1
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Wang L, Sheng J, Duan S, Lin S, Li Y, Li Z, Li S, Sataer Y, Chen J. How Society Anxiety Influences Attention Control in College Students: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Cognitive Flexibility and Resting-state Electroencephalography Activity. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:327-339. [PMID: 38060259 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety is a prevalent issue among college students, adversely affecting their overall well-being. Drawing from the cognitive model of social anxiety and attention control theory, heightened levels of social anxiety may correspond to poorer attention control ability. However, little is known about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of the relationship between social anxiety and attention control. To address this research gap, the current study recruited a sample of 156 college students (56 women) who underwent self-report measures of social anxiety, cognitive flexibility, and attention control, followed by a resting-state EEG recording. The results revealed a significant negative predictive effect of social anxiety on attention control, with cognitive flexibility partially mediating this relationship. Furthermore, resting-state theta power emerged as a significant moderator, accentuating the negative impact of social anxiety on cognitive flexibility among individuals with lower theta power. In addition, frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) demonstrated a moderating effect, with lower FAA intensifying the predictive influence of cognitive flexibility on attention control. Taken together, these results suggested that social anxiety can predict attention control either directly or indirectly via the mediating role of cognitive flexibility, and lower theta power and FAA has a risk amplification effect, which provide novel insights into the treatment and prevention of social anxiety and its negative impact on college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- South China Normal University
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhe Li
- South China Normal University
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2
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Thuwal K, Banerjee A, Roy D. Aperiodic and Periodic Components of Ongoing Oscillatory Brain Dynamics Link Distinct Functional Aspects of Cognition across Adult Lifespan. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0224-21.2021. [PMID: 34544762 PMCID: PMC8547598 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0224-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transmission in the brain propagates via distinct oscillatory frequency bands but the aperiodic component, 1/f activity, almost always co-exists which most of the previous studies have not sufficiently taken into consideration. We used a recently proposed parameterization model that delimits the oscillatory and aperiodic components of neural dynamics on lifespan aging data collected from human participants using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Since healthy aging underlines an enormous change in local tissue properties, any systematic relationship of 1/f activity would highlight their impact on the self-organized critical functional states. Furthermore, we have used patterns of correlation between aperiodic background and metrics of behavior to understand the domain general effects of 1/f activity. We suggest that age-associated global change in 1/f baseline alters the functional critical states of the brain affecting the global information processing impacting critically all aspects of cognition, e.g., metacognitive awareness, speed of retrieval of memory, cognitive load, and accuracy of recall through adult lifespan. This alteration in 1/f crucially impacts the oscillatory features peak frequency (PF) and band power ratio, which relates to more local processing and selective functional aspects of cognitive processing during the visual short-term memory (VSTM) task. In summary, this study leveraging on big lifespan data for the first time tracks the cross-sectional lifespan-associated periodic and aperiodic dynamical changes in the resting state to demonstrate how normative patterns of 1/f activity, PF, and band ratio (BR) measures provide distinct functional insights about the cognitive decline through adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Thuwal
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Arpan Banerjee
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Dipanjan Roy
- Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
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3
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Vallesi A. The Quest for Hemispheric Asymmetries Supporting and Predicting Executive Functioning. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:1679-1697. [PMID: 33135967 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review addresses the neural bases of two executive functions: criterion setting, that is, the capacity to flexibly set up and select task rules and associations between stimuli, responses, and nonresponses, and monitoring, that is, the process of continuously evaluating whether task rules are being applied optimally. There is a documented tendency for criterion setting and monitoring to differentially recruit left and right lateral prefrontal regions and connected networks, respectively, above and beyond the specific task context. This model, known as the ROtman-Baycrest Battery to Investigate Attention (ROBBIA) model, initially sprung from extensive neuropsychological work led by Don Stuss. In subsequent years, multimodal lines of empirical investigation on both healthy individuals and patients with brain damage, coming from functional neuroimaging, EEG, neurostimulation, individual difference approaches, and, again, neuropsychology, so to "complete the circle," corroborated the functional mapping across the two hemispheres as predicted by the model. More recent electrophysiological evidence has further shown that hemispheric differences in intrinsic prefrontal dynamics are able to predict cognitive performance in tasks tapping these domain-general functions. These empirical contributions will be presented together with contrasting evidence, limits, and possible future directions to better fine-tune this model and extend its scope to new fields.
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4
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Clements GM, Bowie DC, Gyurkovics M, Low KA, Fabiani M, Gratton G. Spontaneous Alpha and Theta Oscillations Are Related to Complementary Aspects of Cognitive Control in Younger and Older Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:621620. [PMID: 33841114 PMCID: PMC8025241 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.621620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The resting-state human electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum is dominated by alpha (8-12 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) oscillations, and also includes non-oscillatory broadband activity inversely related to frequency (1/f activity). Gratton proposed that alpha and theta oscillations are both related to cognitive control function, though in a complementary manner. Alpha activity is hypothesized to facilitate the maintenance of representations, such as task sets in preparation for expected task conditions. In contrast, theta activity would facilitate changes in representations, such as the updating of task sets in response to unpredicted task demands. Therefore, theta should be related to reactive control (which may prompt changes in task representations), while alpha may be more relevant to proactive control (which implies the maintenance of current task representations). Less is known about the possible relationship between 1/f activity and cognitive control, which was analyzed here in an exploratory fashion. To investigate these hypothesized relationships, we recorded eyes-open and eyes-closed resting-state EEG from younger and older adults and subsequently tested their performance on a cued flanker task, expected to elicit both proactive and reactive control processes. Results showed that alpha power and 1/f offset were smaller in older than younger adults, whereas theta power did not show age-related reductions. Resting alpha power and 1/f offset were associated with proactive control processes, whereas theta power was related to reactive control as measured by the cued flanker task. All associations were present over and above the effect of age, suggesting that these resting-state EEG correlates could be indicative of trait-like individual differences in cognitive control performance, which may be already evident in younger adults, and are still similarly present in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Clements
- Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Psychology Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Daniel C Bowie
- Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Psychology Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Mate Gyurkovics
- Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Kathy A Low
- Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Psychology Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Psychology Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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5
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Bakun Emesh T, Garbi D, Kaplan A, Zelicha H, Yaskolka Meir A, Tsaban G, Rinott E, Meiran N. Retest Reliability of Integrated Speed-Accuracy Measures. Assessment 2021; 29:717-730. [PMID: 33522278 DOI: 10.1177/1073191120985609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive tasks borrowed from experimental psychology are often used to assess individual differences. A cardinal issue of this transition from experimental to correlational designs is reduced retest reliability of some well-established cognitive effects as well as speed-accuracy trade-off. The present study aimed to address these issues by examining the retest reliability of various methods for speed-accuracy integration and by comparing between two types of task modeling: difference scores and residual scores. Results from three studies on executive functions show that (a) integrated speed-accuracy scoring is generally more reliable as compared with nonintegrated methods: mean response time and accuracy; and (b) task modeling, especially residual scores, reduced reliability. We thus recommend integrating speed and accuracy, at least for measuring executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dror Garbi
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Gal Tsaban
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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6
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Electrophysiological Frequency Band Ratio Measures Conflate Periodic and Aperiodic Neural Activity. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0192-20.2020. [PMID: 32978216 PMCID: PMC7768281 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0192-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Band ratio measures, computed as the ratio of power between two frequency bands, are a common analysis measure in neuroelectrophysiological recordings. Band ratio measures are typically interpreted as reflecting quantitative measures of periodic, or oscillatory, activity. This assumes that the measure reflects relative powers of distinct periodic components that are well captured by predefined frequency ranges. However, electrophysiological signals contain periodic components and a 1/f-like aperiodic component, the latter of which contributes power across all frequencies. Here, we investigate whether band ratio measures truly reflect oscillatory power differences, and/or to what extent ratios may instead reflect other periodic changes, such as in center frequency or bandwidth, and/or aperiodic activity. In simulation, we investigate how band ratio measures relate to changes in multiple spectral features, and show how multiple periodic and aperiodic features influence band ratio measures. We validate these findings in human electroencephalography (EEG) data, comparing band ratio measures to parameterizations of power spectral features and find that multiple disparate features influence ratio measures. For example, the commonly applied θ/β ratio is most reflective of differences in aperiodic activity, and not oscillatory θ or β power. Collectively, we show that periodic and aperiodic features can create the same observed changes in band ratio measures, and that this is inconsistent with their typical interpretations as measures of periodic power. We conclude that band ratio measures are a non-specific measure, conflating multiple possible underlying spectral changes, and recommend explicit parameterization of neural power spectra as a more specific approach.
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7
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To the self and beyond: Arousal and functional connectivity of the temporo-parietal junction contributes to spontaneous sensations perception. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112880. [PMID: 32910970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The temporoparietal junction (TPJ), along with the anterior insula (AI) and the extrastriate body area (EBA), play a major part in embodiment and self-awareness. However, these connections also appear to be frequently engaged in arousal and attentional processing of external events. Considering that these networks may focus attention both toward and away from the self, we set to investigate how they contribute to the perception of spontaneous sensations (SPS), a common phenomenon related to self-awareness and mediated by both interoceptive and attentional processes. In Experiment 1, resting-state EEG was recorded, as well as arousal reported via a questionnaire, followed by a SPS task. Functional TPJ-AI and TPJ-EBA connectivity were computed using eLORETA. Spatial correlational analyses showed that less frequent SPS coincided with greater TPJ-AI and TPJ-EBA functional connectivity, especially in the theta and alpha frequency bands. High self-reported arousal predicted low intensity and low confidence in the location of SPS. Resting-state skin conductance level (SCL) was recorded in Experiment 2, followed by the SPS task. Less frequent SPS coincided with greater SCL. Findings are interpreted in terms of attention and self-related processes, and a discussion of the TPJ participation in self-awareness through SPS is presented.
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8
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Schneidt A, Höhnle NM, Schönenberg M. Cognitive and electrophysiological markers of adult full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 127:80-86. [PMID: 32502722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been often referred to as an executive function deficit disorder with a specific electrophysiological signature. Although previous research suggests that individuals with subthreshold symptoms also suffer from severe impairments in daily life, only few studies have investigated cognitive and neural alterations in this group. Here, we explored impairments in executive functions and their electrophysiological correlates in a sample of adults with full syndrome (N = 113) and subthreshold (N = 46) ADHD compared to controls (N = 42). Results suggest that adults with full syndrome ADHD exhibit more executive function deficits than controls, while there were no electrophysiological differences found between groups. Also, we observed only small differences in neuropsychological variables between subthreshold ADHD and controls and no evidence for altered neural activity in the resting state. While subthreshold ADHD was not associated with altered executive functions or abnormal electrophysiological activity, this group reported significant psychological impairments and comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schneidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nina Maria Höhnle
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schönenberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Mind your privacy: Privacy leakage through BCI applications using machine learning methods. Knowl Based Syst 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2020.105932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Right-lateralized intrinsic brain dynamics predict monitoring abilities. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:294-308. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Luo W, Zhou R. Can Working Memory Task-Related EEG Biomarkers Measure Fluid Intelligence and Predict Academic Achievement in Healthy Children? Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:2. [PMID: 32038192 PMCID: PMC6987418 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Educational psychology research has linked fluid intelligence (Gf) with working memory (WM), but it is still dubious whether electroencephalography (EEG) markers robustly indicate Gf. This study addresses this issue and notes the relationship between WM task-related EEG markers with Gf and academic performance. Method A sample of 62 healthy children between the ages of 9 and 12 years was selected to perform three tasks: (1) Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) test to assess Gf; (2) 2-back task to assess central executive system (CES); and (3) delayed match-to-sample task to assess short-term storage. These subjects were divided into high ability (HA) and low ability (LA) groups based on their RSPM scores. Support vector machine and logistic regression were used to train the EEG candidate indicators. A multiple regression was used to predict children’s academic performance using P3 amplitude, P2 latency, and θ-ERS. Results Behavioral results demonstrated that the correct rate of the HA group is higher than that of the LA group. The event-related potential results of the 2-back task showed that the P3 amplitude of the HA group was relatively larger and that the P2 latency was shorter than that observed in the LA group. For the delayed matching to sample task, the θ-ERS of the LA group was higher than that of the HA group. However, the area under the curve of these three indicators for Gf was < 0.75 for each and < 0.85 for the combined indicators. In predicting academic performance, only P3 amplitude showed a significant effect. Conclusion These results challenge previous findings, which reported that P3, P2, or theta power might be used in standard psychometric tests to assess an individual’s intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Bregman-Hai N, Kessler Y, Soffer-Dudek N. Who wrote that? Automaticity and reduced sense of agency in individuals prone to dissociative absorption. Conscious Cogn 2019; 78:102861. [PMID: 31887532 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dissociative absorption (DA) is a tendency to become completely immersed in a stimulus while neglecting to attend to one's surroundings. Theoretically, DA implies automatic functioning in areas that are outside the focus of attention. This study examined whether high absorbers indeed act more automatically, i.e., with decreased meta-consciousness for, and therefore poor memory of, their own actions, along with reduced sense of agency (SoA). High and low absorbers (N = 63) performed three DA-promoting tasks: choice-reaction time (CRT), Tetris, and free writing. Participants were tested on memory of task details and self-reported their state SoA. As hypothesized, trait DA was correlated with impaired autobiographical memory for self-generated writing. However, DA was not related to episodic memory disruptions in externally-generated content tasks (Tetris, CRT). In most tasks, DA was associated with decreased SoA. Absorbers' specific difficulty in identifying self-generated content suggests that their memory failures stem from reduced accessibility to self-actions and intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Bregman-Hai
- The Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Yoav Kessler
- The Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Nirit Soffer-Dudek
- The Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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13
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Gordon S, Todder D, Deutsch I, Garbi D, Alkobi O, Shriki O, Shkedy-Rabani A, Shahar N, Meiran N. Effects of neurofeedback and working memory-combined training on executive functions in healthy young adults. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 84:1586-1609. [PMID: 31053887 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the interest in improving executive functions, the present study examines a promising combination of two training techniques: neurofeedback training (NFT) and working memory training (WMT). NFT targeted increasing the amplitude of individual's upper Alpha frequency band at the parietal midline scalp location (Pz), and WMT consisted of an established computerized protocol with working memory updating and set-shifting components. Healthy participants (n = 140) were randomly allocated to five combinations of training, including visual search training used as an active control training for the WMT; all five groups were compared to a sixth silent control group receiving no training. All groups were evaluated before and after training for resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral executive function measures. The participants in the silent control group were unaware of this procedure, and received one of the training protocols only after study has ended. Results demonstrated significant improvement in the practice tasks in all training groups including non-specific influence of NFT on resting-state EEG spectral topography. There was only a near transfer effect (improvement in working memory task) for WMT, which remained significant in the delayed post-test (after 1 month), in comparison to silent control group but not in comparison to active control training group. The NFT + WMT combined group showed improved mental rotation ability both in the post-training and in the follow-up evaluations. This improvement, however, did not differ significantly from that in the silent control group. We conclude that the current training protocols, including their combination, have very limited influence on the executive functions that were assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Gordon
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beersheba, Israel. .,IDF Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Doron Todder
- Mental Health Center, Beer Sheva, Ministry of Health, Beersheba, Zlotowski, Israel.,Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | | | - Dror Garbi
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beersheba, Israel.,IDF Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Oren Alkobi
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Oren Shriki
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Anat Shkedy-Rabani
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Nitzan Shahar
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Nachshon Meiran
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beersheba, Israel
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14
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Leave everything to the imagination: Cognitive functioning of individuals high in dissociative absorption and imaginative involvement. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Sun MK. Executive functioning: perspectives on neurotrophic activity and pharmacology. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 29:592-604. [PMID: 30179884 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Executive functioning is a high-level cognitive ability, regulating other abilities and behaviors to achieve desired goals. A typical executive task can be defined as the capacity to maintain one's attention on the current task, that is, responding only to the correct but not to distractive stimuli. Impairments of executive functions, or executive dysfunctions, have a growing impact on everyday life and academic achievement and are usually an early feature, and one of the core features, in brain injury and memory and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that memory therapeutics cannot achieve their clinical benefits in cognition if executive dysfunction is not effectively and simultaneously treated. Improvement of executive functions might be achieved through targeting some signaling pathways in the brain, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathways. These agents may be useful either as stand-alone interventions for patients with executive dysfunction and/or psychiatric and memory disorders or as essential adjuncts to drugs that target the underlying pathology in various brain injury and memory and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Kun Sun
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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16
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Soffer‐Dudek N, Todder D, Shelef L, Deutsch I, Gordon S. A neural correlate for common trait dissociation: Decreased EEG connectivity is related to dissociative absorption. J Pers 2018; 87:295-309. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Doron Todder
- Mental Health Center, Ministry of HealthBeer‐Sheva Israel
- Zlotowski Center for NeuroscienceBen‐Gurion University of the Negev
| | - Leah Shelef
- Israel Defense Force Medical CorpsTel Hashomer Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Inbal Deutsch
- Israel Defense Force Medical CorpsTel Hashomer Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Shirley Gordon
- Department of PsychologyBen‐Gurion University of the Negev
- Israel Defense Force Medical CorpsTel Hashomer Ramat‐Gan Israel
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