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Romaus-Sanjurjo D, Castañón-Apilánez M, López-Arias E, Custodia A, Martin-Martín C, Ouro A, López-Cancio E, Sobrino T. Neuroprotection Afforded by an Enriched Mediterranean-like Diet Is Modified by Exercise in a Rat Male Model of Cerebral Ischemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:138. [PMID: 38397735 PMCID: PMC10885962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an important cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Given that current treatments do not allow a remarkably better outcome in patients after stroke, it is mandatory to seek new approaches to preventing stroke and/or complementing the current treatments or ameliorating the ischemic insult. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies highlighted the potential beneficial roles of exercise and a Mediterranean diet following a stroke. Here, we investigated the effects of a pre-stroke Mediterranean-like diet supplemented with hydroxytyrosol and with/without physical exercise on male rats undergoing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We also assessed a potential synergistic effect with physical exercise. Our findings indicated that the diet reduced infarct and edema volumes, modulated acute immune response by altering cytokine and chemokine levels, decreased oxidative stress, and improved acute functional recovery post-ischemic injury. Interestingly, while physical exercise alone improved certain outcomes compared to control animals, it did not enhance, and in some aspects even impaired, the positive effects of the Mediterranean-like diet in the short term. Overall, these data provide the first preclinical evidence that a preemptive enriched Mediterranean diet modulates cytokines/chemokines levels downwards which eventually has an important role during the acute phase following ischemic damage, likely mediating neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Castañón-Apilánez
- Departament of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Esteban López-Arias
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
| | - Antía Custodia
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martin-Martín
- Translational Immmunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ouro
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena López-Cancio
- Departament of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.R.-S.); (E.L.-A.); (A.C.); (T.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Zarrinkalam E, Arabi SM, Komaki A, Ranjbar K. The preconditioning effect of different exercise training modes on middle cerebral artery occlusion induced-behavioral deficit in senescent rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17992. [PMID: 37483773 PMCID: PMC10362108 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain abilities decrease after brain stroke in elderly. The neuroprotective effect of exercise training has been proved in clinical trials and animal experiment. Nevertheless, it is not still clear what kind of exercise has greater protective effect. The present study aimed at investigating pre-conditioning effect of endurance, resistance, and concurrent training on learning ability, anxiety, and spatial memory in aged rats following stroke strength with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Method We used 50 male Wistar rats (age = 24 months) that were assigned randomly in five groups; 1: sham group, 2: Control group 3: Endurance training 4: Resistance training, and 5: concurrent training. The exercise training groups received training for four weeks. Following training, middle cerebral artery occlusion was applied to induce cerebral ischemia. Using the elevated plus maze, shuttle box test, and Morris water maze, neurocognitive functions were tested in the sample rats. Results It was found that resistance training did not affect spatial memory in the acquisition phase, while concurrent training and endurance training enhanced spatial memory in the acquisition phase. On the contrary, spatial memory was improved by resistance training in the retention phase, while concurrent and endurance exercises did not affect spatial memory in the retention phase. Passive avoidance learning ability at acquisition phase was more in resistance group compared to the endurance and concurrent training in shuttle box test, but in retention phase was similar between training groups. Unlike endurance and concurrent training, resistance training reduced anxiety in senescent rats. Conclusion All three exercise types alleviated aversive learning and memory impairment induced by stroke in senescent rats. Notably, the resistance training showed a greater protective effect compared to the other two training methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Zarrinkalam
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Manizheh Arabi
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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3
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Qin YY, Pan SY, Dai JR, Wang QM, Luo X, Qin ZH, Luo L. Alleviation of ischemic brain injury by exercise preconditioning is associated with modulation of autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in cerebral cortex of female aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112226. [PMID: 37257699 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical studies and preclinical studies supports that exercise preconditioning can not only reduce the risk of stroke but also improve brain tissue and functional outcome after stroke. It has been demonstrated that autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics are involved in ischemic stroke. However, it is still unclear whether exercise preconditioning-induced neuroprotection against stroke is associated with modulation of autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. Although age and sex interactively affect ischemic stroke risk, incidence, and outcome, studies based on young male animals are most often used to explore the role of exercise preconditioning in the prevention of ischemic stroke. In the current study, we examined whether exercise preconditioning could modulate autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in a brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) model of female aged mice. The results showed that exercise preconditioning reduced infarct volume and improved neurological deficits. Additionally, increased levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/LC3-I, LC3-II, p62, Atg7, and mitophagy-related proteins Bnip3L and Parkin, as well as increased levels of mitochondrial fusion modulator Mfn2 and mitochondrial fission modulator Drp1 in the ischemic cortex of female aged mice at 12 h after I/R were present. Our results could contribute to a better understanding of exercise preconditioning-induced neuroprotection against ischemic stroke for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Shan-Yao Pan
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University; Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Jia-Ru Dai
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University; Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Qing-Mei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xun Luo
- Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703); Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science; Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University; Suzhou 215021, China.
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Parnow A, Hafedh M, Tsunoda I, Patel DI, Baker JS, Saeidi A, Bagchi S, Sengupta P, Dutta S, Łuszczki E, Stolarczyk A, Oleksy Ł, Al Kiyumi MH, Laher I, Zouhal H. Effectiveness of exercise interventions in animal models of multiple sclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1143766. [PMID: 37089595 PMCID: PMC10116993 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1143766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with an impaired immune system that severely affects the spinal cord and brain, and which is marked by progressive inflammatory demyelination. Patients with MS may benefit from exercise training as a suggested course of treatment. The most commonly used animal models of studies on MS are experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) models. The present review intends to concisely discuss the interventions using EAE models to understand the effectiveness of exercise as treatment for MS patients and thereby provide clear perspective for future research and MS management. For the present literature review, relevant published articles on EAE animal models that reported the impacts of exercise on MS, were extracted from various databases. Existing literature support the concept that an exercise regimen can reduce the severity of some of the clinical manifestations of EAE, including neurological signs, motor function, pain, and cognitive deficits. Further results demonstrate the mechanisms of EAE suppression with information relating to the immune system, demyelination, regeneration, and exercise in EAE. The role for neurotrophic factors has also been investigated. Analyzing the existing reports, this literature review infers that EAE is a suitable animal model that can help researchers develop further understanding and treatments for MS. Besides, findings from previous animal studies supports the contention that exercise assists in ameliorating MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhossein Parnow
- Department of Sport Biological Sciences, Physical Education and Sports Sciences Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abdolhossein Parnow,
| | - Muthanna Hafedh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, General Directorate of Education Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Department of Sports Activities, College of Adm&Eco/Qurna, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Darpan I. Patel
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sovan Bagchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Sovan Bagchi,
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- School of Medical Sciences, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, India
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- University of Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, Rennes, France
- Institute International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouër, France
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5
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Pre-ischaemic Treatment with Enriched Environment Alleviates Acute Neuronal Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-dependent Autophagy and Apoptosis. Neuroscience 2023; 513:14-27. [PMID: 36549603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enriched environment (EE) is effective in preventing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the neuroprotection of EE preprocessing. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to be extensively involved in I/R injury. We aimed to investigate the potential regulatory mechanism of ER stress in the neuroprotection of pre-ischemic EE. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham surgery after 4 weeks of exposure in standard or enriched environments. We found that EE pretreatment alleviates acute neuronal injury after MCAO, as shown by reduced infarct volume and neurological deficit score. The expression of ER stress-related proteins, markers of autophagy, and apoptosis were detected to investigate the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that pre-ischemic EE inhibited the ER stress, as evidenced by the inactivation of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways. Moreover, the rats reared in EE were detected with lower autophagic activity and apoptosis levels. The decrease in activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) expression suggested EE pretreatment might inhibit autophagy and apoptosis via modulating ER stress-mediated PERK-ATF4-CHOP and IRE1-JNK signal pathways, which provides a new idea for the prevention of the deleterious cerebral and functional consequences of ischemic stroke.
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6
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Moghanlou AE, Yazdanian M, Roshani S, Demirli A, Seydyousefi M, Metz GAS, Faghfoori Z. Neuroprotective effects of pre-ischemic exercise are linked to expression of NT-3/NT-4 and TrkB/TrkC in rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:54-63. [PMID: 36646145 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Stroke causes irreversible damage, particularly to the hippocampus. Evidence suggests that exercise training may mitigate adverse structural and functional consequences of an ischemic lesion in the brain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preconditioning exercise on expression of neurotrophic factor genes and proteins in hippocampalCA1 region and their relationship with sensorimotor recovery following global ischemia/reperfusion (Is/Re) injury in a rat model of stroke. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to Exercise+Ischemia/Reperfusion (Ex+Is/Re),Control+Ischemia/Reperfusion (Co+Is/Re), and Sham treatments. Rats in the exercise groups ran on a treadmill for 45 min/d for five days/week for 8 consecutive weeks prior to Is/Re lesion.Ischemia was induced by common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). The ladder rung walking task was used to assess functional impairments and recovery following ischemic lesion.Tissue from hippocampal area CA1 was inspected for ischemia-induced cell loss and gene and protein expression linked to neurotrophins NT-3, NT-4, and their receptorsTrkB and TrkC. RESULTS CCAO caused hippocampal cell death in CA1 and resulted in significant sensori motor impairments in the ladder rung walking task. In contrast, pre-ischemic exercise considerably reduced cell death and supported sensorimotor recovery following CCAO.In addition, NT-3, NT-4,TrkB and TrkC gene expression and their protein levels were significantly increased inthe Ex+Is/Re group compared to Co+Is/Re (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects via NT-3 and NT-4 pathways against ischemia in hippocampal CA1 neurons and promote post-injury sensorimotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sajad Roshani
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abdullah Demirli
- Department of Coaching Education, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Seydyousefi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Takahashi H, Yamamoto T, Tsuboi A. Molecular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent ischemic tolerance in the brain. Neurosci Res 2023; 186:3-9. [PMID: 36244569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The inhibition of cerebral blood flow triggers intertwined pathological events, resulting in cell death and loss of brain function. Interestingly, animals pre-exposed to short-term ischemia can tolerate subsequent severe ischemia. This phenomenon is called ischemic tolerance and is also triggered by other noxious stimuli. However, whether short-term exposure to non-noxious stimuli can induce ischemic tolerance remains unknown. Recently, we found that pre-exposing mice to an enriched environment for 40 min is sufficient to facilitate cell survival after a subsequent stroke. The neuroprotective process depends on the neuronal activity soon before stroke, of which the activity-dependent transcription factor Npas4 is essential. Excessive Ca2+ influx triggers Npas4 expression in ischemic neurons, leading to the activation of neuroprotective programs. Pre-induction of Npas4 in the normal brain effectively supports cell survival after stroke. Furthermore, our study revealed that Npas4 regulates L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels through expression of the small Ras-like GTPase Gem in ischemic neurons. Ischemic tolerance is a good model for understanding how to promote neuroprotective mechanisms in the normal and injured brain. Here, we highlight activity-dependent ischemic tolerance and discuss its role in promoting neuroprotection against stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Akio Tsuboi
- Dynamic Brain Network Laboratory, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Verrall CE, Tran DL, Yang JYM, Lubans DR, Winlaw DS, Ayer J, Celermajer D, Cordina R. Exercise as therapy for neurodevelopmental and cognitive dysfunction in people with a Fontan circulation: A narrative review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1111785. [PMID: 36861078 PMCID: PMC9969110 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People with a Fontan circulation are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay and disability, and cognitive dysfunction, that has significant implications for academic and occupational attainment, psychosocial functioning, and overall quality of life. Interventions for improving these outcomes are lacking. This review article discusses current intervention practices and explores the evidence supporting exercise as a potential intervention for improving cognitive functioning in people living with a Fontan circulation. Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these associations are discussed in the context of Fontan physiology and avenues for future research are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Elizabeth Verrall
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Derek Lee Tran
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Neuroscience Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Revalds Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David Scott Winlaw
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Julian Ayer
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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9
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Gao ZK, Shen XY, Han Y, Guo YS, Li K, Bi X. Pre-ischemic exercise prevents inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting MAPK pathway in ischemic stroke. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:495-505. [PMID: 36636513 PMCID: PMC9803980 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major mechanism of acute brain damage in ischemic stroke. Pre-ischemic exercise is an effective method to reduce ischemic injury. However, the regulation by pre-ischemic exercise of MAPK pathway and associated mechanisms in animal models remains unclear. Materials and methods In this study, Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, and exercise plus MCAO (EX + MCAO) group for 21 days, and then was established by MCAO. Longa score was used to measure neurological deficits at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days after MCAO. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the brain injury. The expression of MAPK pathway was quantified by western blot. The M1 microglia protein was quantified by western blot and immunofluorescence, and the level of inflammatory factor was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TUNEL staining and western blot were used to measure apoptosis. Results In the current study, we observed that pre-ischemic exercise effectively decreased infarct volume, neurological deficit score and brain injury in MCAO rats through suppressing the activation of p-JNK and p-ERK1/2. Further investigation revealed that pre-ischemic exercise decreased M1 microglia activation and the serum level of TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, the increased number of TUNEL-positive cells and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio also were reversed by pre-ischemic exercise. Conclusions Pre-ischemic exercise can alleviate inflammatory response and apoptosis by inhibiting the MAPK pathway in MCAO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Kun Gao
- Department of Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Department of Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai201318, China
| | - Yi-Sha Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai201318, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai201318, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai201318, China
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10
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Yu WY, Yang QH, Wang XQ. The mechanism of exercise for pain management in Parkinson's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1039302. [PMID: 36438185 PMCID: PMC9684336 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1039302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The research and clinical applications of exercise therapy to the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing. Pain is among the important symptoms affecting the daily motor function and quality of life of PD patients. This paper reviewed the progress of research on different exercise therapies for the management of pain caused by PD and described the role and mechanism of exercise therapy for pain relief. Aerobic exercise, strength exercise, and mind-body exercise play an effective role in pain management in PD patients. The pain suffered by PD patients is divided into central neuropathic, peripheral neuropathic, and nociceptive pain. Different types of pain may coexist with different mechanistic backgrounds and treatments. The analgesic mechanisms of exercise intervention in PD-induced pain include altered cortical excitability and synaptic plasticity, the attenuation of neuronal apoptosis, and dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic analgesic pathways, as well as the inhibition of oxidative stress. Current studies related to exercise interventions for PD-induced pain suffer from small sample sizes and inadequate research of analgesic mechanisms. The neurophysiological effects of exercise, such as neuroplasticity, attenuation of neuronal apoptosis, and dopaminergic analgesic pathway provide a sound biological mechanism for using exercise in pain management. However, large, well-designed randomized controlled trials with improved methods and reporting are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy for PD pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ye Yu
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Hao Yang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangtishang Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
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11
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Yoshikawa A, Ohtaki H, Miyamoto K, Kim S, Hase K, Yoshida M, Kamijo S, Kamimura S, Koiwa N, Izumizaki M. Mild-intensity running exercise recovered motor function by improvement of ankle mobility after unilateral brain injury of mice using three-dimensional kinematic analysis techniques. Brain Res 2022; 1798:148160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Nakagawa T, Noguchi T, Komatsu A, Saito T. The role of social resources and trajectories of functional health following stroke. Soc Sci Med 2022; 311:115322. [PMID: 36067620 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of disability in old age. Research has revealed that social resources available after the onset of stroke can mitigate functional prognosis. However, most studies have conceptualized resources as static rather than dynamic and have not measured changes in social resources from the pre-to post-stroke periods. To better understand the recovery process following stroke, we examined how social resources available before its onset and changes from pre-to post-stroke were associated with trajectories of functional health following stroke. Data were derived from an up to 19-year longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of Japanese adults aged 60 years and older. We identified 389 people who experienced self- or proxy-reported first stroke during follow-up (age at stroke onset: M = 75.9, SD = 6.8; 49.1% women). The average number of observations was 4.6 (SD = 1.6, range 2-7). Functional health was measured with self- or proxy-reported basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Social resources were indexed as residential status, contact with own non-coresident children, social participation, and perceived support. Analyses were adjusted for age at stroke onset, sex, education, health condition, and cognitive function. A multiphase growth model indicated that individuals who participated more frequently in social groups prior to stroke exhibited less functional deterioration post-stroke than those who participated less frequently. Whereas contact frequency with non-coresident children typically declined following stroke, the analysis further revealed that individuals who maintained contact frequency from pre-to post-stroke showed less steep functional decline over time in the post-stroke period despite minor individual differences. We found that social resources before stroke onset and changes in the resources following stroke may play a protective role against adverse prognoses. Inclusive communities may help older adults remain independent even after serious health events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nakagawa
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Taiji Noguchi
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Ayane Komatsu
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Tami Saito
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
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13
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Karizmeh MS, Shabani M, Shabani M, Sardari M, Babaei JF, Nabavizadeh F, Sadr SS, Adeli S. Preconditioning exercise reduces hippocampal neuronal damage via increasing Klotho expression in ischemic rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:133-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Zhu Y, Sun Y, Hu J, Pan Z. Insight Into the Mechanism of Exercise Preconditioning in Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866360. [PMID: 35350755 PMCID: PMC8957886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise preconditioning has attracted extensive attention to induce endogenous neuroprotection and has become the hotspot in neurotherapy. The training exercise is given multiple times before cerebral ischemia, effectively inducing ischemic tolerance and alleviating secondary brain damage post-stroke. Compared with other preconditioning methods, the main advantages of exercise include easy clinical operation and being readily accepted by patients. However, the specific mechanism behind exercise preconditioning to ameliorate brain injury is complex. It involves multi-pathway and multi-target regulation, including regulation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis inhibition, and neurogenesis promotion. The current review summarizes the recent studies on the mechanism of neuroprotection induced by exercise, providing the theoretical basis of applying exercise therapy to prevent and treat ischemic stroke. In addition, we highlight the various limitations and future challenges of translational medicine from fundamental study to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jichao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhuoer Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
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15
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Zhang H, Xie Q, Hu J. Neuroprotective Effect of Physical Activity in Ischemic Stroke: Focus on the Neurovascular Unit. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:860573. [PMID: 35317197 PMCID: PMC8934401 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.860573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the major diseases associated with death or disability among patients. To date, there is a lack of effective treatments, with the exception of thrombolytic therapy that can be administered during the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Cerebral ischemia can cause a variety of pathological changes, including microvascular basal membrane matrix, endothelial cell activation, and astrocyte adhesion, which may affect signal transduction between the microvessels and neurons. Therefore, researchers put forward the concept of neurovascular unit, including neurons, axons, astrocytes, microvasculature (including endothelial cells, basal membrane matrix, and pericyte), and oligodendrocytes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise can produce protective effects in cerebral ischemia, and that exercise may protect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, promote neovascularization, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and eventually lead to an improvement in neurological function after cerebral ischemia. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms on the effect of exercise on cerebral ischemia, by mainly focusing on the neurovascular unit, with the aim of providing a novel therapeutic strategy for future treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Inpatient Department, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Yu Quan dao Health Center, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Hu,
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16
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McGrath T, Baskerville R, Rogero M, Castell L. Emerging Evidence for the Widespread Role of Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050917. [PMID: 35267893 PMCID: PMC8912368 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoamine model of depression has long formed the basis of drug development but fails to explain treatment resistance or associations with stress or inflammation. Recent animal research, clinical trials of ketamine (a glutamate receptor antagonist), neuroimaging research, and microbiome studies provide increasing evidence of glutamatergic dysfunction in depression and other disorders. Glutamatergic involvement across diverse neuropathologies including psychoses, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative conditions, and brain injury forms the rationale for this review. Glutamate is the brain's principal excitatory neurotransmitter (NT), a metabolic and synthesis substrate, and an immune mediator. These overlapping roles and multiple glutamate NT receptor types complicate research into glutamate neurotransmission. The glutamate microcircuit comprises excitatory glutamatergic neurons, astrocytes controlling synaptic space levels, through glutamate reuptake, and inhibitory GABA interneurons. Astroglia generate and respond to inflammatory mediators. Glutamatergic microcircuits also act at the brain/body interface via the microbiome, kynurenine pathway, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Disruption of excitatory/inhibitory homeostasis causing neuro-excitotoxicity, with neuronal impairment, causes depression and cognition symptoms via limbic and prefrontal regions, respectively. Persistent dysfunction reduces neuronal plasticity and growth causing neuronal death and tissue atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases. A conceptual overview of brain glutamatergic activity and peripheral interfacing is presented, including the common mechanisms that diverse diseases share when glutamate homeostasis is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McGrath
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK; (T.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Richard Baskerville
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcelo Rogero
- School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil;
| | - Linda Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK; (T.M.); (L.C.)
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17
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Endurance Training and Exogenous Adenosine Infusion Mitigate Hippocampal Inflammation and Cell Death in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.119236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cerebral ischemia can cause irreversible structural and functional damages to the brain, especially to the hippocampus. Preconditioning with endurance training and endogenous adenosine infusion may reduce ischemia-associated damages. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preconditioning with endurance training and endogenous adenosine infusion on cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region following ischemia/reperfusion injuries in a rat model. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control (n = 8); (2) ischemia (n = 12); (3) endurance training + ischemia (n = 12); (4) adenosine infusion + ischemia (n = 12); and (5) endurance training + adenosine infusion + ischemia (n = 12). The rats in the training groups ran on a treadmill five days per week for eight weeks. In the adenosine infusion groups, the rats were injected 0.1 mg/mL/kg of adenosine intraperitoneally. Also, in the ischemic groups, both common carotid arteries were clamped for 45 minutes. Cresyl violet staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were used to evaluate cell death and cytokine gene expression, respectively. Results: Based on the present results, treatments, including endurance training + ischemia, adenosine infusion + ischemia, and endurance training + adenosine infusion + ischemia reduced the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and glutamate gene expression, respectively, compared to the group of ischemia only. In contrast, the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and adenosine receptor (A2A) genes increased by seven, four, and two folds in the endurance training + ischemia, adenosine infusion + ischemia, and endurance training + adenosine infusion + ischemia groups, respectively, compared to the group of ischemia only. Conclusions: Endurance training on a treadmill and exogenous adenosine infusion synergistically diminished cell death and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while promoting the neurotrophic factor expression. When endurance training and adenosine infusion were used as stimulants before the induction of cerebral ischemia, they significantly reduced cell death.
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18
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Intracellular Signaling. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury may lead to a series of serious brain diseases, death or different degrees of disability. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, which mediates the adaptive metabolic response to hypoxia and serves a key role in cerebral ischemia. HIF-1α is the main molecule that responds to hypoxia. HIF-1α serves an important role in the development of cerebral ischemia by participating in numerous processes, including metabolism, proliferation and angiogenesis. The present review focuses on the endogenous protective mechanism of cerebral ischemia and elaborates on the role of HIF-1α in cerebral ischemia. In addition, it focuses on cerebral ischemia interventions that act on the HIF-1α target, including biological factors, non-coding RNA, hypoxic-ischemic preconditioning and drugs, and expands upon the measures to strengthen the endogenous compensatory response to support HIF-1α as a therapeutic target, thus providing novel suggestions for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Qingna Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Hua Han
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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20
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Takahashi H, Asahina R, Fujioka M, Matsui TK, Kato S, Mori E, Hioki H, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi K, Tsuboi A. Ras-like Gem GTPase induced by Npas4 promotes activity-dependent neuronal tolerance for ischemic stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018850118. [PMID: 34349016 PMCID: PMC8364162 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018850118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which results in loss of neurological function, initiates a complex cascade of pathological events in the brain, largely driven by excitotoxic Ca2+ influx in neurons. This leads to cortical spreading depolarization, which induces expression of genes involved in both neuronal death and survival; yet, the functions of these genes remain poorly understood. Here, we profiled gene expression changes that are common to ischemia (modeled by middle cerebral artery occlusion [MCAO]) and to experience-dependent activation (modeled by exposure to an enriched environment [EE]), which also induces Ca2+ transients that trigger transcriptional programs. We found that the activity-dependent transcription factor Npas4 was up-regulated under MCAO and EE conditions and that transient activation of cortical neurons in the healthy brain by the EE decreased cell death after stroke. Furthermore, both MCAO in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro revealed that Npas4 is necessary and sufficient for neuroprotection. We also found that this protection involves the inhibition of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Next, our systematic search for Npas4-downstream genes identified Gem, which encodes a Ras-related small GTPase that mediates neuroprotective effects of Npas4. Gem suppresses the membrane localization of L-type VGCCs to inhibit excess Ca2+ influx, thereby protecting neurons from excitotoxic death after in vitro and in vivo ischemia. Collectively, our findings indicate that Gem expression via Npas4 is necessary and sufficient to promote neuroprotection in the injured brain. Importantly, Gem is also induced in human cerebral organoids cultured under an ischemic condition, revealing Gem as a new target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Systems, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ryo Asahina
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Systems, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujioka
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Systems, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi K Matsui
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Akio Tsuboi
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Systems, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan;
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Sheng R, Chen JL, Qin ZH. Cerebral conditioning: Mechanisms and potential clinical implications. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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22
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Otsuka S, Sakakima H, Tani A, Nakanishi K, Takada S, Norimatsu K, Maejima H, Maruyama I. Effects of detraining on preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential after ischemic stroke in rats. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2169-2180. [PMID: 34114048 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning exercise prior to stroke exerts neuroprotection, which is an endogenous strategy that leads the brain cells to express several intrinsic factors and inhibits their apoptosis. However, it is unclear how long these benefits last after exercise cessation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining on preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential after stroke. Rats were trained using a treadmill for aerobic exercise 5 days each week for 3 weeks, and their neuroprotective effects were examined until 3 weeks after exercise cessation. Stroke was induced by 60 min of left middle cerebral artery occlusion at 3 days, 1, 2, and 3 weeks after exercise cessation. Infarct volume, neurological deficits, sensorimotor function, expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and P2X7 receptors, and apoptosis activity were examined using immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. Preconditioning exercise significantly reduced infarct volume and ameliorated sensorimotor function after stroke, and its beneficial effects were observed until 2 weeks after exercise cessation. The expression level of BDNF in the ischemic brain was significantly upregulated at 3 days after exercise cessation; however, the expression levels of HIF-1α, GFAP, and P2X7 receptor were significantly increased until 2 weeks after exercise cessation; thereby, significant anti-apoptotic effects were lost at 3 weeks of detraining. Our findings suggest that preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential may be lost shortly after exercise cessation. Neuroprotection through intrinsic protective factors, such as BDNF and HIF-1α, may provide different neuroprotective mechanisms in a time-dependent manner during detraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Otsuka
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Akira Tani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Seiya Takada
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Norimatsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maejima
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
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23
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The Effect of Two Types of Exercise Preconditioning on the Expression of TrkB, TNF- α, and MMP2 Genes in Rats with Stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5595368. [PMID: 33954182 PMCID: PMC8057886 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5595368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the beneficial effects of exercise and physical activity, there is little knowledge about the effects of different types of physical activity on neural function. The present study assessed the effects of two types of selected aerobic exercises prior to stroke induction and characterized the expression of TrkB, TNF-α, and MMP2 genes in vivo. Forty male adult Wistar rats were exposed to aerobic exercises following randomization into four groups, including swimming + MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion) (n = 10), treadmill training + MCAO (n = 10), MCAO (n = 10), and control (n = 10). The swimming + MCAO group included swimming for 30 minutes each day, while the treadmill training + MCAO group program involved running for 30 minutes each day at an intensity of 15 m/min, for three weeks, five days a week. Neurological deficit was assessed using modified criteria at 24 h after the onset of cerebral ischemia. In the control group, the animals worked freely for three weeks without undergoing ischemia. The MCAO group also operated freely for three weeks after they underwent a stroke. Both training groups underwent ischemia after three weeks of training. TrkB, TNF-α, and MMP2 gene expressions were increased in the MCAO+ swimming training and in the MCAO + running training group compared to the control and MCAO groups, respectively. Preconditioning aerobic exercises significantly increased brain trophic support and reduced brain damage conditions in exercise groups, which support the importance of aerobic exercise in the prevention and treatment of stroke.
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24
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Liu-Ambrose T, Dao E, Crockett RA, Barha CK, Falck RS, Best JR, Hsiung GYR, Field TS, Madden KM, Alkeridy WA, Boa Sorte Silva NC, Davis JC, Ten Brinke LF, Doherty S, Tam RC. Reshaping the path of vascular cognitive impairment with resistance training: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:217. [PMID: 33736706 PMCID: PMC7971404 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI) is the most common form of vascular cognitive impairment. Importantly, SIVCI is considered the most treatable form of cognitive impairment in older adults, due to its modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Exercise training is a promising intervention to delay the progression of SIVCI, as it actively targets these cardiometabolic risk factors. Despite the demonstrated benefits of resistance training on cognitive function and emerging evidence suggesting resistance training may reduce the progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), research on SIVCI has predominantly focused on the use of aerobic exercise. Thus, the primary aim of this proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial is to investigate the efficacy of a 12-month, twice-weekly progressive resistance training program on cognitive function and WMH progression in adults with SIVCI. We will also assess the efficiency of the intervention. Methods Eighty-eight community-dwelling adults, aged > 55 years, with SIVCI from metropolitan Vancouver will be recruited to participate in this study. SIVCI will be determined by the presence of cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment < 26) and cerebral small vessel disease using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Participants will be randomly allocated to a twice-weekly exercise program of (1) progressive resistance training or (2) balance and tone training (i.e., active control). The primary outcomes are cognitive function measured by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus (ADAS-Cog-13 with additional cognitive tests) and WMH progression. Discussion The burden of SIVCI is immense, and to our knowledge, this will be the first study to quantify the effect of progressive resistance training on cognitive function and WMH progression among adults with SIVCI. Slowing the rate of cognitive decline and WMH progression could preserve functional independence and quality of life. This could lead to reduced health care costs and avoidance of early institutional care. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02669394. Registered on February 1, 2016 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05156-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Dao
- Department of Radiology, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachel A Crockett
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cindy K Barha
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan S Falck
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John R Best
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ging-Yeuk R Hsiung
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Neurology, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thalia S Field
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Neurology, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Stroke Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth M Madden
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Walid A Alkeridy
- Division of Neurology, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narlon C Boa Sorte Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Davis
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Social and Economic Change Laboratory, Faculty of Management, UBC-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisanne F Ten Brinke
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Doherty
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roger C Tam
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Radiology, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hugues N, Pellegrino C, Rivera C, Berton E, Pin-Barre C, Laurin J. Is High-Intensity Interval Training Suitable to Promote Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Functions after Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3003. [PMID: 33809413 PMCID: PMC7998434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke-induced cognitive impairments affect the long-term quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is now considered a promising strategy to enhance cognitive functions. This review is designed to examine the role of HIIT in promoting neuroplasticity processes and/or cognitive functions after stroke. The various methodological limitations related to the clinical relevance of studies on the exercise recommendations in individuals with stroke are first discussed. Then, the relevance of HIIT in improving neurotrophic factors expression, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity is debated in both stroke and healthy individuals (humans and rodents). Moreover, HIIT may have a preventive role on stroke severity, as found in rodents. The potential role of HIIT in stroke rehabilitation is reinforced by findings showing its powerful neurogenic effect that might potentiate cognitive benefits induced by cognitive tasks. In addition, the clinical role of neuroplasticity observed in each hemisphere needs to be clarified by coupling more frequently to cellular/molecular measurements and behavioral testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hugues
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.R.)
- CNRS, ISM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Christophe Pellegrino
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudio Rivera
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Eric Berton
- CNRS, ISM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Caroline Pin-Barre
- CNRS, ISM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (E.B.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Jérôme Laurin
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (C.P.); (C.R.)
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Exercise preconditioning ameliorates cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior via regulation of dopamine in ischemia rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 233:113353. [PMID: 33571546 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and anxiety are common health problems in acute ischemic stroke patients. Meanwhile, dopamine in the striatal brain region is significantly increased during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. Besides, the studies shown that striatum and change of striatal dopamine are associated with learning and memory and anxiety. Further, physical exercise has been shown to improve neurocognitive and emotional function in animal models and patients with cerebral ischemia. However, the exact mechanism underlying this effect is unclear. The purpose of this research is to explore the effect of pre-ischemic voluntary wheel running on levels of striatal dopamine, cognition and anxiety in cerebral ischemia rats. METHODS 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled in this study and divided randomly in following 6 groups: sham group (S group, n = 8), ischemia group (I group, n = 8), 1 week wheel running group (1R group), 4 weeks wheel running group (4R group), 1 week pre-ischemia wheel running group (1RI group, n = 8) and 4 weeks pre-ischemia wheel running group (4RI group, n = 8). After training, cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation (2-VO) operation. Microdialysis was used to collect dialysates from the striatum immediately from 30 min before ischemia to 90 min after ischemia. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection system (HPLC) was used to determine the content of dopamine in the dialysates. Passive avoidance and elevated plus maze test were used to test neurocognitive function 24 h after 2-VO cerebral ischemia. RESULTS As compare with the constant striatal dopamine level of S group, the striatal dopamine level in I group after ischemia showed a trend of rapid increasing and reached maximum value at the 20 min (P<0.001), then decreased gradually. The striatal dopamine level in 1RI and 4RI group showed the trend were similar to I group, but the increasing magnitude was attenuated. A comparison of the basal striatal dopamine level in 4 groups found that the basal dopamine level in 1RI and 4RI group were higher than S and I group (P<0.001). In passive avoidance task, the retention latency of I group was significantly shorter than S group (P<0.001), and the retention latency of the 1RI, 1R and 4R, 4RI group were longer than I group (P<0.001), there was no significant difference in S, 1RI, 1R, 4R and 4RI group (P>0.05). In elevated plus maze test, the time and entrance numbers of open arms in I group were significantly less than S group (P<0.05), but these indices were no significant difference in S, 1RI, 1R, 4RI and 4RI group. CONCLUSION According to our results, 1 or 4 weeks pre-ischemia wheel running can significantly increase the basal dopamine level, attenuate the increase of striatal dopamine induced by cerebral ischemia and improve neurocognitive function in ischemia rats.
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Lee SH, Jung BK, Song H, Seo HG, Chai JY, Oh BM. Neuroprotective Effect of Chronic Intracranial Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Mouse Cerebral Ischemia Model. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:461-466. [PMID: 32871641 PMCID: PMC7462801 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can invade various organs in the host body, including the central nervous system. Chronic intracranial T. gondii is known to be associated with neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases through interaction with host brain cells in various ways. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of chronic T. gondii infection in mice with cerebral ischemia experimentally produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. The neurobehavioral effects of cerebral ischemia were assessed by measurement of Garcia score and Rotarod behavior tests. The volume of brain ischemia was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The expression levels of related genes and proteins were determined. After cerebral ischemia, corrected infarction volume was significantly reduced in T. gondii infected mice, and their neurobehavioral function was significantly better than that of the uninfection control group. Chronic T. gondii infection induced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the brain before MCAO. T. gondii infection also increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor after the cerebral ischemia. It is suggested that chronic intracerebral infection of T. gondii may be a potential preconditioning strategy to reduce neural deficits associated with cerebral ischemia and induce brain ischemic tolerance through the regulation of HIF-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hak Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653, Korea
| | - Hyemi Song
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653, Korea
| | - Han Gil Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653, Korea.,Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080 Seoul, Korea
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28
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Kwon HJ, Kim DS, Kim W, Jung HY, Yu YH, Ju YI, Park DK, Hwang IK, Kim DW, Yoo DY. Tat-Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein Reduces Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Damage and Its Possible Relationship with 14-3-3η. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081827. [PMID: 32756411 PMCID: PMC7465282 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a) binds to the C-terminal domain of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) and regulates CB1R activities. In this study, we made Tat-CRIP1a fusion proteins to enhance CRIP1a penetration into neurons and brain and to evaluate the function of CRIP1a in neuroprotection following oxidative stress in HT22 hippocampal cells and transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Purified exogenous Tat-CRIP1a was penetrated into HT22 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner and prevented H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species formation, DNA fragmentation, and cell damage. Tat-CRIP1a fusion protein also ameliorated the reduction of 14-3-3η expression by H2O2 treatment in HT22 cells. Ischemia–reperfusion damage caused motor hyperactivity in the open field test of gerbils; however, the treatment of Tat-CRIP1a significantly reduced hyperactivity 1 day after ischemia. Four days after ischemia, the administration of Tat-CRIP1a restored the loss of pyramidal neurons and decreased reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis induced by ischemic damage in the hippocampal cornu Ammonis (CA)1 region. Ischemic damage decreased 14-3-3η expression in all hippocampal sub-regions 4 days after ischemia; however, the treatment of Tat-CRIP1 ameliorated the reduction of 14-3-3η expression. These results suggest that Tat-CRIP1a attenuates neuronal damage and hyperactivity induced by ischemic damage, and it restores normal expression levels of 14-3-3η protein in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea;
| | - Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 31151, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (Y.H.Y.); (Y.I.J.); (D.-K.P.)
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (I.K.H.)
| | - Yeon Hee Yu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 31151, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (Y.H.Y.); (Y.I.J.); (D.-K.P.)
| | - Young In Ju
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 31151, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (Y.H.Y.); (Y.I.J.); (D.-K.P.)
| | - Dae-Kyoon Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 31151, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (Y.H.Y.); (Y.I.J.); (D.-K.P.)
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.J.); (I.K.H.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (D.Y.Y.); Tel.: +82-33-640-2229 (D.W.K.); +82-41-570-2472 (D.Y.Y.)
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 31151, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (Y.H.Y.); (Y.I.J.); (D.-K.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.K.); (D.Y.Y.); Tel.: +82-33-640-2229 (D.W.K.); +82-41-570-2472 (D.Y.Y.)
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29
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Physical Training Moderates Blood-Brain-Barrier Disruption and Improves Cognitive Dysfunction Related to Transient Brain Ischemia in Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Escobar I, Xu J, Jackson CW, Perez-Pinzon MA. Altered Neural Networks in the Papez Circuit: Implications for Cognitive Dysfunction after Cerebral Ischemia. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:425-446. [PMID: 30584147 PMCID: PMC6398564 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although the incidence of death has decreased over the years, surviving patients may suffer from long-term cognitive impairments and have an increased risk for dementia. Unfortunately, research aimed toward developing therapies that can improve cognitive outcomes following cerebral ischemia has proved difficult given the fact that little is known about the underlying processes involved. Nevertheless, mechanisms that disrupt neural network activity may provide valuable insight, since disturbances in both local and global networks in the brain have been associated with deficits in cognition. In this review, we suggest that abnormal neural dynamics within different brain networks may arise from disruptions in synaptic plasticity processes and circuitry after ischemia. This discussion primarily concerns disruptions in local network activity within the hippocampus and other extra-hippocampal components of the Papez circuit, given their role in memory processing. However, impaired synaptic plasticity processes and disruptions in structural and functional connections within the Papez circuit have important implications for alterations within the global network, as well. Although much work is required to establish this relationship, evidence thus far suggests there is a link. If pursued further, findings may lead toward a better understanding of how deficits in cognition arise, not only in cerebral ischemia, but in other neurological diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Escobar
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles W Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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31
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Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity all around the world. Identification of stroke risk factors and protective lifestyles is necessary for optimizing personalized treatment and reducing mortality. Sedentary lifestyle is a well-known modifiable risk factor in primary and secondary stroke prevention. Also, in recent years, exercise has been described as a neuroprotective and neuroreparative factor. Here we summarized the existing available evidence of the relationship between physical activity and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Cabo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elena López-Cancio
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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32
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Hafez S, Khan MB, Awad ME, Wagner JD, Hess DC. Short-Term Acute Exercise Preconditioning Reduces Neurovascular Injury After Stroke Through Induced eNOS Activation. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:851-860. [PMID: 31858409 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is known to reduce cardiovascular risk but its role in ischemic stroke is not clear. It was previously shown that an acute single bout of exercise reduced increased eNOS activation in the heart and reduced myocardial infarction. However, the impact of a single bout or short-term exercise on eNOS-induced neuroprotection after stroke was not previously studied. Accordingly, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that short-term acute exercise can provide "immediate neuroprotection" and improve stroke outcomes through induced eNOS activation. Male Wistar rats (300 g) were subjected to HIIT treadmill exercise for 4 days (25 min/day), break for 2 days, and then one acute bout for 30 min. Exercised animals were subjected to thromboembolic stroke 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, or 72 h after the last exercise session. At 24 h after stroke, control (sedentary) and exercised rats were tested for neurological outcomes, infarct size, and edema. The expression of active eNOS (p-S1177-eNOS) and active AMPK (p-T172-AMPK) was measured in the brain, cerebral vessels, and aorta. In an additional cohort, animals were treated with the eNOS inhibitor, L-NIO (I.P, 20 mg/kg), and stroked 1 h after exercise and compared with non-exercise animals. Acute exercise significantly reduced infarct size, edema, and improved functional outcomes, and significantly increased the expression of peNOS and pAMPK in the brain, cerebral vessels, and aorta. eNOS inhibition abolished the exercise-induced improvement in outcomes. Short-term acute preconditioning exercise reduced the neurovascular injury and improved functional outcomes after stroke through eNOS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Hafez
- Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N Miami Ave Suite 1, Miami, FL, 33169, USA.
| | | | - Mohamed E Awad
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jesse D Wagner
- Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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33
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Wang H, Niu F, Fan W, Shi J, Zhang J, Li B. Modulating effects of preconditioning exercise in the expression of ET-1 and BNP via HIF-1α in ischemically injured brain. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1299-1311. [PMID: 31222402 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that in ischemia-induced hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor -1α (HIF-1α) is critical in triggering expression of its downstream target genes to produce several products, such as erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide synthesis (NOS), glucose transportor-1 (GLUT-1), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which further promote erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, vasodilation and capitalization of glucose to overcome hypoxia. Meanwhile, as the factors with opposite effects on blood vessels, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) also stand out strikingly in ischemic pathophysiology. To this day, several preconditioning manners have been used to induce tolerance to ischemia. During our research, exercise preconditioning was applied and it was demonstrated that HIF-1α triggered expression of ET-1 and BNP, which confirmed their downstream target genes for HIF-1α. And ET-1 may influcence expression of BNP to some degree but not the only factor which regulates BNP expression. Therefore, our findings suggest exercise preconditioning may provide protection to the ischemic brain tissue via HIF-1α which in turn increases expression of BNP to cause vasodilation in cooperation with some other factors, such as VEGF and EPO, to increase the blood flow in the ischemic area and then relieve the injuries induced by ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Wang
- Department of Histology& Embryology, Basic Medicine School, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Central Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.1508, Longhang Road, Jinshan district, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jimin Shi
- Central Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.1508, Longhang Road, Jinshan district, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.1508, Longhang Road, Jinshan district, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Bing Li
- Central Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.1508, Longhang Road, Jinshan district, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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34
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Zhang H, Lee JY, Borlongan CV, Tajiri N. A brief physical activity protects against ischemic stroke. Brain Circ 2019; 5:112-118. [PMID: 31620657 PMCID: PMC6785942 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_32_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With restricted therapeutic opportunities, stroke remains a relevant, critical disease necessitating study. Due to the unique aspect of ischemic strokes, finding approaches to maintain the vigor of the cerebral vasculature, such as increased angiogenesis, may protect against stroke. Ischemic strokes are caused by disruptions in blood movement in the brain, resulting in a torrent of harmful cerebrovasculature modifications. In an investigation by Pianta et al., Sprague-Dawley rats have been separated into those that undergo exercise prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and those that were not exposed to physical activity preceding MCAO. The outcomes and results of the current study gave new insights into the capacity of exercise to help prevent ischemic strokes or mitigate poststroke effects. The data collected from the study suggested that rats that went through a short bout of exercise before MCAO presented superior motor performance, more active cells in the peri-infarct region, and reduced infarct sizes. When compared to the control group, the rats that went through exercise also had heightened angiogenesis and improved neuroprotection. Thus, a brief bout of physical activity preceding a stroke may provide neuroprotection by enhancing the strength of the cerebrovasculature in the brain. This notion that even an instant of physical exercise before a stroke is induced can help dampen the effects of ischemic stroke, which could lead to future techniques in preventing the ischemic stroke so that it never happens at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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35
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Sakakima H. Endogenous neuroprotective potential due to preconditioning exercise in stroke. Phys Ther Res 2019; 22:45-52. [PMID: 32015940 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.r0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term physical disability due to insufficient neurorepair mechanisms. In general, physical activity is an important modifiable risk factor, particularly for stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise has shown to be neuroprotective in both animal experiments and clinical settings. Exercise can be considered a mild stressor and follows the prototypical preconditioning stimulus. It has beneficial effects on brain health and cognitive function. Preconditioning exercise, which is prophylactic exercise prior to ischemia, can protect the brain from subsequent serious injury through promotion of angiogenesis, mediation of inflammatory responses, inhibition of glutamate over-activation, protection of the blood-brain barrier, and inhibition of apoptosis. Preconditioning exercise appears to induce brain ischemic tolerance and it has been shown to exert beneficial effects. It is clinically safe and feasible and represents an exciting new paradigm in endogenous neuroprotection for patients with acute stroke. In this review, we describe the neuroprotective potential of preconditioning exercise and clinical applications in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harutoshi Sakakima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University
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36
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Modern Concepts in Regenerative Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: From Stem Cells for Promoting Angiogenesis to 3D-Bioprinted Scaffolds Customized via Carotid Shear Stress Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102574. [PMID: 31130624 PMCID: PMC6566983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is associated with a tremendous economic and societal burden, and only a few therapies are currently available for the treatment of this devastating disease. The main therapeutic approaches used nowadays for the treatment of ischemic brain injury aim to achieve reperfusion, neuroprotection and neurorecovery. Therapeutic angiogenesis also seems to represent a promising tool to improve the prognosis of cerebral ischemia. This review aims to present the modern concepts and the current status of regenerative therapy for ischemic stroke and discuss the main results of major clinical trials addressing the effectiveness of stem cell therapy for achieving neuroregeneration in ischemic stroke. At the same time, as a glimpse into the future, this article describes modern concepts for stroke prevention, such as the implantation of bioprinted scaffolds seeded with stem cells, whose 3D geometry is customized according to carotid shear stress.
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37
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Pianta S, Lee JY, Tuazon JP, Castelli V, Mantohac LM, Tajiri N, Borlongan CV. A Short Bout of Exercise Prior to Stroke Improves Functional Outcomes by Enhancing Angiogenesis. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:517-528. [PMID: 30941660 PMCID: PMC6882782 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stroke remains a significant unmet clinical need with limited therapeutic options. The peculiar feature of ischemic stroke is the interruption in brain circulation, resulting in a cascade of detrimental cerebrovasculature alterations. Treatment strategies designed to maintain potency of the cerebrovasculature may protect against stroke. The present study assessed the effects of short bouts of exercise prior to stroke induction and characterized cerebral blood flow and motor functions in vivo. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a single short bout of exercise (30-min or 60-min forced running wheel) then subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Non-exercise stroke rats served as controls while non-stroke rats represented shams. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was evaluated by laser Doppler at baseline (prior to MCAO), during MCAO, and during reperfusion. Behavioral tests using the elevated body swing test was conducted at baseline, day 0 (day of stroke), and at days 1 and 3 after stroke. Animals that received exercise displayed typical alterations in CBF after stroke, but exhibited improved motor performance compared to non-exercise rats. Exercised stroke rats showed a reduction in infarct size and an increased number of surviving cells in the peri-infarct area, with a trend towards prolonged duration of the exercise. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis of the peri-infarct area revealed increased levels of endothelial markers/angiogenesis markers, VEGF, VEGFR-2, and Ang-2, and endothelial progenitor cell marker CD34+ in exercise groups compared with the controls. These results demonstrated that prophylactic exercise affords neuroprotection possibly by improving cerebrovascular potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pianta
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jea Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Julian P Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Leigh Monica Mantohac
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurophysiology & Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences & Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Terashi T, Otsuka S, Takada S, Nakanishi K, Ueda K, Sumizono M, Kikuchi K, Sakakima H. Neuroprotective effects of different frequency preconditioning exercise on neuronal apoptosis after focal brain ischemia in rats. Neurol Res 2019; 41:510-518. [PMID: 30822224 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1580458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preconditioning exercise can exert neuroprotective effects after stroke; however, the effects of exercise intensity, frequency, duration are unknown. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of different frequency preconditioning exercise on neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into the following five groups: 5 times a week of exercise (5/w-Ex) group, 3 times a week of exercise (3/w-Ex) group, once a week of exercise (1/w-Ex) group, no exercise (No-Ex) group, and intact control (control) group. Rats were made to run on a treadmill for 30 min per day at a speed of 25 m/min for 3 weeks. After the running program, the rats were subjected to 60-min left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two days after ischemia, the cerebral infarct volume, neurological and motor function, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) ratio, expression of caspase-3, and TUNEL positive cells were examined in the cerebral cortex surrounding the ischemic zone. RESULTS The 3/w-Ex and 5/w-Ex groups showed significantly reduced infarct volumes compared with the No-Ex group, but the 1/w-Ex group did not. In addition, the 3/w-Ex and 5/w-Ex groups had improved neurological scores and sensorimotor function compared with the No-Ex group. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, expression of caspase-3, and TUNEL-positive cells significantly decreased in the penumbra area in the 3/w-Ex or 5/w-Ex groups compared with the No-Ex group. DISCUSSION Our findings suggested that three times or more per week of high-intensity preconditioning exercise exert neuroprotective effects through the downregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activation after stroke. ABBREVIATIONS TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated dUTP nick and labeling; MCAO:middle cerebral artery occlusion; BAX:Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; TTC: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazorlium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Terashi
- a Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Shotaro Otsuka
- a Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Seiya Takada
- a Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- a Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Koki Ueda
- a Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Megumi Sumizono
- a Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- b Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume , Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- a Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
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Otsuka S, Sakakima H, Terashi T, Takada S, Nakanishi K, Kikuchi K. Preconditioning exercise reduces brain damage and neuronal apoptosis through enhanced endogenous 14-3-3γ after focal brain ischemia in rats. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:727-738. [PMID: 30478609 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3γ is an important early ischemia-inducible protective factor against ischemic cell death in cerebral cortical neurons. We investigated the anti-apoptosis mechanism of enhanced 14-3-3γ mediated by preconditioning exercise-induced brain ischemic tolerance after stroke. Rats were assigned to four groups: exercise and ischemia (Ex group), ischemia and no exercise (No-Ex group), exercise and no ischemia (Ex-only group), and no exercise and ischemia (control group). Rats were trained on a treadmill for 5 days a week for 3 weeks (running speed, 25 m/min; running duration, 30 min/day). After the exercise program, stroke was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion. The infarct volume, neurological deficits, and motor function, as well as expression levels of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), 14-3-3γ, P2X7 receptors, p-β-catenin Ser37, Bax, and caspase 3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The expression of HIF-1α and 14-3-3γ significantly increased in neurons and astrocytes in the Ex-only group. HIF-1α was co-expressed with P2X7 receptor- and GFAP-positive astrocytes. After stroke, the Ex group had significantly reduced brain infarction. HIF-1α and 14-3-3γ significantly increased in the Ex group compared to the No-Ex group. In addition, p-β-catenin Ser37 significantly increased following elevated 14-3-3γ; in contrast, Bax and caspase 3 were significantly reduced in the Ex group. Our findings suggest that preconditioning exercise prior to ischemia induces neuron- and astrocyte-mediated brain ischemic tolerance through increased expression of HIF-1α and 14-3-3γ, which are intrinsic protective factors; the upregulated 14-3-3γ induced by preconditioning exercise reduces ischemic neuronal cell death through the 14-3-3γ/p-β-catenin Ser37/Bax/caspase 3 anti-apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Otsuka
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Takuto Terashi
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Seiya Takada
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Netto CA, Sanches EF, Odorcyk F, Duran-Carabali LE, Sizonenko SV. Pregnancy as a valuable period for preventing hypoxia-ischemia brain damage. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 70:12-24. [PMID: 29920306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brain Hypoxia-Ischemia (HI) is one of the major causes of infant mortality and lifelong neurological disabilities. The knowledge about the physiopathological mechanisms involved in HI lesion have increased in recent years, however these findings have not been translated into clinical practice. Current therapeutic approaches remain limited; hypothermia, used only in term or near-term infants, is the golden standard. Epidemiological evidence shows a link between adverse prenatal conditions and increased risk for diseases, health problems, and psychological outcomes later in life, what makes pregnancy a relevant period for preventing future brain injury. Here, we review experimental literature regarding preventive interventions used during pregnancy, i.e., previous to the HI injury, encompassing pharmacological, nutritional and/or behavioral strategies. Literature review used PubMed database. A total of forty one studies reported protective properties of maternal treatments preventing perinatal hypoxia-ischemia injury in rodents. Pharmacological agents and dietary supplementation showed mainly anti-excitotoxicity, anti-oxidant or anti-apoptotic properties. Interestingly, maternal preconditioning, physical exercise and environmental enrichment seem to engage the same referred mechanisms in order to protect neonatal brain against injury. This construct must be challenged by further studies to clearly define the main mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection to be explored in experimental context, as well as to test their potential in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Netto
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Odorcyk
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L E Duran-Carabali
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S V Sizonenko
- Division of Child Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Houdebine L, Gallelli CA, Rastelli M, Sampathkumar NK, Grenier J. Effect of physical exercise on brain and lipid metabolism in mouse models of multiple sclerosis. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:127-134. [PMID: 28606714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous demyelinating disease characterized by cyclic loss and repair of myelin sheaths associated with chronic inflammation and neuronal loss. This degenerative pathology is accompanied by modified levels of oxysterols (oxidative derivatives of cholesterol, implicated in cholesterol metabolism), highlighted in the brain, blood and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. The pathological accumulation of such derivatives is thought to participate in the onset and progression of the disease through their implication in inflammation, oxidative stress, demyelination and neurodegeneration. In this context, physical exercise is envisaged as a complementary resource to ameliorate therapeutic strategies. Indeed, physical activity exerts beneficial effects on neuronal plasticity, decreases inflammation and oxidative stress and improves blood-brain integrity in extents that could be beneficial for brain health. The present review attempts to summarize the available data on the positive effect of physical exercise to highlight possible links between physical activity and modulation of cholesterol/oxysterol homeostasis in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Houdebine
- Paris Descartes University, INSERM UMRS 1124, France
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Blauenfeldt RA, Hougaard KD, Mouridsen K, Andersen G. High Prestroke Physical Activity Is Associated with Reduced Infarct Growth in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous tPA and Randomized to Remote Ischemic Perconditioning. Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 44:88-95. [PMID: 28554177 DOI: 10.1159/000477359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prestroke physical activity (PA) level is associated with reduced stroke rate, stroke mortality, better functional outcome, and possible neuroprotective abilities. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible neuroprotective effect of prestroke PA on 24-h cerebral infarct growth in a cohort of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous tPA and randomized to remote ischemic perconditioning. METHODS In this predefined subanalysis, data from a randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) on AIS was used. Prestroke (7 days before admission) PA was quantified using the PA Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire at baseline. Infarct growth was evaluated using MRI (acute, 24-h, and 1-month). RESULTS PASE scores were obtained from 102 of 153 (67%) patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 66 (58-73) years. A high prestroke PA level correlated significantly with reduced acute infarct growth (24 h) in the linear regression model (4th quartile prestroke PA level compared with the 1st quartile), β4th quartile = -0.82 (95% CI -1.54 to -0.10). However, the effect of prestroke PA was present mainly in patients randomized to RIPerC, β4th quartile = -1.14 (95% CI -2.04 to -0.25). In patients randomized to RIPerC, prestroke PA was a predictor of final infarct size (1-month infarct volume), β4th quartile = -1.78 (95% CI -3.15 to -0.41). CONCLUSION In AIS patients treated with RIPerC, as add-on to intravenous thrombolysis, the level of PA the week before the stroke was associated with decreased 24-h infarct growth and final infarct size. These results are highly encouraging and stress the need for further exploration of the potentially protective effects of both PA and remote ischemic conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf A Blauenfeldt
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital and Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DenmarK
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He Z, Lu H, Yang X, Zhang L, Wu Y, Niu W, Ding L, Wang G, Tong S, Jia J. Hypoperfusion Induced by Preconditioning Treadmill Training in Hyper-Early Reperfusion After Cerebral Ischemia: A Laser Speckle Imaging Study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:219-223. [PMID: 28463182 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2695229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exercise preconditioning induces neuroprotective effects during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, which involves the recovery of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of re-established CBF following ischemia and reperfusion are unclear. The present study investigated CBF in hyper-early stage of reperfusion by laser speckle contrast imaging, a full-field high-resolution optical imaging technique. Rats with or without treadmill training were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. CBF in arteries, veins, and capillaries in hyper-early stage of reperfusion (1, 2, and 3 h after reperfusion) and in subacute stage (24 h after reperfusion) were measured. Neurological scoring and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were further applied to determine the neuroprotective effects of exercise preconditioning. In hyper-early stage of reperfusion, CBF in the rats with exercise preconditioning was reduced significantly in arteries and veins, respectively, compared to rats with no exercise preconditioning. Capillary CBF remained stable in the hyper-early stage of reperfusion, though it increased significantly 24 h after reperfusion in the rats with exercise preconditioning. As a neuroprotective strategy, exercise preconditioning reduced the blood perfusion of arteries and veins in the hyper-early stage of reperfusion, which indicated intervention-induced neuroprotective hypoperfusion after reperfusion onset.
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Hsu CL, Best JR, Davis JC, Nagamatsu LS, Wang S, Boyd LA, Hsiung GR, Voss MW, Eng JJ, Liu-Ambrose T. Aerobic exercise promotes executive functions and impacts functional neural activity among older adults with vascular cognitive impairment. Br J Sports Med 2017; 52:184-191. [PMID: 28432077 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) results from cerebrovascular disease, and worldwide, it is the second most common type of cognitive dysfunction. While targeted aerobic training is a promising approach to delay the progression of VCI by reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, few randomised controlled trials to date have specifically assessed the efficacy of aerobic training on cognitive and brain outcomes in this group at risk for functional decline. AIM To examine the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic training on executive functions and functional neural activity among older adults with mild subcortical ischaemic VCI (SIVCI). METHODS Older adults with mild SIVCI were randomly assigned to: (1) 6-month, 3×/week aerobic training (n=10) or (2) usual care (control; n=11). Participants completed functional MRI (fMRI) at baseline and trial completion. During the fMRI sessions, behavioural performance on the Eriksen flanker task and task-evoked neural activity were assessed. RESULTS At trial completion, after adjusting for baseline general cognition, total white matter lesion volume and flanker performance, compared with the control group, the aerobic training group significantly improved flanker task reaction time. Moreover, compared with the controls, the aerobic training group demonstrated reduced activation in the left lateral occipital cortex and right superior temporal gyrus. Reduced activity in these brain regions was significantly associated with improved (ie, faster) flanker task performance at trial completion. SUMMARY Aerobic training among older adults with mild SIVCI can improve executive functions and neural efficiency of associated brain areas. Future studies with greater sample size should be completed to replicate and extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liang Hsu
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John R Best
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Davis
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Shirley Wang
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gy Robin Hsiung
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Health, Brain, & Cognition Lab, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Janice Jennifer Eng
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lee Y, Heo G, Lee KM, Kim AH, Chung KW, Im E, Chung HY, Lee J. Neuroprotective effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol in an acute model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2017; 1663:184-193. [PMID: 28322751 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurons depend on mitochondria for homeostasis and survival, and thus, mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Increasing evidence indicates the mitochondrial uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), protects neurons against neurodegeneration and enhances neural plasticity. Here, the authors evaluated the protective effects of intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered low dose DNP in an acute mouse model of PD. Mice were administered DNP (1 or 5mg/kg) for 12 consecutive days, and then on day 13, MPTP (20mg/kg, i.p.) was administered four times (with 2h intervals between injections) to induce PD. It was found that MPTP-induced motor dysfunction was ameliorated in the DNP-treated mice versus vehicle-treated controls. Additionally, DNP effectively attenuated dopaminergic neuronal loss observed in MPTP treated mice. Moreover, in primary cultured neurons, DNP at 10μM, but not at 100μM, prevented MPP+-induced cell death and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reduction. In addition, DNP was observed to cause the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in primary neurons. Taken together, these findings of the present study suggest that DNP protects dopaminergic neurons against neurodegeneration and maintains MMP integrity in PD by activating adaptive stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Moon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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López-Cancio E, Ricciardi AC, Sobrino T, Cortés J, de la Ossa NP, Millán M, Hernández-Pérez M, Gomis M, Dorado L, Muñoz-Narbona L, Campos F, Arenillas JF, Dávalos A. Reported Prestroke Physical Activity Is Associated with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Good Outcomes after Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 26:425-430. [PMID: 28029607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PhA) prior to stroke has been associated with good outcomes after the ischemic insult, but there is scarce data on the involved molecular mechanisms. METHODS We studied consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to a single tertiary stroke center. Prestroke PhA was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (metabolic equivalent of minutes/week). We studied several circulating angiogenic and neurogenic factors at different time points: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at admission, day 7, and at 3 months. We considered good functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin scale ≤ 2) as primary end point, and final infarct volume as secondary outcome. RESULTS We studied 83 patients with at least 2 time point serum determinations (mean age 69.6 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 17 at admission). Patients more physically active before stroke had a significantly higher increment of serum VEGF on the seventh day when compared to less active patients. This increment was an independent predictor of good functional outcome at 3 months and was associated with smaller infarct volume in multivariate analyses adjusted for relevant covariates. We did not find independent associations of G-CSF or BDNF levels neither with level of prestroke PhA nor with stroke outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although there are probably more molecular mechanisms by which PhA exerts its beneficial effects in stroke outcomes, our observation regarding the potential role of VEGF is plausible and in line with previous experimental studies. Further research in this field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Cancio
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Clara Ricciardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jordi Cortés
- Department of Biostatistics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Pérez de la Ossa
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Millán
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gomis
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Dorado
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Muñoz-Narbona
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan F Arenillas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antoni Dávalos
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Selvaraj UM, Poinsatte K, Torres V, Ortega SB, Stowe AM. Heterogeneity of B Cell Functions in Stroke-Related Risk, Prevention, Injury, and Repair. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:729-747. [PMID: 27492770 PMCID: PMC5081124 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that post-stroke inflammation contributes to neurovascular injury, blood-brain barrier disruption, and poor functional recovery in both animal and clinical studies. However, recent studies also suggest that several leukocyte subsets, activated during the post-stroke immune response, can exhibit both pro-injury and pro-recovery phenotypes. In accordance with these findings, B lymphocytes, or B cells, play a heterogeneous role in the adaptive immune response to stroke. This review highlights what is currently understood about the various roles of B cells, with an emphasis on stroke risk factors, as well as post-stroke injury and repair. This includes an overview of B cell functions, such as antibody production, cytokine secretion, and contribution to the immune response as antigen presenting cells. Next, evidence for B cell-mediated mechanisms in stroke-related risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, is outlined, followed by studies that focus on B cells during endogenous protection from stroke. Subsequently, animal studies that investigate the role of B cells in post-stroke injury and repair are summarized, and the final section describes current B cell-related clinical trials for stroke, as well as other central nervous system diseases. This review reveals the complex role of B cells in stroke, with a focus on areas for potential clinical intervention for a disease that affects millions of people globally each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari Selvaraj
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Katherine Poinsatte
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Vanessa Torres
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Sterling B Ortega
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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48
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Chen CC, Yang CL, Chang CP. An Innovative Running Wheel-based Mechanism for Improved Rat Training Performance. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27684092 DOI: 10.3791/54354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents an animal mobility system, equipped with a positioning running wheel (PRW), as a way to quantify the efficacy of an exercise activity for reducing the severity of the effects of the stroke in rats. This system provides more effective animal exercise training than commercially available systems such as treadmills and motorized running wheels (MRWs). In contrast to an MRW that can only achieve speeds below 20 m/min, rats are permitted to run at a stable speed of 30 m/min on a more spacious and high-density rubber running track supported by a 15 cm wide acrylic wheel with a diameter of 55 cm in this work. Using a predefined adaptive acceleration curve, the system not only reduces the operator error but also trains the rats to run persistently until a specified intensity is reached. As a way to evaluate the exercise effectiveness, real-time position of a rat is detected by four pairs of infrared sensors deployed on the running wheel. Once an adaptive acceleration curve is initiated using a microcontroller, the data obtained by the infrared sensors are automatically recorded and analyzed in a computer. For comparison purposes, 3 week training is conducted on rats using a treadmill, an MRW and a PRW. After surgically inducing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) and an inclined plane test were conducted to assess the neurological damages to the rats. PRW is experimentally validated as the most effective among such animal mobility systems. Furthermore, an exercise effectiveness measure, based on rat position analysis, showed that there is a high negative correlation between the effective exercise and the infarct volume, and can be employed to quantify a rat training in any type of brain damage reduction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chun Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology;
| | - Chin-Lung Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center
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49
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Abstract
Sports-related concussion also referred to in the literature as mild traumatic brain injury remains a popular area of study for physicians, neurologists, neuropsychologists, neuroimaging, athletic trainers, and researchers across the other areas of brain sciences. Treatment for concussion is an emerging area of focus with investigators seeking to improve outcomes and protect patients from the deleterious short-term and long-term consequences which have been extensively studied and identified. Broadly, current treatment strategies for athletes recovering from concussion have remained largely unchanged since early 2000s. Knowledge of the complex pathophysiology surrounding injury should improve or advance our ability to identify processes which may serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. Clinicians working with athletes recovering from sports-related concussion should have an advanced understanding of the injury cascade and also be aware of the current efforts within the research to treat concussion. In addition, how clinicians use the word "treatment" should be carefully defined and promoted so the patient is aware of the level of intervention and what stage of recovery or healing is being affected by a specific intervention. The purpose of this review is to bring together efforts across disciplines of brain science into 1 platform where clinicians can assimilate this information before making best practices decisions regarding the treatment of patients and athletes under their care.
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50
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Al Kasab S, Hess DC, Chimowitz MI. Rationale for ischemic conditioning to prevent stroke in patients with intracranial arterial stenosis. Brain Circ 2016; 2:67-71. [PMID: 30276275 PMCID: PMC6126250 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.186260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerotic arterial stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide and is associated with particularly a high risk of recurrent stroke. Although aggressive medical management, consisting of dual antiplatelet therapy and intensive control of vascular risk factors, has improved the prognosis of patients with ICAS, subgroups of patients remain at very high risk of stroke. More effective therapies for these high-risk patients are urgently needed. One promising treatment is remote limb ischemic conditioning, which involves producing repetitive, transient ischemia of a limb by inflating a blood pressure cuff with the intention of protecting the brain from subsequent ischemia. In this study, we review the limitations of currently available treatments, discuss the potential mechanisms of action of ischemic conditioning, describe the preclinical and clinical data suggesting a possible role of ischemic conditioning in treating patients with ICAS, and outline the questions that still need to be answered in future studies of ischemic conditioning in subjects with ICAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Al Kasab
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Marc I Chimowitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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