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Yoshioka D, Yamanashi T, Taneda K, Matsukawa T, Orimo K, Iwata M. Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification presenting with obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A case report. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e166. [PMID: 38868467 PMCID: PMC11114289 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC), also known as Farh's disease, is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by calcification of the basal ganglia and other brain regions. This disease usually occurs in middle-aged patients and presents with various neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The exact prevalence is unknown; however, population genomic data analysis suggests a prevalence of at least 4.5/10,000 to 3.3/1000, indicating that the disease is more common than previously thought and remains underdiagnosed. Case Presentation We report the case of a middle-aged Japanese man who attempted suicide twice because of obsessive-compulsive ideation caused by trivial triggers. The patient's psychiatric symptoms resolved relatively quickly after hospitalization, and imaging and genetic testing led to a diagnosis of IBGC. Conclusion This case report illustrates the importance of including IBGC in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric symptoms that initially develop in middle-aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yoshioka
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Takehiko Yamanashi
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Kenta Taneda
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kenta Orimo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
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Thomas SA, Ryan SK, Gilman J. Resting state network connectivity is associated with cognitive flexibility performance in youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108708. [PMID: 37898357 PMCID: PMC10842068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility is an executive functioning skill that develops in childhood, and when impaired, has transdiagnostic implications for psychiatric disorders. To identify how intrinsic neural architecture at rest is linked to cognitive flexibility performance, we used the data-driven method of independent component analysis (ICA) to investigate resting state networks (RSNs) and their whole-brain connectivity associated with levels of cognitive flexibility performance in children. We hypothesized differences by cognitive flexibility performance in RSN connectivity strength in cortico-striatal circuitry, which would manifest via the executive control network, right and left frontoparietal networks (FPN), salience network, default mode network (DMN), and basal ganglia network. We selected participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study who scored at the 25th, ("CF-Low"), 50th ("CF-Average"), or 75th percentiles ("CF-High") on a cognitive flexibility task, were early to middle puberty, and did not exhibit significant psychopathology (n = 967, 47.9% female; ages 9-10). We conducted whole-brain ICA, identifying 14 well-characterized RSNs. Groups differed in connectivity strength in the right FPN, anterior DMN, and posterior DMN. Planned comparisons indicated CF-High had stronger connectivity between right FPN and supplementary motor/anterior cingulate than CF-Low. CF-High had more anti-correlated connectivity between anterior DMN and precuneus than CF-Average. CF-Low had stronger connectivity between posterior DMN and supplementary motor/anterior cingulate than CF-Average. Post-hoc correlations with reaction time by trial type demonstrated significant associations with connectivity. In sum, our results suggest childhood cognitive flexibility performance is associated with DMN and FPN connectivity strength at rest, and that there may be optimal levels of connectivity associated with task performance that vary by network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Thomas
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, 25 Hoppin St., Box #36, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Box 1901, 164 Angell St., 4th Floor, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Sarah K Ryan
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, 25 Hoppin St., Box #36, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Jodi Gilman
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ging-Jehli NR, Arnold LE, Van Zandt T. Cognitive-attentional mechanisms of cooperation-with implications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and cognitive neuroscience. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:1545-1567. [PMID: 37783876 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
People's cooperativeness depends on many factors, such as their motives, cognition, experiences, and the situation they are in. To date, it is unclear how these factors interact and shape the decision to cooperate. We present a computational account of cooperation that not only provides insights for the design of effective incentive structures but also redefines neglected social-cognitive characteristics associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Leveraging game theory, we demonstrate that the source and magnitude of conflict between different motives affected the speed and frequency of cooperation. Integrating eye-tracking to measure motivation-based information processing during decision-making shows that participants' visual fixations on the gains of cooperation rather than its costs and risks predicted their cooperativeness on a trial-by-trial basis. Using Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we find that a situation's prosociality and participants' past experience each bias the decision-making process distinctively. ADHD characteristics explain individual differences in responsiveness across contexts, highlighting the clinical importance of experimentally studying reactivity in social interactions. We demonstrate how the use of eye-tracking and computational modeling can be used to experimentally investigate social-cognitive characteristics in clinical populations. We also discuss possible underlying neural mechanisms to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja R Ging-Jehli
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, & Psychological Sciences, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Nisonger Center UCEDD, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Trish Van Zandt
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Stock AK, Werner A, Kuntke P, Petasch MS, Bensmann W, Zink N, Koyun AH, Quednow BB, Beste C. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Concentrations in the Striatum and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Not Found to Be Associated with Cognitive Flexibility. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1192. [PMID: 37626548 PMCID: PMC10452168 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral flexibility and goal-directed behavior heavily depend on fronto-striatal networks. Within these circuits, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate play an important role in (motor) response inhibition, but it has remained largely unclear whether they are also relevant for cognitive inhibition. We hence investigated the functional role of these transmitters for cognitive inhibition during cognitive flexibility. Healthy young adults performed two paradigms assessing different aspects of cognitive flexibility. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to quantify GABA+ and total glutamate/glutamine (Glx) levels in the striatum and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) referenced to N-acetylaspartate (NAA). We observed typical task switching and backward inhibition effects, but striatal and ACC concentrations of GABA+/NAA and Glx/NAA were not associated with cognitive flexibility in a functionally relevant manner. The assumption of null effects was underpinned by Bayesian testing. These findings suggest that behavioral and cognitive inhibition are functionally distinct faculties, that depend on (at least partly) different brain structures and neurotransmitter systems. While previous studies consistently demonstrated that motor response inhibition is modulated by ACC and striatal GABA levels, our results suggest that the functionally distinct cognitive inhibition required for successful switching is not, or at least to a much lesser degree, modulated by these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany; (M.-S.P.); (W.B.); (N.Z.); (A.H.K.); (C.B.)
- Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Werner
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TU Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.W.); (P.K.)
| | - Paul Kuntke
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TU Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany; (A.W.); (P.K.)
| | - Miriam-Sophie Petasch
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany; (M.-S.P.); (W.B.); (N.Z.); (A.H.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Wiebke Bensmann
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany; (M.-S.P.); (W.B.); (N.Z.); (A.H.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Nicolas Zink
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany; (M.-S.P.); (W.B.); (N.Z.); (A.H.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Anna Helin Koyun
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany; (M.-S.P.); (W.B.); (N.Z.); (A.H.K.); (C.B.)
| | - Boris B. Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland;
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany; (M.-S.P.); (W.B.); (N.Z.); (A.H.K.); (C.B.)
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van de Vijver I, Verhoeven AAC, de Wit S. Individual Differences in Corticostriatal White-matter Tracts Predict Successful Daily-life Routine Formation. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:571-587. [PMID: 36724394 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite good intentions, people often fail to cross the "intention-behavior gap," especially when goal achievement requires repeated action. To bridge this gap, the formation of automatized routines may be crucial. However, people may differ in the tendency to switch from goal-directed toward habitual control. To shed light on why some people succeed in forming routines while others struggle, the present study related the automatization of a novel, daily routine to individual differences in white-matter connectivity in corticostriatal networks that have been implicated in goal-directed and habitual control. Seventy-seven participants underwent diffusion-weighted imaging and formed the daily routine of taking a (placebo) pill for 3 weeks. Pill intake was measured by electronic pill boxes, and participants filled out a daily online questionnaire on the subjective automaticity of this behavior. Automatization of pill intake was negatively related to striatal (mainly caudate) connectivity with frontal goal-directed and cognitive control regions, namely, ventromedial pFC and anterior cingulate gyrus. Furthermore, daily pill intake was positively related to individual differences in striatal (mainly caudate) connectivity with cognitive control regions, including dorsolateral and anterior pFC. Therefore, strong control networks may be relevant for implementing a new routine but may not benefit its automatization. We also show that habit tendency (assessed with an outcome-devaluation task), conscientiousness, and daily life regularity were positively related to routine automatization. This translational study moves the field of habit research forward by relating self-reported routine automatization to individual differences in performance on an experimental habit measure and to brain connectivity.
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6
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Dueker N, Wang L, Gardener H, Gomez L, Kaur S, Beecham A, Blanton SH, Dong C, Gutierrez J, Cheung YK, Moon YP, Levin B, Wright CB, Elkind MSV, Sacco RL, Rundek T. Genome-wide association study of executive function in a multi-ethnic cohort implicates LINC01362: Results from the northern Manhattan study. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:216-221. [PMID: 36658081 PMCID: PMC10064578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Executive function is a cognitive domain with sizable heritability representing higher-order cognitive abilities. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of executive function are sparse, particularly in populations underrepresented in medical research. We performed a GWAS on a composite measure of executive function that included measures of mental flexibility and reasoning using data from the Northern Manhattan Study, a racially and ethnically diverse cohort (N = 1077, 69% Hispanic, 17% non-Hispanic Black and 14% non-Hispanic White). Four SNPs located in the long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1362 gene, LINC01362, on chromosome 1p31.1, were significantly associated with the composite measure of executive function in this cohort (top SNP rs2788328, ß = 0.22, p = 3.1 × 10-10). The associated SNPs have been shown to influence expression of the tubulin tyrosine ligase like 7 gene, TTLL7 and the protein kinase CAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta gene, PRKACB, in several regions of the brain involved in executive function. Together, these findings present new insight into the genetic underpinnings of executive function in an understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Dueker
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Liyong Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Hannah Gardener
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Lissette Gomez
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sonya Kaur
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA; Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami FL USA
| | - Ashley Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology and the Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Ying Kuen Cheung
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeseon P Moon
- Department of Neurology and the Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Bonnie Levin
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA; Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami FL USA
| | - Clinton B Wright
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology and the Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA; Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami FL USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA; Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami FL USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
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7
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Brecht AK, Medawar E, Thieleking R, Sacher J, Beyer F, Villringer A, Witte AV. Dietary and serum tyrosine, white matter microstructure and inter-individual variability in executive functions in overweight adults: Relation to sex/gender and age. Appetite 2022; 178:106093. [PMID: 35738483 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine (tyr), the precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine, is known to modulate cognitive functions including executive attention. Tyr supplementation is suggested to influence dopamine-modulated cognitive performance. However, results are inconclusive regarding the presence or strength and also the direction of the association between tyr and cognitive function. This pre-registered cross-sectional analysis investigates whether diet-associated serum tyr relates to executive attention performance, and whether this relationship is moderated by differences in white matter microstructure. 59 healthy, overweight, young to middle-aged adults (20 female, 28.3 ± 6.6 years, BMI: 27.3 ± 1.5 kg/m2) drawn from a longitudinal study reported dietary habits, donated blood and completed diffusion-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging and the attention network test. Main analyses were performed using linear regressions and non-parametric voxel-wise inference testing. Confirmatory analyses did neither support an association between dietary and serum tyr nor a relationship between relative serum tyr/large neutral amino acids (LNAA) levels or white matter microstructure and executive attention performance. However, exploratory analyses revealed higher tyr intake, higher serum tyr and better executive attention performance in the male sex/gender group. In addition, older age was associated with higher dietary tyr intake and lower fractional anisotropy in a widespread cluster across the brain. Finally, a positive association between relative serum tyr/LNAA and executive attention performance was found in the male sex/gender group when accounting for age effects. Our analysis advances the field of dopamine-modulated cognitive functions by revealing sex/gender and age differences which might be diet-related. Longitudinal or intervention studies and larger sample sizes are needed to provide more reliable evidence for links between tyr and executive attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-K Brecht
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Thieleking
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Sacher
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - A V Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Luo S, Zhu Y, Han S. Functional connectome fingerprint of holistic-analytic cultural style. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:172-186. [PMID: 34160613 PMCID: PMC8847908 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research in the field of cultural psychology and cultural neuroscience has revealed that culture is an important factor related to the human behaviors and neural activities in various tasks, it remains unclear how different brain regions organize together to construct a topological network for the representation of individual's cultural tendency. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that resting-state brain network properties can reflect individual's cultural background or tendency. By combining the methods of resting-state magnetic resonance imaging and graph theoretical analysis, significant cultural differences between participants from Eastern and Western cultures were found in the degree and global efficiency of regions mainly within the default mode network and subcortical network. Furthermore, the holistic-analytic thinking style, as a cultural value, provided a partial explanation for the cultural differences on various nodal metrics. Validation analyses further confirmed that these network properties effectively predicted the tendency of holistic-analytic cultural style within a group (r = 0.23) and accurately classified cultural groups (65%). The current study establishes a neural connectome representation of holistic-analytic cultural style including the topological brain network properties of regions in the default mode network, the basal ganglia and amygdala, which enable accurate cultural group membership classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Luo
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
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Gender Differences in Attention Adaptation after an 8-Week FIFA 11 + for Kids Training Program in Elementary School Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090822. [PMID: 34572254 PMCID: PMC8472359 DOI: 10.3390/children8090822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
School-based exercise intervention is recognized as an optimal tool for enhancing attentional performance in healthy school children. However, gender differences in the training adaptation regarding attentional capacities have not been elucidated clearly in the current literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ for Kids training program on attentional performance in schoolboys and girls. Based on a quasi-experimental design, fifty-two children registered in year five of elementary school were assigned into the following groups: training boys (n = 13), training girls (n = 13), control boys (n = 13), and control girls (n = 13). The training groups undertook an 8-week FIFA 11+ Kids intervention with a training frequency of five times per week, whereas the control groups were deprived of any exercise during the study period. All the participants maintained their regular physical activity and weekly physical education (PE) lessons (two 50-min lessons per week of school curriculum) during the training period. The Chinese version of the Attention Scale for Elementary School Children (ASESC) test was used for attentional assessment at the baseline and one week after the interventional period. The Kruskal–Wallis H test was used for between-group comparison, whereas the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for within-group comparison. Significant differences in total scale, focused attention, selective attention, and alternating attention were found in group comparisons (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the training children significantly increased their values in relation to total scale, focused attention, sustained attention, and selective attention (p < 0.05). Only training girls significantly improved their divided attention after the training period (p < 0.001, MD = −0.77, ES = −0.12). In conclusion, the FIFA 11+ for Kids is an effective school-based exercise intervention for attentional improvement in school children. The schoolgirls demonstrated a positive outcome regarding divided attention after the interventional period.
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10
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Nir-Cohen G, Kessler Y, Egner T. Neural Substrates of Working Memory Updating. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:2285-2302. [PMID: 32897122 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) needs to protect current content from interference and simultaneously be amenable to rapid updating with newly relevant information. An influential model suggests these opposing requirements are met via a BG-thalamus gating mechanism that allows for selective updating of PFC WM representations. A large neuroimaging literature supports the general involvement of PFC, BG, and thalamus, as well as posterior parietal cortex, in WM. However, the specific functional contributions of these regions to key subprocesses of WM updating, namely, gate opening, content substitution, and gate closing, are still unknown, as common WM tasks conflate these processes. We therefore combined fMRI with the reference-back task, specifically designed to tease apart these subprocesses. Participants compared externally presented face stimuli to a reference face held in WM, while alternating between updating and maintaining this reference, resulting in opening versus closing the gate to WM. Gate opening and substitution processes were associated with strong BG, thalamic, and frontoparietal activation, but intriguingly, the same activity profile was observed for sensory cortex supporting task stimulus processing (i.e., the fusiform face area). In contrast, gate closing was not reliably associated with any of these regions. These findings provide new support for the involvement of the BG in gate opening, as suggested by the gating model, but qualify the model's assumptions by demonstrating that gate closing does not seem to depend on the BG and that gate opening also involves task-relevant sensory cortex.
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11
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Calzada-Reyes A, Alvarez-Amador A, Galán-García L, Valdés-Sosa M. Sex Differences in QEEG in Psychopath Offenders. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:146-154. [PMID: 32241230 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419872414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Functional brain differences related to sex in psychopathic behavior represent an important field of neuroscience research; there are few studies on this area, mainly in offender samples. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of electrophysiological differences between male and female psychopath offenders; specifically, we wanted to assess whether the results in quantitative EEG, low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA), and changes in synchronous brain activity could be related to sex influence. Sample and Methods. The study included 31 male and 12 female psychopath offenders, according to the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised criteria from 2 prisons located in Havana City. The EEG visual inspection characteristics and the use of frequency domain quantitative analysis techniques are described. Results. The resting EEG visual analyses revealed a high percentage of EEG abnormalities in both studied groups. Significant statistical differences between the mean parameters of cross spectral measures between psychopathic offender groups were found in the beta band at bilateral frontal derivation and centroparietal areas. LORETA showed differences especially in the paralimbic and parieto-occipital areas Synchronization likelihood revealed a significant group effect in the 26 to 30 Hz band. These results indicate that combining quantitative EEG, LORETA analysis, and synchronization likelihood may improve the neurofunctional differentiation between psychopath offenders of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Calzada-Reyes
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Alfredo Alvarez-Amador
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Lídice Galán-García
- Department of Neurostatistic, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Mitchell Valdés-Sosa
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Cuban Center for Neurosciences, Havana City, Cuba
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Zhu J, Zhu DM, Zhang C, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yu Y. Quantitative prediction of individual cognitive flexibility using structural MRI. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:781-788. [PMID: 29855990 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility, a core dimension of executive functions, refers to one's ability to switch between multiple tasks and sets in a quick and flexible manner. However, whether objective neuroimaging can be used to quantitatively predict cognitive flexibility at the individual level remains largely unexplored. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data of 100 healthy young participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset were used to calculate gray matter volume (GMV). Cognitive flexibility was assessed by the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCS). Using a multivariate machine learning technique known as relevance vector regression (RVR), we examined the relationship between GMV and cognitive flexibility performance. We found that the application of RVR to GMV allowed quantitative prediction of the DCCS scores with statistically significant accuracy (correlation = 0.41, P = 0.0001; mean squared error = 73.35, P = 0.0001). Accurate prediction was mainly based on GMV in the temporal regions. In addition, a univariate approach also revealed an inverse association between DCCS scores and GMV in the temporal areas. Our findings provide preliminary support to the development of neuroimaging techniques as a useful means to inform the cognitive assessment of individuals. Furthermore, the significant contribution of temporal regions suggests the prominent role of temporal cortex morphology in individual differences in cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Dao-Min Zhu
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, 230022, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China.
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13
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Cools R. Chemistry of the Adaptive Mind: Lessons from Dopamine. Neuron 2019; 104:113-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Johnen A, Schiffler P, Landmeyer NC, Tenberge JG, Riepl E, Wiendl H, Krämer J, Meuth SG. Resolving the cognitive clinico-radiological paradox - Microstructural degeneration of fronto-striatal-thalamic loops in early active multiple sclerosis. Cortex 2019; 121:239-252. [PMID: 31654896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between cognitive impairment (CI) and both global and regional brain volumes can be weak in early multiple sclerosis (MS), a dilemma known as cognitive clinico-radiological paradox. We hypothesized that white-matter (WM) integrity within fronto-striatal-thalamic networks may be a sensitive marker for impaired performance in speed-dependent tasks, typical for early MS. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with early active relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) received comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and underwent structural and diffusion-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Global and regional brain volumes were obtained using FreeSurfer software. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was computed from diffusion tensor images to assess microstructural alterations within three anatomically predefined fronto-striatal-thalamic loops known to be relevant for speed-dependent attention and executive functions. RESULTS Overall cognitive performance (Spearman's ρ = .51) and performance in the domains processing speed (ρ = .44) and executive functions (ρ = .41) were correlated with patients' mean FA within the right dorsolateral-prefrontal loop. In addition, overall cognitive performance correlated with mean FA within the right lateral orbitofrontal loop (ρ = .39) - but only before controlling for WM lesion count. In contrast, regional volumes of grey-matter structures within these fronto-striatal-thalamic loops (including the thalamus) were not significantly related to CI. The total brain volume was associated with performance in the domain verbal memory (ρ = .43) only. CONCLUSIONS Microstructural degeneration within specific fronto-striatal-thalamic WM networks, previously characterized as crucial for task-monitoring, better accounts for speed-dependent CI in patients with early active RRMS than global or regional brain volumes. Our findings may advance our understanding of the neural substrates underlying CI characteristic for early RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Johnen
- Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Patrick Schiffler
- Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils C Landmeyer
- Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan-Gerd Tenberge
- Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ester Riepl
- Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Krämer
- Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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The contemplative exercise through the lenses of predictive processing: A promising approach. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 244:299-322. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Berry AS, Shah VD, Jagust WJ. The Influence of Dopamine on Cognitive Flexibility Is Mediated by Functional Connectivity in Young but Not Older Adults. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:1330-1344. [PMID: 29791298 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic signaling in striatum is strongly implicated in executive functions including cognitive flexibility. However, there is a paucity of multimodal research in humans defining the nature of relationships between endogenous dopamine, striatal network activity, and cognition. Here, we measured dopamine synthesis capacity in young and older adults using the PET tracer 6-[18F]fluoro-l- m-tyrosine and examined its relationship with cognitive performance and functional connectivity during an fMRI study of task switching. Aging is associated with alteration in dopamine function, including profound losses in dopamine receptors but an apparent elevation in dopamine synthesis. A compensatory benefit of upregulated dopamine synthesis in aging has not been established. Across young and older adults, we found that cognitive flexibility (low behavioral switch cost) was associated with stronger task-related functional connectivity within canonical fronto-striato-thalamic circuits connecting left inferior frontal gyrus, dorsal caudate nucleus (DCA) and ventral lateral/ventral anterior thalamic nuclei. In young adults, functional connectivity mediated the influence of DCA dopamine synthesis capacity on switch cost. For older adults, these relationships were modified such that DCA synthesis capacity and connectivity interacted to influence switch cost. Older adults with most elevated synthesis capacity maintained the pattern of connectivity-cognition relationships observed in youth, whereas these relationships were not evident for older adults with low synthesis capacity. Together, these findings suggest a role of dopamine in tuning striatal circuits to benefit executive function in young adults and clarify the functional impact of elevated dopamine synthesis capacity in aging.
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17
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van Timmeren T, Jansen JM, Caan MWA, Goudriaan AE, van Holst RJ. White matter integrity between left basal ganglia and left prefrontal cortex is compromised in gambling disorder. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1590-1600. [PMID: 27612435 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathological gambling (PG) is a behavioral addiction characterized by an inability to stop gambling despite the negative consequences, which may be mediated by cognitive flexibility deficits. Indeed, impaired cognitive flexibility has previously been linked to PG and also to reduced integrity of white matter connections between the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex. It remains unclear, however, how white matter integrity problems relate to cognitive inflexibility seen in PG. We used a cognitive switch paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging in pathological gamblers (PGs; n = 26) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 26). Cognitive flexibility performance was measured behaviorally by accuracy and reaction time on the switch task, while brain activity was measured in terms of blood oxygen level-dependent responses. We also used diffusion tensor imaging on a subset of data (PGs = 21; HCs = 21) in combination with tract-based spatial statistics and probabilistic fiber tracking to assess white matter integrity between the basal ganglia and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Although there were no significant group differences in either task performance, related neural activity or tract-based spatial statistics, PGs did show decreased white matter integrity between the left basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex. Our results complement and expand similar findings from a previous study in alcohol-dependent patients. Although we found no association between white matter integrity and task performance here, decreased white matter connections may contribute to a diminished ability to recruit prefrontal networks needed for regulating behavior in PG. Hence, our findings could resonate an underlying risk factor for PG, and we speculate that these findings may extend to addiction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim van Timmeren
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Jochem M. Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
- Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology; Leiden University; The Netherlands
| | - Matthan W. A. Caan
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
- Arkin Institute of Mental Health; The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J. van Holst
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Cognition, Brain and Behaviour; Radboud University; The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology; Radboud University Medical Center; The Netherlands
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18
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Laporta-Hoyos O, Pannek K, Ballester-Plané J, Reid LB, Vázquez É, Delgado I, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Macaya A, Póo P, Meléndez-Plumed M, Junqué C, Boyd R, Pueyo R. White matter integrity in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: Relationship with intelligence quotient and executive function. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 15:789-800. [PMID: 28702354 PMCID: PMC5496484 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most disabling motor types of CP and has been classically associated with injury to the basal ganglia and thalamus. Although cognitive dysfunction is common in CP, there is a paucity of published quantitative analyses investigating the relationship between white matter (WM) microstructure and cognition in this CP type. AIMS This study aims (1) to compare brain WM microstructure between people with dyskinetic CP and healthy controls, (2) to identify brain regions where WM microstructure is related to intelligence and (3) to identify brain regions where WM microstructure is related to executive function in people with dyskinetic CP and (4) to identify brain regions where the correlations are different between controls and people with CP in IQ and executive functions. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-three participants with dyskinetic CP (mean ± SD age: 24.42 ± 12.61, 15 female) were age and sex matched with 33 controls. Participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to assess intelligence quotient (IQ) and four executive function domains (attentional control, cognitive flexibility, goal setting and information processing). Diffusion weighted MRI scans were acquired at 3T. Voxel-based whole brain groupwise analyses were used to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) and of the CP group to the matched controls using a general lineal model. Further general linear models were used to identify regions where white matter FA correlated with IQ and each of the executive function domains. RESULTS White matter FA was significantly reduced in the CP group in all cerebral lobes, predominantly in regions connected with the parietal and to a lesser extent the temporal lobes. There was no significant correlation between IQ or any of the four executive function domains and WM microstructure in the control group. In participants with CP, lower IQ was associated with lower FA in all cerebral lobes, predominantly in locations that also showed reduced FA compared to controls. Attentional control, goal setting and information processing did not correlate with WM microstructure in the CP group. Cognitive flexibility was associated with FA in regions known to contain connections with the frontal lobe (such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus and cingulum) as well as regions not known to contain tracts directly connected with the frontal lobe (such as the posterior corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, retrolenticular part of internal capsule, tapetum, body and splenium of corpus callosum). CONCLUSION The widespread loss in the integrity of WM tissue is mainly located in the parietal lobe and related to IQ in dyskinetic CP. Unexpectedly, executive functions are only related with WM microstructure in regions containing fronto-cortical and posterior cortico-subcortical pathways, and not being specifically related to the state of fronto-striatal pathways which might be due to brain reorganization. Further studies of this nature may improve our understanding of the neurobiological bases of cognitive impairments after early brain insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Laporta-Hoyos
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kerstin Pannek
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Júlia Ballester-Plané
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee B Reid
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Élida Vázquez
- Servei de Radiologia Pediàtrica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Delgado
- Servei de Radiologia Pediàtrica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza
- Departamento de Fundamentos y Métodos de la Psicología, Facultad de Psicología y Educación. Universidad de Deusto, Bilbo-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Grup de Recerca en Neurologia Pediàtrica, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Póo
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Meléndez-Plumed
- Servei de Rehabilitació i Medicina Física, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roslyn Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roser Pueyo
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Serbruyns L, Leunissen I, van Ruitenbeek P, Pauwels L, Caeyenberghs K, Solesio-Jofre E, Geurts M, Cuypers K, Meesen RL, Sunaert S, Leemans A, Swinnen SP. Alterations in brain white matter contributing to age-related slowing of task switching performance: The role of radial diffusivity and magnetization transfer ratio. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4084-4098. [PMID: 27571231 PMCID: PMC6867406 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successfully switching between tasks is critical in many daily activities. Age-related slowing of this switching behavior has been documented extensively, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the contribution of brain white matter changes associated with myelin alterations to age-related slowing of switching performance. Diffusion tensor imaging derived radial diffusivity (RD) and magnetization transfer imaging derived magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) were selected as myelin sensitive measures. These metrics were studied in relation to mixing cost (i.e., the increase in reaction time during task blocks that require task switching) on a local-global switching task in young (n = 24) and older (n = 22) adults. Results showed that higher age was associated with widespread increases in RD and decreases in MTR, indicative of white matter deterioration, possibly due to demyelination. Older adults also showed a higher mixing cost, implying slowing of switching performance. Finally, mediation analyses demonstrated that decreases in MTR of the bilateral superior corona radiata contributed to the observed slowing of switching performance with increasing age. These findings provide evidence for a role of cortico-subcortical white matter changes in task switching performance deterioration with healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4084-4098, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Serbruyns
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Leunissen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter van Ruitenbeek
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Pauwels
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Elena Solesio-Jofre
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique Geurts
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Cuypers
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raf L Meesen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Belgium.
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20
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Subramanian SK, Chilingaryan G, Sveistrup H, Levin MF. Depressive symptoms influence use of feedback for motor learning and recovery in chronic stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 33:727-40. [PMID: 26444639 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sensorimotor impairments and depressive symptoms (PSD) influence arm motor recovery post-stroke. Feedback provision improves upper limb motor learning in patients with chronic stroke but factors including PSD may affect ability to use feedback. We evaluated the influence of PSD on the ability to use auditory feedback for upper limb recovery and motor learning in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS Participants (n = 24) practiced 72 pointing movements/session (6 targets, 12 sessions, randomized) with auditory feedback on movement speed and trunk displacement. The presence of PSD (Beck's Depression Inventory; BDI-II) was assessed at pre-intervention (PRE). Arm motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, shoulder horizontal adduction, shoulder flexion, elbow extension ranges, trunk displacement) and arm use (Motor Activity Log) were assessed at PRE, immediately after (POST) and retention (3 mos; RET). Participants were divided into two groups based on BDI-II scores: ≥ 14/63 (DEP group; n = 8; score: 20.5 ± 7.5) and ≤ 13/63 (no PSD (ND) group; n = 16; score: 5.0 ± 3.8). Changes in impairment and arm use levels were assessed (mixed-model ANOVAs). RESULTS All participants improved arm use. DEP had lower Fugl-Meyer scores, used more compensatory trunk displacement and had lower shoulder horizontal adduction range compared to ND. CONCLUSION The presence of PSD diminished the ability to use auditory feedback for arm motor recovery and motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Subramanian
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Feil-Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital site of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gevorg Chilingaryan
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Feil-Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital site of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heidi Sveistrup
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mindy F Levin
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Feil-Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital site of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Laval, Quebec, Canada
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21
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MRI pallidal signal in children exposed to manganese in drinking water. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Vatansever D, Manktelow AE, Sahakian BJ, Menon DK, Stamatakis EA. Cognitive Flexibility: A Default Network and Basal Ganglia Connectivity Perspective. Brain Connect 2016; 6:201-7. [PMID: 26652748 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2015.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intra/extradimensional set-shifting task (IED) provides a reliable assessment of cognitive flexibility, the shifting of attention to select behaviorally relevant stimuli in a given context. Impairments in this domain were previously reported in patients with altered neurotransmitter systems such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Consequently, corticostriatal connections were implicated in the mediation of this function. In addition, parts of the default mode network (DMN), namely the medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate/precuneus cortices, are also being progressively described in association with set-shifting paradigms. Nevertheless, a definitive link between cognitive flexibility and DMN connectivity remains to be established. To this end, we related resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based functional connectivity of DMN with IED task performance in a healthy population, measured outside the scanner. The results demonstrated that greater posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (DMN) connectivity with the ventromedial striatopallidum at rest correlated with fewer total adjusted errors on the IED task. This finding points to a relationship between DMN and basal ganglia connectivity for cognitive flexibility, further highlighting this network's potential role in adaptive human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Vatansever
- 1 Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom .,2 Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Manktelow
- 1 Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom .,2 Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David K Menon
- 1 Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom .,2 Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel A Stamatakis
- 1 Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom .,2 Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sidlauskaite J, Caeyenberghs K, Sonuga-Barke E, Roeyers H, Wiersema JR. Whole-brain structural topology in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Preserved global - disturbed local network organization. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 9:506-12. [PMID: 26640763 PMCID: PMC4630025 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies demonstrate altered organization of functional brain networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the structural underpinnings of these functional disturbances are poorly understood. In the current study, we applied a graph-theoretic approach to whole-brain diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate the organization of structural brain networks in adults with ADHD and unaffected controls using deterministic fiber tractography. Groups did not differ in terms of global network metrics - small-worldness, global efficiency and clustering coefficient. However, there were widespread ADHD-related effects at the nodal level in relation to local efficiency and clustering. The affected nodes included superior occipital, supramarginal, superior temporal, inferior parietal, angular and inferior frontal gyri, as well as putamen, thalamus and posterior cerebellum. Lower local efficiency of left superior temporal and supramarginal gyri was associated with higher ADHD symptom scores. Also greater local clustering of right putamen and lower local clustering of left supramarginal gyrus correlated with ADHD symptom severity. Overall, the findings indicate preserved global but altered local network organization in adult ADHD implicating regions underpinning putative ADHD-related neuropsychological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Sidlauskaite
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Parade, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent B-9000, Belgium ; Developmental Brain-Behaviour Unit, Psychology, University of Southampton, Shackleton Building (B44), Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Roeyers
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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Jansen JM, van Holst RJ, van den Brink W, Veltman DJ, Caan MWA, Goudriaan AE. Brain function during cognitive flexibility and white matter integrity in alcohol-dependent patients, problematic drinkers and healthy controls. Addict Biol 2015; 20:979-89. [PMID: 25477246 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility has been associated with prefrontal white matter (WM) integrity in healthy controls (HCs), showing that lower WM integrity is associated with worse performance. Although both cognitive flexibility and WM integrity have been found to be aberrant in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients, the relationship between the two has never been tested. In this study, we investigated the association between WM tract density and cognitive flexibility in patients with AD (n = 26) and HCs (n = 22). In order to assess the influence of AD severity, we also included a group of problematic drinkers (PrDs; n = 23) who did not meet the AD criteria. Behavioral responses and brain activity during a cognitive flexibility task were measured during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Probabilistic fiber tracking was performed between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia; two crucial regions for task switching. Finally, the task-related functional connectivity between these areas was assessed. There were no significant group differences in the task performance. However, compared with HCs, AD patients and PrDs showed decreased WM integrity and increased prefrontal brain activation during task switching. Evidence is presented for a compensatory mechanism, involving recruitment of additional prefrontal resources in order to compensate for WM and neural function impairments in AD patients and PrDs. Although present in both alcohol groups, the PrDs were more successful in invoking this compensatory mechanism when compared to the AD patients. We propose that this may therefore serve as a protective factor, precluding transition from problematic drinking into alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem M. Jansen
- Academic Medical Centre; Department of Psychiatry; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research; The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J. van Holst
- Academic Medical Centre; Department of Psychiatry; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research; The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Cognition, Brain and Behaviour; Radboud University; The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology; Radboud University Medical Centre; The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Academic Medical Centre; Department of Psychiatry; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research; The Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Academic Medical Centre; Department of Psychiatry; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research; The Netherlands
- VU University Medical Center; The Netherlands
| | - Matthan W. A. Caan
- Academic Medical Centre; Department of Radiology; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Academic Medical Centre; Department of Psychiatry; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research; The Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health; The Netherlands
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Dimatelis JJ, Hsieh JH, Sterley TL, Marais L, Womersley JS, Vlok M, Russell VA. Impaired Energy Metabolism and Disturbed Dopamine and Glutamate Signalling in the Striatum and Prefrontal Cortex of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Model of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:696-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chachua T, Goletiani C, Maglakelidze G, Sidyelyeva G, Daniel M, Morris E, Miller J, Shang E, Wolgemuth DJ, Greenberg DA, Velíšková J, Velíšek L. Sex-specific behavioral traits in the Brd2 mouse model of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:702-12. [PMID: 25130458 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic generalized epilepsy represents about 30-35% of all epilepsies in humans. The bromodomain BRD2 gene has been repeatedly associated with the subsyndrome of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Our previous work determined that mice haploinsufficient in Brd2 (Brd2+/-) have increased susceptibility to provoked seizures, develop spontaneous seizures and have significantly decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) markers in the direct basal ganglia pathway as well as in the neocortex and superior colliculus. Here, we tested male and female Brd2+/- and wild-type littermate mice in a battery of behavioral tests (open field, tube dominance test, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze and Barnes maze) to identify whether Brd2 haploinsufficiency is associated with the human behavioral patterns, the so-called JME personality. Brd2+/- females but not males consistently displayed decreased anxiety. Furthermore, we found a highly significant dominance trait (aggression) in the Brd2+/- mice compared with the wild type, more pronounced in females. Brd2+/- mice of either sex did not differ from wild-type mice in spatial learning and memory tests. Compared with wild-type littermates, we found decreased numbers of GABA neurons in the basolateral amygdala, which is consistent with the increase in aggressive behavior. Our results indicate that Brd2+/- haploinsufficient mice show no cognitive impairment but have behavioral traits similar to those found in patients with JME (recklessness, aggression). This suggests that either the BRD2 gene is directly responsible for influencing many traits of JME or it controls upstream regulators of individual phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chachua
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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