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Rocha JD, Uribe D, Delgado J, Niechi I, Alarcón S, Erices JI, Melo R, Fernández-Gajardo R, Salazar-Onfray F, San Martín R, Quezada Monrás C. A 2B Adenosine Receptor Enhances Chemoresistance of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells under Hypoxia: New Insights into MRP3 Transporter Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169022. [PMID: 36012307 PMCID: PMC9409164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by its high chemoresistance and the presence of a cell subpopulation that persists under hypoxic niches, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). The chemoresistance of GSCs is mediated in part by adenosine signaling and ABC transporters, which extrude drugs outside the cell, such as the multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) subfamily. Adenosine promotes MRP1-dependent chemoresistance under normoxia. However, adenosine/MRPs-dependent chemoresistance under hypoxia has not been studied until now. Transcript and protein levels were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. MRP extrusion capacity was determined by intracellular 5 (6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) accumulation. Cell viability was measured by MTS assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Here, we show for the first time that MRP3 expression is induced under hypoxia through the A2B adenosine receptor. Hypoxia enhances MRP-dependent extrusion capacity and the chemoresistance of GSCs. Meanwhile, MRP3 knockdown decreases GSC viability under hypoxia. Downregulation of the A2B receptor decreases MRP3 expression and chemosensibilizes GSCs treated with teniposide under hypoxia. These data suggest that hypoxia-dependent activation of A2B adenosine receptor promotes survival of GSCs through MRP3 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Dellis Rocha
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Javiera Delgado
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Sebastián Alarcón
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - José Ignacio Erices
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Rómulo Melo
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago 7500691, Chile
| | | | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500691, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500691, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada Monrás
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-63-2221332
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2
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Pourmohammad P, Maroufi NF, Rashidi M, Vahedian V, Pouremamali F, Faridvand Y, Ghaffari-Novin M, Isazadeh A, Hajazimian S, Nejabati HR, Nouri M. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin Mediate via miRNAs in Cancer. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:1-23. [PMID: 34181134 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved non-coding ribonucleic acids with a length of between 19 and 25 nucleotides. Because of their ability to regulate gene expression, miRNAs have an important function in the controlling of various biological processes, such as cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Owing to the long-standing regulative potential of miRNAs in tumor-suppressive pathways, scholars have recently paid closer attention to the expression profile of miRNAs in various types of cancer. Melatonin, an indolic compound secreted from pineal gland and some peripheral tissues, has been considered as an effective anti-tumor hormone in a wide spectrum of cancers. Furthermore, it induces apoptosis, inhibits tumor metastasis and invasion, and also angiogenesis. A growing body of evidence indicates the effects of melatonin on miRNAs expression in broad spectrum of diseases, including cancer. Due to the long-term effects of the regulation of miRNAs expression, melatonin could be a promising therapeutic factor in the treatment of cancers via the regulation of miRNAs. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the effects of melatonin on miRNAs expression in various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirouz Pourmohammad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Vahid Vahedian
- Researchers Club of Tums Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Sari, Iran
| | - Farhad Pouremamali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Faridvand
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghaffari-Novin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Hajazimian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Koh MZ, Ho WY, Yeap SK, Ali NM, Boo L, Alitheen NB. Regulation of Cellular and Cancer Stem Cell-Related Putative Gene Expression of Parental and CD44 +CD24 - Sorted MDA-MB-231 Cells by Cisplatin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050391. [PMID: 33919109 PMCID: PMC8143088 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype that promotes a higher risk of metastasis and cancer reoccurrence. Cisplatin is one of the potential anticancer drugs for treating TNBC. However, the occurrence of cisplatin resistance still remains one of the challenges in fully eradicating TNBC. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been proposed as one of the factors contributing to the development of cisplatin resistance. In this study, we aimed to characterize the cellular properties and reveal the corresponding putative target genes involved in cisplatin resistance associated with CSCs using the TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231). CSC-like cells were isolated from parental cells and the therapeutic effect of cisplatin on CSC-like cells was compared to that of the parental cells via cell characterization bioassays. A PCR array was then conducted to study the expression of cellular mRNA for each subpopulation. As compared to treated parental cells, treated CSCs displayed lower events of late apoptosis/necrosis and G2/M phase cell arrest, with higher mammosphere formation capacity. Furthermore, a distinct set of putative target genes correlated to the Hedgehog pathway and angiogenesis were dysregulated solely in CSC-like cells after cisplatin treatment, which were closely related to the regulation of chemoresistance and self-renewability in breast cancer. In summary, both cellular and gene expression studies suggest the attenuated cytotoxicity of cisplatin in CSC-like cells as compared to parental cells. Understanding the role of dysregulated putative target genes induced by cisplatin in CSCs may aid in the potential development of therapeutic targets for cisplatin-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Zie Koh
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (W.Y.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.Y.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Lily Boo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Stanković T, Ranđelović T, Dragoj M, Stojković Burić S, Fernández L, Ochoa I, Pérez-García VM, Pešić M. In vitro biomimetic models for glioblastoma-a promising tool for drug response studies. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 55:100753. [PMID: 33667959 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The poor response of glioblastoma to current treatment protocols is a consequence of its intrinsic drug resistance. Resistance to chemotherapy is primarily associated with considerable cellular heterogeneity, and plasticity of glioblastoma cells, alterations in gene expression, presence of specific tumor microenvironment conditions and blood-brain barrier. In an attempt to successfully overcome chemoresistance and better understand the biological behavior of glioblastoma, numerous tri-dimensional (3D) biomimetic models were developed in the past decade. These novel advanced models are able to better recapitulate the spatial organization of glioblastoma in a real time, therefore providing more realistic and reliable evidence to the response of glioblastoma to therapy. Moreover, these models enable the fine-tuning of different tumor microenvironment conditions and facilitate studies on the effects of the tumor microenvironment on glioblastoma chemoresistance. This review outlines current knowledge on the essence of glioblastoma chemoresistance and describes the progress achieved by 3D biomimetic models. Moreover, comprehensive literature assessment regarding the influence of 3D culturing and microenvironment mimicking on glioblastoma gene expression and biological behavior is also provided. The contribution of the blood-brain barrier as well as the blood-tumor barrier to glioblastoma chemoresistance is also reviewed from the perspective of 3D biomimetic models. Finally, the role of mathematical models in predicting 3D glioblastoma behavior and drug response is elaborated. In the future, technological innovations along with mathematical simulations should create reliable 3D biomimetic systems for glioblastoma research that should facilitate the identification and possibly application in preclinical drug testing and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Stanković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Teodora Ranđelović
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragon 50018, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miodrag Dragoj
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Stojković Burić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luis Fernández
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragon 50018, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Aragon 50018, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragon 50018, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red. Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Aragon 50018, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor M Pérez-García
- Departamento de Matemáticas, E.T.S.I. Industriales and Instituto de Matemática Aplicada a la Ciencia y la Ingeniería (IMACI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Kim DS. Cancer stem cell plasticity in glioblastoma multiforme: a perspective on future directions in oncolytic virotherapy. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2251-2264. [PMID: 32744059 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis suggests that a rare population of stem-like cells underpin tumorigenesis. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) demonstrate novel mechanisms of targeting the elusive CSCs with greater selectivity - promising therapeutic potential against solid tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) that are resistant to conventional treatment. In general, OVs have failed to translate the efficacy from bench to bedside. The success of OVs rely on the hypothesis that eliminating CSCs is key to preventing recurrence. However, newly emerging evidence of CSC plasticity challenge this hypothesis by proposing that the CSC pool can be regenerated from non-CSCs post-treatment. We review this evidence surrounding the CSC hypothesis to propose an original perspective on why several advanced OVs may be failing to reflect their true potential in clinical trials. We argue that preventing non-CSC to CSC dedifferentiation may be critical to achieving long-term treatment efficacy in future OV clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Kim
- Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1DP, United Kingdom
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6
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Shen Z, Liu T, Yang Z, Zhou Z, Tang W, Fan W, Liu Y, Mu J, Li L, Bregadze VI, Mandal SK, Druzina AA, Wei Z, Qiu X, Wu A, Chen X. Small-sized gadolinium oxide based nanoparticles for high-efficiency theranostics of orthotopic glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2020; 235:119783. [PMID: 31981762 PMCID: PMC7024018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors with poor prognosis and outcomes. Although smaller particle size can lead to higher blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeability of the nanomaterials, most of the reported BBB-crossable nanomaterials for targeted GBM therapy are larger than 24 nm. To realize theranostics of GBM, co-loading of therapeutic and diagnostic agents on the same nanomaterials further results in larger particle size. In this study, we developed a kind of novel BBB-transportable nanomaterials smaller than 14 nm for high-efficiency theranostics of GBM (i.e., high contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiosensitization of GBM). Typically, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) stabilized extremely small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with modification of reductive bovine serum albumin (ES-GON-rBSA) was synthesized in water phase, resulting in excellent water-dispersibility. RGD dimer (RGD2, Glu-{Cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-(D-Phe)-Lys]}2) and lactoferrin (LF) were then conjugated to the ES-GON-rBSA to obtain composite nanoparticle ES-GON-rBSA-LF-RGD2 with extraordinary relaxivities (r1 = 60.8 mM-1 s-1, r2/r1 = 1.1). The maximum signal enhancement (ΔSNR) for T1-weighted MRI of tumors reached up to 423 ± 42% at 12 h post-injection of ES-GON-rBSA-LF-RGD2, which is much higher than commercial Gd-chelates (<80%). ES-GON-rBSA-LF-RGD2 exhibited high biocompatibility and can transport across the in vitro BBB model and the in vivo BBB of mice due to its small particle size (dh = 13.4 nm) and LF receptor mediated transcytosis. Orthotopic GBM studies reinforce that ES-GON-rBSA3-LF-RGD2 can accumulate in the orthotopic GBM and enhance the radiation therapy of GBM as an effective radiosensitizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Shen
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wenpei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Anna A Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Zhenni Wei
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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7
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Neamati F, Asemi Z. The effects of melatonin on signaling pathways and molecules involved in glioma. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:192-199. [PMID: 31808968 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common brain tumors with high invasion and malignancy. Despite extensive research in this area and the use of new and advanced therapies, the survival rate in this disease is very low. In addition, resistance to treatment has also been observed in this disease. One of the reasons for rapid progression and failure in treatment for this disease is the presence of a class of cells with high proliferation and high differentiation, a class called glioblastoma stem-like cells shown as being the source of glioblastoma tumors. It has been reported that several oncogenes are expressed in this disease. One important issue in recognizing the pathogenesis of this disease, and which could improve the treatment process, is the identification of involved oncogenes as well as molecules that affect the reduction of the expression of these oncogenes. Melatonin regulates the biological rhythm and inhibits the proliferation of malignant glioma cells due to antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Melatonin has been considered in biological processes and in signaling pathways involved in the development of glioma. The aim of this review is to investigate the effects of melatonin on signaling pathways and molecules involved in the progression of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Neamati
- Department of Microbiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, 87159-88141, I.R. Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, 87159-88141, I.R. Iran
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8
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Integrin α6 signaling induces STAT3-TET3-mediated hydroxymethylation of genes critical for maintenance of glioma stem cells. Oncogene 2019; 39:2156-2169. [PMID: 31819166 PMCID: PMC7060098 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Both the extracellular matrix (ECM) and DNA epigenetic regulation are critical for maintaining stem cell phenotype and cancer progression. Whether and how ECM regulates epigenetic alterations to influence cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain to be explored. Here we report that ECM through laminin-integrin α6 upregulates ten-eleven translocation enzyme 3 (TET3) dioxygenase. TET3 in turn mediates DNA cytosine 5’-hydroxymethylation (5hmC) and upregulates genes critical for maintenance of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Activating integrin α6-FAK pathway increases STAT3 activity, TET3 expression and 5hmC levels in GSCs. Moreover, targeting STAT3 disrupts integrin α6-FAK signaling and inhibits TET3+ GSC maturation in vivo. STAT3 directly regulates TET3 expression and the two proteins are co-localized with 5hmC in GSC clusters. 5hmC is upregulated by STAT3 at the promoters of several tumorigenic genes, including c-Myc, known to be critical for GSCs. In vivo silencing of TET3 in GSC-enriched tumors reduces 5hmC accumulation and expression of the GSC critical genes, leading to tumor growth inhibition. TET3 expression and 5hmC accumulation also co-segregate with integrin α6 in patient malignant glioma. Thus, ECM- integrin α6-STAT3-TET3 axis regulates hydroxymethylation of genes important for GSCs, thereby increasing GSC tumorigenicity and resistance to therapies.
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9
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Zeniou M, Nguekeu-Zebaze L, Dantzer F. Therapeutic considerations of PARP in stem cell biology: Relevance in cancer and beyond. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:107-115. [PMID: 31202733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are of fundamental importance in tumor progression because of their tumor-initiating properties, their resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, their invasive properties and their propensity to escape immune responses that together contribute to tumor relapse. These highly aggressive features underscore the importance of constantly identifying new and innovative therapeutic solutions to eradicate these cells. In this narrative review we discuss recent findings on the involvement of PARP family members in cancer stem cell biology and the benefit of their inhibition. Nonetheless, an important limitation in the use of PARP inhibitors is the emergence of a prominent function of PARP1 in non-cancer stem cell biology including stem cell maintenance and differentiation during development, neurogenesis or adipogenesis. Thus, we also summarize the dominant discoveries revealing the importance of PARP1 in normal stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zeniou
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - L Nguekeu-Zebaze
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - F Dantzer
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch, France.
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10
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Khandekar D, Amara S, Tiriveedhi V. Immunogenicity of Tumor Initiating Stem Cells: Potential Applications in Novel Anticancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:315. [PMID: 31106150 PMCID: PMC6494937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor initiating stem cells (TISCs) are a subset of tumor cells, which are implicated in cancer relapse and resistance to chemotherapy. The metabolic programs that drive TISC functions are exquisitely unique and finely-tuned by various oncogene-driven transcription factors to facilitate pro-cancerous adaptive challenges. While this change in TISC metabolic machinery allows for the identification of associated molecular targets with diagnostic and prognostic value, these molecules also have a potential immunological application. Recent studies have shown that these TISC-associated molecules have strong antigenic properties enabling naïve CD8+T lymphocytes to differentiate into cytotoxic effector phenotype with anticancer potential. In spite of the current challenges, a detailed understanding in this direction offers an immense immunotherapeutic opportunity. In this review, we highlight the molecular targets that characterize TISCs, the metabolic landscape of TISCs, potential antitumor immune cell activation, and the opportunities and challenges they present in the development of new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Khandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Suneetha Amara
- Department of Medicine, St. Thomas Hospital-Midtown, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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11
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Abstract
The transport of specific molecules across lipid membranes is an essential function of all living organisms. The processes are usually mediated by specific transporters. One of the largest transporter families is the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family. More than 40 ABC transporters have been identified in human, which are divided into 7 subfamilies (ABCA to ABCG) based on their gene structure, amino acid sequence, domain organization, and phylogenetic analysis. Of them, at least 11 ABC transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-GP/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCCs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) are involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) development. These ABC transporters are expressed in various tissues such as the liver, intestine, kidney, and brain, playing important roles in absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs. Some ABC transporters are also involved in diverse cellular processes such as maintenance of osmotic homeostasis, antigen processing, cell division, immunity, cholesterol, and lipid trafficking. Several human diseases such as cystic fibrosis, sitosterolemia, Tangier disease, intrahepatic cholestasis, and retinal degeneration are associated with mutations in corresponding transporters. This chapter will describe function and expression of several ABC transporters (such as P-GP, BCRP, and MRPs), their substrates and inhibitors, as well as their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Torres A, Vargas Y, Uribe D, Jaramillo C, Gleisner A, Salazar-Onfray F, López MN, Melo R, Oyarzún C, San Martín R, Quezada C. Adenosine A3 receptor elicits chemoresistance mediated by multiple resistance-associated protein-1 in human glioblastoma stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67373-67386. [PMID: 27634913 PMCID: PMC5341882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MRP1 transporter correlates positively with glioma malignancy and the Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) phenotype in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Evidence shows that the MRP1 transporter is controlled by the adenosine signalling axis. The aim of this study was to identify the role of adenosine on the MDR phenotype in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (GSCs), the cell population responsible for the tumorigenic and chemoresistance capabilities of this tumour. We found that GSCs have increased intrinsic capacity to generate extracellular adenosine, thus controlling MRP1 transporter expression and activity via activation of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR). We showed PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways downstream A3AR to control MRP1 in GSCs. In vitro pharmacological blockade of A3AR had a chemosensitizing effect, enhancing the actions of antitumour drugs and decreasing cell viability and proliferation of GSCs. In addition, we produced an in vivo xenograft model by subcutaneous inoculation of human GSCs in NOD/SCID-IL2Rg null mice. Pharmacological blockade of A3AR generated a chemosensitizing effect, enhancing the effectiveness of the MRP1 transporter substrate, vincristine, reducing tumour size and the levels of CD44 and Nestin stem cell markers as well as the Ki-67 proliferation indicator. In conclusion, we demonstrated the chemosensitizing effect of A3AR blockade on GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Torres
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yosselyn Vargas
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Catherine Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra Gleisner
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes N López
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rómulo Melo
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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13
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Jin F, Han GK, Zhang H, Zhang R, Li GH, Feng S, Qin XY, Kong LS, Nie QM, Li HR, Zhao L. Difference in the Inhibitory Effect of Temozolomide on TJ905 Glioma Cells and Stem Cells. Front Neurol 2017; 8:474. [PMID: 28955297 PMCID: PMC5601416 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the difference in the inhibitory effect of temozolomide (TMZ) on TJ905 glioma cells and stem cells. TJ905 cancer stem cells were isolated. Livin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. The TJ905 cells and cancer stem cells were transfected with a Livin-shRNA and negative-shRNA, respectively, and then treated with TMZ. At 48 h post-transfection, a cell counting kit 8 assay, flow cytometry, and real-time qPCR were performed to detect cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and the expression of the Caspase-3, -7, and -9 mRNAs, respectively. As a result, the suppressive effect of TMZ on TJ905 cells was more significant than its effect on TJ905 cancer stem cells. TMZ exerted an inhibitory effect on the growth of TJ905 glioma cells by arresting them at G0/G1 phase and arresting cancer stem cells at S phase in a dose-dependent manner. TMZ inhibited Livin mRNA expression and increased the expression of the Caspase-3, -7, and -9 mRNAs. Low Livin mRNA expression induced high levels of Caspase-3, -7, and -9 expressions, thus promoting the apoptosis of both TJ905 cells and cancer stem cells in response to TMZ treatment. The TJ905 cells transfected with the Livin-shRNA were more sensitive to TMZ, whereas the TJ905 glioma stem cells transfected with the Livin-shRNA showed no significant changes in their sensitivity to TMZ. In conclusion, the Livin gene may play an important role in the resistance mechanisms of TJ905 glioma cells and cancer stem cells. However, Livin had a more distinct role in TMZ resistance, cell proliferation, and the cell cycle in TJ905 glioma cells than in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Guang-Kui Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Gen-Hua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Song Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Xian-Yun Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Ling-Sheng Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Quan-Min Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-Oncology, Jining, China
| | - Hua-Rong Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Uribe D, Torres Á, Rocha JD, Niechi I, Oyarzún C, Sobrevia L, San Martín R, Quezada C. Multidrug resistance in glioblastoma stem-like cells: Role of the hypoxic microenvironment and adenosine signaling. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:140-151. [PMID: 28223127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered the most common and aggressive tumour of the central nervous system and is characterized for being highly chemoresistant. This property is mainly due to the activation of Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) mechanisms that protect cancer cells from structurally and morphologically different drugs. Overexpression and increased ABC transporters activity is one of the most important MDR mechanisms at the clinical level, and both its expression and activity are elevated in GBM cells. Within the tumour, there is a subpopulation called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), which due to its high tumourigenic capacity and chemoresistance, have been postulated as the main responsible for tumour recurrence. The GSCs inhabit hypoxic tumour zones, niches that apart from maintaining and promoting stem phenotype have also been correlated with high chemoresistance. Of the signalling pathways activated during hypoxia, purinergic signalling has been highly associated to the induction of MDR mechanisms. Through its receptors, the nucleoside adenosine has been shown to promotes the chemoresistance mediated by ABC transporters. Therefore, targeting its components is a promising alternative for GBM treatment. In this review, we will discuss chemoresistance in GSCs and the effect of the hypoxic microenvironment and adenosine on MDR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Uribe
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ángelo Torres
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - José Dellis Rocha
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rody San Martín
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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15
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Wang T, Shigdar S, Gantier MP, Hou Y, Wang L, Li Y, Shamaileh HA, Yin W, Zhou SF, Zhao X, Duan W. Cancer stem cell targeted therapy: progress amid controversies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44191-206. [PMID: 26496035 PMCID: PMC4792551 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer stem cells have been well characterized in numerous malignancies, the fundamental characteristics of this group of cells, however, have been challenged by some recent observations: cancer stem cells may not necessary to be rare within tumors; cancer stem cells and non-cancer stem cells may undergo reversible phenotypic changes; and the cancer stem cells phenotype can vary substantially between patients. Here the current status and progresses of cancer stem cells theory is illustrated and via providing a panoramic view of cancer therapy, we addressed the recent controversies regarding the feasibility of cancer stem cells targeted anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael P Gantier
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yingchun Hou
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Region's Sustainable Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital and St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, Australia
| | - Hadi Al Shamaileh
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wang Yin
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Jiang Z, Song Q, Tang M, Yang L, Cheng Y, Zhang M, Xu D, Cheng G. Enhanced Migration of Neural Stem Cells by Microglia Grown on a Three-Dimensional Graphene Scaffold. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:25069-77. [PMID: 27589088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges in engineering neural tissues for cell-based therapies is to develop a biocompatible scaffold material to direct neural stem cell (NSC) behaviors. One great advantage for a scaffold would be to induce NSC migration toward pathological sites during regeneration and repair. In particular, the inflammatory responses in the pathological zone, which are mainly mediated by microglia in the central nervous system, affect the repair capacity of NSCs through NSC migration. Recently, graphene was used as a neural interface and scaffold material, but few studies have addressed the relationship between microglia and NSCs in a graphene culture system. In this study, we used a combination of immunofluorescence, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and scanning electron microscopy to investigate how conditioned medium (CM) produced from microglia grown on two-dimensional graphene (2D-G) films or three-dimensional graphene (3D-G) foams govern NSC migration. The results revealed that the CM produced by microglia grown in 3D-G cultures could promote neurosphere formation, facilitate NSC migration from the neurospheres, and increase single cell polarization by activating the stromal cell-derived factor 1 α (SDF-1α)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway and enhancing cell adhesion on the substrate. By contrast, the 2D-G CM failed to achieve these results. Our study suggests the great potential of 3D-G as a neural scaffold for NSC-based therapy in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Qin Song
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University , Jiangsu 210018, PR China
| | - Lingyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yilin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Jiangsu 215123, PR China
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17
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Bielecka ZF, Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Safir IJ, Szczylik C, Czarnecka AM. Three-dimensional cell culture model utilization in cancer stem cell research. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1505-1520. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia F. Bielecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Military Institute of Medicine; Szaserów 128 04-141 Warsaw Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine; Medical University of Warsaw; Zwirki i Wigury 61 02-109 Warsaw Poland
| | - Kamila Maliszewska-Olejniczak
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Military Institute of Medicine; Szaserów 128 04-141 Warsaw Poland
- Laboratory of DNA Sequencing and Oligonucleotides Synthesis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Pawinskiego 5a 02-106 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ilan J. Safir
- Department of Urology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA 30322 U.S.A
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Military Institute of Medicine; Szaserów 128 04-141 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Military Institute of Medicine; Szaserów 128 04-141 Warsaw Poland
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18
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Cancer Stem Cell Quiescence and Plasticity as Major Challenges in Cancer Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1740936. [PMID: 27418931 PMCID: PMC4932171 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1740936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells with stem-like properties, tumorigenic potential, and treatment-resistant phenotypes have been identified in many human malignancies. Based on the properties they share with nonneoplastic stem cells or their ability to initiate and propagate tumors in vivo, such cells were designated as cancer stem (stem-like) or tumor initiating/propagating cells. Owing to their implication in treatment resistance, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been the subject of intense investigation in past years. Comprehension of CSCs' intrinsic properties and mechanisms they develop to survive and even enhance their aggressive phenotype within the hostile conditions of the tumor microenvironment has reoriented therapeutic strategies to fight cancer. This report provides selected examples of malignancies in which the presence of CSCs has been evidenced and briefly discusses methods to identify, isolate, and functionally characterize the CSC subpopulation of cancer cells. Relevant biological targets in CSCs, their link to treatment resistance, proposed targeting strategies, and limitations of these approaches are presented. Two major aspects of CSC physiopathology, namely, relative in vivo quiescence and plasticity in response to microenvironmental cues or treatment, are highlighted. Implications of these findings in the context of the development of new therapies are discussed.
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19
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Wang Z, Yang J, Xu G, Wang W, Liu C, Yang H, Yu Z, Lei Q, Xiao L, Xiong J, Zeng L, Xiang J, Ma J, Li G, Wu M. Targeting miR-381-NEFL axis sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide by regulating stemness factors and multidrug resistance factors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3147-64. [PMID: 25605243 PMCID: PMC4413644 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-381 (miR-381) is a highly expressed onco-miRNA that is involved in malignant progression and has been suggested to be a good target for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy. In this study, we employed two-dimensional fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and MALDI–TOF/TOF-MS/MS to identify 27 differentially expressed proteins, including the significantly upregulated neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL), in glioblastoma cells in which miR-381 expression was inhibited. We identified NEFL as a novel target molecule of miR-381 and a tumor suppressor gene. In human astrocytoma clinical specimens, NEFL was downregulated with increased levels of miR-381 expression. Either suppressing miR-381 or enforcing NEFL expression dramatically sensitized glioblastoma cells to temozolomide (TMZ), a promising chemotherapeutic agent for treating GBMs. The mechanism by which these cells were sensitized to TMZ was investigated by inhibiting various multidrug resistance factors (ABCG2, ABCC3, and ABCC5) and stemness factors (ALDH1, CD44, CKIT, KLF4, Nanog, Nestin, and SOX2). Our results further demonstrated that miR-381 overexpression reversed the viability of U251 cells exhibiting NEFL-mediated TMZ sensitivity. In addition, NEFL-siRNA also reversed the proliferation rate of U251 cells exhibiting locked nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR-381-mediated TMZ sensitivity. Overall, the miR-381-NEFL axis is important for TMZ resistance in GBM and may potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyou Wang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghui Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianqian Lei
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Tsukahara T, Kanaseki T, Kochin V, Sato N. Immune responses to human cancer stem-like cells/cancer-initiating cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 107:12-7. [PMID: 26440127 PMCID: PMC4724814 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem‐like cells (CSC)/cancer‐initiating cells (CIC) are defined as minor subpopulations of cancer cells that are endowed with properties of higher tumor‐initiating ability, self‐renewal ability and differentiation ability. Accumulating results of recent studies have revealed that CSC/CIC are resistant to standard cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular targeting therapy, and eradiation of CSC/CIC is, thus, critical to cure cancer. Cancer immunotherapy is expected to become the “fourth” cancer therapy. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an essential role in immune responses to cancers, and CTL can recognize CSC/CIC in an antigen‐specific manner. CSC/CIC express several tumor‐associated antigens (TAA), and cancer testis (CT) antigens are reasonable sources for CSC/CIC‐targeting immunotherapy. In this review article, we discuss CSC/CIC recognition by CTL, regulation of immune systems by CSC/CIC, TAA expression in CSC/CIC, and the advantages of CSC/CIC‐targeting immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Vitaly Kochin
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
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Liu Y, Guo Q, Zhang H, Li GH, Feng S, Yu XZ, Kong LS, Zhao L, Jin F. Effect of siRNA-Livin on drug resistance to chemotherapy in glioma U251 cells and CD133 + stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1317-1323. [PMID: 26622485 PMCID: PMC4578066 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of siRNA-Livin on the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) genes in a U251 cell line and U251 stem cells. CD133+ cancer stem cells were identified and isolated from the U251 glioblastoma cells, and morphological observations were used to detect the cell survival conditions. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Livin, MRP1 and MRP3. Following transfection with the lentivirus containing the siRNA-Livin, the expression of Livin was significantly inhibited in the U251 cells and stem cells (P<0.01). Following temozolomide intervention, the proliferation of the U251 cells and U251 stem cells was restrained, with a lot of cell debris present and the structure of the cell spheres destroyed. The inhibitory effect was more significant following transfection with siRNA-Livin. Prior to siRNA-Livin transfection, the expression of MRP1 presented an increasing trend in the U251 cells and U251 stem cells with increasing drug concentrations and intervention times (P<0.05). Following siRNA-Livin transfection, the expression of MRP1 decreased in the U251 cells and U251 stem cells under the same drug concentration and intervention time (P<0.05), while the expression of MRP3 increased in the U251 stem cells under the same intervention concentration and time (P<0.05). Therefore, siRNA-Livin was shown to decrease the expression of MRP1 in U251 cells and U251 stem cells, increase the expression of MRP3 in U251 stem cells and decrease the proliferation of U251 cells and U251 stem cells. Thus, Livin may be associated with the high expression of MRP1, and siRNA-Livin may be used to lower the expression of MRP1 in order to reduce the drug resistance to chemotherapy in cases of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Hua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Song Feng
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Zhen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Sheng Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Hepatology & Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
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Jin F, Zhang R, Feng S, Yuan CT, Zhang RY, Han GK, Li GH, Yu XZ, Liu Y, Kong LS, Zhang SL, Zhao L. Pathological features of transplanted tumor established by CD133 positive TJ905 glioblastoma stem-like cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:60. [PMID: 26136642 PMCID: PMC4487198 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is to explore the pathological features of transplanted tumor established by CD133 positive TJ905 glioblastoma stem-like cells. METHODS CD133 positive TJ905 glioma cells were separated by immunomagnetic beads to isolate glioma stem-like cells. TJ905 cells and stem-like cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the mice to establish model of transplanted tumor, respectively. Mice growing condition and behavior were observed. HE staining assay, immunohistochemical assay for GFAP, Ki-67 and Olig-2, and CD34 marked microvascular density (MVD) test were performed. RESULTS The growing condition and behavior of mice in TJ905 stem cell group was more exaggerated and the models showed stronger malignant features pathologically than that in TJ905 cell group. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in TJ905 cell and stem-like cell group showed the transplanted tumor originated from astrocytes. Expression of Ki-67 and oligodendrocyte transcription factor-2 (Olig-2) in TJ905 stem cells was higher notably and CD34 expression in stem cell group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Pathological features of transplanted tumor established by CD133 positive glioblastoma stem-like cells show more malignant. Use of TJ905 stem cells to establish transplanted tumor model in nude mice is excellent for glioma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Song Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Chuan-Tao Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Ren-Ya Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Guang-Kui Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Gen-Hua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Xi-Zhen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Ling-Sheng Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Shu-Ling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 PR China
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Kim DH, Surh YJ. Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Bache M, Rot S, Keßler J, Güttler A, Wichmann H, Greither T, Wach S, Taubert H, Söling A, Bilkenroth U, Kappler M, Vordermark D. mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in human glioblastoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:3155-61. [PMID: 25963717 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in the development of malignancy and tumour progression are well known. However, there are a limited number of studies analysing the impact of mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in the tissues of brain tumours and glioblastoma patients. In this study, tumour tissues from patients with glioblastoma multiforme and tumour adjacent tissues were analysed. We investigated mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and osteopontin (OPN), and stem cell-associated genes survivin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), Nanog and octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our data revealed higher mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in tumour tissue than levels in the tumour adjacent tissues in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. A strong positive correlation between the mRNA expression levels of HIF-2α, CA9, VEGF, GLUT-1 and OPN suggests a specific hypoxia-associated profile of mRNA expression in glioblastoma multiforme. Additionally, the results indicate the role of stem-cell-related genes in tumour hypoxia. Kaplan-Maier analysis revealed that high mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced markers showed a trend towards shorter overall survival in glioblastoma patients (P=0.061). Our data suggest that mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced genes are important tumour markers in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Swetlana Rot
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Keßler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Antje Güttler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Henri Wichmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Greither
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Clinic of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ariane Söling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Smith RW, Wang J, Mothersill CE, Lee LEJ, Seymour CB. Proteomic responses in the gills of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, Rafinesque, 1820) after 6 months and 2 years of continuous exposure to environmentally relevant dietary226Ra. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:248-56. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.988894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li G, Zhang H, Liu Y, Kong L, Guo Q, Jin F. Effect of temozolomide on livin and caspase-3 in U251 glioma stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:744-750. [PMID: 25667622 PMCID: PMC4316973 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of temozolomide (TMZ) on the antiapoptotic gene livin and the associated gene caspase-3. Cancer stem cells were isolated from U251 glioblastoma cells using immunomagnetic beads. The glioma cells and glioma stem cells were transfected with livin or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against livin using lentiviral vectors. Quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and a Cell Counting kit-8 assay were used to detect the expression of livin and caspase-3, analyze the cell cycle and investigate cell proliferation, respectively, following treatment with various concentrations of TMZ (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μmol/l) for different periods of time (24, 48 and 72 h). The expression levels of livin and caspase-3 in the U251 stem cells were significantly higher than those in the U251 cells (P<0.01). At the same intervention time, the expression levels of livin decreased and those of caspase-3 increased as the concentration of TMZ increased (P<0.05). The expression levels of livin and caspase-3 in the U251 cells were lower than those in the U251 stem cells with the same intervention time and concentration of TMZ (P<0.05). The cell cycle was arrested in the G2/M phase in the U251 cells following TMZ intervention; the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase increased as the concentration of TMZ increased (P<0.05). The U251 stem cells were arrested in the S phase following treatment with TMZ; the proportion of cells in the S phase increased as the concentration of TMZ increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the expression levels of livin and caspase-3 were effectively inhibited and increased, respectively, in all cell models following treatment with TMZ. TMZ is able to arrest the cell cycle and enhance cell apoptosis. U251 stem cells are less vulnerable than U251 cells to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhua Li
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lingsheng Kong
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
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Hsieh CH, Lin YJ, Wu CP, Lee HT, Shyu WC, Wang CC. Livin contributes to tumor hypoxia-induced resistance to cytotoxic therapies in glioblastoma multiforme. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:460-70. [PMID: 25370472 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor hypoxia is one of the crucial microenvironments to promote therapy resistance (TR) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Livin, a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, contributes antiapoptosis. However, the role of tumor hypoxia in Livin regulation and its impact on TR are unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Livin expression and apoptosis for tumor hypoxic cells derived from human glioblastoma xenografts or in vitro hypoxic stress-treated glioblastoma cells were determined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence imaging, and annexin V staining assay. The mechanism of hypoxia-induced Livin induction was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and reporter assay. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of Livin was utilized to investigate the role of Livin on tumor hypoxia-induced TR in vitro or in vivo. RESULTS The upregulation of Livin expression and downregulation of caspase activity were observed under cycling and chronic hypoxia in glioblastoma cells and xenografts, concomitant with increased TR to ionizing radiation and temozolomide. However, knockdown of Livin inhibited these effects. Moreover, hypoxia activated Livin transcription through the binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α to the Livin promoter. The targeted inhibition of Livin by the cell-permeable peptide (TAT-Lp15) in intracerebral glioblastoma-bearing mice demonstrated a synergistic suppression of tumor growth and increased the survival rate in standard-of-care treatment with radiation plus temozolomide. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a novel pathway that links upregulation of Livin to tumor hypoxia-induced TR in GBM and suggest that targeting Livin using cell-permeable peptide may be an effective therapeutic strategy for tumor microenvironment-induced TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pu Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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Apoptotic death of cancer stem cells for cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8335-51. [PMID: 24823879 PMCID: PMC4057734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial roles in tumor progression, chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, and recurrence. Recent studies on CSCs have advanced understanding of molecular oncology and development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review article updates the hypothesis and paradigm of CSCs with a focus on major signaling pathways and effectors that regulate CSC apoptosis. Selective CSC apoptotic inducers are introduced and their therapeutic potentials are discussed. These include synthetic and natural compounds, antibodies and recombinant proteins, and oligonucleotides.
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29
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Wei MF, Chen MW, Chen KC, Lou PJ, Lin SYF, Hung SC, Hsiao M, Yao CJ, Shieh MJ. Autophagy promotes resistance to photodynamic therapy-induced apoptosis selectively in colorectal cancer stem-like cells. Autophagy 2014; 10:1179-92. [PMID: 24905352 PMCID: PMC4203546 DOI: 10.4161/auto.28679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) exhibit a high resistance to current therapeutic strategies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), leading to the recurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). In cancer, autophagy acts as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter. However, the role of autophagy in the resistance of CSCs to PDT has not been reported. In this study, CSCs were isolated from colorectal cancer cells using PROM1/CD133 (prominin 1) expression, which is a surface marker commonly found on stem cells of various tissues. We demonstrated that PpIX-mediated PDT induced the formation of autophagosomes in PROM1/CD133+ cells, accompanied by the upregulation of autophagy-related proteins ATG3, ATG5, ATG7, and ATG12. The inhibition of PDT-induced autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors and silencing of the ATG5 gene substantially triggered apoptosis of PROM1/CD133+ cells and decreased the ability of colonosphere formation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. In conclusion, our results revealed a protective role played by autophagy against PDT in CSCs and indicated that targeting autophagy could be used to elevate the PDT sensitivity of CSCs. These findings would aid in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for CSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Yun-Fan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jung Yao
- Gastroenterology; Taipei Medical University-Municipal Wan Fang Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jium Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Oncology; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Shimamura M, Nagayama Y, Matsuse M, Yamashita S, Mitsutake N. Analysis of multiple markers for cancer stem-like cells in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Endocr J 2014; 61:481-90. [PMID: 24531915 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. CSCs have been isolated using several markers, but those for thyroid CSCs remain to be confirmed. We therefore conducted a comprehensive search for thyroid CSC markers. Expression of nine cell surface markers (CD13, CD15, CD24, CD44, CD90, CD117, CD133, CD166, and CD326) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, which are CSC markers in various solid cancers, and the ability to form spheres in vitro and tumors in vivo were investigated using eight thyroid cancer cell lines (FRO, KTC1/2/3, TPC1, WRO, ACT1, and 8505C). Among these, four cell lines (FRO, KTC3, ACT1, and 8505C) possessed the both abilities; however, common markers indicative of CSCs were not observed. The pattern of ability to form spheres was completely matched to that of tumor formation, suggesting that our sphere assay is valuable for assessment of tumor-forming ability. Next, the cells were sorted using these markers and subjected to the sphere assay. In three cell lines (FRO, KTC3, and ACT1), ALDH(pos) cells showed higher sphere forming ability than ALDH(neg) cells but not in other cells. CD326(hi) also appeared to be a candidate marker only in FRO cells. However, these subpopulations did not follow a classical hierarchical model because ALDH(neg) and CD326(low) fractions also generated ALDH(pos) and CD326(hi) cells, respectively. These data suggest that ALDH activity is probably a major candidate marker to enrich thyroid CSCs but not universal; other markers such as CD326 that regulate different CSC properties may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Shimamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Jin F, Cheng D, Tao JY, Zhang SL, Pang R, Guo YJ, Ye P, Dong JH, Zhao L. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of corilagin in a rat model of acute cholestasis. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:79. [PMID: 23641818 PMCID: PMC3655894 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, treatments for cholestasis remain largely nonspecific and often ineffective. Recent studies showed that inflammatory injuries and oxidative stress occur in the liver with cholestasis. In this study, we would use corilagin to treat the animal model of acute cholestasis in order to define the activity to interfere with inflammation-related and oxidative stress pathway in cholestatic pathogenesis. Methods Rats were administrated with alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate to establish model of cholestasis and divided into corilagin, ursodeoxycholic acid, dexamethasone, model and normal groups with treatment of related agent. At 24h, 48h and 72h time points after administration, living condition, serum markers of liver damage, pathological changes of hepatic tissue, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) were examined and observed. Results Compared to model group, corilagin had remarkable effect on living condition, pathological manifestation of liver tissue, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, (P<0.01), but no effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). With corilagin intervention, levels of MPO, MDA and translocation of NF-κB were notably decreased, and levels of SOD and NO were markedly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions It is shown that corilagin is a potential component to relieve cholestasis through inflammation-related and oxidation-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospitalof Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China
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Melatonin-induced methylation of the ABCG2/BCRP promoter as a novel mechanism to overcome multidrug resistance in brain tumour stem cells. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2005-12. [PMID: 23632480 PMCID: PMC3670480 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Current evidence indicates that a stem cell-like sub-population within malignant glioblastomas, that overexpress members of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) family transporters, is responsible for multidrug resistance and tumour relapse. Eradication of the brain tumour stem cell (BTSC) compartment is therefore essential to achieve a stable and long-lasting remission. Methods: Melatonin actions were analysed by viability cell assays, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR for mRNA expression, western blot for protein expression and quantitative and qualitative promoter methylation methods. Results: Combinations of melatonin and chemotherapeutic drugs (including temozolomide, current treatment for malignant gliomas) have a synergistic toxic effect on BTSCs and A172 malignant glioma cells. This effect is correlated with a downregulation of the expression and function of the ABC transporter ABCG2/BCRP. Melatonin increased the methylation levels of the ABCG2/BCRP promoter and the effects on ABCG2/BCRP expression and function were prevented by preincubation with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Conclusion: Our results point out a possible relationship between the downregulation of ABCG2/BCRP function and the synergistic toxic effect of melatonin and chemotherapeutic drugs. Melatonin could be a promising candidate to overcome multidrug resistance in the treatment of glioblastomas, and thus improve the efficiency of current therapies.
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Huang YF, Zhang SL, Jin F, Cheng D, Zhou YP, Li HR, Tang ZM, Xue J, Cai W, Dong JH, Zhao L. Activity of Corilagin on Post-Parasiticide Liver Fibrosis in Schistosomiasis Animal Model. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:85-92. [PMID: 23527711 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects and possible molecular mechanisms of corilagin extraction on prevention of Schistosoma japonicum ova-induced granulomas and liver fibrosis. As a result, under a light microscope, when compared to a model group, the corilagin group showed smaller granulomas, less liver cell denaturation and less inflammatory cell infiltration, and the connective tissues were significantly decreased. By Masson staining, the liver sections from the corilagin group showed less collagen distributed around granulomas, decreased liver fibrosis in the portal tracts and less formed interlobular tissue. The expression of hydroxyproline, IL-13 in liver and GATA3 in spleen in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05 or 0.01), while the level of hydroxyproline, IL-13 and GATA3 in the corilagin group were significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). In conclusion, corilagin extraction can decrease the level of Th2-associated profibrotic cytokine IL-13, and down-regulate the transcription of GATA3 mRNA in spleen cells, which alleviate the hepatic fibrosis caused by egg granuloma in Schistosoma japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-F. Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- The No. 3 Department of Medicine, Hubei Provincial Crops Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Wuhan, PR China
| | - S.-L. Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - F. Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - D. Cheng
- Liver Disease Center, Department of Infectious Disease, Second Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Y.-P. Zhou
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - H.-R. Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Z.-M. Tang
- Department of Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - J. Xue
- Tumor Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - W. Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - J.-H. Dong
- Central Lab, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - L. Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Smith RW, Wang J, Schültke E, Seymour CB, Bräuer-Krisch E, Laissue JA, Blattmann H, Mothersill CE. Proteomic changes in the rat brain induced by homogenous irradiation and by the bystander effect resulting from high energy synchrotron X-ray microbeams. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:118-27. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.732252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Semenikhin OA. The role of redox environment in neurogenic development. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 534:44-54. [PMID: 22910298 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic changes of cellular redox elements during neurogenesis allow the control of specific programs for selective lineage progression. There are many redox couples that influence the cellular redox state. The shift from a reduced to an oxidized state and vice versa may act as a cellular switch mechanism of stem cell mode of action from proliferation to differentiation. The redox homeostasis ensures proper functioning of redox-sensitive signaling pathways through oxidation/reduction of critical cysteine residues on proteins involved in signal transduction. This review presents the current knowledge on the relation between changes in the cellular redox environment and stem cell programming in the course of commitment to a restricted neural lineage, focusing on in vivo neurogenesis and in vitro neuronal differentiation. The first two sections outline the main systems that control the intracellular redox environment and make it more oxidative or reductive. The last section provides the background on redox-sensitive signaling pathways that regulate neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.
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Alexiou GA, Goussia A, Voulgaris S, Fotopoulos AD, Fotakopoulos G, Ntoulia A, Zikou A, Tsekeris P, Argyropoulou MI, Kyritsis AP. Prognostic significance of MRP5 immunohistochemical expression in glioblastoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 69:1387-91. [PMID: 22278731 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor in adults, exhibiting poor survival. The efficacy of chemotherapy is often limited by the development of multidrug resistance by the tumor cells. In the current study, we investigated the prognostic significance of the multidrug resistance protein 5 (MRP5) in patients with GBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied 33 patients with GBM treated with a combination of surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. MRP5 protein expression was determined immunohistochemically and correlated with other prognostic factors and survival. RESULTS The immunohistochemical expression of MRP5 was observed in 0-45% of tumor cells. Patients with MRP5 index >11% exhibited significantly worse survival compared to those with MRP5 index ≤ 11 (10.5 vs. 18 months, p = 0.0002). Patients with Ki-67 index lower than 30% had longer survival (15 vs. 11 months, p = 0.0084). Furthermore, patients with a gross total tumor excision had better survival (p = 0.016). No significant difference was observed between preoperative Karnofsky performance score, age, gender and survival. In multivariate analysis, MRP5 index and the extent of tumor resection were identified as factors with independent prognostic power. CONCLUSION The present results imply that MRP5 index may hold a prognostic role in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Alexiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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Zobalova R, Prokopova K, Stantic M, Stapelberg M, Dong LF, Ralph SJ, Akporiaye E, Neuzil J. The potential role of CD133 in immune surveillance and apoptosis: a mitochondrial connection? Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2989-3002. [PMID: 21504364 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Recent research has shown that tumors contain a small subpopulation of stem-like cells that are more resistant to therapy and that are likely to produce second-line tumors. RECENT ADVANCES Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been characterized by a variety of markers, including, for a number of types of cancer, high expression of the plasma membrane protein CD133, which is also indicative of the increase of stemness of cultured cancer cells growing as spheres. CRITICAL ISSUES While the function of this protein has not yet been clearly defined, it may have a role in the stem-like phenotype of CSCs that cause (re-)initiation of tumors as well as their propagation. We hypothesize that CD133 selects for CSC survival against not only immunosurveillance mechanisms but also stress-induced apoptosis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS High level of expression of CD133 may be a useful marker of more aggressive tumors that are recalcitrant toward established therapies. Compelling preliminary data indicate that drugs targeting mitochondria may be utilized as a novel, efficient cancer therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Zobalova
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
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Yoon CH, Hyun KH, Kim RK, Lee H, Lim EJ, Chung HY, An S, Park MJ, Suh Y, Kim MJ, Lee SJ. The small GTPase Rac1 is involved in the maintenance of stemness and malignancies in glioma stem-like cells. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:2331-8. [PMID: 21704033 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell properties is responsible for tumor formation, maintenance, and malignant progression; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of cancer stem-like cell properties have remained unclear. Here, we show that the Rho family GTPase Rac1 is involved in the glioma stem-like cell (GSLC) maintenance and tumorigenicity in human glioma. The Rac1-Pak signaling was markedly activated in GSLCs. Knockdown of Rac1 caused reduction of expression of GSLC markers, self-renewal-related proteins and neurosphere formation. Moreover, down-regulation of Rac1 suppressed the migration, invasion, and malignant transformation in GSLCs. Furthermore, inhibition of Rac1 enhanced radiation sensitivity of GSLCs. These results indicate that the small GTPase Rac1 is involved in the maintenance of stemness and malignancies in GSLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jin F, Gao C, Zhao L, Zhang H, Wang HT, Shao T, Zhang SL, Wei YJ, Jiang XB, Zhou YP, Zhao HY. Using CD133 positive U251 glioblastoma stem cells to establish nude mice model of transplanted tumor. Brain Res 2011; 1368:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kuan CT, Wakiya K, Herndon JE, Lipp ES, Pegram CN, Riggins GJ, Rasheed A, Szafranski SE, McLendon RE, Wikstrand CJ, Bigner DD. MRP3: a molecular target for human glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:468. [PMID: 20809959 PMCID: PMC2940806 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is refractory to conventional therapies. To overcome the problem of heterogeneity, more brain tumor markers are required for prognosis and targeted therapy. We have identified and validated a promising molecular therapeutic target that is expressed by GBM: human multidrug-resistance protein 3 (MRP3). Methods We investigated MRP3 by genetic and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of human gliomas to determine the incidence, distribution, and localization of MRP3 antigens in GBM and their potential correlation with survival. To determine MRP3 mRNA transcript and protein expression levels, we performed quantitative RT-PCR, raising MRP3-specific antibodies, and IHC analysis with biopsies of newly diagnosed GBM patients. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to assess the correlation of RNA expression and IHC of MRP3 with patient survival, with and without adjustment for age, extent of resection, and KPS. Results Real-time PCR results from 67 GBM biopsies indicated that 59/67 (88%) samples highly expressed MRP3 mRNA transcripts, in contrast with minimal expression in normal brain samples. Rabbit polyvalent and murine monoclonal antibodies generated against an extracellular span of MRP3 protein demonstrated reactivity with defined MRP3-expressing cell lines and GBM patient biopsies by Western blotting and FACS analyses, the latter establishing cell surface MRP3 protein expression. IHC evaluation of 46 GBM biopsy samples with anti-MRP3 IgG revealed MRP3 in a primarily membranous and cytoplasmic pattern in 42 (91%) of the 46 samples. Relative RNA expression was a strong predictor of survival for newly diagnosed GBM patients. Hazard of death for GBM patients with high levels of MRP3 RNA expression was 2.71 (95% CI: 1.54-4.80) times that of patients with low/moderate levels (p = 0.002). Conclusions Human GBMs overexpress MRP3 at both mRNA and protein levels, and elevated MRP3 mRNA levels in GBM biopsy samples correlated with a higher risk of death. These data suggest that the tumor-associated antigen MRP3 has potential use for prognosis and as a target for malignant glioma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tsun Kuan
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Kuan CT, Srivastava N, McLendon RE, Marasco WA, Zalutsky MR, Bigner DD. Recombinant single-chain variable fragment antibodies against extracellular epitopes of human multidrug resistance protein MRP3 for targeting malignant gliomas. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:598-611. [PMID: 19937796 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3), a multidrug resistance protein identified by serial analysis of gene expression as a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-associated molecule, is highly expressed in GBM, but not in normal brain cells. Thus, MRP3 is a candidate for GBM immunotargeting, but to date, no monoclonal antibody has been isolated that can target an extracellular MRP3 epitope. By phage display, we have isolated 3 recombinant, fully human, single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies, M25, M58 and M89, which specifically react with the extracellular N-terminus of human MRP3. In ELISA, these scFvs reacted only with the peptide used for screening and not with other MRP3-derived peptides. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that these scFv fragments bind specifically to viable human GBM cells displaying different MRP3 expression levels, but not to MRP3-null cells. Furthermore, these scFv antibodies failed to react with tumor cells overexpressing other MRP proteins, including MRP1, MRP2, MRP4 and MRP5. M25 and M58 also bound to viable neurospheres. Iodogen-labeled scFvs demonstrated a yield of 56-76%. The immunoreactive fractions of the radiolabeled M25, M58 and M89 scFvs were 32, 52 and 69%, respectively. M25 exhibited 20% internalization into D2159MG neurospheres, M58, 33% into D54MG cells and M89, 26% into D247MG. Immunohistochemical evaluation of human gliomas to determine the localization of MRP3 antigen using scFvs M25 and M58 showed a dense cytoplasmic and membranous staining pattern. These Fv-based recombinant antibodies, which possess superior tumor penetration capabilities and selectively target tumor cells that express MRP3, may potentially be used in immunotherapy and diagnosis for brain tumors and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tsun Kuan
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Gazzaniga P, Naso G, Gradilone A, Cortesi E, Gandini O, Gianni W, Fabbri MA, Vincenzi B, di Silverio F, Frati L, Aglianò AM, Cristofanilli M. Chemosensitivity profile assay of circulating cancer cells: prognostic and predictive value in epithelial tumors. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:2437-47. [PMID: 19821489 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic value associated with the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer by the CellSearch technology raise additional issues regarding the biological value of this information. We postulated that a drug-resistance profile of CTCs may predict response to chemotherapy in cancer patients and therefore could be used for patient selection. One hundred 5 patients with diagnosis of carcinoma were enrolled in a prospective trial. CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood, and positive samples were evaluated for the expression of a panel of genes involved in anticancer drugs resistance. The drug-resistance profile was correlated with disease-free survival (DFS; patients in adjuvant setting) and time to progression (TTP; metastatic patients) in a 24-months follow-up. Objective response correlation was a secondary end point. Fifty-one percent of patients were found positive for CTCs while all blood samples from healthy donors were negative. The drug-resistance profile correlates with DFS and TTP (p < 0.001 in both). Sensitivity of the test: able to predict treatment response in 98% of patients. Specificity of the test: 100%; no sample from healthy subject was positive for the presence of CTCs. Positive and negative predictive values were found to be 96.5 and 100%, respectively. We identified a drug-resistance profile of CTCs, which is predictive of response to chemotherapy, independent of tumor type and stage of disease. This approach may represent a first step toward the individualization of chemotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gazzaniga
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 324, Roma, Italy.
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Jin F, Zhao L, Guo YJ, Zhao WJ, Zhang H, Wang HT, Shao T, Zhang SL, Wei YJ, Feng J, Jiang XB, Zhao HY. Influence of Etoposide on anti-apoptotic and multidrug resistance-associated protein genes in CD133 positive U251 glioblastoma stem-like cells. Brain Res 2010; 1336:103-11. [PMID: 20388502 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that cancer stem cell is responsible for the refractoriness of glioblastoma therapy. This study is to observe the influence of Etoposide on anti-apoptotic and multidrug resistance-associated protein genes in glioblastoma stem-like cells. U251 glioblastoma cells were cultured and CD133 positive cancer stem-like cells were isolated and identified. Cell counting kit-8 assay, cell morphology and flow cytometry were employed for assaying cell survival condition. Real-time quantitative PCR was chosen for detecting mRNA expression of livin, livinalpha, livinbeta, survivin, MRP1 and MRP3. As results, after Etoposide intervention, the U251 stem-like cells showed more resistant property, more intact morphology and lower apoptotic rate than that in U251 cells (p<0.05). It could be found that the expression of livinbeta in U251 stem-like cells was significantly higher (p<0.05). After Etoposide intervention, only livinalpha was suppressed markedly (p<0.05), while livin expression was not notably decreased with livinbeta increased on the contrary (p<0.05). MRP1 and MRP3 in U251 stem-like cells were significantly higher than that in cancer cells, and after chemotherapy, the expression of MRP1 increased notably (p<0.05). But the expression of survivin and MRP3 did not show these features. In conclusion, after Etoposide intervention glioblastoma stem-like cells showed a stronger resistance to apoptosis and death, and the anti-apoptotic gene livinbeta was more related with the high survival rate and MRP1 appeared to be more related with transporting chemotherapeutics out of glioblastoma stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China
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Liu R, Mitchell DA. Survivin as an immunotherapeutic target for adult and pediatric malignant brain tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:183-93. [PMID: 19756596 PMCID: PMC11030045 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Liu
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA.
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Fletcher JI, Haber M, Henderson MJ, Norris MD. ABC transporters in cancer: more than just drug efflux pumps. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10:147-56. [PMID: 20075923 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug transporter proteins are best known for their contributions to chemoresistance through the efflux of anticancer drugs from cancer cells. However, a considerable body of evidence also points to their importance in cancer extending beyond drug transport to fundamental roles in tumour biology. Currently, much of the evidence for these additional roles is correlative and definitive studies are needed to confirm causality. We propose that delineating the precise roles of these transporters in tumorigenesis and treatment response will be important for the development of more effective targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowry Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, P.O. BOX 151, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia
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Abstract
Recent developments in isolation and characterization of tumor stem cells (TSCs) have opened new possibilities for developing TSC-targeted therapies. Extensive efforts have been made to ascertain markers of TSCs, including cell surface, enzymatic, gene expression profile, and functional markers. These markers and the technologies used to identify and isolate TSCs are discussed in this review. TSC characteristics, such as quiescence, multidrug resistance, enhanced DNA repair ability, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, and various features of the in vivo niche, which may make them resistant to conventional therapy, are also discussed here. The increasing understanding of aberrantly expressed molecules and signaling pathways in TSCs may provide the foundation for design of therapeutic strategies for TSC ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Saini
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Frosina G. DNA repair and resistance of gliomas to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:989-99. [PMID: 19609002 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of DNA repair as a resistance mechanism in gliomas, the most aggressive form of brain tumor, is a clinically relevant topic. Recent studies show that not all cells are equally malignant in gliomas. Certain subpopulations are particularly prone to drive tumor progression and resist chemo- and radiotherapy. Those cells have been variably named cancer stem cells or cancer-initiating cells or tumor-propagating cells, owing to their possible (but still uncertain) origin from normal stem cells. Although DNA repair reduces the efficacy of chemotherapeutics and ionizing radiation toward bulk gliomas, its contribution to resistance of the rare glioma stem cell subpopulations is less clear. Mechanisms other than DNA repair (in particular low proliferation and activation of the DNA damage checkpoint response) are likely main players of resistance in glioma stem cells and their targeting might yield significant therapeutic gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Frosina
- Molecular Mutagenesis & DNA Repair Unit, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Abstract
Background: Cancerous stem-like cells (CSCs) have been implicated as cancer-initiating cells in a range of malignant tumours. Diverse genetic programs regulate CSC behaviours, and CSCs from glioblastoma patients are qualitatively distinct from each other. The intrinsic connection between the presence of CSCs and malignancy is unclear. We set out to test whether tumour stem-like cells can be identified from benign tumours. Methods: Tumour sphere cultures were derived from hormone-positive and -negative pituitary adenomas. Characterisation of tumour stem-like cells in vitro was performed using self-renewal assays, stem cell-associated marker expression analysis, differentiation, and stimulated hormone production assays. The tumour-initiating capability of these tumour stem-like cells was tested in serial brain tumour transplantation experiments using SCID mice. Results: In this study, we isolated sphere-forming, self-renewable, and multipotent stem-like cells from pituitary adenomas, which are benign tumours. We found that pituitary adenoma stem-like cells (PASCs), compared with their differentiated daughter cells, expressed increased levels of stem cell-associated gene products, antiapoptotic proteins, and pituitary progenitor cell markers. Similar to CSCs isolated from glioblastomas, PASCs are more resistant to chemotherapeutics than their differentiated daughter cells. Furthermore, differentiated PASCs responded to stimulation with hypothalamic hormones and produced corresponding pituitary hormones that are reflective of the phenotypes of the primary pituitary tumours. Finally, we demonstrated that PASCs are pituitary tumour-initiating cells in serial transplantation animal experiments. Conclusion: This study for the first time indicates that stem-like cells are present in benign tumours. The conclusions from this study may have applications to understanding pituitary tumour biology and therapies, as well as implications for the notion of tumour-initiating cells in general.
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Tie2-mediated multidrug resistance in malignant gliomas is associated with upregulation of ABC transporters. Oncogene 2009; 28:2358-63. [PMID: 19421150 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Resistance and relapse are still primary causes that result in poor effectiveness of chemotherapy in malignant gliomas. Therefore, development of new therapeutic strategies requires the identification of key molecular pathways regulating chemoresistance. We previously found that abnormal high expression of the Tie2 receptor in gliomas was associated with tumor malignancy. Here, we studied the role of Tie2 activation in drug resistance by testing the cytotoxicity of several chemotherapeutic drugs in a panel of human glioma cell lines and brain tumor stem cells and found that Tie2 activation was significantly related to chemoresistance. The essential role of Tie2 in this phenotype was illustrated by silencing Tie2 using specific siRNA, and the subsequent abrogation of the angiopoietin 1 (Ang1)-mediated chemoresistance. Using quantitative real-time PCR and functional drug efflux studies, we observed that Tie2 activation resulted in increased expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Consistent with these results, downmodulation of ABCG2 or ABCC2 resulted in the inability of Tie2 activation to induce a chemoresistant phenotype. Our results indicate that Tie2 activation may be important in modifying the evolution of gliomas during conventional chemotherapy regimens, and open new avenues for the search of more effective therapies to avoid the inevitable brain tumor recurrence.
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