1
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Agathos CP, Shanidze NM. Visual Field Dependence Persists in Age-Related Central Visual Field Loss. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:22. [PMID: 38345555 PMCID: PMC10866173 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine whether the age-related increase in visual field dependence persists in older adults with central field loss (CFL). Methods Twenty individuals with CFL were grouped into participants with age-related binocular CFL (CFL, n = 9), age-related monocular CFL/relative scotomata (mCFL, n = 8), and CFL occurring at a young age (yCFL, n = 3). Seventeen controls were age-matched to the older CFL groups (OA) and three to the yCFL group (yOA). Participants judged the tilt direction of a rod presented at various orientations under conditions with and without a visual reference. Visual field dependence was determined as the difference in judgment bias between trials with and without the visual reference. Visual field dependence was examined between groups and relative to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Results All older groups performed similarly without the visual reference. The CFL group showed greater visual field dependence than the OA group (Mann-Whitney U test; U = 39, P = 0.045). However, there was no group difference when considering all three older groups (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA; H(2, N = 34) = 4.31, P = 0.116). Poorer contrast sensitivity correlated with greater visual field dependence (P = 0.017; ρ = -0.43). Conclusions Visual field dependence persists in older adults with CFL and seems exacerbated in those with dense binocular scotomata. This could be attributed to the sensitivity of the spared peripheral retina to orientation and motion cues. The relationship with contrast sensitivity further suggests that a decline in visual function is associated with an increase in visual field dependence beyond the effects of normal aging. These observations can guide tailored care and rehabilitation in older adults with CFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P. Agathos
- The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Natela M. Shanidze
- The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
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2
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Tani K, Iio S, Kamiya M, Yoshizawa K, Shigematsu T, Fujishima I, Tanaka S. Neuroanatomy of reduced distortion of body-centred spatial coding during body tilt in stroke patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11853. [PMID: 37481585 PMCID: PMC10363170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the direction of the body's (longitudinal) axis is fundamental for action and perception. The perceived body axis orientation is strongly biased during body tilt; however, the neural substrates underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. Here, we tackled this issue using a neuropsychological approach in patients with hemispheric stroke. Thirty-seven stroke patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls adjusted a visual line with the perceived body longitudinal axis when the body was upright or laterally tilted by 10 degrees. The bias of the perceived body axis caused by body tilt, termed tilt-dependent error (TDE), was compared between the groups. The TDE was significantly smaller (i.e., less affected performance by body tilt) in the stroke group (15.9 ± 15.9°) than in the control group (25.7 ± 17.1°). Lesion subtraction analysis and Bayesian lesion-symptom inference revealed that the abnormally reduced TDEs were associated with lesions in the right occipitotemporal cortex, such as the superior and middle temporal gyri. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the neuroanatomy of body-centred spatial coding during whole-body tilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tani
- Laboratory of Psychology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
- Faculty of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin University, 2-1-15 Nishi-Ai, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-8502, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Iio
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 433-8511, Japan
| | - Masato Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 433-8511, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshizawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 433-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Shigematsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 433-8511, Japan
| | - Ichiro Fujishima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 433-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Psychology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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3
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Willey CR, Liu Z. Re-assessing the role of culture on the visual orientation perception of the rod and frame test. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276393. [PMID: 36264938 PMCID: PMC9584537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent research of culture and ethnicity in visual perception, some researchers have found support for the hypothesis that more collectivistic cultures tend to be more influenced by surrounding contextual visual information than more individualistic cultures. This hypothesis suggests that even low-level visual perception may not be universal and has great implications on how vision research should be conducted. The current study reexamines this hypothesis in the rod and frame task, which tests the influence of a tilted contextual frame on orientation perception of the rod. We found no difference between participants of East Asian and Western European descent in this task. Despite not finding the cultural effect, we found a well-reported gender effect in which women were more influenced by the tilt of the frame than men, helping to ensure the quality of the data collected. Our results suggest that contextual influence on visual perception does not affect East Asians and white Western Europeans differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chéla R. Willey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Zili Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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4
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Nikolaidou ME, Karfis V, Koutsouba M, Schroll A, Arampatzis A. Postural Balance Ability and the Effect of Visual Restriction on Older Dancers and Non-Dancers. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:707567. [PMID: 34632376 PMCID: PMC8494947 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.707567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dance has been suggested to be an advantageous exercise modality for improving postural balance performance and reducing the risk of falls in the older population. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether visual restriction impacts older dancers and non-dancers differently during a quiet stance balance performance test. We hypothesized higher balance performance and greater balance deterioration due to visual restriction in dancers compared with non-dancers, indicating the superior contribution of the visual channel in the expected higher balance performances of dancers. Sixty-nine (38 men, 31 women, 74 ± 6 years) healthy older adults participated and were grouped into a Greek traditional dance group (n = 31, two to three times/week for 1.5 h/session, minimum of 3 years) and a non-dancer control group (n = 38, no systematic exercise history). The participants completed an assessment of one-legged quiet stance trials using both left and right legs and with eyes open while standing barefoot on a force plate (Wii, A/D converter, 1,000 Hz; Biovision) and two-legged trials with both eyes open and closed. The possible differences in the anthropometric and one-legged balance parameters were examined by a univariate ANOVA with group and sex as fixed factors. This ANOVA was performed using the same fixed factors and vision as the repeated measures factor for the two-legged balance parameters. In the one-legged task, the dance group showed significantly lower values in anteroposterior and mediolateral sway amplitudes (p = 0.001 and p = 0.035) and path length measured in both directions (p = 0.001) compared with the non-dancers. In the two-legged stance, we found a significant vision effect on path length (p < 0.001) and anteroposterior amplitude (p < 0.001), whereas mediolateral amplitude did not differ significantly (p = 0.439) between closed and open eyes. The dance group had a significantly lower CoP path length (p = 0.006) and anteroposterior (p = 0.001) and mediolateral sway amplitudes (p = 0.003) both in the eyes-open and eyes-closed trials compared with the control group. The superior balance performance in the two postural tasks found in the dancers is possibly the result of the coordinated, aesthetically oriented intersegmental movements, including alternations between one- and two-legged stance phases, that comes with dance. Visual restriction resulted in a similar deterioration of balance performance in both groups, thus suggesting that the contribution of the visual channel alone cannot explain the superior balance performance of dancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elissavet Nikolaidou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Karfis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Koutsouba
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Arno Schroll
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Dahl MB, Peršoh D, Jentsch A, Kreyling J. Root-Associated Mycobiomes of Common Temperate Plants (Calluna vulgaris and Holcus lanatus) Are Strongly Affected by Winter Climate Conditions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:403-415. [PMID: 33452897 PMCID: PMC8384817 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Winter temperatures are projected to increase in Central Europe. Subsequently, snow cover will decrease, leading to increased soil temperature variability, with potentially different consequences for soil frost depending on e.g. altitude. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of increased winter soil temperature variability on the root associated mycobiome of two plant species (Calluna vulgaris and Holcus lanatus) at two sites in Germany; a colder and wetter upland site with high snow accumulation and a warmer and drier lowland site, with low snow accumulation. Mesocosm monocultures were set-up in spring 2010 at both sites (with soil and plants originating from the lowland site). In the following winter, an experimental warming pulse treatment was initiated by overhead infrared heaters and warming wires at the soil surface for half of the mesocosms at both sites. At the lowland site, the warming treatment resulted in a reduced number of days with soil frost as well as increased the average daily temperature amplitude. Contrary, the treatment caused no changes in these parameters at the upland site, which was in general a much more frost affected site. Soil and plant roots were sampled before and after the following growing season (spring and autumn 2011). High-throughput sequencing was used for profiling of the root-associated fungal (ITS marker) community (mycobiome). Site was found to have a profound effect on the composition of the mycobiome, which at the upland site was dominated by fast growing saprotrophs (Mortierellomycota), and at the lowland site by plant species-specific symbionts (e.g. Rhizoscyphus ericae and Microdochium bolleyi for C. vulgaris and H. lanatus respectively). The transplantation to the colder upland site and the temperature treatment at the warmer lowland site had comparable consequences for the mycobiome, implying that winter climate change resulting in higher temperature variability has large consequences for mycobiome structures regardless of absolute temperature of a given site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Borg Dahl
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17487, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Derek Peršoh
- Geobotanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreyling
- Institute of Botany and Landscape ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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6
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A preliminary cross-sectional assessment of postural control responses to continuous platform rotations following a sport-related concussion. Gait Posture 2020; 81:213-217. [PMID: 32798810 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals suffering a sport-related concussion typically recover within 1 month; however, persistent post-concussive symptoms are known to occur beyond this period. Clinical guidelines may not be sufficient to determine if dynamic postural control is still impaired at the point of the return to play decision. RESEARCH QUESTION Do individuals with a previous sport-related concussion who have returned to play show differences in postural control compared to individuals without a previous concussion, in response to continuous platform perturbations? METHODS Eight previously concussed and eight age- and position-matched participants completed six one-minute trials (three with eyes open/closed) whilst stood on a moving platform that rotated about the pitch axis with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 4° at a frequency of 0.8 Hz. Six trials were also captured during static quiet stance for comparison. Reactive and anticipatory stages of postural control were analysed by determining anteroposterior margins of stability (MoS) as a measure of whole-body postural control and head-to-trunk anchoring index as an indication of the head-trunk segmental coupling strategy. RESULTS Posterior MoS during platform rotations reduced for both groups during eyes closed trials, but previously concussed participants exhibited a significantly greater reduction (1.97 cm) in comparison to matched-controls (0.34 cm). Participants, regardless of group, showed a preference towards a head-stabilised-to-trunk strategy during platform rotations. There were no differences during static trials. SIGNIFICANCE This preliminary study suggests previously concussed athletes demonstrate a greater reduction in postural control whilst undergoing continuous platform rotations with eyes closed, which could indicate possible lingering deficits to other sensory systems such as the vestibular system, though participants were not likely to lose their balance.
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7
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Tramontano M, Piermaria J, Morone G, Reali A, Vergara M, Tamburella F. Postural Changes During Exteroceptive Thin Plantar Stimulation: The Effect of Prolonged Use and Different Plantar Localizations. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:49. [PMID: 31572134 PMCID: PMC6753192 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory information arising from the foot has an important role in posture as well as visual and vestibular cues. Our hypothesis is that the effects of prolonged stimulation are greater than those of short stimulation and that varying the plantar location can affect postural control. Forty healthy participants were recruited and randomly assigned to four different plantar location groups: Lateral Insert (LI), Medial Insert (MI), Disharmonious Insert (DI), and Central Insert (CI). An instrumental assessment was performed before the plantar stimulation (T0), immediately after the positioning of the inserts (T1), and after 7 days of daily stimulation (T7). A follow-up was performed 15 days after (T15). The following stabilometric parameters were considered for both open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE) conditions: length of the sway (L) of the Center of Pressure (CoP); CoP maximum movements in the medio-lateral (X), and antero-posterior directions (Y). Comparing the effects of different plantar insert locations, the MI and CI groups were significantly different in the follow-up measures at T15, specifically for closed eyes measures. When we compared measures across time within each location group, CI group increased measures of X and Y data at T7 compared to other assessment times (T0, T1, and T15). In both MI and LI groups, L was significantly reduced, and X significantly increased at the T7 assessment compared to the T0, T1, and T15 assessments. The prolonged use of exteroceptive plantar stimulation and the location of plantar inserts may have a role to reshape postural control.
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8
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Yu Y, Tucker CA, Lauer RT, Keshner EA. Influence of Visual Dependence on Inter-Segmental Coordination during Upright Stance in Cerebral Palsy. J Mot Behav 2019; 52:249-261. [PMID: 31063037 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2019.1610860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of visual dependence as an influential factor on the development of functional stability in ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) was studied in 22 adults with spastic bilateral CP, 11 of whom were considered visually dependent, and 18 healthy adults. Participants stood upright during pitch plane disturbances of the visual field and support surface. Intersegmental coordination behaviors were assessed by fitting trajectories of adjacent body segments to an ellipse. Mixed-model repeated measures ANOVAs were performed on ellipse orientation angle and area. Dissimilar stabilizing strategies adopted by the two groups with CP imply that visual dependence impacts postural control. Postural reorganization in response to visual flow in all groups indicates that we cannot ignore perceptual aspects of postural control when designing therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Yu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Carole A Tucker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard T Lauer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily A Keshner
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Cuturi LF, Gori M. Biases in the Visual and Haptic Subjective Vertical Reveal the Role of Proprioceptive/Vestibular Priors in Child Development. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1151. [PMID: 30666230 PMCID: PMC6330314 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the perception of verticality permits to disclose the perceptual mechanisms that underlie balance control and spatial navigation. Estimation of verticality in unusual body orientation with respect to gravity (e.g., laterally tilted in the roll plane) leads to biases that change depending on the encoding sensory modality and the amount of tilt. A well-known phenomenon is the A-effect, that is a bias toward the body tilt often interpreted in a Bayesian framework to be the byproduct of a prior peaked at the most common head and body orientation, i.e., upright. In this study, we took advantage of this phenomenon to study the interaction of visual, haptic sensory information with vestibular/proprioceptive priors across development. We tested children (5-13 y.o) and adults (>22 y.o.) in an orientation discrimination task laterally tilted 90° to their left-ear side. Experimental conditions differed for the tested sensory modality: visual-only, haptic-only, both modalities. Resulting accuracy depended on the developmental stage and the encoding sensory modality, showing A-effects in vision across all ages and in the haptic modality only for the youngest children whereas bimodal judgments show lack of multisensory integration in children. A Bayesian prior model nicely predicts the behavioral data when the peak of the prior distribution shifts across age groups. Our results suggest that vision is pivotal to acquire an idiotropic vector useful for improving precision when upright. The acquisition of such a prior might be related to the development of head and trunk coordination, a process that is fundamental for gaining successful spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F Cuturi
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Science and Technology for Children and Adults, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Science and Technology for Children and Adults, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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10
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Nair MA, Mulavara AP, Bloomberg JJ, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Cohen HS. Visual dependence and spatial orientation in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. J Vestib Res 2018; 27:279-286. [PMID: 29400684 DOI: 10.3233/ves-170623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
People with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) probably have otoconial particles displaced from the utricle into the posterior semicircular canal. This unilateral change in the inertial load distributions of the labyrinth may result in visual dependence and may affect balance control. The goal of this study was to explore the interaction between visual dependence and balance control. We compared 23 healthy controls to 17 people with unilateral BPPV on the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance on compliant foam with feet together, the Rod-and-Frame Test and a Mental Rotation Test. In controls, but not BPPV subjects, subjects with poor balance scores had significantly greater visual dependence, indicating that reliance on visual cues can affect balance control. BPPV and control subjects did not differ on the mental rotation task overall but BPPV reaction time was greater at greater orietantions, suggesting that this cognitive function was affected by BPPV. The side of impairment was strongly related to the side of perceived bias in the Earth vertical determined by BPPV subjects, indicating the relationship between the effect of asymmetric otolith unloading with simultaneous canal loading on spatial orientation perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Helen S Cohen
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Haynes W, Waddington G, Adams R, Isableu B. Relationships Between Accuracy in Predicting Direction of Gravitational Vertical and Academic Performance and Physical Fitness in Schoolchildren. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1528. [PMID: 30190696 PMCID: PMC6115510 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced levels of cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are both positively associated with health and academic outcomes, but less is known about the spatial processing and perceptual components of PA. Perception of vertical (PV) is a spatial orientation ability that is important for PA, and is usually measured as relative accuracy in aligning an object to gravitational vertical against a tilted background. However, evidence is inconclusive regarding the relationship of PV to educational outcomes – most importantly, numeracy. Students were recruited from primary schools in the Australian Capital Territory. A group of 341 (females n = 162, mean age 11.3 years) children performed all the tests required for this study. A computerised rod and frame test of PV employing a small (20°) visual angle was administered, and socio-economic status (SES), national education test results (NAPLAN, 2010), and CRF and PA data were collected. Correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were used to examine the inter-relationships between PV and CRF, PA, SES and NAPLAN results. The two extreme quartile score groups from the measures of PV, PA and CRF were examined in relation to NAPLAN scores. PV scores arising from testing with a small visual angle and SES were found to be significantly associated with overall academic scores, and with the Numeracy, Reading, and Writing components of academic performance. Female gender was significantly associated with Writing score, and male with Numeracy score. Being less influenced by the background tilted frame, and therefore having visual field independence (FI), was associated with significantly higher academic scores, with the largest effect in Numeracy scores (effect size, d = 0.82) and also associated with higher CRF and PA levels. FI was positively associated with all the academic modules examined, and most strongly with Numeracy test results, suggesting that FI provides an indicator of STEM ability. These findings suggest that further longitudinal research into strategies designed to enhance visual FI deserve consideration, with a focus on specialized PA programs for pre-pubescent children. It is possible that small visual angle spatial tasks during PA may stimulate neural networks involved in numerical cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Haynes
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Brice Isableu
- Aix-Marseille Univ., PSYCLE, Aix-en-Provence, France
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12
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Odin A, Faletto-Passy D, Assaban F, Pérennou D. Modulating the internal model of verticality by virtual reality and body-weight support walking: A pilot study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018; 61:292-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Chan JSY, Yan JH. Age-Related Changes in Field Dependence-Independence and Implications for Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Review. Percept Mot Skills 2018; 125:234-250. [PMID: 29388513 DOI: 10.1177/0031512518754422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human aging is a dynamic life-long process and an inevitable experience. As the average age of the world's population rises, demands for effective geriatric rehabilitation dramatically increase. An important consideration for enhancing geriatric behavioral interventions is to better understand aging characteristics in perceptual, cognitive, and motor performances. A general shift in cognitive style from field independence to field dependence has been consistently observed during human aging, as older adults show a greater tendency to rely on environmental information, presumably reflecting a neuro-compensatory mechanism of reducing top-down control and relying instead on bottom-up processing. These changes in cognitive style can impact motor skill learning and relearning and, consequently, affect geriatric rehabilitation and behavioral treatments. In this article, we review research related to the cognitive style of field dependence and independence, and its dynamic associations with aging. We also identify implications of cognitive style for geriatric rehabilitation and explore future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Y Chan
- 1 Laboratory of Neuromotor Control and Learning, 47890 Shenzhen University , China
| | - Jin H Yan
- 1 Laboratory of Neuromotor Control and Learning, 47890 Shenzhen University , China
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14
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Haynes W, Waddington G, Adams R. Physical activity, academic and developmental measures in older primary school-children: A principal components analysis. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2017.1413928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Haynes
- Faculty of Health, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Faculty of Health, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Roger Adams
- Faculty of Health, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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15
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Thalassinos M, Fotiadis G, Arabatzi F, Isableu B, Hatzitaki V. Sport Skill–Specific Expertise Biases Sensory Integration for Spatial Referencing and Postural Control. J Mot Behav 2017; 50:426-435. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2017.1363704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Thalassinos
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giorgos Fotiadis
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fotini Arabatzi
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Brice Isableu
- PSYCLE, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Vassilia Hatzitaki
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The attraction of the subjective visual vertical (SVV) to the side of initial rod presentation has already been described in adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate this phenomenon in children and to analyze the effect of sex and maturation in this population. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Six hundred and one individuals aged between 4 and 19 years. INTERVENTION All subjects underwent a complete balance workup. SVV was measured by presenting a laser line 12 times in total darkness with a 45 degrees deviation from the vertical alternatively on the left and the right. The patient was seated and asked to replace the bar vertically with a remote control. RESULTS On average, SVV was tilted to the side of the rod presentation at each iteration. The cumulative tilt to the side of presentation after 12 measures was higher in the 4 to 7 years age group and decreased progressively with age (25 ± 2.2 degrees in 4-7 years, n = 109 versus 5 ± 1.4 in 15-19 years, n = 204, p < 0.001, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). The cumulative tilt was higher in girls than in boys in the 15 to 19 years group (8 ± 2.5 degrees, n = 104 versus 2 ± 1.2, n = 100, respectively, p < 0.001, ANOVA). This phenomenon appeared independent from the type of vestibular disorder. CONCLUSION Young children are highly attracted to the side of rod presentation during SVV measurements. This phenomenon gradually disappears with maturation, faster in boys than in girls.
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Isableu B, Hlavackova P, Diot B, Vuillerme N. Regularity of Center of Pressure Trajectories in Expert Gymnasts during Bipedal Closed-Eyes Quiet Standing. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:317. [PMID: 28676748 PMCID: PMC5476688 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared postural control of expert gymnasts (G) to that of non-gymnasts (NG) during bipedal closed-eyes quiet standing using conventional and nonlinear dynamical measures of center of foot pressure (COP) trajectories. Earlier findings based on COP classical variables showed that gymnasts exhibited a better control of postural balance but only in demanding stances. We examined whether the effect of expertise in Gymnastic can be uncovered in less demanding stances, from the analysis of the dynamic patterns of COP trajectories. Three dependent variables were computed to describe the subject's postural behavior: the variability of COP displacements (ACoP), the variability of the COP velocities (VCoP) and the sample entropy of COP (SEnCoP) to quantify COP regularity (i.e., predictability). Conventional analysis of COP trajectories showed that NG and G exhibited similar amount and control of postural sway, as indicated by similar ACoP and VCoP values observed in NG and G, respectively. These results suggest that the specialized balance training received by G may not transfer to less challenging balance conditions such as the bipedal eyes-closed stance condition used in the present experiment. Interestingly, nonlinear dynamical analysis of COP trajectories regarding COP regularity showed that G exhibited more irregular COP fluctuations relative to NG, as indicated by the higher SEnCoP values observed for the G than for the NG. The present results showed that a finer-grained analysis of the dynamic patterns of the COP displacements is required to uncover an effect of gymnastic expertise on postural control in nondemanding postural stance. The present findings shed light on the surplus value in the nonlinear dynamical analysis of COP trajectories to gain further insight into the mechanisms involved in the control of bipedal posture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Hlavackova
- Équipe d'Accueil Autonomy, Gerontology, E-health, Imaging & Society, Université Grenoble-AlpesGrenoble, France.,Grenoble Alpes University HospitalGrenoble, France
| | - Bruno Diot
- Équipe d'Accueil Autonomy, Gerontology, E-health, Imaging & Society, Université Grenoble-AlpesGrenoble, France.,Informatique de SécuritéMontceau-les-Mines, France
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- Équipe d'Accueil Autonomy, Gerontology, E-health, Imaging & Society, Université Grenoble-AlpesGrenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de FranceParis, France
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Foisy A, Kapoula Z. Plantar Exteroceptive Inefficiency causes an asynergic use of plantar and visual afferents for postural control: Best means of remediation. Brain Behav 2017. [PMID: 28638699 PMCID: PMC5474697 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some subjects have difficulty to integrate both visual and plantar inputs, showing at the same time a "postural blindness" and a Plantar Exteroceptive Inefficiency (PEI). The former corresponds to a better stability eyes closed (EC) than eyes open (EO), while the latter is defined as a better stability on foam than on firm ground. Clinical studies reported that a manipulation of either plantar or visual input could affect the weight of both cues in postural control, suggesting interdependence in their use. The purpose of the experiment is to characterize the PEI phenomenon better and see if such synergy can be objectified. METHODS We recruited 48 subjects (25 ± 3.3 years) and assessed their balance with a force platform, EO, EC, at 40 or 200 cm, on firm ground, Dépron® foam, Dynachoc® foam, or on a 3 mm-thick Anterior Bar AB®. We assessed their sensorial preferences through their PQ and RQ. RESULTS The main results are that there normally exists a synergy in the use of plantar and visual afferents, but only at 40 cm and in the absence of PEI. CONCLUSIONS Plantar Exteroceptive Inefficiency interferes with the role of vision in postural control, its effects are distance specific, are better revealed by Dépron® foam and the AB® improves posture but does not solve visual-podal asynergy. These results also have clinical interests as they indicate the best way in terms of distance and choice of foam to diagnostic PEI. Finally, they suggest restricting the use of the AB®, commonly employed. These findings can be useful for clinicians concerned with foot, eye, and posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Foisy
- IRIS Team, Physiopathologie de la Vision et Motricité Binoculaire FR3636 Neurosciences CNRS, University Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Zoï Kapoula
- IRIS Team, Physiopathologie de la Vision et Motricité Binoculaire FR3636 Neurosciences CNRS, University Paris Descartes Paris France
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Goel R, De Dios YE, Gadd NE, Caldwell EE, Peters BT, Reschke MF, Bloomberg JJ, Oddsson LIE, Mulavara AP. Assessing Somatosensory Utilization during Unipedal Postural Control. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:21. [PMID: 28443004 PMCID: PMC5387047 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisensory-visual, vestibular and somatosensory information is integrated for appropriate postural control. The primary goal of this study was to assess somatosensory utilization during a functional motor task of unipedal postural control, in normal healthy adults. Assessing individual bias in the utilization of individual sensory contributions during postural control may help customization of rehabilitation protocols. In this study, a test paradigm of unipedal stance control in supine orientation with and without vision was assessed. Postural control in this test paradigm was hypothesized to utilize predominantly contributions of somatosensory information from the feet and ankle joint, with minimal vestibular input. Fourteen healthy subjects "stood" supine on their dominant leg while strapped to a backpack frame that was freely moving on air-bearings, to remove available otolith tilt cues with respect to gravity that influences postural control when standing upright. The backpack was attached through a cable to a pneumatic cylinder that provided a gravity-like load. Subjects performed three trials each with Eyes-open (EO) and Eyes-closed (EC) while loaded with 60% body weight. There was no difference in unipedal stance time (UST) across the two conditions with EC condition challenging the postural control system greater than the EO condition. Stabilogram-diffusion analysis (SDA) indicated that the critical mean square displacement was significantly different between the two conditions. Vestibular cues, both in terms of magnitude and the duration for which relevant information was available for postural control in this test paradigm, were minimized. These results support our hypothesis that maintaining unipedal stance in supine orientation without vision, minimizes vestibular contribution and thus predominantly utilizes somatosensory information for postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Goel
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of HoustonHouston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars I E Oddsson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program in Rehabilitation Science, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA.,Recaniti School for Community Health Professions, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeersheba, Israel
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Agathos CP, Bernardin D, Baranton K, Assaiante C, Isableu B. Drifting while stepping in place in old adults: Association of self-motion perception with reference frame reliance and ground optic flow sensitivity. Neuroscience 2017; 347:134-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Olivier A, Faugloire E, Lejeune L, Biau S, Isableu B. Head Stability and Head-Trunk Coordination in Horseback Riders: The Contribution of Visual Information According to Expertise. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:11. [PMID: 28194100 PMCID: PMC5277006 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining equilibrium while riding a horse is a challenging task that involves complex sensorimotor processes. We evaluated the relative contribution of visual information (static or dynamic) to horseback riders' postural stability (measured from the variability of segment position in space) and the coordination modes they adopted to regulate balance according to their level of expertise. Riders' perceptual typologies and their possible relation to postural stability were also assessed. Our main assumption was that the contribution of visual information to postural control would be reduced among expert riders in favor of vestibular and somesthetic reliance. Twelve Professional riders and 13 Club riders rode an equestrian simulator at a gallop under four visual conditions: (1) with the projection of a simulated scene reproducing what a rider sees in the real context of a ride in an outdoor arena, (2) under stroboscopic illumination, preventing access to dynamic visual cues, (3) in normal lighting but without the projected scene (i.e., without the visual consequences of displacement) and (4) with no visual cues. The variability of the position of the head, upper trunk and lower trunk was measured along the anteroposterior (AP), mediolateral (ML), and vertical (V) axes. We computed discrete relative phase to assess the coordination between pairs of segments in the anteroposterior axis. Visual field dependence-independence was evaluated using the Rod and Frame Test (RFT). The results showed that the Professional riders exhibited greater overall postural stability than the Club riders, revealed mainly in the AP axis. In particular, head variability was lower in the Professional riders than in the Club riders in visually altered conditions, suggesting a greater ability to use vestibular and somesthetic information according to task constraints with expertise. In accordance with this result, RFT perceptual scores revealed that the Professional riders were less dependent on the visual field than were the Club riders. Finally, the Professional riders exhibited specific coordination modes that, unlike the Club riders, departed from pure in-phase and anti-phase patterns and depended on visual conditions. The present findings provide evidence of major differences in the sensorimotor processes contributing to postural control with expertise in horseback riding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Olivier
- CIAMS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-SaclayOrsay, France; CIAMS, Université d'OrléansOrléans, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CESAMSCaen, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Biau
- ENE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation Saumur, France
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Micarelli A, Viziano A, Bruno E, Micarelli E, Alessandrini M. Vestibular impairment in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Component analysis findings. J Vestib Res 2017; 26:459-468. [DOI: 10.3233/ves-160594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Micarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Neuroscience Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Viziano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Bruno
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Micarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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23
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Deranged Dimensionality of Vestibular Re-Weighting in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lobjois R, Dagonneau V, Isableu B. The contribution of visual and proprioceptive information to the perception of leaning in a dynamic motorcycle simulator. ERGONOMICS 2016; 59:1428-1441. [PMID: 26911198 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1149229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Compared with driving or flight simulation, little is known about self-motion perception in riding simulation. The goal of this study was to examine whether or not continuous roll motion supports the sensation of leaning into bends in dynamic motorcycle simulation. To this end, riders were able to freely tune the visual scene and/or motorcycle simulator roll angle to find a pattern that matched their prior knowledge. Our results revealed idiosyncrasy in the combination of visual and proprioceptive information. Some subjects relied more on the visual dimension, but reported increased sickness symptoms with the visual roll angle. Others relied more on proprioceptive information, tuning the direction of the visual scenery to match three possible patterns. Our findings also showed that these two subgroups tuned the motorcycle simulator roll angle in a similar way. This suggests that sustained inertially specified roll motion have contributed to the sensation of leaning in spite of the occurrence of unexpected gravito-inertial stimulation during the tilt. Several hypotheses are discussed. Practitioner Summary: Self-motion perception in motorcycle simulation is a relatively new research area. We examined how participants combined visual and proprioceptive information. Findings revealed individual differences in the visual dimension. However, participants tuned the simulator roll angle similarly, supporting the hypothesis that sustained inertially specified roll motion contributes to a leaning sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Lobjois
- a Laboratory for Road Operations, Perception, Simulators and Simulation , French Institute of Sciences and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks, Paris-Est University , Marne la Vallée Cedex 2 , France
| | | | - Brice Isableu
- c CIAMS Laboratory (EA 4532), MHAPS Team , Paris-Sud University , Orsay Cedex , France
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Sozzi S, Nardone A, Schieppati M. Calibration of the Leg Muscle Responses Elicited by Predictable Perturbations of Stance and the Effect of Vision. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:419. [PMID: 27625599 PMCID: PMC5003929 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor adaptation due to task practice implies a gradual shift from deliberate control of behavior to automatic processing, which is less resource- and effort-demanding. This is true both for deliberate aiming movements and for more stereotyped movements such as locomotion and equilibrium maintenance. Balance control under persisting critical conditions would require large conscious and motor effort in the absence of gradual modification of the behavior. We defined time-course of kinematic and muscle features of the process of adaptation to repeated, predictable perturbations of balance eliciting both reflex and anticipatory responses. Fifty-nine sinusoidal (10 cm, 0.6 Hz) platform displacement cycles were administered to 10 subjects eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO). Head and Center of Mass (CoM) position, ankle angle and Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Soleus (Sol) EMG were assessed. EMG bursts were classified as reflex or anticipatory based on the relationship between burst amplitude and ankle angular velocity. Muscle activity decreased over time, to a much larger extent for TA than Sol. The attenuation was larger for the reflex than the anticipatory responses. Regardless of muscle activity attenuation, latency of muscle bursts and peak-to-peak CoM displacement did not change across perturbation cycles. Vision more than doubled speed and the amount of EMG adaptation particularly for TA activity, rapidly enhanced body segment coordination, and crucially reduced head displacement. The findings give new insight on the mode of amplitude- and time-modulation of motor output during adaptation in a balancing task, advocate a protocol for assessing flexibility of balance strategies, and provide a reference for addressing balance problems in patients with movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sozzi
- Centro Studi Attività Motorie (CSAM), Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS) Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Posture and Movement Laboratory, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS)Veruno, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern PiedmontNovara, Italy
| | - Marco Schieppati
- Centro Studi Attività Motorie (CSAM), Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS)Pavia, Italy; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
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Bringoux L, Scotto Di Cesare C, Borel L, Macaluso T, Sarlegna FR. Do Visual and Vestibular Inputs Compensate for Somatosensory Loss in the Perception of Spatial Orientation? Insights from a Deafferented Patient. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:181. [PMID: 27199704 PMCID: PMC4848302 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the consequences of a massive loss of somatosensory inputs on the perception of spatial orientation. The occurrence of possible compensatory processes for external (i.e., object) orientation perception and self-orientation perception was examined by manipulating visual and/or vestibular cues. To that aim, we compared perceptual responses of a deafferented patient (GL) with respect to age-matched Controls in two tasks involving gravity-related judgments. In the first task, subjects had to align a visual rod with the gravitational vertical (i.e., Subjective Visual Vertical: SVV) when facing a tilted visual frame in a classic Rod-and-Frame Test. In the second task, subjects had to report whether they felt tilted when facing different visuo-postural conditions which consisted in very slow pitch tilts of the body and/or visual surroundings away from vertical. Results showed that, much more than Controls, the deafferented patient was fully dependent on spatial cues issued from the visual frame when judging the SVV. On the other hand, the deafferented patient did not rely at all on visual cues for self-tilt detection. Moreover, the patient never reported any sensation of tilt up to 18° contrary to Controls, hence showing that she did not rely on vestibular (i.e., otoliths) signals for the detection of very slow body tilts either. Overall, this study demonstrates that a massive somatosensory deficit substantially impairs the perception of spatial orientation, and that the use of the remaining sensory inputs available to a deafferented patient differs regarding whether the judgment concerns external vs. self-orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Bringoux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287 Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Scotto Di Cesare
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287Marseille, France; Cognitive Neuroscience Department and Cognitive Interaction Technology, Center of Excellence, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Liliane Borel
- CNRS, LNIA UMR 7260, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Macaluso
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287 Marseille, France
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Subjective Visual Vertical Tilt Attraction to the Side of Rod Presentation: Effects of Age, Sex, and Vestibular Disorders. Otol Neurotol 2016; 36:1074-80. [PMID: 25923122 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of initial rod position on the subjective visual vertical (SVV) tilt and to investigate the effect of sex and age on the SVV tilt induced by this initial position. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS The study included 6598 consecutive patients with a large range of vestibular disorders and 333 control subjects. The mean age was 55 years (range, 3-97), and the sex ratio was 0.6. INTERVENTION SVV was measured by presenting a phosphorescent rod 12 times in total darkness with a 45-degree deviation from the vertical alternatively on the right and left. The patient was asked to replace the bar vertically with a remote control. RESULTS On average, SVV at each iteration was tilted to the side of the rod presentation. It was stronger in female subjects, in younger individuals (<20 years) and seniors (>50). It was also higher in patients with a left vestibular loss in comparison to those with a right involvement. CONCLUSIONS These effects suggest that short-term visual memory and multisensory cortical processing interfere with SVV measurements.
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Agathos CP, Bernardin D, Huchet D, Scherlen AC, Assaiante C, Isableu B. Sensorimotor and cognitive factors associated with the age-related increase of visual field dependence: a cross-sectional study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9805. [PMID: 26122710 PMCID: PMC4485658 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reliance on the visual frame of reference for spatial orientation (or visual field dependence) has been reported to increase with age. This has implications on old adults' daily living tasks as it affects stability, attention, and adaptation capacities. However, the nature and underlying mechanisms of this increase are not well defined. We investigated sensorimotor and cognitive factors possibly associated with increased visual field dependence in old age, by considering functions that are both known to degrade with age and important for spatial orientation and sensorimotor control: reliance on the (somatosensory-based) egocentric frame of reference, visual fixation stability, and attentional processing of complex visual scenes (useful field of view, UFOV). Twenty young, 18 middle-aged, and 20 old adults completed a visual examination, three tests of visual field dependence (RFT, RDT, and GEFT), a test of egocentric dependence (subjective vertical estimation with the body erect and tilted at 70°), a visual fixation task, and a test of visual attentional processing (UFOV®). Increased visual field dependence with age was associated with reduced egocentric dependence, visual fixation stability, and visual attentional processing. In addition, visual fixation instability and reduced UFOV were correlated. Results of middle-aged adults fell between those of the young and old, revealing the progressive nature of the age effects we evaluated. We discuss results in terms of reference frame selection with respect to ageing as well as visual and non-visual information processing. Inter-individual differences amongst old adults are highlighted and discussed with respect to the functionality of increased visual field dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P Agathos
- R&D Optics Department, Vision Sciences Department, Essilor International, 75012, Paris, France,
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Tjernström F, Björklund M, Malmström EM. Romberg ratio in quiet stance posturography--Test to retest reliability. Gait Posture 2015; 42:27-31. [PMID: 25891528 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated test to retest reliability and intraindividual variability of Romberg ratios in quiet stance posturography. Thirty-six healthy young adults (17 males, 19 females aged 15-38 years) were divided into 3 groups with different time-intervals between consecutive trials (20 min, 3h and 24h respectively). Each group performed 5 posturography recordings in a randomized order of eyes open (EO) or closed (EC)+once after 3 months. We measured the torque variance in posturography and calculated Romberg ratios. Total postural sway as well as sway above and below 0.1Hz was analyzed. RESULTS Test to retest reliability was found to be poor for Romberg ratios (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) <0.4) despite that the individual EO and EC posturography recordings were consistent. For sway >0.1Hz the Romberg ratios were found to be more consistent (fair to good, ICC 0.49-0.71). The variation between two consecutive tests (absolute difference (%)) was high when using the traditional Romberg ratio (EC/EO), but became less varied if an alternate formula that includes the total postural sway was used ((EC-EO)/(EC+EO)×100). CONCLUSION In healthy young adults the evaluation of ratios from repeated quiet stance posturography show great intraindividual inconsistency. This questions the Romberg ratio as being a reliable tool for evaluation of postural performance and determination of sensory preference in postural control, at least in healthy controls. Whether test-retest reliability is acceptable in patient cohorts needs to be evaluated for proper validity of intervention and outcome studies and for detection of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Tjernström
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Måns Björklund
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva-Maj Malmström
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Section for Specialized Pain Rehabilitation and Centre for Research and Development, Skåne University Hospital, S-22185 Lund, Sweden
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Scotto Di Cesare C, Macaluso T, Mestre DR, Bringoux L. Slow changing postural cues cancel visual field dependence on self-tilt detection. Gait Posture 2015; 41:198-202. [PMID: 25457479 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Interindividual differences influence the multisensory integration process involved in spatial perception. Here, we assessed the effect of visual field dependence on self-tilt detection relative to upright, as a function of static vs. slow changing visual or postural cues. To that aim, we manipulated slow rotations (i.e., 0.05° s(-1)) of the body and/or the visual scene in pitch. Participants had to indicate whether they felt being tilted forward at successive angles. Results show that thresholds for self-tilt detection substantially differed between visual field dependent/independent subjects, when only the visual scene was rotated. This difference was no longer present when the body was actually rotated, whatever the visual scene condition (i.e., absent, static or rotated relative to the observer). These results suggest that the cancellation of visual field dependence by dynamic postural cues may rely on a multisensory reweighting process, where slow changing vestibular/somatosensory inputs may prevail over visual inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scotto Di Cesare
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, France; Cognitive Neuroscience Department and Cognitive Interaction Technology - Center of Excellence, Bielefeld University, Germany.
| | - T Macaluso
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, France
| | - D R Mestre
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, France
| | - L Bringoux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, France
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Layne CS, Chelette AM, Pourmoghaddam A. Impact of altered lower limb proprioception produced by tendon vibration on adaptation to split-belt treadmill walking. Somatosens Mot Res 2014; 32:31-8. [PMID: 25162146 DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2014.949007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that proprioceptive input is essential to the development of a locomotor body schema that is used to guide the assembly of successful walking. Proprioceptive information is used to signal the need for, and promotion of, locomotor adaptation in response to environmental or internal modifications. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if tendon vibration applied to either the hamstrings or quadriceps of participants experiencing split-belt treadmill walking modified lower limb kinematics during the early adaptation period. Modifications in the adaptive process in response to vibration would suggest that the sensory-motor system had been unsuccessful in down weighting the disruptive proprioceptive input resulting from vibration. Ten participants experienced split-belt walking, with and without vibration, while gait kinematics were obtained with a 12-camera collection system. Bilateral hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were calculated and the first five strides after the split were averaged for each subject to create joint angle waveforms for each of the assessed joints, for each experimental condition. The intralimb variables of stride length, percent stance time, and relative timing between various combinations of peak joint angles were assessed using repeated measures MANOVA. Results indicate that vibration had very little impact on the split-belt walking adaptive process, although quadriceps vibration did significantly reduce percent stance time by 1.78% relative to the no vibration condition. The data suggest that the perceptual-motor system was able to down weight the disrupted proprioceptive input such that the locomotor body schema was able to effectively manage the lower limb patterns of motion necessary to adapt to the changing belt speed. Complementary explanations for the current findings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Layne
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston , Houston, Texas , USA
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Wiener-Vacher SR, Hamilton DA, Wiener SI. Vestibular activity and cognitive development in children: perspectives. Front Integr Neurosci 2013; 7:92. [PMID: 24376403 PMCID: PMC3858645 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular signals play an essential role in oculomotor and static and dynamic posturomotor functions. Increasing attention is now focusing on their impact on spatial and non-spatial cognitive functions. Movements of the head in space evoke vestibular signals that make important contributions during the development of brain representations of body parts relative to one another as well as representations of body orientation and position within the environment. A central nervous system pathway relays signals from the vestibular nuclei to the hippocampal system where this input is indispensable for neuronal responses selective for the position and orientation of the head in space. One aspect of the hippocampal systems’ processing to create episodic and contextual memories is its role in spatial orientation and navigation behaviors that require processing of relations between background cues. These are also impaired in adult patients with vestibular deficits. However little is known about the impact of vestibular loss on cognitive development in children. This is investigated here with a particular emphasis upon the hypothetical mechanisms and potential impact of vestibular loss at critical ages on the development of respective spatial and non-spatial cognitive processes and their brain substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvette R Wiener-Vacher
- Vestibular and Oculomotor Evaluation Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Robert Debré Pediatric Hospital Paris, France
| | - Derek A Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sidney I Wiener
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, UMR-7152, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Collège de France Paris, France ; Memolife Laboratory of Excellence, Paris Science and Letters University Paris, France
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33
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Israël I, Capelli A, Priot AE, Giannopulu I. Spatial linear navigation: is vision necessary? Neurosci Lett 2013; 554:34-8. [PMID: 24021798 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to analyze spatial linear navigation through a task of self-controlled reproduction, healthy participants were passively transported on a mobile robot at constant velocity, and then had to reproduce the imposed distance of 2-8m in two conditions: "with vision" and "without vision". Our hypothesis was that the reproduction of distances would be longer with than without visual information. Indeed, with visual information the reproduction of all distances was overshot. In the "without vision" condition the reproduced distances were quite close to the imposed ones, but only for the shortest distances (2 and 4m) as the longest ones were clearly undershot. With vision the reproduction error was less than 10% for all distances; however the error could be smaller without vision at short distances, and therefore vision was not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Israël
- EPHE-CHArt, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France.
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Interaction of support surface stability and Achilles tendon vibration during a postural adaptation task. Hum Mov Sci 2013; 32:214-27. [PMID: 23465726 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Orchestration of sensory-motor information and adaptation to internal or external, acute or chronic changes is one of the fundamental features of human postural control. The postural control system is challenged on a daily basis, and displays a remarkable ability to adapt to both long and short term challenges. To explore the interaction between support surface stability and Achilles tendon vibration during a period of adaptation we used both a linear measure and a non-linear measure derived from center-of-pressure (COP) data. An equilibrium score (ES), based upon peak amplitude of anterior-posterior sway towards theoretical limits of stability was the linear measure used to assess postural performance. We observed early effects of vibration on postural stability, depending on support characteristics. Participants were able to decrease sway with extended practice over days, independent of support surface stability. Approximate entropy analysis of COP data provided additional information about control adaptation processes.
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Slaboda JC, Keshner EA. Reorientation to vertical modulated by combined support surface tilt and virtual visual flow in healthy elders and adults with stroke. J Neurol 2012; 259:2664-72. [PMID: 22743790 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We explored how changes in visual attention impacted postural motor performance in healthy elders and adults post-stroke within a virtual reality environment, including when vestibular information was not perceptible. Visual dependence in 13 healthy (50-80 years) and 13 adults post-stroke (49-70 years) was assessed with a rod-and-frame task. Three degree support surface dorsiflexion tilts at 30°/s were combined with 30° and 45°/s continuous pitch rotations of the visual environment. The support surface remained tilted for 30 s followed by a 0.1°/s return to neutral during continued visual field rotation. Body displacement and ankle muscle responses were recorded, and wavelet transforms calculated. Muscle frequencies and kinematic measures were examined with functional principal component analysis, and weights compared through mixed model repeated measures ANOVA. Both populations exhibited increased backward sway with pitch upward visual field motion; adults post-stroke produced significantly larger muscle responses. Lateral sway was most regulated when visual flow velocity matched platform velocity. Visual flow summed with direction of support surface instability and visually dependent individuals produced more controlled lateral sway when viewing a dynamic visual field. Provoking postural instability within a dynamic visual flow field could serve as a training tool for postural stabilizing actions, particularly when visual dependence is exhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Slaboda
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-3029, USA.
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36
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Gait adaptability training is affected by visual dependency. Exp Brain Res 2012; 220:1-9. [PMID: 22585123 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of a larger gait adaptability training study, we designed a program that presented combinations of visual flow and support-surface manipulations to investigate the response of healthy adults to walking on a treadmill in novel discordant sensorimotor conditions. A visual dependence score was determined for each subject, and this score was used to explore how visual dependency was linked to locomotor performance (1) during three training sessions and (2) in a new discordant environment presented at the conclusion of training. Performance measures included reaction time (RT), stride frequency (SF), and heart rate (HR), which respectively served as indicators of cognitive load, postural stability, and anxiety. We hypothesized that training would affect performance measures differently for highly visually dependent individuals than for their less visually dependent counterparts. A seemingly unrelated estimation analysis of RT, SF, and HR revealed a significant omnibus interaction of visual dependency by session (p < 0.001), suggesting that the magnitude of differences in these measures across training day 1 (TD1), training day 3 (TD3), and exposure to a novel test is dependent on subjects' levels of visual dependency. The RT result, in particular, suggested that highly visually dependent subjects successfully trained to one set of sensory discordant conditions but were unable to apply their adapted skills when introduced to a new sensory discordant environment. This finding augments rationale for developing customized gait training programs that are tailored to an individual. It highlights one factor--personal level of visual dependency--to consider when designing training conditions for a subject or patient. Finally, the link between visual dependency and locomotor performance may offer predictive insight regarding which subjects in a normal population will require more training when preparing for specific novel locomotor conditions.
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Gueguen M, Vuillerme N, Isableu B. Does the integration of haptic and visual cues reduce the effect of a biased visual reference frame on the subjective head orientation? PLoS One 2012; 7:e34380. [PMID: 22509295 PMCID: PMC3324492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The selection of appropriate frames of reference (FOR) is a key factor in the elaboration of spatial perception and the production of robust interaction with our environment. The extent to which we perceive the head axis orientation (subjective head orientation, SHO) with both accuracy and precision likely contributes to the efficiency of these spatial interactions. A first goal of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of both the visual and egocentric FOR (centre-of-mass) in the SHO processing. A second goal was to investigate humans' ability to process SHO in various sensory response modalities (visual, haptic and visuo-haptic), and the way they modify the reliance to either the visual or egocentric FORs. A third goal was to question whether subjects combined visual and haptic cues optimally to increase SHO certainty and to decrease the FORs disruption effect. Methodology/Principal Findings Thirteen subjects were asked to indicate their SHO while the visual and/or egocentric FORs were deviated. Four results emerged from our study. First, visual rod settings to SHO were altered by the tilted visual frame but not by the egocentric FOR alteration, whereas no haptic settings alteration was observed whether due to the egocentric FOR alteration or the tilted visual frame. These results are modulated by individual analysis. Second, visual and egocentric FOR dependency appear to be negatively correlated. Third, the response modality enrichment appears to improve SHO. Fourth, several combination rules of the visuo-haptic cues such as the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), Winner-Take-All (WTA) or Unweighted Mean (UWM) rule seem to account for SHO improvements. However, the UWM rule seems to best account for the improvement of visuo-haptic estimates, especially in situations with high FOR incongruence. Finally, the data also indicated that FOR reliance resulted from the application of UWM rule. This was observed more particularly, in the visual dependent subject. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings emphasize the importance of identifying individual spatial FOR preferences to assess the efficiency of our interaction with the environment whilst performing spatial tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gueguen
- Univ Paris Sud, URCIAMS-Motor Control & Perception team, Orsay, France.
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Kaleff CR, Aschidamini C, Baron J, Di Leone CN, Leone CN, Canavarro S, Vargas CD. Semi-automatic measurement of visual verticality perception in humans reveals a new category of visual field dependency. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:754-61. [PMID: 21779636 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous assessment of verticality by means of rod and rod and frame tests indicated that human subjects can be more (field dependent) or less (field independent) influenced by a frame placed around a tilted rod. In the present study we propose a new approach to these tests. The judgment of visual verticality (rod test) was evaluated in 50 young subjects (28 males, ranging in age from 20 to 27 years) by randomly projecting a luminous rod tilted between -18 and +18° (negative values indicating left tilts) onto a tangent screen. In the rod and frame test the rod was displayed within a luminous fixed frame tilted at +18 or -18°. Subjects were instructed to verbally indicate the rod's inclination direction (forced choice). Visual dependency was estimated by means of a Visual Index calculated from rod and rod and frame test values. Based on this index, volunteers were classified as field dependent, intermediate and field independent. A fourth category was created within the field-independent subjects for whom the amount of correct guesses in the rod and frame test exceeded that of the rod test, thus indicating improved performance when a surrounding frame was present. In conclusion, the combined use of subjective visual vertical and the rod and frame test provides a specific and reliable form of evaluation of verticality in healthy subjects and might be of use to probe changes in brain function after central or peripheral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Kaleff
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Differential integration of visual and kinaesthetic signals to upright stance. Exp Brain Res 2011; 212:33-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Slaboda JC, Lauer RT, Keshner EA. Continuous visual field motion impacts the postural responses of older and younger women during and after support surface tilt. Exp Brain Res 2011; 211:87-96. [PMID: 21479659 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of continuous visual flow on the ability to regain and maintain postural orientation was examined. Fourteen young (20-39 years old) and 14 older women (60-79 years old) stood quietly during 3° (30°/s) dorsiflexion tilt of the support surface combined with 30° and 45°/s upward or downward pitch rotations of the visual field. The support surface was held tilted for 30 s and then returned to neutral over a 30-s period while the visual field continued to rotate. Segmental displacement and bilateral tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle EMG responses were recorded. Continuous wavelet transforms were calculated for each muscle EMG response. An instantaneous mean frequency curve (IMNF) of muscle activity, center of mass (COM), center of pressure (COP), and angular excursion at the hip and ankle were used in a functional principal component analysis (fPCA). Functional component weights were calculated and compared with mixed model repeated measures ANOVAs. The fPCA revealed greatest mathematical differences in COM and COP responses between groups or conditions during the period that the platform transitioned from the sustained tilt to a return to neutral position. Muscle EMG responses differed most in the period following support surface tilt indicating that muscle activity increased to support stabilization against the visual flow. Older women exhibited significantly larger COM and COP responses in the direction of visual field motion and less muscle modulation when the platform returned to neutral than younger women. Results on a Rod and Frame test indicated that older women were significantly more visually dependent than the younger women. We concluded that a stiffer body combined with heightened visual sensitivity in older women critically interferes with their ability to counteract posturally destabilizing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Slaboda
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions and Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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