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Kelemen K, Szilágyi T. New Approach for Untangling the Role of Uncommon Calcium-Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System. Brain Sci 2021. [PMID: 34069107 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050634ht] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ca2+ ion plays an essential role in cellular physiology, calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) were long used for mainly as immunohistochemical markers of specific cell types in different regions of the central nervous system. They are a heterogeneous and wide-ranging group of proteins. Their function was studied intensively in the last two decades and a tremendous amount of information was gathered about them. Girard et al. compiled a comprehensive list of the gene-expression profiles of the entire EF-hand gene superfamily in the murine brain. We selected from this database those CaBPs which are related to information processing and/or neuronal signalling, have a Ca2+-buffer activity, Ca2+-sensor activity, modulator of Ca2+-channel activity, or a yet unknown function. In this way we created a gene function-based selection of the CaBPs. We cross-referenced these findings with publicly available, high-quality RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization databases (Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Brain RNA-seq database and Allen Brain Atlas integrated into the HPA) and created gene expression heat maps of the regional and cell type-specific expression levels of the selected CaBPs. This represents a useful tool to predict and investigate different expression patterns and functions of the less-known CaBPs of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Tibor Szilágyi
- Department of Physiology, Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Kelemen K, Szilágyi T. New Approach for Untangling the Role of Uncommon Calcium-Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050634. [PMID: 34069107 PMCID: PMC8156796 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ca2+ ion plays an essential role in cellular physiology, calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) were long used for mainly as immunohistochemical markers of specific cell types in different regions of the central nervous system. They are a heterogeneous and wide-ranging group of proteins. Their function was studied intensively in the last two decades and a tremendous amount of information was gathered about them. Girard et al. compiled a comprehensive list of the gene-expression profiles of the entire EF-hand gene superfamily in the murine brain. We selected from this database those CaBPs which are related to information processing and/or neuronal signalling, have a Ca2+-buffer activity, Ca2+-sensor activity, modulator of Ca2+-channel activity, or a yet unknown function. In this way we created a gene function-based selection of the CaBPs. We cross-referenced these findings with publicly available, high-quality RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization databases (Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Brain RNA-seq database and Allen Brain Atlas integrated into the HPA) and created gene expression heat maps of the regional and cell type-specific expression levels of the selected CaBPs. This represents a useful tool to predict and investigate different expression patterns and functions of the less-known CaBPs of the central nervous system.
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3
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Ames JB. Dimerization of Neuronal Calcium Sensor Proteins. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:397. [PMID: 30450035 PMCID: PMC6224351 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins are EF-hand containing Ca2+ binding proteins that regulate sensory signal transduction. Many NCS proteins (recoverin, GCAPs, neurocalcin and visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP1)) form functional dimers under physiological conditions. The dimeric NCS proteins have similar amino acid sequences (50% homology) but each bind to and regulate very different physiological targets. Retinal recoverin binds to rhodopsin kinase and promotes Ca2+-dependent desensitization of light-excited rhodopsin during visual phototransduction. The guanylyl cyclase activating proteins (GCAP1–5) each bind and activate retinal guanylyl cyclases (RetGCs) in light-adapted photoreceptors. VILIP1 binds to membrane targets that modulate neuronal secretion. Here, I review atomic-level structures of dimeric forms of recoverin, GCAPs and VILIP1. The distinct dimeric structures in each case suggest that NCS dimerization may play a role in modulating specific target recognition. The dimerization of recoverin and VILIP1 is Ca2+-dependent and enhances their membrane-targeting Ca2+-myristoyl switch function. The dimerization of GCAP1 and GCAP2 facilitate their binding to dimeric RetGCs and may allosterically control the Ca2+-dependent activation of RetGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Recabarren-Leiva D, Alarcón M. New insights into the gene expression associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Life Sci 2018; 193:110-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Three neurodegenerative diseases [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)] have many characteristics like pathological mechanisms and genes. In this sense some researchers postulate that these diseases share the same alterations and that one alteration in a specific protein triggers one of these diseases. Analyses of gene expression may shed more light on how to discover pathways, pathologic mechanisms associated with the disease, biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we analyze four microarrays related to three neurodegenerative diseases. We will systematically examine seven genes (CHN1, MDH1, PCP4, RTN1, SLC14A1, SNAP25 and VSNL1) that are altered in the three neurodegenerative diseases. A network was built and used to identify pathways, miRNA and drugs associated with ALS, AD and PD using Cytoscape software an interaction network based on the protein interactions of these genes. The most important affected pathway is PI3K-Akt signalling. Thirteen microRNAs (miRNA-19B1, miRNA-107, miRNA-124-1, miRNA-124-2, miRNA-9-2, miRNA-29A, miRNA-9-3, miRNA-328, miRNA-19B2, miRNA-29B2, miRNA-124-3, miRNA-15A and miRNA-9-1) and four drugs (Estradiol, Acetaminophen, Resveratrol and Progesterone) for new possible treatments were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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6
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Kedracka-Krok S, Swiderska B, Jankowska U, Skupien-Rabian B, Solich J, Buczak K, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M. Clozapine influences cytoskeleton structure and calcium homeostasis in rat cerebral cortex and has a different proteomic profile than risperidone. J Neurochem 2015; 132:657-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry; Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Department of Structural Biology; Krakow Poland
| | - Bianka Swiderska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry; Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Department of Structural Biology; Krakow Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry; Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Department of Structural Biology; Krakow Poland
| | - Bozena Skupien-Rabian
- Department of Physical Biochemistry; Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Department of Structural Biology; Krakow Poland
| | - Joanna Solich
- Institute of Pharmacology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Krakow Poland
| | - Katarzyna Buczak
- Department of Physical Biochemistry; Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
| | - Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry; Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Krakow Poland
- Institute of Pharmacology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Krakow Poland
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Unveiling clusters of RNA transcript pairs associated with markers of Alzheimer's disease progression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45535. [PMID: 23029078 PMCID: PMC3448659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One primary goal of transcriptomic studies is identifying gene expression patterns correlating with disease progression. This is usually achieved by considering transcripts that independently pass an arbitrary threshold (e.g. p<0.05). In diseases involving severe perturbations of multiple molecular systems, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), this univariate approach often results in a large list of seemingly unrelated transcripts. We utilised a powerful multivariate clustering approach to identify clusters of RNA biomarkers strongly associated with markers of AD progression. We discuss the value of considering pairs of transcripts which, in contrast to individual transcripts, helps avoid natural human transcriptome variation that can overshadow disease-related changes. Methodology/Principal Findings We re-analysed a dataset of hippocampal transcript levels in nine controls and 22 patients with varying degrees of AD. A large-scale clustering approach determined groups of transcript probe sets that correlate strongly with measures of AD progression, including both clinical and neuropathological measures and quantifiers of the characteristic transcriptome shift from control to severe AD. This enabled identification of restricted groups of highly correlated probe sets from an initial list of 1,372 previously published by our group. We repeated this analysis on an expanded dataset that included all pair-wise combinations of the 1,372 probe sets. As clustering of this massive dataset is unfeasible using standard computational tools, we adapted and re-implemented a clustering algorithm that uses external memory algorithmic approach. This identified various pairs that strongly correlated with markers of AD progression and highlighted important biological pathways potentially involved in AD pathogenesis. Conclusions/Significance Our analyses demonstrate that, although there exists a relatively large molecular signature of AD progression, only a small number of transcripts recurrently cluster with different markers of AD progression. Furthermore, considering the relationship between two transcripts can highlight important biological relationships that are missed when considering either transcript in isolation.
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Braunewell KH. The visinin-like proteins VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 in Alzheimer's disease-old wine in new bottles. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:20. [PMID: 22375104 PMCID: PMC3284765 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal Ca2+-sensor (NCS) proteins VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 have been implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) show association of genetic variants of VILIP-1 (VSNL1) and VILIP-3 (HPCAL1) with AD+P (+psychosis) and late onset AD (LOAD), respectively. In AD brains the expression of VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 protein and mRNA is down-regulated in cortical and limbic areas. In the hippocampus, for instance, reduced VILIP-1 mRNA levels correlate with the content of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and amyloid plaques, the pathological characteristics of AD, and with the mini mental state exam (MMSE), a test for cognitive impairment. More recently, VILIP-1 was evaluated as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker and a prognostic marker for cognitive decline in AD. In CSF increased VILIP-1 levels correlate with levels of Aβ, tau, ApoE4, and reduced MMSE scores. These findings tie in with previous results showing that VILIP-1 is involved in pathological mechanisms of altered Ca2+-homeostasis leading to neuronal loss. In PC12 cells, depending on co-expression with the neuroprotective Ca2+-buffer calbindin D28K, VILIP-1 enhanced tau phosphorylation and cell death. On the other hand, VILIP-1 affects processes, such as cyclic nucleotide signaling and dendritic growth, as well as nicotinergic modulation of neuronal network activity, both of which regulate synaptic plasticity and cognition. Similar to VILIP-1, its interaction partner α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is severely reduced in AD, causing severe cognitive deficits. Comparatively little is known about VILIP-3, but its interaction with cytochrome b5, which is part of an antioxidative system impaired in AD, hint toward a role in neuroprotection. A current hypothesis is that the reduced expression of visinin-like protein (VSNLs) in AD is caused by selective vulnerability of subpopulations of neurons, leading to the death of these VILIP-1-expressing neurons, explaining its increased CSF levels. While the Ca2+-sensor appears to be a good biomarker for the detrimental effects of Aβ in AD, its early, possibly Aβ-induced, down-regulation of expression may additionally attenuate neuronal signal pathways regulating the functions of dendrites and neuroplasticity, and as a consequence, this may contribute to cognitive decline in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl H Braunewell
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham AL, USA
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9
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The expression of Visinin-like 1 during mouse embryonic development. Gene Expr Patterns 2011; 12:53-62. [PMID: 22138150 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Visinin like 1 (Vsnl1) encodes a calcium binding protein which is well conserved between species. It was originally found in the brain and its biological functions in central nervous system have been addressed in several studies. Low expression levels have also been found in some peripheral organs, but very little information is available regarding its physiological roles in non-neuronal tissues. Except for the kidney, the expression pattern of Vsnl1 mRNA and protein has not yet been addressed during embryogenesis. By in situ hybridization and immunolabeling we have extensively analyzed the expression pattern of Vsnl1 during murine development. Vsnl1 specifies the cardiac primordia and its expression becomes restricted to the atrial myocardium after heart looping. However, in the adult heart, Vsnl1 is expressed by all four cardiac chambers. It also serves as a specific marker for the cardiomyocyte-derived structures in the systemic and pulmonary circulation. Vsnl1 is dynamically expressed also by many other organs during development e.g. taste buds, cochlea, thyroid, tooth, salivary and adrenal gland. The stage specific expression pattern of Vsnl1 makes it a potentially useful marker particularly in studies of cardiac and vascular morphogenesis.
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Li C, Pan W, Braunewell KH, Ames JB. Structural analysis of Mg2+ and Ca2+ binding, myristoylation, and dimerization of the neuronal calcium sensor and visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1). J Biol Chem 2010; 286:6354-66. [PMID: 21169352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.173724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor family of Ca(2+)-myristoyl switch proteins that regulate signal transduction in the brain and retina. Here we analyze Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) binding, characterize metal-induced conformational changes, and determine structural effects of myristoylation and dimerization. Mg(2+) binds functionally to VILIP-1 at EF3 (ΔH = +1.8 kcal/mol and K(D) = 20 μM). Unmyristoylated VILIP-1 binds two Ca(2+) sequentially at EF2 and EF3 (K(EF3) = 0.1 μM and K(EF2) = 1-4 μM), whereas myristoylated VILIP-1 binds two Ca(2+) with lower affinity (K(D) = 1.2 μM) and positive cooperativity (Hill slope = 1.5). NMR assignments and structural analysis indicate that Ca(2+)-free VILIP-1 contains a sequestered myristoyl group like that of recoverin. NMR resonances of the attached myristate exhibit Ca(2+)-dependent chemical shifts and NOE patterns consistent with Ca(2+)-induced extrusion of the myristate. VILIP-1 forms a dimer in solution independent of Ca(2+) and myristoylation. The dimerization site is composed of residues in EF4 and the loop region between EF3 and EF4, confirmed by mutagenesis. We present the structure of the VILIP-1 dimer and a Ca(2+)-myristoyl switch to provide structural insights into Ca(2+)-induced trafficking of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congmin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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11
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Molecular cloning and expression of visinin-like protein 1 from Gekko japonicus spinal cord. Biologia (Bratisl) 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zhao CJ, Noack C, Brackmann M, Gloveli T, Maelicke A, Heinemann U, Anand R, Braunewell KH. Neuronal Ca2+ sensor VILIP-1 leads to the upregulation of functional alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 40:280-92. [PMID: 19063970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal Ca2+-sensor protein VILIP-1, known to affect clathrin-dependent receptor trafficking, has been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic loop of the alpha4-subunit of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), which is the most abundant nAChR subtype with high-affinity for nicotine in the brain. The alpha4beta2 nAChR is crucial for nicotine addiction and the beneficial effects of nicotine on cognition. Its dysfunction has been implicated in frontal lobe epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Here we report that overexpression of VILIP-1 enhances ACh responsiveness, whereas siRNA against VILIP-1 reduces alpha4beta2 nAChR currents of hippocampal neurons. The underlying molecular mechanism likely involves enhanced constitutive exocytosis of alpha4beta2 nAChRs mediated by VILIP-1. The two interaction partners co-localize in a Ca2+-dependent manner with syntaxin-6, a Golgi-SNARE protein involved in trans-Golgi membrane trafficking. Thus, we speculate that regulation of VILIP-1-expression might modulate surface expression of ligand-gated ion channels, such as the alpha4beta2 nAChRs, possibly comprising a novel form of physiological up-regulation of ligand-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Zhao
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Neuroscience Research Center, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Visinin-like proteins (VSNLs): interaction partners and emerging functions in signal transduction of a subfamily of neuronal Ca2+ -sensor proteins. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 335:301-16. [PMID: 18989702 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The visinin-like protein (VSNL) subfamily, including VILIP-1 (the founder protein), VILIP-2, VILIP-3, hippocalcin, and neurocalcin delta, constitute a highly homologous subfamily of neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins. Comparative studies have shown that VSNLs are expressed predominantly in the brain with restricted expression patterns in various subsets of neurons but are also found in peripheral organs. In addition, the proteins display differences in their calcium affinities, in their membrane-binding kinetics, and in the intracellular targets to which they associate after calcium binding. Even though the proteins use a similar calcium-myristoyl switch mechanism to translocate to cellular membranes, they show calcium-dependent localization to various subcellular compartments when expressed in the same neuron. These distinct calcium-myristoyl switch properties might be explained by specificity for defined phospholipids and membrane-bound targets; this enables VSNLs to modulate various cellular signal transduction pathways, including cyclic nucleotide and MAPK signaling. An emerging theme is the direct or indirect effect of VSNLs on gene expression and their interaction with components of membrane trafficking complexes, with a possible role in membrane trafficking of different receptors and ion channels, such as glutamate receptors of the kainate and AMPA subtype, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and Ca(2+)-channels. One hypothesis is that the highly homologous VSNLs have evolved to fulfil specialized functions in membrane trafficking and thereby affect neuronal signaling and differentiation in defined subsets of neurons. VSNLs are involved in differentiation processes showing a tumor-invasion-suppressor function in peripheral organs. Finally, VSNLs play neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles and have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Zhao C, Anand R, Braunewell KH. Nicotine-induced Ca2+-myristoyl Switch of Neuronal Ca2+ Sensor VILIP-1 in Hippocampal Neurons: A Possible Crosstalk Mechanism for Nicotinic Receptors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2008; 29:273-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-008-9320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Verbeek MM, Olde Rikkert MGM. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the evaluation of Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem 2008; 54:1589-91. [PMID: 18824570 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Chaumont S, Compan V, Toulme E, Richler E, Housley GD, Rassendren F, Khakh BS. Regulation of P2X2 receptors by the neuronal calcium sensor VILIP1. Sci Signal 2008; 1:ra8. [PMID: 18922787 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.1162329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activates P2X receptors, which are involved in diverse physiological functions. Using a proteomic approach, we identified the neuronal calcium sensor VILIP1 as interacting with P2X2 receptors. We found that VILIP1 forms a signaling complex in vitro and in vivo with P2X2 receptors and regulates P2X2 receptor sensitivity to ATP, peak response, surface expression, and diffusion. VILIP1 constitutively binds to P2X2 receptors and displays enhanced interactions in an activation- and calcium-dependent manner owing to exposure of its binding segment in P2X2 receptors. VILIP1-P2X2 interactions are also enhanced in hippocampal neurons during conditions of action potential firing known to trigger P2X2 receptor activation. Our data thus reveal a previously unrecognized function for the neuronal calcium sensor protein VILIP1 and a mechanism for regulation of ATP-dependent P2X receptor signaling by neuronal calcium sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severine Chaumont
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Gierke P, Zhao C, Bernstein HG, Noack C, Anand R, Heinemann U, Braunewell KH. Implication of neuronal Ca2+ -sensor protein VILIP-1 in the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 32:162-75. [PMID: 18691652 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Post mortem studies in the hippocampus of schizophrenia patients revealed increased expression of neuronal Ca(2+)-sensor VILIP-1 (visinin-like protein) and enhanced co-localization with alpha4beta2 nAChR in interneurons. To study the pathological role of VILIP-1, particularly in interneurons, in the context of the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia, we have used ketamine-treated rats, a NMDA receptor hypofunction model, and hippocampal cultures as model systems for schizophrenia. Treatment with ketamine leads to enhanced VILIP-1 expression in interneurons in rat hippocampal CA1 region. In cultures glutamate treatment led to an increase in VILIP-1-positive interneurons, which is not dependent on NMDA receptor but metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. VILIP-1 mainly co-localizes with the interneuron marker calretinin, mGluR1alpha and the VILIP-1 interaction partner alpha4beta2 nAChR in hippocampal slices. Overexpression of VILIP-1 leads to enhanced nAChR-dependent inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) generation by interneurons. This novel molecular link between the pathological role of mGluRs, VILIP-1 and its interaction partner alpha4beta2 nAChR by converging pathological glutamatergic and nicotinergic transmission may underlie cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gierke
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Neuroscience Research Center, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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