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Terruzzi S, Albini F, Massetti G, Etzi R, Gallace A, Vallar G. The Neuropsychological Assessment of Unilateral Spatial Neglect Through Computerized and Virtual Reality Tools: A Scoping Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:363-401. [PMID: 36913099 PMCID: PMC10009867 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Unilateral Spatial Neglect is a disabling neuropsychological deficit. Patients with spatial neglect fail to detect and report events, and to perform actions in the side of space contralateral to a hemispheric cerebral lesion. Neglect is assessed by evaluating the patients' abilities in daily life activities and by psychometric tests. Computer-based, portable and Virtual Reality technologies may provide more and precise data, and be more sensitive and informative, compared to current paper-and-pencil procedures. Studies since 2010, in which such technologies have been used, are reviewed. Forty-two articles meeting inclusion criteria are categorized according to their technological approaches (computer-, graphics tablet or tablet-, virtual reality-based assessment, and other). The results are promising. However, a definite golden standard, technologically based procedure cannot be still established. Developing technologically based tests is a laborious process, which requires technical and user experience improvements as well as normative data, to increase the evidence of efficacy for clinical evaluation of at least some of the tests considered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Terruzzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan, 20126, Italy.
- Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Center (CeRiN), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Federica Albini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gemma Massetti
- Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Etzi
- Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Gallace
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan, 20126, Italy
- Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vallar
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milan, 20126, Italy.
- Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- Neuropsychological Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Gerosa M, Peviani V, Salvato G, Pasotti F, Crivelli D, Bottini G. The nature of the task stimuli affects graphic perseveration severity: Insights from a single case study. Cortex 2023; 167:273-282. [PMID: 37582326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graphic perseveration in target-cancellation tasks has been frequently described in patients with right brain damage and unilateral spatial neglect. Conversely, among patients with dementia, the spontaneous production of complex graphic perseverations, as well as their triggers and modulating factors, have been poorly understood. Here we describe the case of RM, a patient with Alzheimer's dementia, who produced a rich pattern of complex graphic perseverations at target-cancellation tasks, especially with abstract target stimuli, i.e., lines. METHOD We developed an ad-hoc behavioral paradigm to investigate patient RM's performance at two versions of a target-cancellation task: fork-cancellation and line-cancellation. In both versions, RM was asked to cross the blue targets, while crossing a red target was considered a false alarm, as a proxy of incorrect response inhibition capacity. Moreover, we classified the presence and intensity of two other graphic perseverative behaviors, i.e., additional marks and scribble perseveration. RESULTS Complex graphic perseverations and false alarms were more frequent in the line-compared to the fork-cancellation trials. Conversely, the semantic nature of the task did not differentially modulate the occurrence of additional marks and scribble perseverations. CONCLUSIONS We argue that the breakdown of RM's executive functioning at the semantic-representational level was a prerequisite for such complex graphic perseverations to occur. Furthermore, we provide hints on the potential modulatory effects of stimulus concreteness on the expression of such complex productive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gerosa
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Peviani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pasotti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Rehabilitation ASST Pavia, Voghera, Pavia, Italy
| | - Damiano Crivelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Rossetto A, Toraldo A, Laratta S, Tonin P, Poletto C, Bencini G, Semenza C. Linguistic structure modulates attention in reading: Evidence from negative concord in Italian. Cogn Neuropsychol 2023; 39:356-374. [PMID: 37045801 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2023.2199918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the reading performance of an Italian speaker with egocentric Neglect Dyslexia on sentences with Negative Concord structures, which contain a linguistic cue to the presence of a preceding negative marker and compare it to sentences with no such cue. As predicted, the frequency of reading the whole sentence, including the initial negative marker non, was higher in Negative Concord structures than in sentences which also started with non, but crucially, lacked the medially positioned linguistic cue to the presence of non. These data support the claim that the presence of linguistic cues to sentence structure modulates attention during reading in Neglect Dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Rossetto
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Language and Cognition, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- International Doctorate for Experimental Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB); Macquarie University (AU), University of Groningen (NL), University of Potsdam (DE), University of Newcastle (UK)
| | - Alessio Toraldo
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Cecilia Poletto
- Department of Language and Literature, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Bencini
- Department of Linguistics and Comparative Studies, Ca' Foscari University Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Semenza
- Padova Neuroscience Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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4
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Moore MJ, Milosevich E, Mattingley JB, Demeyere N. The neuroanatomy of visuospatial neglect: A systematic review and analysis of lesion-mapping methodology. Neuropsychologia 2023; 180:108470. [PMID: 36621594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While visuospatial neglect is commonly associated with damage to the right posterior parietal cortex, neglect is an anatomically heterogenous syndrome. This project presents a systematic review of 34 lesion-mapping studies reporting on the anatomical correlates of neglect. Specifically, the reported correlates of egocentric versus allocentric, acute versus chronic, personal versus extra-personal, and left versus right hemisphere neglect are summarised. The quality of each included lesion-mapping analysis was then evaluated to identify methodological factors which may help account for the reported variance in correlates of neglect. Overall, the existing literature strongly suggests that egocentric and allocentric neglect represent anatomically dissociable conditions and that the anatomy of these conditions may not be entirely homologous across hemispheres. Studies which have compared the anatomy of acute versus chronic neglect have found that these conditions are associated with distinct lesion loci, while studies comparing the correlates of peripersonal/extrapersonal neglect are split as to whether these neglect subtypes are anatomically dissociable. The included studies employed a wide range of lesion-mapping analysis techniques, each producing results of varying quality and generalisability. This review concludes that the reported underlying anatomical correlates of heterogeneous visuospatial neglect vary considerably. Future, high quality studies are needed to investigate patterns of disconnection associated with clearly defined forms of visuospatial neglect in large and representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Jane Moore
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
| | - Elise Milosevich
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Nele Demeyere
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Dissociations in neuropsychological single-case studies: Should one subtract raw or standardized (z) scores? Neuropsychologia 2022; 169:108193. [PMID: 35247434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work tackles the problem of whether the dissociation between two performances in a single-case study should be computed as the difference between the raw or between the standardized (e.g. z) scores. A wrong choice can lead to serious inflation of the probability of finding false dissociations and missing true dissociations. Two common misconceptions are that (i) standardized scores are a universally valid choice, or (ii) raw scores can be subtracted when the two performances concern the same "task/test", otherwise standardized scores are better. These and other rules are shown to fail in specific cases and a solution is proposed in terms of in-depth analysis of the meaning of each score. The scores that should be subtracted are those that better reflect "deficit severities" - the latent, unobservable degrees of damage to the cognitive systems that are being compared. Thus explicit theoretical modelling of the investigated cognitive function(s) - the "scenario" - is required. A flowchart is provided that guides such analysis, and shows how a given neuropsychological scenario leads to the selection of an appropriate statistical method for detecting dissociations, introducing the critical concept of "deficit equivalence criterion" - the definition of what exactly a non-dissociation should look like. One further, overlooked problem concerning standardized scores in general (as measures of effect size, of which neuropsychological dissociations are just one example) is that they cannot be meaningfully compared if they have different reliabilities. In conclusion, when studying dissociations, increases in false-positive and false-negative risks are likely to occur when no explicit neuropsychological theory is offered that justifies the definition of what are to be considered as equivalent deficit severities in both performances, and which would lead to appropriate selection of raw, standardized, or any other type of score. More generally, the choice of any measure in any research context needs explicit theoretical modelling, without which statistical risks cannot be controlled.
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6
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Spinazzola L, Pagliari C, Facchin A, Maravita A. A new clinical evaluation of asomatognosia in right brain damaged patients using visual and reaching tasks. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2020; 42:436-449. [PMID: 32380939 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1757040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term asomatognosia refers to a unilateral disturbance of body ownership following a cerebrovascular incident. Patients with asomatognosia consider the contralesional limbs as missing or having disappeared from awareness. This neuropsychological disorder modifies body ownership in terms of perceptual experience, visual identification and sense of belonging of contralesional body parts. In the literature, asomatognosia is usually tested by using verbal scales. METHOD In this study, we first developed a new test to assess asomatognosia that includes a visual identification task and a reaching task. We examined 16 healthy participants and 20 right brain damaged patients. The participants were asked to identify, reach and touch their left hand when positioned in peripersonal space, in presence of an extraneous hand (belonging to the examiner). We analyzed how the deficit is modulated by the reciprocal positions in space of the two limbs, the relationship with personal neglect and the anatomical correlate using a Voxel-based Lesion Symptom Mapping (VLSM) analysis with CT data. RESULTS The results show that the asomatognosia cannot be simply considered as one of the many manifestations of personal neglect but should be taken into account as a "productive" disorder characterized by the misidentification of the own hand with an extraneous hand. The VLSM analysis of patients with asomatognosia revealed the involvement of the inferior and middle frontal lobe. CONCLUSIONS The novel task that has been developed in the present study could be used as an objective tool to measure this specific disorder of body ownership or to uncover subclinical conditions of asomatognosia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spinazzola
- Humanitas Mater Domini Hospital , Castellanza, Italy.,Rehabilitation Department, Neuropsychological Service , Somma Lombardo, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliari
- IRCCS Maria Nascente, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS , Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Facchin
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca , Milan, Italy.,Institute of Research and Studies in Optics and Optometry , Vinci, Italy
| | - Angelo Maravita
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca , Milan, Italy.,Milan Centre for Neuroscience , Milano, Italy
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7
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Fabius J, Ten Brink AF, Van der Stigchel S, Nijboer TCW. The relationship between visuospatial neglect, spatial working memory and search behavior. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2020; 42:251-262. [PMID: 31900083 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1707779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Visuospatial neglect (VSN) is characterized by a lateralized attentional deficit in the visual domain. In addition, patients with VSN might have an impairment in the temporary storage of spatial information in working memory (spatial working memory; SWM) that, like VSN, could impair systematic searching behavior. Several studies have demonstrated either SWM impairments or impaired searching behavior in VSN patients. Here, we related SWM performance to search behavior in patients with and without VSN. We assessed SWM using a novel task in a group of 182 stroke patients (24 with VSN, 158 without) and 65 healthy controls. We related SWM performance to available stroke-related and cognitive data. Patients with VSN exhibited lower SWM performance than patients without VSN and healthy controls. Additional control analyses indicated that differences in SWM performance are specific to visuospatial processing, instead of e.g. verbal working memory or the general level of physical disability. Last, we related SWM performance to visual search performance on cancellation tasks, one where their cancellation markings remained visible and another one where their prior cancellations markings were invisible to the patient and therefore patients had to remember which targets they had canceled. SWM performance correlated with search organization. Together, these results from a large sample of stroke patients corroborate the findings of earlier studies, while excluding several alternative explanations: SWM impairment is a part of the neglect syndrome, and SWM impairments are related to search behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Fabius
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Antonia F Ten Brink
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Stefan Van der Stigchel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja C W Nijboer
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Paladini RE, Wyss P, Kaufmann BC, Urwyler P, Nef T, Cazzoli D, Nyffeler T, Müri RM. Re-fixation and perseveration patterns in neglect patients during free visual exploration. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1244-1253. [PMID: 30561071 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The literature suggests that neglect patients not only show impairments in directing attention toward the left, contralesional space, but also present with perseverative behavior. Moreover, previous studies described re-fixations during visual search tasks, and interpreted this finding as an impairment of spatial working memory. The aim of the present study was to study re-fixations and perseverations (i.e., recurrent re-fixations to same locations) during free visual exploration, a task with high ecological validity. We hypothesized that: (1) neglect patient would perform re-fixations more frequently than healthy controls within the right hemispace; and, (2) the re-fixation behavior of neglect patients would be characterized by perseverative fixations. To test these hypotheses, we assessed 22 neglect patients and 23 healthy controls, measuring their eye movements during free exploration of naturalistic pictures. The results showed that neglect patients tend to re-fixate locations within the ipsilesional hemispace when they freely explore naturalistic pictures. Importantly, the saliency of discrete locations within the pictures has a stronger influence on fixation behavior within the contralesional than within the ipsilesional hemispace in neglect patients. Finally, the results indicated that, for re-fixations, saliency plays a more important role within the contralesional than the ipsilesional hemispace. Moreover, we found evidence that re-fixation behavior of neglect patients is characterized by frequent recurrent re-fixations back to the same spatial locations which may be interpreted as perseverations. Hence, with the present study, we could better elucidate the mechanism leading to re-fixations and perseverative behavior during free visual exploration in neglect patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Paladini
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patric Wyss
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Neurorehabilitation Clinics, University Hospital Bern Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Prabitha Urwyler
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Nef
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dario Cazzoli
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nyffeler
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - René M Müri
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Neurorehabilitation Clinics, University Hospital Bern Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Omata K, Ito S, Takata Y, Ouchi Y. Similar Neural Correlates of Planning and Execution to Inhibit Continuing Actions. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:951. [PMID: 30631263 PMCID: PMC6315197 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of action is involved in stopping a movement, as well as terminating unnecessary movement during performance of a behavior. The inhibition of single actions, known as response inhibition (Inhibition of the urge to respond before or after actions) has been widely investigated using the go/no-go task and stop signal task. However, few studies focused on phase and volition-related inhibition after an action has been initiated. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of planning and execution underlying the voluntary inhibition of ongoing action. We collected fMRI data while participants performed a continuous finger-tapping task involving voluntary and involuntary (externally directed) inhibition, and during the initiation of movement. The results revealed areas of significantly greater activation during the preparation of inhibition of an ongoing action during voluntary inhibition, compared with involuntary inhibition, in the supplementary (SMA) and pre-supplementary motor areas, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inferior parietal lobe, bilateral globus pallidus/putamen, bilateral insula and premotor cortex. Focusing on the period of execution of inhibition of ongoing actions, an event-related fMRI analysis revealed significant activation in the SMA, middle cingulate cortex, bilateral insula, right IFG and inferior parietal cortex. Additional comparative analyses suggested that brain activation while participants were planning to inhibit an ongoing action was similar to that during planning to start an action, indicating that the same neural substrates of motor planning may be recruited even when an action is ongoing. The present finding that brain activation associated with inhibiting ongoing actions was compatible with that seen in response inhibition (urge to stop before/after actions) suggests that common inhibitory mechanisms for motor movement are involved in both actual and planned motor action, which makes our behavior keep going seamlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Omata
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ito
- Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu PET Imaging Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Youhei Takata
- Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Global Strategic Challenge Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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10
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Kaufmann B, Frey J, Pflugshaupt T, Wyss P, Paladini R, Vanbellingen T, Bohlhalter S, Chechlacz M, Nef T, Müri R, Cazzoli D, Nyffeler T. The spatial distribution of perseverations in neglect patients during a nonverbal fluency task depends on the integrity of the right putamen. Neuropsychologia 2018; 115:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Chien JH, Korzeniewska A, Hillis AE, Kim JH, Emerson N, Greenspan JD, Campbell CM, Meeker TJ, Markman TM, Lenz FA. Vigilance behaviors and EEG activity in sustained attention may affect acute pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3. [PMID: 34295543 PMCID: PMC8294460 DOI: 10.15761/jsin.1000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During Sustained Attention to stimuli across many modalities neural activity often decreases over time on task, while Errors in task performance increase (Vigilance Decrement). Sustained Attention to pain has rarely been investigated experimentally despite its clinical significance. We have employed a Sustained Attention protocol (Continuous Performance Task, CPT) in which the subject counts painful laser stimuli (targets) when they occur randomly in a prolonged train of nonpainful nontargets. We hypothesize that the magnitude of the poststimulus oscillatory power divided by baseline power (Event-Related Spectral Perturbation, ERSP - scalp EEG) over Frontoparietal structures will decrease at all frequencies with time on task, while Beta ERSP (14-30Hz) will be correlated with Error Rates in performance of the CPT. During the CPT with a painful target ERSP was found in four separate Windows, as defined by both their frequency band and the time after the stimulus. A Vigilance Decrement was found which confirms that Sustained Attention to pain was produced by this CPT. In addition, Error Rates was correlated inversely with laser energy, and with ratings of pain unpleasantness and salience. Error Rates also were related directly to the Beta ERSP Window at scalp EEG electrodes over the central sulcus. Over time on task, the ERSP magnitude decreased in Alpha (8-14Hz) Window, was unchanged in early and late Delta/Theta Windows (0-8Hz), and increased in the Beta Window. The increase in Beta ERSP and a decrease in the Alpha ERSP occurred at the same EEG electrode over the parietal lobe to a significant degree across subjects. Overall, Beta activity increases with time on task, and with higher Error Rates as in the case of other modalities. In the case of pain increased Errors correspond to misidentification of painful and nonpainful stimuli and so modulate the sensation of pain under the influence of Sustained Attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering - Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutions, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - A Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - A E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - N Emerson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - J D Greenspan
- Department of Pain and Neural Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - C M Campbell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - T J Meeker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - T M Markman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - F A Lenz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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12
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Toraldo A, Romaniello C, Sommaruga P. Measuring and diagnosing unilateral neglect: a standardized statistical procedure. Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 31:1248-1267. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1349181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Toraldo
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristian Romaniello
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Sommaruga
- Technology Operative Center, Reti Televisive Italiane, Segrate, Italy
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13
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Caulfield MD, Chen P, Barry MM, Barrett AM. Which perseverative behaviors are symptoms of spatial neglect? Brain Cogn 2017; 113:93-101. [PMID: 28167411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Spatial neglect is a characterized by a failure to attend or make movements towards left-sided stimuli. Common paper-and-pencil tasks to diagnose spatial neglect are sensitive to perseverative errors, including additional marks over already cancelled targets and "scribbling" out a target. Here, we examine whether functionally distinct perseverative behaviors are related to spatial neglect. Line cancellation tasks of 45 healthy controls and 220 right-hemisphere stroke survivors were examined for recurrent marks (RM) and continuous marks (CM) perseverations. We found that RM perseveration correlated with neglect severity, while CM perseveration did not. Examination of lesion profiles for the two groups indicated distinct anatomical correlates, with RM lesions overlapping regions implicated in spatial neglect including the rolandic operculum, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan D Caulfield
- Stroke Rehabilitation Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA; Department of Psychology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA.
| | - Peii Chen
- Stroke Rehabilitation Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michele M Barry
- Stroke Rehabilitation Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
| | - A M Barrett
- Stroke Rehabilitation Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ, USA
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14
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Investigating structure and function in the healthy human brain: validity of acute versus chronic lesion-symptom mapping. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2059-2070. [PMID: 27807627 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Modern voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) analyses techniques provide powerful tools to examine the relationship between structure and function of the healthy human brain. However, there is still uncertainty on the type of and the appropriate time point of imaging and of behavioral testing for such analyses. Here we tested the validity of the three most common combinations of structural imaging data and behavioral scores used in VLSM analyses. Given the established knowledge about the neural substrate of the primary motor system in humans, we asked the mundane question of where the motor system is represented in the normal human brain, analyzing individual arm motor function of 60 unselected stroke patients. Only the combination of acute behavioral scores and acute structural imaging precisely identified the principal brain area for the emergence of hemiparesis after stroke, i.e., the corticospinal tract (CST). In contrast, VLSM analyses based on chronic behavior-in combination with either chronic or acute imaging-required the exclusion of patients who had recovered from an initial paresis to reveal valid anatomical results. Thus, if the primary research aim of a VLSM lesion analysis is to uncover the neural substrates of a certain function in the healthy human brain and if no longitudinal designs with repeated evaluations are planned, the combination of acute imaging and behavior represents the ideal dataset.
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15
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Ronchi R, Algeri L, Chiapella L, Gallucci M, Spada MS, Vallar G. Left neglect dyslexia: Perseveration and reading error types. Neuropsychologia 2016; 89:453-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Novak J, Bailoo JD, Melotti L, Würbel H. Effect of Cage-Induced Stereotypies on Measures of Affective State and Recurrent Perseveration in CD-1 and C57BL/6 Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153203. [PMID: 27145080 PMCID: PMC4856387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotypies are abnormal repetitive behaviour patterns that are highly prevalent in laboratory mice and are thought to reflect impaired welfare. Thus, they are associated with impaired behavioural inhibition and may also reflect negative affective states. However, in mice the relationship between stereotypies and behavioural inhibition is inconclusive, and reliable measures of affective valence are lacking. Here we used an exploration based task to assess cognitive bias as a measure of affective valence and a two-choice guessing task to assess recurrent perseveration as a measure of impaired behavioural inhibition to test mice with different forms and expression levels of stereotypic behaviour. We trained 44 CD-1 and 40 C57BL/6 female mice to discriminate between positively and negatively cued arms in a radial maze and tested their responses to previously inaccessible ambiguous arms. In CD-1 mice (i) mice with higher stereotypy levels displayed a negative cognitive bias and this was influenced by the form of stereotypy performed, (ii) negative cognitive bias was evident in back-flipping mice, and (iii) no such effect was found in mice displaying bar-mouthing or cage-top twirling. In C57BL/6 mice neither route-tracing nor bar-mouthing was associated with cognitive bias, indicating that in this strain these stereotypies may not reflect negative affective states. Conversely, while we found no relation of stereotypy to recurrent perseveration in CD-1 mice, C57BL/6 mice with higher levels of route-tracing, but not bar-mouthing, made more repetitive responses in the guessing task. Our findings confirm previous research indicating that the implications of stereotypies for animal welfare may strongly depend on the species and strain of animal as well as on the form and expression level of the stereotypy. Furthermore, they indicate that variation in stereotypic behaviour may represent an important source of variation in many animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Novak
- Division of Animal Welfare, VPH Institute, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeremy D. Bailoo
- Division of Animal Welfare, VPH Institute, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Melotti
- Division of Animal Welfare, VPH Institute, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hanno Würbel
- Division of Animal Welfare, VPH Institute, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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De Lucia N, Grossi D, Trojano L. The Genesis of Graphic Perseverations in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Clin Neuropsychol 2015; 29:924-37. [PMID: 26618858 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2015.1119313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perseveration is the involuntary production of iterative responses. This study explored graphic perseverative errors in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, to comprehend the neuropsychological correlates of this behavior. METHOD We performed a retrospective analysis of graphic productions in 114 individuals with clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and in 63 individuals with clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia, who completed frontal-executive, visuo-spatial, visuo-constructional, and verbal memory tests. For assessing perseverative behavior, we considered recurrent perseverations (inappropriate re-drawing of a figure drawn in a previous trial) and continuous perseverations (inappropriate replication of the same figure or of its element within one trial) produced in a standard copying task. RESULTS Two or more graphic perseverative errors occurred in 66/114 individuals with Alzheimer's disease (57.9%) and in 31/63 individuals with vascular dementia (49.2%). Participants with moderate-to-severe dementia produced a significantly higher number of perseverations than individuals with mild dementia. Logistic regression revealed a significant relationship of graphic perseverations with frontal and visuo-constructive impairments, in both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. CONCLUSIONS Graphic perseverations are frequent in both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Frontal-executive defects can hamper inhibition of iterative graphic productions. Identification of graphic perseverations can be useful for detection and monitoring of frontal-executive impairments throughout the disease course in individuals with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascia De Lucia
- a Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology , Second University of Naples , Caserta , Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- a Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology , Second University of Naples , Caserta , Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- a Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology , Second University of Naples , Caserta , Italy
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18
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Kim GH, Seo SW, Jung K, Kwon OH, Kwon H, Kim JH, Roh JH, Kim MJ, Lee BH, Yoon DS, Hwang JW, Lee JM, Jeong JH, You H, Heilman KM, Na DL. The neural correlates of motor intentional disorders in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment. J Neurol 2015; 263:89-99. [PMID: 26514838 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) refers to cognitive impairment associated with small vessel disease. Motor intentional disorders (MID) have been reported in patients with SVCI. However, there are no studies exploring the neuroanatomical regions related to MID in SVCI patients. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the neural correlates of MID in SVCI patients. Thirty-one patients with SVCI as well as 10 healthy match control participants were included. A "Pinch-Grip" apparatus was used to quantify the force control capabilities of the index finger in four different movement phases including initiation, development, maintenance, and termination. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Topographical cortical areas and white matter tracts correlated with the performances of the four different movement phases were assessed by the surface-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics analyses. Poorer performance in the maintenance task was related to cortical thinning in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal and parietal cortices, while poorer performance in the termination task was associated with the disruption of fronto-parietal cortical areas as well as the white matter tracts including splenium and association fibers such as superior longitudinal fasciculus. Our study demonstrates that cortical areas and underlying white matter tracts associated with fronto-parietal attentional system play an important role in motor impersistence and perseveration in SVCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Ha Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kihyo Jung
- School of Industrial Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Oh-Hun Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hunki Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Neurology, National Health Insurance Corporation, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Roh
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Sang Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Won Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heecheon You
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Kenneth M Heilman
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Saj A, Vocat R, Vuilleumier P. Action-monitoring impairment in anosognosia for hemiplegia. Cortex 2015; 61:93-106. [PMID: 25481468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Every movement begins with action programming, and ends with a produced effect. Anosognosia for hemiplegia (AH), involving unawareness of motor deficits after brain damage, is a striking but also poorly understood symptom in clinical neurology. It has been suggested that it may result from a combination of cognitive and sensorimotor dysfunctions, including impairments in monitoring motor action and detecting the mismatch between intention and outcome. Here we investigated the relationship between motor action awareness and monitoring of self-produced movements by using a motor imaginary task, which was performed with either the intact or the affected limb. We tested 10 right brain-damaged patients, including 5 with AH, in comparison with 5 healthy controls. In a first phase, participants were asked to either realize or imagine a movement with their right or left arm. In a subsequent recognition phase, the participants had to recall whether the movement was a realized or imagined and which arm was used. AH patients performed significantly worse relative to no-AH patients and healthy controls for the left movements. Specifically, we found that AH patients believed they had realized movements with their (paralyzed) left arm even when they failed in the left execution condition. However, they also made more errors for movements actually realized with the right hand. These findings confirm that impaired action monitoring may contribute to AHP. Furthermore, our results support the notion of an action control system integrating "feedforward" signals through a comparison process between the intention and execution of movement, but also indicate that monitoring deficits in AHP are not strictly unilateral. Combined together, dysfunction of motor comparator processes and more general monitoring deficits may add up to lead to unawareness of paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Saj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Vocat
- Hospital of Valais, St-Maurice, Martigny and Sierre, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Selective improvement of anosognosia for hemiplegia during transcranial direct current stimulation: a case report. Cortex 2015; 61:107-19. [PMID: 25481469 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Right brain damage patients may not complain of a left sided paralysis up to the point of denying it or even claiming of having just moved an otherwise paralyzed limb. This condition is known as anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP). Recent behavioural experiments suggest that some residual intentionality might be preserved in patients with anosognosia and that the false belief of having moved originates from a failure to notice discrepancies between movement expectancies and the actual state of the motor system. This failure may be caused by a lack of afferent sensory information concerning the movement or alternatively by a direct dysfunction of the brain regions involved in actions' motor monitoring (i.e., the comparator system). Here we examined the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right premotor cortex in a patient with a bilateral lesion, involving predominantly the right hemisphere, and a dense unawareness for his left hemiplegia. During sham or anodal tDCS the patient was requested to judge his ability to perform simple motor actions (i) without actually executing the movement itself ("offline" condition) and after having performed a series of verbally cued finger opposition movements ("online" condition) with (i) eyes-closed or (ii) eyes-open. We found that anodal tDCS induces a significant remission of the false experience of movement only when the patient is requested to actually perform the movement with eyes open. Conversely, the patient's awareness does not improve in both the "offline" condition (in which the patient does not attempt to perform the movement) and in the "online" condition, when vision is precluded ("online" condition, eyes-closed). We conclude that the stimulation of the premotor cortex by tDCS activates brain regions involved in motor monitoring, temporary restoring the ability of the motor comparator system to correctly appreciate afferent information and build up a veridical motor awareness.
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21
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Sedda A, Gandola M. Methods to explore productive behaviors in personal and extrapersonal space. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:790. [PMID: 25324769 PMCID: PMC4183110 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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