1
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Rigato S, De Sepulveda R, Richardson E, Filippetti ML. This is me! Neural correlates of self-recognition in 6- to 8-month-old infants. Child Dev 2024. [PMID: 38613367 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Historically, evidence of self-recognition in development has been associated with the "rouge test"; however, this has been often criticized for providing a reductionist picture of self-conscious behavior. With two event-related potential (ERP) experiments, this study investigated the origin of self-recognition. Six- to eight-month-old infants (42 males and 35 females, predominately White, tested in the UK in 2022-2023) were presented with images of their face, another peer's face, and their mother's face (N = 38, Exp.1), and images of their own face morphed into another peer's face (N = 39, Exp.2). Results showed an enhanced P100 in infants' ERP response to their own face compared to others' faces (Exp.1 only), suggesting the presence of an enhanced attentional mechanism to one own's face as early as 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rigato
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Rita De Sepulveda
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Eleanor Richardson
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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2
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Peykarjou S, Hoehl S, Pauen S. The development of visual categorization based on high-level cues. Child Dev 2024; 95:e122-e138. [PMID: 37787438 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the development of rapid visual object categorization. N = 20 adults (Experiment 1), N = 21 five to six-year-old children (Experiment 2), and N = 140 four-, seven-, and eleven-month-old infants (Experiment 3; all predominantly White, 81 females, data collected in 2013-2020) participated in a fast periodic visual stimulation electroencephalographic task. Similar categorization of animal and furniture stimuli emerged in children and adults, with responses much reduced by phase-scrambling (R2 = .34-.73). Categorization was observed from 4 months, but only at 11 months, high-level cues enhanced performance (R2 = .11). Thus, first signs of rapid categorization were evident from 4 months, but similar categorization patterns as in adults were recorded only from 11 months on.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Hoehl
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Pauen
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Yasoda-Mohan A, Vanneste S. Development, Insults and Predisposing Factors of the Brain's Predictive Coding System to Chronic Perceptual Disorders-A Life-Course Examination. Brain Sci 2024; 14:86. [PMID: 38248301 PMCID: PMC10813926 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The predictive coding theory is currently widely accepted as the theoretical basis of perception and chronic perceptual disorders are explained as the maladaptive compensation of the brain to a prediction error. Although this gives us a general framework to work with, it is still not clear who may be more susceptible and/or vulnerable to aberrations in this system. In this paper, we study changes in predictive coding through the lens of tinnitus and pain. We take a step back to understand how the predictive coding system develops from infancy, what are the different neural and bio markers that characterise this system in the acute, transition and chronic phases and what may be the factors that pose a risk to the aberration of this system. Through this paper, we aim to identify people who may be at a higher risk of developing chronic perceptual disorders as a reflection of aberrant predictive coding, thereby giving future studies more facets to incorporate in their investigation of early markers of tinnitus, pain and other disorders of predictive coding. We therefore view this paper to encourage the thinking behind the development of preclinical biomarkers to maladaptive predictive coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Yasoda-Mohan
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland;
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland;
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland
- Lab for Clinical & Integrative Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R123 Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Xie S, Hoehl S, Moeskops M, Kayhan E, Kliesch C, Turtleton B, Köster M, Cichy RM. Visual category representations in the infant brain. Curr Biol 2022; 32:5422-5432.e6. [PMID: 36455560 PMCID: PMC9796816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Visual categorization is a human core cognitive capacity1,2 that depends on the development of visual category representations in the infant brain.3,4,5,6,7 However, the exact nature of infant visual category representations and their relationship to the corresponding adult form remains unknown.8 Our results clarify the nature of visual category representations from electroencephalography (EEG) data in 6- to 8-month-old infants and their developmental trajectory toward adult maturity in the key characteristics of temporal dynamics,2,9 representational format,10,11,12 and spectral properties.13,14 Temporal dynamics change from slowly emerging, developing representations in infants to quickly emerging, complex representations in adults. Despite those differences, infants and adults already partly share visual category representations. The format of infants' representations is visual features of low to intermediate complexity, whereas adults' representations also encode high-complexity features. Theta band activity contributes to visual category representations in infants, and these representations are shifted to the alpha/beta band in adults. Together, we reveal the developmental neural basis of visual categorization in humans, show how information transmission channels change in development, and demonstrate the power of advanced multivariate analysis techniques in infant EEG research for theory building in developmental cognitive science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Xie
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee, Berlin 14195, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Stefanie Hoehl
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse, Wien 1010, Austria,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Merle Moeskops
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ezgi Kayhan
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Kliesch
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bert Turtleton
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Moritz Köster
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee, Berlin 14195, Germany,Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Radoslaw M. Cichy
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee, Berlin 14195, Germany,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden, 10099 Berlin, Germany,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz, 10117 Berlin, Germany,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden, 10099 Berlin, Germany,Corresponding author
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5
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Wu R, Kurum E, Ahmed C, Sain D, Aslin RN. Categorization in infancy based on novelty and co-occurrence. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 62:101510. [PMID: 33291063 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
categories (i.e., groups of objects that do not share perceptual features, such as food) abound in everyday situations. The present looking time study investigated whether infants are able to distinguish between two abstract categories (food and toys), and how this ability may extend beyond perceived information by manipulating object familiarity in several ways. Test trials displayed 1) the exact familiarized objects paired as they were during familiarization, 2) a cross-pairing of these same familiar objects, 3) novel objects in the same category as the familiarized items, or 4) novel objects in a different category. Compared to the most familiar test trial (i.e., Familiar Category, Familiar Objects, Familiar Pairings), infants looked longer to all other test trials. Although there was a linear increase in looking time with increased novelty of the test trials (i.e., Novel Category as the most novel test trial), the looking times did not differ significantly between the Novel Category and Familiar Category, Unfamiliar Objects trials. This study contributes to our understanding of how infants form object categories based on object familiarity, object co-occurrence, and information abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, United States.
| | - Esra Kurum
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Claire Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Debaleena Sain
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, United States
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6
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Bayet L, Zinszer BD, Reilly E, Cataldo JK, Pruitt Z, Cichy RM, Nelson CA, Aslin RN. Temporal dynamics of visual representations in the infant brain. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100860. [PMID: 32932205 PMCID: PMC7498752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tools from computational neuroscience have facilitated the investigation of the neural correlates of mental representations. However, access to the representational content of neural activations early in life has remained limited. We asked whether patterns of neural activity elicited by complex visual stimuli (animals, human body) could be decoded from EEG data gathered from 12-15-month-old infants and adult controls. We assessed pairwise classification accuracy at each time-point after stimulus onset, for individual infants and adults. Classification accuracies rose above chance in both groups, within 500 ms. In contrast to adults, neural representations in infants were not linearly separable across visual domains. Representations were similar within, but not across, age groups. These findings suggest a developmental reorganization of visual representations between the second year of life and adulthood and provide a promising proof-of-concept for the feasibility of decoding EEG data within-subject to assess how the infant brain dynamically represents visual objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Bayet
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
| | - Benjamin D Zinszer
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA; Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Emily Reilly
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Zoe Pruitt
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Radoslaw M Cichy
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Graduate School of Education, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Richard N Aslin
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Psychological Sciences Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Yale Child Study Center, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
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7
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The development of categorisation and conceptual thinking in early childhood: methods and limitations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 33:17. [PMID: 32700155 PMCID: PMC7377002 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-020-00154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a systematic and qualitative review of academic literature on early conceptual development (0–24 months of age), with an emphasis on methodological aspects. The final sample of our review included 281 studies reported in 115 articles. The main aims of the article were four: first, to organise studies into sets according to methodological similarities and differences; second, to elaborate on the methodological procedures that characterise each set; third, to circumscribe the empirical indicators that different sets of studies consider as proof of the existence of concepts in early childhood; last, to identify methodological limitations and to propose possible ways to overcome them. We grouped the studies into five sets: preference and habituation experiments, category extension tasks, object sorting tasks, sequential touching tasks and object examination tasks. In the “Results” section, we review the core features of each set of studies. In the “Discussion” and “Conclusions” sections, we describe, for one thing, the most relevant methodological shortcomings. We end by arguing that a situated, semiotic and pragmatic perspective that emphasises the importance of ecological validity could open up new avenues of research to better understand the development of concepts in early childhood.
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8
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Rekow D, Leleu A, Poncet F, Damon F, Rossion B, Durand K, Schaal B, Baudouin JY. Categorization of objects and faces in the infant brain and its sensitivity to maternal odor: further evidence for the role of intersensory congruency in perceptual development. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Audio-visual priming in 7-month-old infants: An ERP study. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 58:101411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Hartkopf J, Moser J, Schleger F, Preissl H, Keune J. Changes in event-related brain responses and habituation during child development - A systematic literature review. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:2238-2254. [PMID: 31711004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review highlights the influence of developmental changes of the central nervous system on habituation assessment during child development. Therefore, studies on age dependant changes in event-related brain responses as well as studies on behavioural and neurophysiological habituation during child development are compiled and discussed. METHODS Two PubMed searches with terms "(development evoked brain response (fetus OR neonate OR children) (electroencephalography OR magnetoencephalography))" and with terms "(psychology habituation (fetal OR neonate OR children) (human brain))" were performed to identify studies on developmental changes in event-related brain responses as well as habituation studies during child development. RESULTS Both search results showed a wide diversity of subjects' ages, stimulation protocols and examined behaviour or components of event-related brain responses as well as a demand for more longitudinal study designs. CONCLUSIONS A conclusive statement about clear developmental trends in event-related brain responses or in neurophysiological habituation studies is difficult to draw. Future studies should implement longitudinal designs, combination of behavioural and neurophysiological habituation measurement and more complex habituation paradigms to assess several habituation criteria. SIGNIFICANCE This review emphasizes that event-related brain responses underlie certain changes during child development which should be more considered in the context of neurophysiological habituation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hartkopf
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Julia Moser
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schleger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jana Keune
- fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Hohe Warte 8, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany.
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11
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Kayhan E, Meyer M, O'Reilly JX, Hunnius S, Bekkering H. Nine-month-old infants update their predictive models of a changing environment. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 38:100680. [PMID: 31357079 PMCID: PMC6969335 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans generate internal models of their environment to predict events in the world. As the environments change, our brains adjust to these changes by updating their internal models. Here, we investigated whether and how 9-month-old infants differentially update their models to represent a dynamic environment. Infants observed a predictable sequence of stimuli, which were interrupted by two types of cues. Following the update cue, the pattern was altered, thus, infants were expected to update their predictions for the upcoming stimuli. Because the pattern remained the same after the no-update cue, no subsequent updating was required. Infants showed an amplified negative central (Nc) response when the predictable sequence was interrupted. Late components such as the PSW were also evoked in response to unexpected stimuli; however, we found no evidence for a differential response to the informational value of surprising cues at later stages of processing. Infants rather learned that surprising cues always signal a change in the environment that requires updating. Interestingly, infants responded with an amplified neural response to the absence of an expected change, suggesting a top-down modulation of early sensory processing in infants. Our findings corroborate emerging evidence showing that infants build predictive models early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kayhan
- University of Potsdam, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany.
| | - M Meyer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany
| | - J X O'Reilly
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany
| | - S Hunnius
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany
| | - H Bekkering
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany
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12
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Riggins T, Scott LS. P300 development from infancy to adolescence. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13346. [PMID: 30793775 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of P300 research from infancy through adolescence. First, a brief historical overview is provided highlighting seminal studies that began exploration of the P300 component in developmental groups. Overall, these studies suggest that the P300 can be detected in children and appears to reflect similar cognitive processes to those in adults; however, it is significantly delayed in its latency to peak. Second, two striking findings from developmental research are the lack of a clear P300 component in infancy and differential electrophysiological responses to novel, unexpected stimuli in children, adolescents, and adults. Third, contemporary questions are described, which include P300-like components in infancy, alteration of P300 in atypically developing groups, relations between P300 and behavior, individual differences of P300, and neural substrates of P300 across development. Finally, we conclude with comments regarding the power of a developmental perspective and suggestions for important issues that should be addressed in the next 50 years of P300 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Lisa S Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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13
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White H, Jubran R, Chroust A, Heck A, Bhatt RS. Dichotomous Perception of Animal Categories in Infancy. VISUAL COGNITION 2018; 26:764-779. [PMID: 31447601 PMCID: PMC6707735 DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2018.1553811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although there is a wealth of knowledge on categorization early in life, there are still many unanswered questions about the nature of category representation in infancy. For example, it is unclear whether infants are sensitive to boundaries between complex categories, such as types of animals, or whether young infants exhibit such sensitivity without explicit experience in the lab. Using a morphing technique, we linearly altered the category composition of images and measured 6.5-month-olds' attention to pairs of animal faces that either did or did not cross the categorical boundary, with the stimuli in each pair being equally dissimilar from one another across the two types of image pairs. Results indicated that infants dichotomize the continua between cats and dogs and between cows and otters, but only when the images are presented in their canonical, upright orientations. These findings demonstrate a propensity to dichotomize early in life that could have implications for social categorizations, such as race and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah White
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044,
| | - Rachel Jubran
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044,
| | - Alyson Chroust
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044,
| | - Alison Heck
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044,
| | - Ramesh S Bhatt
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044,
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14
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Peykarjou S, Hoehl S, Pauen S, Rossion B. Rapid Categorization of Human and Ape Faces in 9-Month-Old Infants Revealed by Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12526. [PMID: 28970508 PMCID: PMC5624891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates categorization of human and ape faces in 9-month-olds using a Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation (FPVS) paradigm while measuring EEG. Categorization responses are elicited only if infants discriminate between different categories and generalize across exemplars within each category. In study 1, human or ape faces were presented as standard and deviant stimuli in upright and inverted trials. Upright ape faces presented among humans elicited strong categorization responses, whereas responses for upright human faces and for inverted ape faces were smaller. Deviant inverted human faces did not elicit categorization. Data were best explained by a model with main effects of species and orientation. However, variance of low-level image characteristics was higher for the ape than the human category. Variance was matched to replicate this finding in an independent sample (study 2). Both human and ape faces elicited categorization in upright and inverted conditions, but upright ape faces elicited the strongest responses. Again, data were best explained by a model of two main effects. These experiments demonstrate that 9-month-olds rapidly categorize faces, and unfamiliar faces presented among human faces elicit increased categorization responses. This likely reflects habituation for the familiar standard category, and stronger release for the unfamiliar category deviants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Peykarjou
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Face Categorization Lab, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Stefanie Hoehl
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabina Pauen
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Face Categorization Lab, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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15
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Michel C, Kaduk K, Ní Choisdealbha Á, Reid VM. Event-related potentials discriminate familiar and unusual goal outcomes in 5-month-olds and adults. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:1833-1843. [PMID: 28805436 PMCID: PMC5611762 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous event-related potential (ERP) work has indicated that the neural processing of action sequences develops with age. Although adults and 9-month-olds use a semantic processing system, perceiving actions activates attentional processes in 7-month-olds. However, presenting a sequence of action context, action execution and action conclusion could challenge infants' developing working memory capacities. A shortened stimulus presentation of a highly familiar action, presenting only the action conclusion of an eating action, may therefore enable semantic processing in even younger infants. The present study examined neural correlates of the processing of expected and unexpected action conclusions in adults and infants at 5 months of age. We analyzed ERP components reflecting semantic processing (N400), attentional processes (negative central in infants; P1, N2 in adults) and the infant positive slow wave (PSW), a marker of familiarity. In infants, the PSW was enhanced on left frontal channels in response to unexpected as compared to the expected outcomes. We did not find differences between conditions in ERP waves reflecting semantic processing or overt attentional mechanisms. In adults, in addition to differences in attentional processes on the P1 and the N2, an N400 occurred only in response to the unexpected action outcome, suggesting semantic processing taking place even without a complete action sequence being present. Results indicate that infants are already sensitive to differences in action outcomes, although the underlying mechanism which is based on familiarity is relatively rudimentary when contrasted with adults. This finding points toward different cognitive mechanisms being involved in action processing during development. (PsycINFO Database Record
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16
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Peykarjou S, Wissner J, Pauen S. Categorical ERP repetition effects for human and furniture items in 7-month-old infants. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Wissner
- Department of Psychology; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sabina Pauen
- Department of Psychology; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
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The development of category specificity in infancy – What can we learn from electrophysiology? Neuropsychologia 2016; 83:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pauen S, Birgit T, Hoehl S, Bechtel S. Show Me the World: Object Categorization and Socially Guided Object Learning in Infancy. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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