1
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Vincent B, Shukla M. The Common Denominators of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis and Methamphetamine Abuse. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:2113-2156. [PMID: 37691228 PMCID: PMC11337683 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230907151226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The pervasiveness and mortality associated with methamphetamine abuse have doubled during the past decade, suggesting a possible worldwide substance use crisis. Epitomizing the pathophysiology and toxicology of methamphetamine abuse proclaims severe signs and symptoms of neurotoxic and neurobehavioral manifestations in both humans and animals. Most importantly, chronic use of this drug enhances the probability of developing neurodegenerative diseases manifolds. Parkinson's disease is one such neurological disorder, which significantly and evidently not only shares a number of toxic pathogenic mechanisms induced by methamphetamine exposure but is also interlinked both structurally and genetically. Methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration involves altered dopamine homeostasis that promotes the aggregation of α-synuclein protofibrils in the dopaminergic neurons and drives these neurons to make them more vulnerable to degeneration, as recognized in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, the pathologic mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and decreased neurogenesis detected in methamphetamine abusers dramatically resemble to what is observed in Parkinson's disease cases. Therefore, the present review comprehensively cumulates a holistic illustration of various genetic and molecular mechanisms putting across the notion of how methamphetamine administration and intoxication might lead to Parkinson's disease-like pathology and Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Mayuri Shukla
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 10210, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Zeng R, Pu HY, Zhang XY, Yao ML, Sun Q. Methamphetamine: Mechanism of Action and Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment for Its Addiction. Chin J Integr Med 2023:10.1007/s11655-023-3635-y. [PMID: 37074617 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
With the proliferation of synthetic drugs, research on the mechanism of action of addictive drugs and treatment methods is of great significance. Among them, methamphetamine (METH) is the most representative amphetamine synthetic drug, and the treatment of METH addiction has become an urgent medical and social problem. In recent years, the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines on METH addiction have gained widespread attention because of their non-addictiveness, multiple targets, low side effects, low cost, and other characteristics. Previous studies have identified a variety of Chinese herbal medicines with effects on METH addiction. Based on the research on METH in recent years, this article summarizes the mechanism of action of METH as the starting point and briefly reviews the Chinese herbal medicine-based treatment of METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zeng
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Hong-Yu Pu
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Meng-Lin Yao
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Qin Sun
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.
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3
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Seyedhosseini Tamijani SM, Beirami E, Dargahi S, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Neuroprotective effect of thyroid hormones on methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity via cell surface receptors. Neurosci Lett 2023; 794:137009. [PMID: 36493898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.137009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) have an essential role in normal brain development and function. Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely abused psychostimulant that induces irreversible damages to neuronal cells. In the current study, we used rat primary hippocampal neurons (PHNs) to investigate the neuroprotective effect of THs against MA neurotoxicity. PHNs were prepared from 18-day rat embryos and cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, following treatment with various concentrations of MA, T3, T4 or tetrac, an integrin αvβ3 cell surface receptor antagonist. Our results showed that 7 mM MA induced an approximately 50 % reduction in the PHNs viability. Treatment with 800 nM T3 or 8 μM T4 protected PHNs against MA toxicity, an effect which was blocked in the presence of tetrac. These findings suggest that THs protect PHNs against MA-induced cell death by the activation of integrin αvβ3 cell surface receptors. So, targeting integrin αvβ3 receptors or using THs can be considered as promising therapeutic strategies to overcome MA neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elmira Beirami
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saina Dargahi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Ottonelli I, Sharma A, Ruozi B, Tosi G, Duskey JT, Vandelli MA, Lafuente JV, Nozari A, Muresanu DF, Buzoianu AD, Tian ZR, Zhang Z, Li C, Feng L, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanowired Delivery of Curcumin Attenuates Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity and Elevates Levels of Dopamine and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:385-416. [PMID: 37480467 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a well-known antioxidant used as traditional medicine in China and India since ages to treat variety of inflammatory ailments as a food supplement. Curcumin has antitumor properties with neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease. Curcumin elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine (DA) levels in the brain indicating its role in substance abuse. Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most abused substances in the world that induces profound neurotoxicity by inducing breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), vasogenic edema and cellular injuries. However, influence of curcumin on METH-induced neurotoxicity is still not well investigated. In this investigation, METH neurotoxicity and neuroprotective effects of curcumin nanodelivery were examined in a rat model. METH (20 mg/kg, i.p.) neurotoxicity is evident 4 h after its administration exhibiting breakdown of BBB to Evans blue albumin in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus and hypothalamus associated with vasogenic brain edema as seen measured using water content in all these regions. Nissl attaining exhibited profound neuronal injuries in the regions of BBB damage. Normal curcumin (50 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min after METH administration was able to reduce BBB breakdown and brain edema partially in some of the above brain regions. However, TiO2 nanowired delivery of curcumin (25 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly attenuated brain edema, neuronal injuries and the BBB leakage in all the brain areas. BDNF level showed a significant higher level in METH-treated rats as compared to saline-treated METH group. Significantly enhanced DA levels in METH-treated rats were also observed with nanowired delivery of curcumin. Normal curcumin was able to slightly elevate DA and BDNF levels in the selected brain regions. Taken together, our observations are the first to show that nanodelivery of curcumin induces superior neuroprotection in METH neurotoxicity probable by enhancing BDNF and DA levels in the brain, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ottonelli
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Med., Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Te.far.t.I, Dept of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dafin Fior Muresanu
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnosis, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Med., Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Med., Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Guo D, Huang X, Xiong T, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liang J. Molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death in methamphetamine-induced neuronal damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980340. [PMID: 36059947 PMCID: PMC9428134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine, commonly referred to as METH, is a highly addictive psychostimulant and one of the most commonly misused drugs on the planet. Using METH continuously can increase your risk for drug addiction, along with other health complications like attention deficit disorder, memory loss, and cognitive decline. Neurotoxicity caused by METH is thought to play a significant role in the onset of these neurological complications. The molecular mechanisms responsible for METH-caused neuronal damage are discussed in this review. According to our analysis, METH is closely associated with programmed cell death (PCD) in the process that causes neuronal impairment, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. In reviewing this article, some insights are gained into how METH addiction is accompanied by cell death and may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for the neurological impairment caused by METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Guo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinlei Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianqing Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingge Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyan Liang,
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6
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Sankaran D, Lakshminrusimha S, Manja V. Methamphetamine: burden, mechanism and impact on pregnancy, the fetus, and newborn. J Perinatol 2022; 42:293-299. [PMID: 34785765 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
While the opioid epidemic has garnered worldwide attention, increasing methamphetamine use has drawn less scrutiny. Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant affecting people from all backgrounds and regions. It is a potent vasoconstrictor, is associated with arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular disease-related mortality is a leading cause of death in methamphetamine users. Women of childbearing age increasingly use methamphetamine and continue during pregnancy. In the short term, prenatal methamphetamine use is associated with fetal growth restriction and low birth weight in the newborn. Animal studies show reduction in uterine and umbilical blood flow following maternal methamphetamine administration. Based on currently available evidence, prenatal methamphetamine exposure has transient effects on gross motor development, no effect on language and cognition, and modest effects on behavior and executive functioning with poor inhibitory control, which may be attributable to early adversity. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sankaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Adventist Health Rideout Hospital, Marysville, CA, USA. .,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Satyan Lakshminrusimha
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Veena Manja
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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He T, Han C, Liu C, Chen J, Yang H, Zheng L, Waddington JL, Zhen X. Dopamine D1 receptors mediate methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic damage: involvement of autophagy regulation via the AMPK/FOXO3A pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:951-964. [PMID: 35190859 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clinical studies have revealed that methamphetamine abuse increases risk for developing Parkinson's diseases. It is thus important to elucidate the mechanisms by which methamphetamine damages dopaminergic neurons. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to elucidate the role of the dopamine D1 receptor in methamphetamine-mediated dopaminergic neuronal damage and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Mice were treated for 4 days with vehicle, methamphetamine, or the D1 agonist SKF38393 and then assessed for locomotion and performance in the pole and rotarod tests. Cellular indices of autophagy, LC3, P62, and Beclin-1, tyrosine hydroxylase, and the AMPK/FOXO3A pathway were analyzed in striatal tissue from treated mice, in PC12 cells, and in D1 receptor mutant mice. RESULTS Repeated treatment with a relatively high dose of methamphetamine for 4 days induced both loss of dopaminergic neurons and activation of autophagy in the striatum as evidenced by increased expression of LC3 and P62. However, such treatment did not induce either loss of dopaminergic neurons or activation of autophagy in D1 receptor knockout mice. D1 receptor-mediated activation of autophagy was also confirmed in vitro using dopaminergic neuronal PC12 cells. Further studies demonstrated that the AMPK/FOXO3A signaling pathway is responsible for D1 receptor-mediated activation of autophagy. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate a novel mechanism for methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage and reveal an important role for D1 receptors in the neurotoxicity of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaojun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huicui Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longtai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - John L Waddington
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Valian N, Heravi M, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Comparison of Rat Primary Midbrain Neurons Cultured in DMEM/F12 and Neurobasal Mediums. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:205-212. [PMID: 34925717 PMCID: PMC8672668 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.2.1568.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Midbrain dopaminergic neurons are involved in various brain functions, including motor behavior, reinforcement, motivation, learning, and cognition. Primary dopaminergic neurons and also several lines of these cells are extensively used in cell culture studies. Primary dopaminergic neurons prepared from rodents have been cultured in both DMEM/F12 and neurobasal mediums in several studies. However, there is no document reporting the comparison of these two mediums. So in this study, we evaluated the neurons and astroglial cells in primary midbrain neurons from rat embryos cultured in DMEM/F12 and neurobasal mediums. Methods: Primary mesencephalon cells were prepared from the E14.5 rat embryo. Then they were seeded in two different mediums (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 [DMEM/F12] and neurobasal). On day 3 and day 5, half of the medium was replaced with a fresh medium. On day 7, β3-tubulin-, GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein)- and Tyrosine Hydroxylase TH-positive cells were characterized as neurons, astrocytes, and dopaminergic neurons, respectively, using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the morphology of the cells in both mediums was observed under light microscopy on days 1, 3, and 5. Results: The cells cultured in both mediums were similar under light microscopy regarding the cell number, but in a neurobasal medium, the cells have aggregated and formed clustering structures. Although GFAP-immunoreactive cells were lower in neurobasal compared to DMEM/F12, the number of β3-tubulin- and TH-positive cells in both cultures was the same. Conclusion: This study’s findings demonstrated that primary midbrain cells from the E14.5 rat embryo could grow in both DMEM/F12 and neurobasal mediums. Therefore, considering the high price of a neurobasal medium, it can be replaced with DMEM/F12 for culturing primary dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Heravi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Jayanthi S, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine: Main effects and mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2021; 344:113795. [PMID: 34186102 PMCID: PMC8338805 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychostimulant that is abused throughout the world. METH addiction is also a major public health concern and the abuse of large doses of the drug is often associated with serious neuropsychiatric consequences that may include agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, paranoia, and psychosis. Some human methamphetamine users can also suffer from attention, memory, and executive deficits. METH-associated neurological and psychiatric complications might be related, in part, to METH-induced neurotoxic effects. Those include altered dopaminergic and serotonergic functions, neuronal apoptosis, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. Here we have endeavored to discuss some of the main effects of the drug and have presented the evidence supporting certain of the molecular and cellular bases of METH neurotoxicity. The accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of transcription factors, activation of dealth pathways that emanate from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a role for neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Understanding the molecular processes involved in METH induced neurotoxicity should help in developing better therapeutic approaches that might also serve to attenuate or block the biological consequences of use of large doses of the drug by some humans who meet criteria for METH use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America.
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10
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Costa G, Caputi FF, Serra M, Simola N, Rullo L, Stamatakos S, Sanna F, Germain M, Martinoli MG, Candeletti S, Morelli M, Romualdi P. Activation of Antioxidant and Proteolytic Pathways in the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System After 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Administration: Sex-Related Differences. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713486. [PMID: 34512343 PMCID: PMC8430399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) is an amphetamine-related drug that may damage the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. To investigate the mechanisms that sustain this toxic effect and ascertain their sex-dependence, we evaluated in the nigrostriatal system of MDMA-treated (4 × 20 mg/kg, 2 h apart) male and female mice the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the gene expression of SOD type 1 and 2, together with SOD1/2 co-localization with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons. In the same mice and brain areas, activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and of β2/β5 subunits of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) were also evaluated. After MDMA, SOD1 increased in striatal TH-positive terminals, but not nigral neurons, of males and females, while SOD2 increased in striatal TH-positive terminals and nigral neurons of males only. Moreover, after MDMA, SOD1 gene expression increased in the midbrain of males and females, whereas SOD2 increased only in males. Finally, MDMA increased the SOD activity in the midbrain of females, without affecting GPx activity, decreased the β2/β5 activities in the striatum of males and the β2 activity in the midbrain of females. These results suggest that the mechanisms of MDMA-induced neurotoxic effects are sex-dependent and dopaminergic neurons of males could be more sensitive to SOD2- and UPS-mediated toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Caputi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Stamatakos
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marc Germain
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,CERMO-FC UQAM, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval and CHU Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,National Research Council of Italy, Neuroscience Institute, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Mystery of methamphetamine-induced autophagosome accumulation in hippocampal neurons: loss of syntaxin 17 in defects of dynein-dynactin driving and autophagosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3263-3284. [PMID: 34374793 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), a psychoactive-stimulant facilitates massive accumulation of autophagosomes and causes autophagy-associated neuronal death. However, the underlying mechanisms involving METH-induced auto-phagosome accumulation remain poorly understood. In the current study, autophagic flux was tracked by mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus, 900 μM METH treatment was found to significantly disrupt autophagic flux, which was further validated by remarkable increase of co-localized of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62, enhancement of LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 protein levels, and massive autophagosome puncta aggregation. With the cycloheximide (CHX) treatment, METH treatment was displayed a significant inhibition of SQSTM1/p62 degradation. Therefore, the mRNAs associated with vesicle degradation were screened, and syntaxin 17 (Stx17) and dynein-dynactin mRNA levels significantly decreased, an effect was proved in protein level as well. Intriguingly, METH induced autophagosome accumulation and autophagic flux disturbance was incredibly retarded by overexpression of Stx17, which was validated by the restoration of the fusion autophagosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion. Moreover, Stx17 overexpression obviously impeded the METH-induced decrease of co-localization of the retrograded motor protein dynein/dynactin and autophagosome-late endosome, though the dynein/dynactin proteins were not involved in autophagosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion. Collectively, our findings unravel the mechanism of METH-induced autophagosome accumulation involving autophagosome-late endosome/lysosome fusion deficiency and that autophagy-enhancing mechanisms such as the overexpression of Stx17 may be therapeutic strategies for the treatment of METH-induced neuronal damage.
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12
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Shin EJ, Jeong JH, Hwang Y, Sharma N, Dang DK, Nguyen BT, Nah SY, Jang CG, Bing G, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity as a model of Parkinson's disease. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:668-688. [PMID: 34286473 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence, approximately 1 % in the elderly population. Numerous studies have demonstrated that methamphetamine (MA) intoxication caused the neurological deficits and nigrostriatal damage seen in Parkinsonian conditions, and subsequent rodent studies have found that neurotoxic binge administration of MA reproduced PD-like features, in terms of its symptomatology and pathology. Several anti-Parkinsonian medications have been shown to attenuate the motor impairments and dopaminergic damage induced by MA. In addition, it has been recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, pro-apoptosis, proteasomal/autophagic impairment, and neuroinflammation play important roles in inducing MA neurotoxicity. Importantly, MA neurotoxicity has been shown to share a common mechanism of dopaminergic toxicity with that of PD pathogenesis. This review describes the major findings on the neuropathological features and underlying neurotoxic mechanisms induced by MA and compares them with Parkinsonian pathogenesis. Taken together, it is suggested that neurotoxic binge-type administration of MA in rodents is a valid animal model for PD that may provide knowledge on the neuropathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.,Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 900000, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 16419, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Guoying Bing
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY, 40536, Lexington, USA
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Science, Fujita Health University, 470-1192, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea. .,Neuropsychopharmacology & Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Limanaqi F, Busceti CL, Celli R, Biagioni F, Fornai F. Autophagy as a gateway for the effects of methamphetamine: From neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102112. [PMID: 34171442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major eukaryotic cell clearing machinery, autophagy grants cell proteostasis, which is key for neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival. In line with this, besides neuropathological events, autophagy dysfunctions are bound to synaptic alterations that occur in mental disorders, and early on, in neurodegenerative diseases. This is also the case of methamphetamine (METH) abuse, which leads to psychiatric disturbances and neurotoxicity. While consistently altering the autophagy machinery, METH produces behavioral and neurotoxic effects through molecular and biochemical events that can be recapitulated by autophagy blockade. These consist of altered physiological dopamine (DA) release, abnormal stimulation of DA and glutamate receptors, as well as oxidative, excitotoxic, and neuroinflammatory events. Recent molecular insights suggest that METH early impairs the autophagy machinery, though its functional significance remains to be investigated. Here we discuss evidence suggesting that alterations of DA transmission and autophagy are intermingled within a chain of events underlying behavioral alterations and neurodegenerative phenomena produced by METH. Understanding how METH alters the autophagy machinery is expected to provide novel insights into the neurobiology of METH addiction sharing some features with psychiatric disorders and parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Celli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126, Pisa, PI, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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14
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Chen L, Ru Q, Xiong Q, Zhou M, Yue K, Wu Y. The Role of Chinese Herbal Therapy in Methamphetamine Abuse and its Induced Psychiatric Symptoms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679905. [PMID: 34040537 PMCID: PMC8143530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated intake of methamphetamine (METH) leads to drug addiction, the inability to control intake, and strong drug cravings. It is also likely to cause psychiatric impairments, such as cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety. Because the specific neurobiological mechanisms involved are complex and have not been fully and systematically elucidated, there is no established pharmacotherapy for METH abuse. Studies have found that a variety of Chinese herbal medicines have significant therapeutic effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms and have the advantage of multitarget comprehensive treatment. We conducted a systematic review, from neurobiological mechanisms to candidate Chinese herbal medicines, hoping to provide new perspectives and ideas for the prevention and treatment of METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Ru
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Wu M, Su H, Zhao M. The Role of α-Synuclein in Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1007-1021. [PMID: 33555547 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), a highly addictive psychostimulant, is the second most widely used illicit drug. METH produces damage dopamine neurons and apoptosis via multiple inter-regulating mechanisms, including dopamine overload, hyperthermia, oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein degradation system dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Increasing evidence suggests that chronic METH abuse is associated with neurodegenerative changes in the human brain and an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). METH use and PD may share some common steps in causing neurotoxicity. Accumulation of α-synuclein, a presynaptic protein, is the pathological hallmark of PD. Intriguingly, α-synuclein upregulation and aggregation are also found in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in chronic METH users. This suggests α-synuclein may play a role in METH-induced neurotoxicity. The mechanism of α-synuclein cytotoxicity in PD has attracted considerable attention; however, how α-synuclein affects METH-induced neurotoxicity has not been reviewed. In this review, we summarize the relationship between METH use and PD, interdependent mechanisms that are involved in METH-induced neurotoxicity and the significance of α-synuclein upregulation in response to METH use. The identification of α-synuclein overexpression and aggregation as a contributor to METH-induced neurotoxicity may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of the deleterious effect of this drug and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Triningsih D, Yang JH, Sim KH, Lee C, Lee YJ. Acrylamide and its metabolite induce neurotoxicity via modulation of protein kinase C and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105105. [PMID: 33545342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is known as a neurotoxicant found in commonly consumed food as well as in human body. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity by acrylamide and its metabolite, glycidamide remain largely unknown. In this study, we have examined the interplay between CYP2E1, AMPK, ERK and PKC in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity associated with autophagy in PC12 cells. Acrylamide-induced cell death was mediated by CYP2E1 expression and the activation of ERK, PKC-ɑ and PKC-δ, whereas AMPK knockdown exacerbated the acrylamide-induced neurotoxic effects. PKC-ɑ, but not PKC-δ, plays an upstream regulator of ERK and AMPK. Moreover, AMPK activation suppressed ERK, and CYP2E1 and AMPK bilaterally inhibit each other. Furthermore, acrylamide increased autophagy with impaired autophagic flux, evidenced by the increased beclin-1, LC3-II and p62 protein. Acrylamide-induced neuronal death was ameliorated by 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, whereas neuronal death was exacerbated by chloroquine, a lysosomal inhibitor. Interestingly, PKC-δ siRNA, but not PKC-ɑ siRNA, dramatically reduced acrylamide-induced beclin-1 and LC3-II levels, whereas AMPK siRNA further increased beclin-1, LC3-II and p62 protein levels. Glycidamide, a major metabolite, mimicked acrylamide only with a higher potency. Taken together, acrylamide- and glycidamide-induced neurotoxicity may involve cytotoxic autophagy, which is mediated by interplay between PKCs and AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Triningsih
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Hwa Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuhee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Autophagy status as a gateway for stress-induced catecholamine interplay in neurodegeneration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:238-256. [PMID: 33497785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The catecholamine-containing brainstem nuclei locus coeruleus (LC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are critically involved in stress responses. Alterations of catecholamine systems during chronic stress may contribute to neurodegeneration, including cognitive decline. Stress-related catecholamine alterations, while contributing to anxiety and depression, might accelerate neuronal degeneration by increasing the formation of toxic dopamine and norepinephrine by-products. These, in turn, may impair proteostasis within a variety of cortical and subcortical areas. In particular, the molecular events governing neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, and proteostasis within LC and VTA affect a variety of brain areas. Therefore, we focus on alterations of autophagy machinery in these nuclei as a relevant trigger in this chain of events. In fact, these catecholamine-containing areas are mostly prone to autophagy-dependent neurodegeneration. Thus, we propose a dynamic hypothesis according to which stress-induced autophagy alterations within the LC-VTA network foster a cascade towards early neurodegeneration within these nuclei.
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18
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Li J, Huang J, He Y, Wang W, Leung CK, Zhang D, Zhang R, Wang S, Li Y, Liu L, Zeng X, Li Z. The protective effect of gastrodin against the synergistic effect of HIV-Tat protein and METH on the blood-brain barrier via glucose transporter 1 and glucose transporter 3. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:91-101. [PMID: 33613977 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also afflicted with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). Methamphetamine (METH) abuse puts HIV-1 patients at risk for HANDs because METH and HIV-1 proteins, such as trans-activator of transcription (Tat), can synergistically damage the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the underlying mechanism of METH- and HIV-Tat-induced BBB damage remains unclear. In this study, male adult tree shrews and human brain capillary endothelial cells were treated with HIV-Tat, METH, and gastrodin. We used western blotting to examine the expressions of glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT3), tight junctions, and junctional adhesion molecule A (JAMA) and to evaluate the damage and detect Evans blue (EB) and fluorescein sodium in the brain to assess BBB permeability to study the effect of METH and the HIV-1 Tat protein on BBB function in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the group treated with Tat and METH experienced a significant change at the ultrastructural level of the tree shrew cerebral cortex, decreased protein levels of occluding, claudin-5, Zonula occludens 1 (ZO1), and JAMA in vitro and in vivo, and increased levels of EB and fluorescein sodium in the tree shrew cerebral cortex. The protein levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 was downregulated in patients with Tat- and METH-induced BBB damage. Pretreatment with gastrodin significantly increased the levels of EB and fluorescein sodium in the tree shrew cerebral cortex and increased the expressions of occluding, ZO1, JAMA, and GLUT1 and GLUT. These results indicate that gastrodin may offer a potential therapeutic option for patients with HANDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.,Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling road,Yunnan 650531, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Dadao Bei, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongwang He
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiaoling road,Yunnan 650531, China
| | - Chi-Kwan Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongxian Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Shangwen Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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19
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Tackie-Yarboi E, Wisner A, Horton A, Chau TQT, Reigle J, Funk AJ, McCullumsmith RE, Hall FS, Williams FE, Schiefer IT. Combining Neurobehavioral Analysis and In Vivo Photoaffinity Labeling to Understand Protein Targets of Methamphetamine in Casper Zebrafish. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2761-2773. [PMID: 32786314 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling (PAL) remains one of the most widely utilized methods of determining protein targets of drugs. Although useful, the scope of this technique has been limited to in vitro applications because of the inability of UV light to penetrate whole organisms. Herein, pigment-free Casper zebrafish were employed to allow in vivo PAL. A methamphetamine-related phenethylamine PAL probe, designated here as 2, demonstrated dose-dependent effects on behavior similar to methamphetamine and permitted concentration-dependent labeling of protein binding partners. Click chemistry was used to analyze binding partners via fluoroimaging. Conjugation to a biotin permitted streptavidin pull-down and proteomic analysis to define direct binding partners of the methamphetamine probe. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the probe was chiefly bound to proteins involved in phagocytosis and mitochondrial function. Future applications of this experimental paradigm combining examination of drug-protein binding interactions alongside neurobehavioral readouts via in vivo PAL will significantly enhance our understanding of drug targets, mechanism(s) of action, and toxicity/lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Tackie-Yarboi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Alexander Wisner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Austin Horton
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Tue Q. T. Chau
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - James Reigle
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Adam J. Funk
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
- Neurosciences Institute, Promedica, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Frank S. Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Frederick E. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Isaac T. Schiefer
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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20
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Shao X, Liu L, Wei F, Liu Y, Wang F, Yi J, Sun L, Huang Y, Song Z, Yin W, Zhao H, Li Y. Fas and GIT1 signalling in the prefrontal cortex mediate behavioural sensitization to methamphetamine in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:361-371. [PMID: 32777257 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Repeated methamphetamine (METH) administration in mice readily produces behavioural sensitization, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The present research aimed to identify new targets affecting METH-induced behavioural sensitization. METHODS We first established a mouse model of METH-induced behavioural sensitization. To characterize the animal model, we performed behavioural tests at different stages of behavioural sensitization and simultaneously detected changes in several neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Next, we perfromed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen new targets, which were subsequently and verified by RT-PCR and western blot. Finally, we confirmed the roles of the new targets in METH-induced behavioural sensitization by injection of overexpressed lentiviruses and further detected related protein levels by western blot and histological changes by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. RESULTS We successfully established a mouse model of METH-induced behavioural sensitization. The locomotor activities of the mice changed at different stages of sensitization, accompanied by changes in the levels of DA, 5-HT, GABA and glutamate. For RNA-seq analysis, we chose Fas as target, meanwhile, we chose GIT1 as target through literature. The detection of gene expression by RT-PCR indicated that METH-sensitized mice exhibited decreased levels of Fas, MEK1 and CREB and increased levels of Erk1/2 in the PFC. Western blot analysis revealed decreased Fas, GIT1, MEK1 and phosphorylated CREB levels and increased phosphorylated Erk1/2 levels in METH-sensitized mice. Injection of Fas and GIT1 injection showed that overexpression of Fas and GIT1 inhibited the induction of METH sensitization and reversed the changes in neurotransmitter levels and related protein levels, including MEK1, phosphorylated CREB and phosphorylated Erk1/2, in METH-sensitized mice. Overexpression of Fas and GIT1 also reduced histological lesions induced by METH. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that the development of behavioural sensitization to METH may be mediated by Fas and GIT1 through the MEK1-Erk1/2-CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Fuyao Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yucui Liu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jingwen Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Luguo Sun
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wu Yin
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yunxin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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21
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Subu R, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL. Compulsive methamphetamine taking induces autophagic and apoptotic markers in the rat dorsal striatum. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3515-3526. [PMID: 32676729 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder (MUD) is often accompanied by psychotic symptoms, cognitive deficits, and pathological changes in the brains of users. Animals that experimenters injected with drugs also show neurodegenerative changes in their brains. Recently, we have been investigating METH-induced molecular and biochemical consequences in animals that had infused themselves with METH using the drug self-administration (SA) paradigm. In that model, footshocks administered contingently help to separate rats that had already escalated their METH intake into resilient-to-drug (shock-sensitive, SS) or compulsive (shock-resistant, SR) METH takers. Herein, we used that model to test the idea that compulsive METH takers might show evidence of drug-induced autophagic changes in their brains. There were significant increases in mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes including Atg2a, Atg5, Atg14, and Atg16L1 in the rat dorsal striatum. Levels of two autophagy biomarkers, autophagy activating kinase (ULK1) and phospho-Beclin1, were also increased. In addition, we found increased p53 but decreased Bcl-2 protein levels. Moreover, the expression of cleaved initiator caspase-9 and effector caspase-6 was higher in compulsive METH takers in comparison to shock-sensitive rats. When taken together, these results suggest that the striata of rats that had escalated and continue to take METH compulsively the presence of adverse consequences exhibit some pathological changes similar to those reported in post-mortem human striatal tissues. These results provide supporting evidence that compulsive METH taking is neurotoxic. Our observations also support the notion of developing neuro-regenerative agents to add to the therapeutic armamentarium against METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Subu
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Gambardella S, Familiari P, Frati A, Fornai F. Promiscuous Roles of Autophagy and Proteasome in Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3028. [PMID: 32344772 PMCID: PMC7215558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) are commonly implicated in protein aggregation and toxicity which manifest in a number of neurological disorders. In fact, both UPS and autophagy alterations are bound to the aggregation, spreading and toxicity of the so-called prionoid proteins, including alpha synuclein (α-syn), amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, huntingtin, superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), TAR-DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS). Recent biochemical and morphological studies add to this scenario, focusing on the coordinated, either synergistic or compensatory, interplay that occurs between autophagy and the UPS. In fact, a number of biochemical pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transcription factor EB (TFEB), Bcl2-associated athanogene 1/3 (BAG3/1) and glycogen synthase kinase beta (GSk3β), which are widely explored as potential targets in neurodegenerative proteinopathies, operate at the crossroad between autophagy and UPS. These biochemical steps are key in orchestrating the specificity and magnitude of the two degradation systems for effective protein homeostasis, while intermingling with intracellular secretory/trafficking and inflammatory pathways. The findings discussed in the present manuscript are supposed to add novel viewpoints which may further enrich our insight on the complex interactions occurring between cell-clearing systems, protein misfolding and propagation. Discovering novel mechanisms enabling a cross-talk between the UPS and autophagy is expected to provide novel potential molecular targets in proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (S.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Stefano Gambardella
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (S.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Pietro Familiari
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Frati
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (S.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (S.G.); (A.F.)
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Yang GM, Li L, Xue FL, Ma CL, Zeng XF, Zhao YN, Zhang DX, Yu Y, Yan QW, Zhou YQ, Hong SJ, Li LH. The Potential Role of PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway Concerned with Gastrodin Administration on Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference Rats and SH-SY5Y Cell Line. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:926-935. [PMID: 31900897 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of gastrodin (GAS) on methamphetamine (MA)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats and explore its potential mechanisms. MA (10 mg/kg) was initially injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) in rats, after which they were administered either MA or saline alternately from day 4 to 13 (D4-13) for 10 days, followed by treatment with GAS (10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) on D15-21 for 7 days. The rats underwent CPP testing after MA and GAS treatment. In vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to MA (2.0 mM) for 24 h, followed by treatment with GAS (2.0 or 4.0 mM) for 24 h. The expression levels of PKA, P-PKA, CREB, and P-CREB proteins in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area of MA-induced CPP rats and in SH-SY5Y cells were detected by Western blot analysis. The MA-induced CPP rat model was successfully established. The administration of MA stimulated a significant alteration in behavior, as measured by the CPP protocol. After treatment with GAS, the amount of time rats spent in the MA-paired chamber was significantly reduced. Results also showed that MA increased the expression levels of PKA, P-PKA, CREB, and p-CREB proteins in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area of CPP rats and in SH-SY5Y cells (p < 0.05). GAS attenuated the effect of MA-induced CPP in rats and decreased the expression levels of proteins in vivo and in vitro. Our study suggests that GAS can attenuate the effects of MA-induced CPP in rats by regulating the PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Meng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Lin Xue
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen-Li Ma
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Na Zhao
- International Education School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong-Xian Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian-Wen Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Qing Zhou
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Jun Hong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li-Hua Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Limanaqi F, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Fornai F, Puglisi-Allegra S. Autophagy-Based Hypothesis on the Role of Brain Catecholamine Response During Stress. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:569248. [PMID: 33093837 PMCID: PMC7527533 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.569248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful events, similar to abused drugs, significantly affect the homeostatic balance of the catecholamine brain systems while activating compensation mechanisms to restore balance. In detail, norepinephrine (NE)- and dopamine (DA)-containing neurons within the locus coeruleus (LC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), are readily and similarly activated by psychostimulants and stressful events involving neural processes related to perception, reward, cognitive evaluation, appraisal, and stress-dependent hormonal factors. Brain catecholamine response to stress results in time-dependent regulatory processes involving mesocorticolimbic circuits and networks, where LC-NE neurons respond more readily than VTA-DA neurons. LC-NE projections are dominant in controlling the forebrain DA-targeted areas, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC). Heavy and persistent coping demand could lead to sustained LC-NE and VTA-DA neuronal activity, that, when persisting chronically, is supposed to alter LC-VTA synaptic connections. Increasing evidence has been provided indicating a role of autophagy in modulating DA neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. This alters behavior, and emotional/cognitive experience in response to drug abuse and occasionally, to psychological stress. Thus, relevant information to address the role of stress and autophagy can be drawn from psychostimulants research. In the present mini-review we discuss the role of autophagy in brain catecholamine response to stress and its dysregulation. The findings here discussed suggest a crucial role of regulated autophagy in the response and adaptation of LC-NE and VTA-DA systems to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies on Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies on Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Uğurlu P, Satar Eİ, Çiçek T. The histopathological, cytopathological and ultrastructural effects of carbaryl on gills of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 71:103217. [PMID: 31284173 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastructural and histopathological reponses in the organs of living organisms are important and useful tools to determine the health condition and the effects of pollutants, such as pesticides, on the organisms. The aim of this study is to determine possible histopathological, cytopathological and ultrastructural alterations in gills of Oreochromis niloticus individuals exposed to 850 μg/L carbaryl standart at 7th, 14th and 21st days with light and electron microscopes. The fish were exposed to carbaryl for 21 days and the histopatological, ultrastructural and cytopathological alterations occuring in the gill tissues of organisms were determined by light, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopes (SEM and TEM). At the end of the study, it was observed that carbaryl caused both histopathological and cytopathological changes in the gills of O. niloticus. It has been determined that the most of the pathological changes in the exposed organisms are the metabolic defence reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Uğurlu
- Dicle University Science and Technology Application and Research Center, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | - Elif İpek Satar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| | - Tarık Çiçek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey.
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Pathological Consequences of Drug Abuse: Implication of Redox Imbalance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4780852. [PMID: 31915508 PMCID: PMC6930710 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4780852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Ryskalin L, Polzella M, Frati A, Fornai F. Phytochemicals Bridging Autophagy Induction and Alpha-Synuclein Degradation in Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133274. [PMID: 31277285 PMCID: PMC6651086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among nutraceuticals, phytochemical-rich compounds represent a source of naturally-derived bioactive principles, which are extensively studied for potential beneficial effects in a variety of disorders ranging from cardiovascular and metabolic diseases to cancer and neurodegeneration. In the brain, phytochemicals produce a number of biological effects such as modulation of neurotransmitter activity, growth factor induction, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, stem cell modulation/neurogenesis, regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, and counteracting protein aggregation through modulation of protein-folding chaperones and the cell clearing systems autophagy and proteasome. In particular, the ability of phytochemicals in restoring proteostasis through autophagy induction took center stage in recent research on neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, autophagy dysfunctions and α-syn aggregation represent two interdependent downstream biochemical events, which concur in the parkinsonian brain, and which are targeted by phytochemicals administration. Therefore, in the present review we discuss evidence about the autophagy-based neuroprotective effects of specific phytochemical-rich plants in experimental parkinsonism, with a special focus on their ability to counteract alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity. Although further studies are needed to confirm the autophagy-based effects of some phytochemicals in parkinsonism, the evidence discussed here suggests that rescuing autophagy through natural compounds may play a role in preserving dopamine (DA) neuron integrity by counteracting the aggregation, toxicity, and prion-like spreading of α-syn, which remains a hallmark of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | | | | | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | - Maico Polzella
- Aliveda Laboratories, Crespina Lorenzana, 56042 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S Neuromed, Via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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28
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The effects of proteasome on baseline and methamphetamine-dependent dopamine transmission. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:308-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yang G, Zeng X, Li J, Leung CK, Zhang D, Hong S, He Y, Huang J, Li L, Li Z. Protective effect of gastrodin against methamphetamine-induced autophagy in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2019; 707:134287. [PMID: 31128157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) has been shown to induce neuropathological dysfunction and irreversible brain cell damage. Prior studies indicated the involvement of autophagy in METH-induced neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism by which autophagy contributes to METH-induced neurotoxicity remains elusive. Gastrodin, a primary bioactive constituent of Gastrodia elata-an orchid used in traditional Chinese medicine-is used widely to treat stroke, dementia, and headache. This study investigates whether METH induces autophagy in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, then examines the neuroprotective effects of gastrodin against autophagy in METH-treated SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of METH on the protein expressions of autophagy-related genes (LC3B and Beclin-1) were evaluated with and without gastrodin. The presence of autophagosomes in the METH-induced treatment with and without gastrodin is revealed through transmission electron microscopy. Pharmacological intervention was employed to study the role of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the gastrodin-mediated neuroprotection against METH-induced autophagy. The present results indicate that METH exposure elevates the protein expression levels of LC3B and Beclin-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gastrodin is observed to block the METH-induced upregulation of LC3B and Beclin-1 protein expression significantly. Gastrodin is found to exhibit an anti-autophagic effect on the inhibition of the METH-induced Beclin-1 protein expression, partly via the AKT/mTOR These findings may aid the development of a gastrodin-based therapeutic strategy for treating METH-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmeng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chi-Kwan Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongxian Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shijun Hong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yongwang He
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lihua Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Ferrucci M, Limanaqi F, Ryskalin L, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Fornai F. The Effects of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine on the Release of Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Acetylcholine From the Brainstem Reticular Formation. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:48. [PMID: 31133823 PMCID: PMC6524618 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) and methamphetamine (METH) are widely abused psychostimulants, which produce a variety of psychomotor, autonomic and neurotoxic effects. The behavioral and neurotoxic effects of both compounds (from now on defined as AMPHs) stem from a fair molecular and anatomical specificity for catecholamine-containing neurons, which are placed in the brainstem reticular formation (RF). In fact, the structural cross-affinity joined with the presence of shared molecular targets between AMPHs and catecholamine provides the basis for a quite selective recruitment of brainstem catecholamine neurons following AMPHs administration. A great amount of investigations, commentary manuscripts and books reported a pivotal role of mesencephalic dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in producing behavioral and neurotoxic effects of AMPHs. Instead, the present review article focuses on catecholamine reticular neurons of the low brainstem. In fact, these nuclei add on DA mesencephalic cells to mediate the effects of AMPHs. Among these, we also include two pontine cholinergic nuclei. Finally, we discuss the conundrum of a mixed neuronal population, which extends from the pons to the periaqueductal gray (PAG). In this way, a number of reticular nuclei beyond classic DA mesencephalic cells are considered to extend the scenario underlying the neurobiology of AMPHs abuse. The mechanistic approach followed here to describe the action of AMPHs within the RF is rooted on the fine anatomy of this region of the brainstem. This is exemplified by a few medullary catecholamine neurons, which play a pivotal role compared with the bulk of peripheral sympathetic neurons in sustaining most of the cardiovascular effects induced by AMPHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferrucci
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Cell Clearing Systems Bridging Neuro-Immunity and Synaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092197. [PMID: 31060234 PMCID: PMC6538995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, functional interconnections emerged between synaptic transmission, inflammatory/immune mediators, and central nervous system (CNS) (patho)-physiology. Such interconnections rose up to a level that involves synaptic plasticity, both concerning its molecular mechanisms and the clinical outcomes related to its behavioral abnormalities. Within this context, synaptic plasticity, apart from being modulated by classic CNS molecules, is strongly affected by the immune system, and vice versa. This is not surprising, given the common molecular pathways that operate at the cross-road between the CNS and immune system. When searching for a common pathway bridging neuro-immune and synaptic dysregulations, the two major cell-clearing cell clearing systems, namely the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, take center stage. In fact, just like is happening for the turnover of key proteins involved in neurotransmitter release, antigen processing within both peripheral and CNS-resident antigen presenting cells is carried out by UPS and autophagy. Recent evidence unravelling the functional cross-talk between the cell-clearing pathways challenged the traditional concept of autophagy and UPS as independent systems. In fact, autophagy and UPS are simultaneously affected in a variety of CNS disorders where synaptic and inflammatory/immune alterations concur. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy and UPS in bridging synaptic plasticity with neuro-immunity, while posing a special emphasis on their interactions, which may be key to defining the role of immunity in synaptic plasticity in health and disease.
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Valian N, Heravi M, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Effect of methamphetamine on rat primary midbrain cells; mitochondrial biogenesis as a compensatory response. Neuroscience 2019; 406:278-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ramesh J, Ronsard L, Gao A, Venugopal B. Autophagy Intertwines with Different Diseases-Recent Strategies for Therapeutic Approaches. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7010015. [PMID: 30717078 PMCID: PMC6473623 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a regular and substantial “clear-out process” that occurs within the cell and that gets rid of debris that accumulates in membrane-enclosed vacuoles by using enzyme-rich lysosomes, which are filled with acids that degrade the contents of the vacuoles. This machinery is well-connected with many prevalent diseases, including cancer, HIV, and Parkinson’s disease. Considering that autophagy is well-known for its significant connections with a number of well-known fatal diseases, a thorough knowledge of the current findings in the field is essential in developing therapies to control the progression rate of diseases. Thus, this review summarizes the critical events comprising autophagy in the cellular system and the significance of its key molecules in manifesting this pathway in various diseases for down- or upregulation. We collectively reviewed the role of autophagy in various diseases, mainly neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and renal disorders. Here, some collective reports on autophagy showed that this process might serve as a dual performer: either protector or contributor to certain diseases. The aim of this review is to help researchers to understand the role of autophagy-regulating genes encoding functional open reading frames (ORFs) and its connection with diseases, which will eventually drive better understanding of both the progression and suppression of different diseases at various stages. This review also focuses on certain novel therapeutic strategies which have been published in the recent years based on targeting autophagy key proteins and its interconnecting signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Ramesh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai 600113, India.
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Larance Ronsard
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
| | - Anthony Gao
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Bhuvarahamurthy Venugopal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai 600113, India.
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Proteasome inhibition by MG-132 protects against deltamethrin-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampus. Life Sci 2019; 220:76-83. [PMID: 30695709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Deltamethrin (DM), a type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used in agriculture and home pest control. The evaluation of their toxic effects is of major concern to public health. However, the molecular mechanism of DM-induced neurodegenerative disease is still far from clear. This study was designed to investigate the potential role of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in DM-induced neurotoxicity where the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 could mitigate the neurotoxic effects. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two batches. The first batch of rats was administrated with a single dose of DM (12.5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injections (i.p.) and the animals were then euthanized at 5, 24, and 48 h post injection. The second batch was treated as follow: control group, DM (12.5 mg/kg) groups for 24 h, MG-132 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) 2 h plus DM 24 h group, and MG-132 alone group. Ubiqutinatied proteins, DNA damage and apoptosis were investigated. KEY FINDINGS DM treatment induced the ubiquitinated proteins expression with the peaks at 5 h. Moreover, DM increased DNA damage, early apoptotic rate, the expression level of Cleaved Caspase-3, caspase-3 activity and decreased the expression level of Bcl-2 at DM 24 h group. Compared to DM 24 h group, MG-132 pretreatment significantly down-regulated ubiquitinated proteins, lowered the DNA damage and apoptosis by decreasing Caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2 expression. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that MG-132 effectively alleviates DM-induced DNA damage and apoptosis by inhibiting ubiquitinated proteins. UPS may play a role in DM-induced neurodegenerative disorders.
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Acioglu C, Tuzuner MB, Serhatli M, Acilan C, Sahin B, Akgun E, Adiguzel Z, Gurel B, Baykal AT. A Proteomic Analysis of Mitochondrial Complex III Inhibition in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164615666180713110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Antimycin A (AntA) is a potent Electron Transport System (ETS) inhibitor exerting its effect through inhibiting the transfer of the electrons by binding to the quinone reduction site of the cytochrome bc1 complex (Complex III), which is known to be impaired in Huntington’s Disease (HD). The current studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of complex III inhibition in the SH-SY5Y cell line to delineate the molecular and cellular processes, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of HD.
Methods:
We treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with AntA in order to establish an in vitro mitochondrial dysfunction model for HD. Differential proteome analysis was performed by the nLCMS/ MS system. Protein expression was assessed by western blot analysis.
Results:
Thirty five differentially expressed proteins as compared to the vehicle-treated controls were detected. Functional pathway analysis indicated that proteins involved in ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway were up-regulated in AntA-treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and the ubiquitinated protein accumulation was confirmed by immunoblotting. We found that Prothymosin α (ProT α) was downregulated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression was co-regulated with ProT α expression, hence knockdown of ProT α in SH-SY5Y cells decreased Nrf2 protein level.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that complex III impairment might downregulate ubiquitinproteasome function and NRF2/Keap1 antioxidant response. In addition, it is likely that downregulation of Nrf2 is due to the decreased expression of ProT α in AntA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Our results could advance the understanding of mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Acioglu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Mete Bora Tuzuner
- Research and Development Center, Acibadem Labmed Medical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muge Serhatli
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Acilan
- School of Medicine, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Sahin
- Research and Development Center, Acibadem Labmed Medical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Akgun
- Research and Development Center, Acibadem Labmed Medical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zelal Adiguzel
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Busra Gurel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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mTOR Modulates Methamphetamine-Induced Toxicity through Cell Clearing Systems. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6124745. [PMID: 30647813 PMCID: PMC6311854 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6124745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is abused worldwide, and it represents a threat for public health. METH exposure induces a variety of detrimental effects. In fact, METH produces a number of oxidative species, which lead to lipid peroxidation, protein misfolding, and nuclear damage. Cell clearing pathways such as ubiquitin-proteasome (UP) and autophagy (ATG) are involved in METH-induced oxidative damage. Although these pathways were traditionally considered to operate as separate metabolic systems, recent studies demonstrate their interconnection at the functional and biochemical level. Very recently, the convergence between UP and ATG was evidenced within a single organelle named autophagoproteasome (APP), which is suppressed by mTOR activation. In the present research study, the occurrence of APP during METH toxicity was analyzed. In fact, coimmunoprecipitation indicates a binding between LC3 and P20S particles, which also recruit p62 and alpha-synuclein. The amount of METH-induced toxicity correlates with APP levels. Specific markers for ATG and UP, such as LC3 and P20S in the cytosol, and within METH-induced vacuoles, were measured at different doses and time intervals following METH administration either alone or combined with mTOR modulators. Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, light microscopy, confocal microscopy, plain transmission electron microscopy, and immunogold staining were used to document the effects of mTOR modulation on METH toxicity and the merging of UP with ATG markers within APPs. METH-induced cell death is prevented by mTOR inhibition, while it is worsened by mTOR activation, which correlates with the amount of autophagoproteasomes. The present data, which apply to METH toxicity, are also relevant to provide a novel insight into cell clearing pathways to counteract several kinds of oxidative damage.
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Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Gambardella S, Ryskalin L, Fornai F. Interdependency Between Autophagy and Synaptic Vesicle Trafficking: Implications for Dopamine Release. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:299. [PMID: 30186112 PMCID: PMC6110820 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (ATG) and the Ubiquitin Proteasome (UP) are the main clearing systems of eukaryotic cells, in that being ultimately involved in degrading damaged and potentially harmful cytoplasmic substrates. Emerging evidence implicates that, in addition to their classic catalytic function in the cytosol, autophagy and the proteasome act as modulators of neurotransmission, inasmuch as they orchestrate degradation and turnover of synaptic vesicles (SVs) and related proteins. These findings are now defining a novel synaptic scenario, where clearing systems and secretory pathways may be considered as a single system, which senses alterations in quality and distribution (in time, amount and place) of both synaptic proteins and neurotransmitters. In line with this, in the present manuscript we focus on evidence showing that, a dysregulation of secretory and trafficking pathways is quite constant in the presence of an impairment of autophagy-lysosomal machinery, which eventually precipitates synaptic dysfunction. Such a dual effect appears not to be just incidental but it rather represents the natural evolution of archaic cell compartments. While discussing these issues, we pose a special emphasis on the role of autophagy upon dopamine (DA) neurotransmission, which is early affected in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. In detail, we discuss how autophagy is engaged not only in removing potentially dangerous proteins, which can interfere with the mechanisms of DA release, but also the fate of synaptic DA vesicles thus surveilling DA neurotransmission. These concepts contribute to shed light on early mechanisms underlying intersection of autophagy with DA-related synaptic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Ryskalin L, Limanaqi F, Frati A, Busceti CL, Fornai F. mTOR-Related Brain Dysfunctions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082226. [PMID: 30061532 PMCID: PMC6121884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinase, which senses and integrates several intracellular and environmental cues to orchestrate major processes such as cell growth and metabolism. Altered mTOR signalling is associated with brain malformation and neurological disorders. Emerging evidence indicates that even subtle defects in the mTOR pathway may produce severe effects, which are evident as neurological and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, administration of mTOR inhibitors may be beneficial for a variety of neuropsychiatric alterations encompassing neurodegeneration, brain tumors, brain ischemia, epilepsy, autism, mood disorders, drugs of abuse, and schizophrenia. mTOR has been widely implicated in synaptic plasticity and autophagy activation. This review addresses the role of mTOR-dependent autophagy dysfunction in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, to focus mainly on psychiatric syndromes including schizophrenia and drug addiction. For instance, amphetamines-induced addiction fairly overlaps with some neuropsychiatric disorders including neurodegeneration and schizophrenia. For this reason, in the present review, a special emphasis is placed on the role of mTOR on methamphetamine-induced brain alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy.
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Epigenetic Effects Induced by Methamphetamine and Methamphetamine-Dependent Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4982453. [PMID: 30140365 PMCID: PMC6081569 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4982453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a widely abused drug, which possesses neurotoxic activity and powerful addictive effects. Understanding methamphetamine toxicity is key beyond the field of drug abuse since it allows getting an insight into the molecular mechanisms which operate in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. In fact, key alterations produced by methamphetamine involve dopamine neurotransmission in a way, which is reminiscent of spontaneous neurodegeneration and psychiatric schizophrenia. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms operated by methamphetamine represents a wide window to understand both the addicted brain and a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. This overlapping, which is already present when looking at the molecular and cellular events promoted immediately after methamphetamine intake, becomes impressive when plastic changes induced in the brain of methamphetamine-addicted patients are considered. Thus, the present manuscript is an attempt to encompass all the molecular events starting at the presynaptic dopamine terminals to reach the nucleus of postsynaptic neurons to explain how specific neurotransmitters and signaling cascades produce persistent genetic modifications, which shift neuronal phenotype and induce behavioral alterations. A special emphasis is posed on disclosing those early and delayed molecular events, which translate an altered neurotransmitter function into epigenetic events, which are derived from the translation of postsynaptic noncanonical signaling into altered gene regulation. All epigenetic effects are considered in light of their persistent changes induced in the postsynaptic neurons including sensitization and desensitization, priming, and shift of neuronal phenotype.
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Yang X, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhong Y, Chen L, Du Y, He J, Liao L, Xiong K, Yi CX, Yan J. The Main Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Methamphetamine- Induced Neurotoxicity and Implications for Pharmacological Treatment. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:186. [PMID: 29915529 PMCID: PMC5994595 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a popular new-type psychostimulant drug with complicated neurotoxicity. In spite of mounting evidence on METH-induced damage of neural cell, the accurate mechanism of toxic effect of the drug on central nervous system (CNS) has not yet been completely deciphered. Besides, effective treatment strategies toward METH neurotoxicity remain scarce and more efficacious drugs are to be developed. In this review, we summarize cellular and molecular bases that might contribute to METH-elicited neurotoxicity, which mainly include oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. We also discuss some drugs that protect neural cells suffering from METH-induced neurotoxic consequences. We hope more in-depth investigations of exact details that how METH produces toxicity in CNS could be carried out in future and the development of new drugs as natural compounds and immunotherapies, including clinic trials, are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiyan Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxian Zhong
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangpei Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yajun Du
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lvshuang Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Tran TV, Shin EJ, Nguyen LTT, Lee Y, Kim DJ, Jeong JH, Jang CG, Nah SY, Toriumi K, Nabeshima T, Yamada K, Kim HC. Protein Kinase Cδ Gene Depletion Protects Against Methamphetamine-Induced Impairments in Recognition Memory and ERK1/2 Signaling via Upregulation of Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Gene. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4136-4159. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Shin EJ, Tran HQ, Nguyen PT, Jeong JH, Nah SY, Jang CG, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Role of Mitochondria in Methamphetamine-Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity: Involvement in Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Pro-apoptosis-A Review. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:66-78. [PMID: 28589520 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), an amphetamine-type psychostimulant, is associated with dopaminergic toxicity and has a high abuse potential. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested that impaired mitochondria are critical in dopaminergic toxicity induced by MA. Mitochondria are important energy-producing organelles with dynamic nature. Evidence indicated that exposure to MA can disturb mitochondrial energetic metabolism by inhibiting the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. Alterations in mitochondrial dynamic processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and fusion/fission, have recently been shown to contribute to dopaminergic toxicity induced by MA. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that MA-induced mitochondrial impairment enhances susceptibility to oxidative stress, pro-apoptosis, and neuroinflammation in a positive feedback loop. Protein kinase Cδ has emerged as a potential mediator between mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress, pro-apoptosis, or neuroinflammation in MA neurotoxicity. Understanding the role and underlying mechanism of mitochondrial impairment could provide a molecular target to prevent or alleviate dopaminergic toxicity induced by MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Quyen Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong-Tram Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Lawana V, Singh N, Sarkar S, Charli A, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG, Kanthasamy A. Involvement of c-Abl Kinase in Microglial Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Impairment in Autolysosomal System. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:624-660. [PMID: 28466394 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that excessive microglial activation and pesticide exposure may be linked to the etiology of PD; however, the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Emerging evidence indicates that intracellular inflammasome complex namely NLRP3 complex is involved in the recognition and execution of host inflammatory response. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is linked to rotenone (ROT)-induced microglial activation which is dependent upon a priming stimulus by a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) or damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP), respectively. Herein using both BV2 cells and primary microglial cells, we show that LPS priming and subsequent ROT stimulation enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, c-Abl and PKCδ activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, NF-κB activation, and autophagic markers, while TFEB levels were decreased dramatically. Mechanistic studies revealed c-Abl acts as a proximal signal that exacerbated the activation of the afore mentioned markers. Intriguingly, siRNA-mediated depletion or pharmacological inhibition of c-Abl via dasatinib abrogated LPS and ROT-induced microglial activation response via attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and ALS dysfunction. Moreover, mitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial antioxidant, attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation effects via blockade of c-Abl and PKCδ activation. In LPS treated mice, dasatinib attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, c-Abl and PKCδ activation; and sickness behavior. Together our findings identify an exaggerated ROS/c-Abl/NLRP3 signaling axis in the heightened microglial activation response evidenced in LPS-primed ROT-stimulated microglial cells and suggest that targeting c-Abl-regulated NLRP3 inflammasome signaling offers a novel therapeutic strategy for PD treatment. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Lawana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Neeraj Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Souvarish Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Adhithiya Charli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,Parkinson Disorders Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2016 Veterinary Medicine Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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44
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Current understanding of methamphetamine-associated dopaminergic neurodegeneration and psychotoxic behaviors. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:403-428. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Roohbakhsh A, Shirani K, Karimi G. Methamphetamine-induced toxicity: The role of autophagy? Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:163-167. [PMID: 27746146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly potent and addictive drug with major medical, psychiatric, cognitive, socioeconomic, and legal consequences. It is well absorbed following different routes of administration and distributed throughout the body. METH is known as psychomotor stimulant with potent physiological outcomes on peripheral and central nervous systems, resulting in physical and psychological disorders. Autophagy is a highly conserved and regulated catabolic pathway which is critical for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and regulating cell growth. The mechanism of autophagy has attracted considerable attention in the last few years because of its recognition as a vital arbiter of death/survival decisions in cells and as a critical defense mechanism in undesirable physiological conditions. The purpose of the current article was to review available evidence to find a relationship between METH toxicity and mechanisms associated with autophagy in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurocognitive Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kobra Shirani
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurocognitive Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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46
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Role of Autophagy in HIV Pathogenesis and Drug Abuse. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5855-5867. [PMID: 27660273 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly regulated process in which excessive cytoplasmic materials are captured and degraded during deprivation conditions. The unique nature of autophagy that clears invasive microorganisms has made it an important cellular defense mechanism in a variety of clinical situations. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that autophagy is extensively involved in the pathology of HIV-1. To ensure survival of the virus, HIV-1 viral proteins modulate and utilize the autophagy pathway so that biosynthesis of the virus is maximized. At the same time, the abuse of illicit drugs such as methamphetamine, cocaine, morphine, and alcohol is thought to be a significant risk factor for the acquirement and progression of HIV-1. During drug-induced toxicity, autophagic activity has been proved to be altered in various cell types. Here, we review the current literature on the interaction between autophagy, HIV-1, and drug abuse and discuss the complex role of autophagy during HIV-1 pathogenesis in co-exposure to illicit drugs.
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47
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Periyasamy P, Guo ML, Buch S. Cocaine induces astrocytosis through ER stress-mediated activation of autophagy. Autophagy 2016; 12:1310-29. [PMID: 27337297 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1183844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is known to induce inflammation, thereby contributing in part, to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. A recent study from our lab has revealed a link between macroautophagy/autophagy and microglial activation. The current study was aimed at investigating whether cocaine could also mediate activation of astrocytes and, whether this process involved induction of autophagy. Our findings demonstrated that cocaine mediated the activation of astrocytes by altering the levels of autophagy markers, such as BECN1, ATG5, MAP1LC3B-II, and SQSTM1 in both human A172 astrocytoma cells and primary human astrocytes. Furthermore, cocaine treatment resulted in increased formation of endogenous MAP1LC3B puncta in human astrocytes. Additionally, astrocytes transfected with the GFP-MAP1LC3B plasmid also demonstrated cocaine-mediated upregulation of the green fluorescent MAP1LC3B puncta. Cocaine-mediated induction of autophagy involved upstream activation of ER stress proteins such as EIF2AK3, ERN1, ATF6 since blockage of autophagy using either pharmacological or gene-silencing approaches, had no effect on cocaine-mediated induction of ER stress. Using both pharmacological and gene-silencing approaches to block either ER stress or autophagy, our findings demonstrated that cocaine-induced activation of astrocytes (measured by increased levels of GFAP) involved sequential activation of ER stress and autophagy. Cocaine-mediated-increased upregulation of GFAP correlated with increased expression of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF, IL1B, and IL6. In conclusion, these findings reveal an association between ER stress-mediated autophagy and astrogliosis in cocaine-treated astrocytes. Intervention of ER stress and/or autophagy signaling would thus be promising therapeutic targets for abrogating cocaine-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palsamy Periyasamy
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Ming-Lei Guo
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
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48
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Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Blomgren K, Kroemer G. Autophagy in acute brain injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:467-84. [PMID: 27256553 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism that ensures the lysosomal degradation of old, supernumerary or ectopic cytoplasmic entities. Most eukaryotic cells, including neurons, rely on proficient autophagic responses for the maintenance of homeostasis in response to stress. Accordingly, autophagy mediates neuroprotective effects following some forms of acute brain damage, including methamphetamine intoxication, spinal cord injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage. In some other circumstances, however, the autophagic machinery precipitates a peculiar form of cell death (known as autosis) that contributes to the aetiology of other types of acute brain damage, such as neonatal asphyxia. Here, we dissect the context-specific impact of autophagy on non-infectious acute brain injury, emphasizing the possible therapeutic application of pharmacological activators and inhibitors of this catabolic process for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Q2:07, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Q2:07, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
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Chen R, Wang B, Chen L, Cai D, Li B, Chen C, Huang E, Liu C, Lin Z, Xie WB, Wang H. DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) mediates methamphetamine-induced autophagy and apoptosis through mTOR signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 295:1-11. [PMID: 26825372 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an amphetamine-like psychostimulant that is commonly abused. Previous studies have shown that METH can induce damages to the nervous system and recent studies suggest that METH can also cause adverse and potentially lethal effects on the cardiovascular system. Recently, we demonstrated that DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) regulates METH-induced neurotoxicity. However, the role of DDIT4 in METH-induced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. We hypothesized that DDIT4 may mediate METH-induced autophagy and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. To test the hypothesis, we examined DDIT4 protein expression in cardiomyocytes and in heart tissues of rats exposed to METH with Western blotting. We also determined the effects on METH-induced autophagy and apoptosis after silencing DDIT4 expression with synthetic siRNA with or without pretreatment of a mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in cardiomyocytes using Western blot analysis, fluorescence microscopy and TUNEL staining. Our results showed that METH exposure increased DDIT4 expression and decreased phosphorylation of mTOR that was accompanied with increased autophagy and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. These effects were normalized after silencing DDIT4. On the other hand, rapamycin promoted METH-induced autophagy and apoptosis in DDIT4 knockdown cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that DDIT4 mediates METH-induced autophagy and apoptosis through mTOR signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China; Department of Forensic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Dunpeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxiang Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Enping Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Wei-Bing Xie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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