolecules influence a wide range of neuronal responses, from the shaping of neuronal excitability to the induction and expression of structural and synaptic plasticity. The biological actions of BDNF and lactate are mediated by their cognate receptors and specific transporters located in the neuronal membrane. Canonical functions of BDNF occur via the tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB), whereas lactate acts via monocarboxylate transporters or the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1). Both receptors are highly expressed in the central nervous system, and some of their physiological actions are particularly well characterized in the hippocampus, a brain structure involved in the neurophysiology of learning and memory. The multifarious neuronal circuitry between the axons of the dentate gyrus granule cells, mossy fibers (MF), and pyramidal neurons of area CA3 is of great interest given its role in specific mnemonic processes and involvement in a growing number of brain disorders. Whereas the modulation exerted by BDNF via TrkB has been extensively studied, the influence of lactate via HCAR1 on the properties of the MF-CA3 circuit is an emerging field. In this review, we discuss the role of both systems in the modulation of brain physiology, with emphasis on the hippocampal CA3 network. We complement this review with original data that suggest cross-modulation is exerted by these two independent neuromodulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Griego
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sur, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, C.P. 14330, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Emilio J Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre el Envejecimiento, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mrad Y, El Jammal R, Hajjar H, Alturk S, Salah H, Chehade HD, Dandash F, Mallah Z, Kobeissy F, Habib A, Hamade E, Obeid M. Lestaurtinib (CEP-701) reduces the duration of limbic status epilepticus in periadolescent rats. Epilepsy Res 2023; 195:107198. [PMID: 37467703 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timely abortion of status epilepticus (SE) is essential to avoid brain damage and long-term neurodevelopmental sequalae. However, available anti-seizure treatments fail to abort SE in 30% of children. Given the role of the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor in hyperexcitability, we investigated if TrkB blockade with lestaurtinib (CEP-701) enhances the response of SE to a standard treatment protocol and reduces SE-related brain injury. METHODS SE was induced with intra-amygdalar kainic acid in postnatal day 45 rats under continuous electroencephalogram (EEG). Fifteen min post-SE onset, rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) CEP-701 (KCEP group) or its vehicle (KV group). Controls received CEP-701 or its vehicle following intra-amygdalar saline. All groups received two i.p. doses of diazepam, followed by i.p. levetiracetam at 15 min intervals post-SE onset. Hippocampal TrkB dimer to monomer ratios were assessed by immunoblot 24 hr post-SE, along with neuronal densities and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) levels. RESULTS SE duration was 50% shorter in the KCEP group compared to KV (p < 0.05). Compared to controls, SE induced a 1.5-fold increase in TrkB dimerization in KV rats (p < 0.05), but not in KCEP rats which were comparable to controls (p > 0.05). The KCEP group had lower GFAP levels than KV (p < 0.05), and both were higher than controls (p < 0.05). KCEP and KV rats had comparable hippocampal neuronal densities (p > 0.05), and both were lower than controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Given its established human safety, CEP-701 is a promising adjuvant drug for the timely abortion of SE and the attenuation of SE-related brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Mrad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reem El Jammal
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Helene Hajjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sana Alturk
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssein Salah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba-Douja Chehade
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Fatima Dandash
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa Mallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Makram Obeid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Fan FC, Du Y, Zheng WH, Loh YP, Cheng Y. Carboxypeptidase E conditional knockout mice exhibit learning and memory deficits and neurodegeneration. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:135. [PMID: 37100779 PMCID: PMC10133319 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is a multifunctional protein with many nonenzymatic functions in various systems. Previous studies using CPE knock-out mice have shown that CPE has neuroprotective effects against stress and is involved in learning and memory. However, the functions of CPE in neurons are still largely unknown. Here we used a Camk2a-Cre system to conditionally knockout CPE in neurons. The wild-type, CPEflox/-, and CPEflox/flox mice were weaned, ear-tagged, and tail clipped for genotyping at 3 weeks old, and they underwent open field, object recognition, Y-maze, and fear conditioning tests at 8 weeks old. The CPEflox/flox mice had normal body weight and glucose metabolism. The behavioral tests showed that CPEflox/flox mice had impaired learning and memory compared with wild-type and CPEflox/- mice. Surprisingly, the subiculum (Sub) region of CPEflox/flox mice was completely degenerated, unlike the CPE full knockout mice, which exhibit CA3 region neurodegeneration. In addition, doublecortin immunostaining suggested that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was significantly reduced in CPEflox/flox mice. Interestingly, TrkB phosphorylation in the hippocampus was downregulated in CPEflox/flox mice, but brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were not. In both the hippocampus and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, we observed reduced MAP2 and GFAP expression in CPEflox/flox mice. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that specific neuronal CPE knockout leads to central nervous system dysfunction in mice, including learning and memory deficits, hippocampal Sub degeneration and impaired neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Cheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Y Peng Loh
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
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Taurine Promotes Differentiation and Maturation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from the Subventricular Zone via Activation of GABA A Receptors. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2206-2219. [PMID: 36862323 PMCID: PMC10181976 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons in the brain, occurs throughout the lifespan in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles of the mammal brain. In this process, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its ionotropic receptor, the GABAA receptor (GABAAR), play a critical role in the proliferation, differentiation, and migration process of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPC). Taurine, a non-essential amino acid widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, increases the proliferation of SVZ progenitor cells by a mechanism that may involve GABAAR activation. Therefore, we characterized the effects of taurine on the differentiation process of NPC expressing GABAAR. Preincubation of NPC-SVZ with taurine increased microtubule-stabilizing proteins assessed with the doublecortin assay. Taurine, like GABA, stimulated a neuronal-like morphology of NPC-SVZ and increased the number and length of primary, secondary, and tertiary neurites compared with control NPC of the SVZ. Furthermore, neurite outgrowth was prevented when simultaneously incubating cells with taurine or GABA and the GABAAR blocker, picrotoxin. Patch-clamp recordings revealed a series of modifications in the NPCs' passive and active electrophysiological properties exposed to taurine, including regenerative spikes with kinetic properties similar to the action potentials of functional neurons.
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Griego E, Segura-Villalobos D, Lamas M, Galván EJ. Maternal immune activation increases excitability via downregulation of A-type potassium channels and reduces dendritic complexity of hippocampal neurons of the offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:67-81. [PMID: 35803480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological association between bacterial or viral maternal infections during pregnancy and increased risk for developing psychiatric disorders in offspring is well documented. Numerous rodent and non-human primate studies of viral- or, to a lesser extent, bacterial-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) have documented a series of neurological alterations that may contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Long-term neuronal and behavioral alterations are now ascribed to the effect of maternal proinflammatory cytokines rather than the infection itself. However, detailed electrophysiological alterations in brain areas relevant to psychiatric disorders, such as the dorsal hippocampus, are lacking in response to bacterial-induced MIA. This study determined if electrophysiological and morphological alterations converge in CA1 pyramidal cells (CA1 PC) from the dorsal hippocampus in bacterial-induced MIA offspring. A series of changes in the functional expression of K+ and Na+ ion channels altered the passive and active membrane properties and triggered hyperexcitability of CA1 PC. Contributing to the hyperexcitability, the somatic A-type potassium current (IA) was decreased in MIA CA1 PC. Likewise, the spontaneous glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs were dysregulated and biased toward increased excitation, thereby reshaping the excitation-inhibition balance. Consistent with these findings, the dendritic branching complexity of MIA CA1 PC was reduced. Together, these morphophysiological alterations modify CA1 PC computational capabilities and contribute to explaining cellular alterations that may underlie the cognitive symptoms of MIA-associated psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Griego
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV Unidad Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Mónica Lamas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV Unidad Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Emilio J Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV Unidad Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Biophysical and synaptic properties of regular spiking interneurons in hippocampal area CA3 of aged rats. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 112:27-38. [PMID: 35041997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal processing from the dentate gyrus to the hippocampus is critical for storage and recovery of new memory traces. In area CA3, GABAergic interneurons form a strong barrage of inhibition that modulates pyramidal cells. A well-established feature of aging is decreased GABAergic inhibition, a phenomenon that contributes to the exacerbated excitability of aged pyramidal cells. In hippocampal slices of aged rats (22-28 months old) we examined the properties of regular spiking CA3 interneurons with patch-clamp whole-cell recordings. We found enhanced firing discharge without altering the maximal firing rate of aged regular spiking interneurons. In the mossy fibers (MF) to interneurons synapse, a switch in the AMPA receptor subunit composition was found in aged interneurons. Young regular spiking interneurons predominantly express CP AMPA receptors and MF LTD. By contrast, aged regular spiking interneurons contain a higher proportion of CI AMPA receptors and respond with MF LTP. We show for the first time that the specialized MF terminals contacting interneurons, retain synaptic capabilities and provide a novel insight of the interneuron's function during aging.
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Mechanistic Insight from Preclinical Models of Parkinson's Disease Could Help Redirect Clinical Trial Efforts in GDNF Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111702. [PMID: 34769132 PMCID: PMC8583859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by four pathognomonic hallmarks: (1) motor and non-motor deficits; (2) neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; (3) pathological aggregates of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein; (4) neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal system. Recent evidence sustains that the aggregation of pathological α-syn occurs in the early stages of the disease, becoming the first trigger of neuroinflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration. Thus, a therapeutic line aims at striking back α-synucleinopathy and neuroinflammation to impede neurodegeneration. Another therapeutic line is restoring the compromised dopaminergic system using neurotrophic factors, particularly the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Preclinical studies with GDNF have provided encouraging results but often lack evaluation of anti-α-syn and anti-inflammatory effects. In contrast, clinical trials have yielded imprecise results and have reported the emergence of severe side effects. Here, we analyze the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical outcomes, review the mechanisms of the aggregation of pathological α-syn, including neuroinflammation, and evaluate the neurorestorative properties of GDNF, emphasizing its anti-α-syn and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical and clinical trials.
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