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Zhukova MA, Ovchinnikova IV, An I, Grigorenko EL. Altered neural processing of emotional words in adults with a history of institutionalization: Evidence from the emotional Stroop task. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1487-1497. [PMID: 33080077 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated neural correlates of traumatic experience related to the lack of family care in adults with a history of institutionalization (IC) using the Emotional Stroop paradigm. The goals of our study were twofold: we investigated whether adults with IC history (n = 24; Mage = 22.17, SD = 6.7) demonstrate atypical processing of emotionally salient words in general, and whether they exhibit selective processing bias toward family related words compared to adults raised in biological families (BFC; n = 28; Mage = 22.25, SD = 4.9). Results demonstrated significant differences in accuracy but not response times between groups on the behavioral level, indicating that the IC group was overall less accurate in identifying the color of the font. Contrary to our prediction, there were no significant differences between neural response to family related versus unrelated words in the IC and BFC groups. The absence of group differences can be explained by the selection of stimuli, which were associated with family rather than institutional history. The IC group showed a larger N280-380 component in response to negative words compared to the BFC group, and larger negativity in the right parietal area in response to positive words in the same time window. Results demonstrate that institutional history is marked by altered emotional processing in the subpopulation of institutional care-leavers, but the footprint is not specific to traumatic experience and extends from general sensitivity to emotional words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Zhukova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irina V Ovchinnikova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iuliia An
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena L Grigorenko
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Moscow State University for Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
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2
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Butt M, Espinal E, Aupperle RL, Nikulina V, Stewart JL. The Electrical Aftermath: Brain Signals of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Filtered Through a Clinical Lens. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:368. [PMID: 31214058 PMCID: PMC6555259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to identify patterns of electrical signals identified using electroencephalography (EEG) linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and symptom dimensions. We filter EEG findings through a clinical lens, evaluating nuances in findings according to study criteria and participant characteristics. Within the EEG frequency domain, greater right than left parietal asymmetry in alpha band power is the most promising marker of PTSD symptoms and is linked to exaggerated physiological arousal that may impair filtering of environmental distractors. The most consistent findings within the EEG time domain focused on event related potentials (ERPs) include: 1) exaggerated frontocentral responses (contingent negative variation, mismatch negativity, and P3a amplitudes) to task-irrelevant distractors, and 2) attenuated parietal responses (P3b amplitudes) to task-relevant target stimuli. These findings suggest that some individuals with PTSD suffer from attention dysregulation, which could contribute to problems concentrating on daily tasks and goals in lieu of threatening distractors. Future research investigating the utility of alpha asymmetry and frontoparietal ERPs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers or intervention targets are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamona Butt
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Espinal
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Valentina Nikulina
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Ma Q, Bai X, Pei G, Xu Z. The Hazard Perception for the Surrounding Shape of Warning Signs: Evidence From an Event-Related Potentials Study. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:824. [PMID: 30467463 PMCID: PMC6236016 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Surrounding shape is a very important component of warning signs. Unlike colors, signal words, and pictorials that can directly convey the surface meaning, the surrounding shapes of warning signs convey warning information somewhat obscurely. Most of the researchers who studied this topic investigated the individuals' hazard perception of the surrounding shapes of warning signs by using questionnaires. In addition, the scholars' points about the role of the surrounding shapes are inconsistent. This study, therefore, decided to use Event-Related Potentials (ERP) technology to explore the impact of the shapes on the perception of warning signs to find the evidences of the hazard perception of the shapes from the electrophysiological perspective. Using the Oddball paradigm, we found four components caused by different shapes of warning signs. Specifically, P200 amplitude characterizes the attraction to attention of surrounding shapes in the early automatic perception stage, the N300 components represented the emotional valance and arousal level, the P300 and the LPP connoted uneasy/unsafe information and reflected the inhibition strength on the uneasy/unsafe information. Experimental data indicated that the shape of UPRIGHT TRIANGLE had larger arousal strength and more negative valence than the shape of CIRCLE. People get stronger negative information from the UPRIGHT TRIANGLE shapes than from the CIRCLE. This finding might be helpful for designing the surrounding shapes of warning signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Ma
- Institute of Neural Management Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Bai
- Institute of Neural Management Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanxiong Pei
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijiang Xu
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Massaro G, Altavilla D, Aceto P, Pellicano GR, Lucarelli G, Luciani M, Lai C. Neurophysiological Correlates of Collective Trauma Recall in 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake Survivors. J Trauma Stress 2018; 31:687-697. [PMID: 30338570 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to explore neural correlates of survivors of the 2009 L'Aquila, Italy earthquake in response to being shown pictures featuring their own city before and after an earthquake as well as those of an unfamiliar city. Moreover, we explored the associations among psychological variables and brain responses to the pictures of L'Aquila after the earthquake. Our final sample (N = 30 adults) comprised 15 survivors (M age = 31.40 years, SD = 9.42) and 15 controls (M age = 30.53 years, SD = 10.01). Participants' electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded during a visual task that included earthquake-related stimuli. Participants were assessed for posttraumatic and dissociation symptoms and event-related potential components, and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) were analyzed. Compared to the control group, source localization in survivors indicated a lower intensity of the amygdala, hippocampal, parahippocampal, and temporopolar areas in response to visual stimuli concerning the earthquake, p < .001 to p < .0001. Results indicated a reduced limbic activation in response to visual stimuli that evoked the recall of earthquake in survivors. This finding suggests that survivors likely adopted a distancing strategy toward stimuli that may have elicited an emotional activation related to collective trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Massaro
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Altavilla
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Aceto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Romana Pellicano
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Lucarelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Luciani
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Morris MK, Bowers D, Williamson J, Heilman KM. Alterations of emotional reactivity following righttemporal lobectomy. Neurocase 2017; 23:314-320. [PMID: 29261031 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2017.1416148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To learn if a right temporal lobectomy altered a patient's autonomic and cognitive responses to aversive and appetitive pictures, we investigated a man whose right anterior temporal lobe and amygdala had been resected to remove an arteriovenous malformation. This patient revealed unusually low self-reports of arousal with a lack of heightened skin conductance responses to aversive pictures. For pleasant pictures, his self-reports of arousal and his physiological responses were similar to healthy men. This patient's responses are consistent with a bivalent model of emotional processing, with a right temporal lobectomy compromising the activation of his defensive action response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Morris
- a Departments of Clinical Health Psychology and the Center for Neuropsychological Studies , Gainesville , University of Florida , USA.,b Departments of Clinical Health Psychology and the Center for Neuropsychological Studies and Neurology , Gainesville , University of Florida , USA
| | - Dawn Bowers
- a Departments of Clinical Health Psychology and the Center for Neuropsychological Studies , Gainesville , University of Florida , USA.,b Departments of Clinical Health Psychology and the Center for Neuropsychological Studies and Neurology , Gainesville , University of Florida , USA
| | - John Williamson
- a Departments of Clinical Health Psychology and the Center for Neuropsychological Studies , Gainesville , University of Florida , USA.,b Departments of Clinical Health Psychology and the Center for Neuropsychological Studies and Neurology , Gainesville , University of Florida , USA.,c Geriatric Research, Education, Clinical Center, The Research Service of the Malcom Randal Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Kenneth M Heilman
- a Departments of Clinical Health Psychology and the Center for Neuropsychological Studies , Gainesville , University of Florida , USA.,b Departments of Clinical Health Psychology and the Center for Neuropsychological Studies and Neurology , Gainesville , University of Florida , USA.,c Geriatric Research, Education, Clinical Center, The Research Service of the Malcom Randal Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville , FL , USA
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Du X, Li Y, Ran Q, Kim P, Ganzel BL, Liang G, Hao L, Zhang Q, Meng H, Qiu J. Subliminal trauma reminders impact neural processing of cognitive control in adults with developmental earthquake trauma: a preliminary report. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:905-16. [PMID: 26670907 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of developmental trauma on the neural basis of cognitive control among adults who do not have posttraumatic stress disorder. To examine this question, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare the effect of subliminal priming with earthquake-related images on attentional control during a Stroop task in survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China (survivor group, survivors were adolescents at the time of the earthquake) and in matched controls (control group). We found that the survivor group showed greater activation in the left ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) and the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus during the congruent versus incongruent condition, as compared to the control group. Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with left vACC activation during the congruent condition. Moreover, psychophysiological interaction results showed that the survivor group had stronger functional connectivity between the left parahippocampal gyrus and the left vACC than the control group under the congruent-incongruent condition. These results suggested that trauma-related information was linked to abnormal activity in brain networks associated with cognitive control (e.g., vACC-parahippocampal gyrus). This may be a potential biomarker for depression following developmental trauma, and it may also provide a mechanism linking trauma reminders with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Du
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qian Ran
- Department of Radiology, XinQiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Pilyoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Barbara L Ganzel
- Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - GuangSheng Liang
- Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Lei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huaqing Meng
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Du X, Wei D, Ganzel BL, Kim P, Zhang Q, Qiu J. Adolescent earthquake survivors' show increased prefrontal cortex activation to masked earthquake images as adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 95:292-8. [PMID: 25486615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The great Sichuan earthquake in China on May 12, 2008 was a traumatic event to many who live near the earthquake area. However, at present, there are few studies that explore the long-term impact of the adolescent trauma exposure on adults' brain function. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the brain activation evoked by masked trauma-related stimuli (earthquake versus neutral images) in 14 adults who lived near the epicenter of the great Sichuan earthquake when they were adolescents (trauma-exposed group) and 14 adults who lived farther from the epicenter of the earthquake when they were adolescents (control group). Compared with the control group, the trauma-exposed group showed significant elevation of activation in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in response to masked earthquake-related images. In the trauma-exposed group, the right ACC activation was negatively correlated with the frequency of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These findings differ markedly from the long-term effects of trauma exposure in adults. This suggests that trauma exposure during adolescence may have a unique long-term impact on ACC/MPFC function, top-down modulation of trauma-related information, and subsequent symptoms of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Du
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Barbara L Ganzel
- Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Pilyoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Cui H, Chen G, Liu X, Shan M, Jia Y. Stroop-interference effect in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Integr Neurosci 2014; 13:595-605. [PMID: 25182347 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635214500204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the conflict processing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, we conducted the classical Stroop task by recording event-related potentials. Although the reaction time was overall slower for PTSD patients than healthy age-matched control group, the Stroop-interference effect of reaction time did not differ between the two groups. Compared with normal controls, the interference effects of N 2 and N 450 components were larger and the interference effect of slow potential component disappeared in PTSD. These data indicated the dysfunction of conflict processing in individuals with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cui
- Division of Medical Psychology, Chinese Peoples' Liberation Army General Hospital & Medical School, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
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Content of delusional thoughts in Alzheimer's disease and assessment of content-specific brain dysfunctions with BEHAVE-AD-FW and SPECT. Int Psychogeriatr 2013; 25:939-48. [PMID: 23433495 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610213000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A consensus on the brain dysfunction(s) underlying the delusions of Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) remains to be achieved. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that content-based categorization of delusional ideas manifests as dysfunction of category-specific brain regions. METHODS Fifty-nine consecutive first-visit AD outpatients underwent Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Mini-Mental State Examination, and Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Frequency-Weighted Severity scale (BEHAVE-AD-FW) to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF), cognitive function, and delusion, respectively. SPECT images were analyzed by SPM5. RESULTS CBF decreased at the temporal poles and right inferior temporal gyrus in "delusion of theft," at the temporal poles in "suspiciousness/paranoia," at the right parahippocampal gyrus and insula in "abandonment," and at the right amygdala in "Residence is not home." CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer a perspective on the discrete categories of the pathological thoughts of AD patients that have previously been lumped together as "delusions." Dysfunction of the temporal poles may be associated with a socioemotional deterioration that may include pathological suspiciousness. Delusion of theft may be a manifestation of socioemotional deterioration and poor insight. Emotional factors may be essential for delusions of abandonment and "not home."
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