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Mohebichamkhorami F, Niknam Z, Khoramjouy M, Heidarli E, Ghasemi R, Hosseinzadeh S, Mohseni SS, Hajikarim-Hamedani A, Heidari A, Ghane Y, Mahmoudifard M, Zali H, Faizi M. Brain Homogenate of a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease Modifies the Secretome of 3D Cultured Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: A Potential Neuroregenerative Therapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e133668. [PMID: 36896321 PMCID: PMC9990517 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-133668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to neuronal cell death and manifested by cognitive disorders and behavioral impairment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising candidates to stimulate neuroregeneration and prevent disease progression. Optimization of MSC culturing protocols is a key strategy to increase the therapeutic potential of the secretome. Objectives Here, we investigated the effect of brain homogenate of a rat model of AD (BH-AD) on the enhancement of protein secretion in the secretome of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) when cultured in a 3D environment. Moreover, the effect of this modified secretome was examined on neural cells to study the impact of the conditioned medium (CM) on stimulation of regeneration or immunomodulation in AD. Methods PDLSCs were isolated and characterized. Then, the spheroids of PDLSCs were generated in a modified 3D culture plate. PDLSCs-derived CM was prepared in the presence of BH-AD (PDLSCs-HCM) and the absence of it (PDLSCs-CM). The viability of C6 glioma cells was assessed after exposure to different concentrations of both CMs. Then, a proteomic analysis was performed on the CMs. Results Differentiation into adipocytes and high expression of MSCs markers verified the precise isolation of PDLSCs. The PDLSC spheroids were formed after 7 days of 3D culturing, and their viability was confirmed. The effect of CMs on C6 glioma cell viability showed that both CMs at low concentrations (> 20 mg/mL) had no cytotoxic effect on C6 neural cells. The results showed that PDLSCs-HCM contains higher concentrations of proteins compared to PDLSCs-CM, including Src-homology 2 domain (SH2)-containing PTPs (SHP-1) and muscle glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) proteins. SHP-1 has a role in nerve regeneration, and PYGM is involved in glycogen metabolism. Conclusions The modified secretome derived from 3D cultured spheroids of PDLSCs treated by BH-AD as a reservoir of regenerating neural factors can serve as a potential source for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohebichamkhorami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Khoramjouy
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Heidarli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sarvenaz Mohseni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yekta Ghane
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Mahmoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sîrbulescu RF, Ilieş I, Amelung L, Zupanc GKH. Proteomic characterization of spontaneously regrowing spinal cord following injury in the teleost fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, a regeneration-competent vertebrate. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:671-706. [PMID: 36445471 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, spontaneous repair after spinal cord injury (SCI) is severely limited. By contrast, teleost fish successfully regenerate injured axons and produce new neurons from adult neural stem cells after SCI. The molecular mechanisms underlying this high regenerative capacity are largely unknown. The present study addresses this gap by examining the temporal dynamics of proteome changes in response to SCI in the brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus). Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) was combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to collect data during early (1 day), mid (10 days), and late (30 days) phases of regeneration following caudal amputation SCI. Forty-two unique proteins with significant differences in abundance between injured and intact control samples were identified. Correlation analysis uncovered six clusters of spots with similar expression patterns over time and strong conditional dependences, typically within functional families or between isoforms. Significantly regulated proteins were associated with axon development and regeneration; proliferation and morphogenesis; neuronal differentiation and re-establishment of neural connections; promotion of neuroprotection, redox homeostasis, and membrane repair; and metabolism or energy supply. Notably, at all three time points examined, significant regulation of proteins involved in inflammatory responses was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Iulian Ilieş
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Amelung
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Overexpression of the dystrophins Dp40 and Dp40 L170P modifies neurite outgrowth and the protein expression profile of PC12 cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1410. [PMID: 35082358 PMCID: PMC8791958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dp40 is ubiquitously expressed including the central nervous system. In addition to being present in the nucleus, membrane, and cytoplasm, Dp40 is detected in neurites and postsynaptic spines in hippocampal neurons. Although Dp40 is expressed from the same promoter as Dp71, its role in the cognitive impairment present in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients is still unknown. Here, we studied the effects of overexpression of Dp40 and Dp40L170P during the neuronal differentiation of PC12 Tet-On cells. We found that Dp40 overexpression increased the percentage of PC12 cells with neurites and neurite length, while Dp40L170P overexpression decreased them compared to Dp40 overexpression. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the protein expression profile was modified in nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12-Dp40L170P cells compared to that of the control cells (PC12 Tet-On). The proteins α-internexin and S100a6, involved in cytoskeletal structure, were upregulated. The expression of vesicle-associated membrane proteins increased in differentiated PC12-Dp40 cells, in contrast to PC12-Dp40L170P cells, while neurofilament light-chain was decreased in both differentiated cells. These results suggest that Dp40 has an important role in the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells through the regulation of proteins involved in neurofilaments and exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, functions that might be affected in PC12-Dp40L170P.
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Yang Q, Liu J, Wang Z. 4.1N-Mediated Interactions and Functions in Nerve System and Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711302. [PMID: 34589518 PMCID: PMC8473747 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffolding protein 4.1N is a neuron-enriched 4.1 homologue. 4.1N contains three conserved domains, including the N-terminal 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM) domain, internal spectrin–actin–binding (SAB) domain, and C-terminal domain (CTD). Interspersed between the three domains are nonconserved domains, including U1, U2, and U3. The role of 4.1N was first reported in the nerve system. Then, extensive studies reported the role of 4.1N in cancers and other diseases. 4.1N performs numerous vital functions in signaling transduction by interacting, locating, supporting, and coordinating different partners and is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, recent studies on the interactions between 4.1N and its contactors (including the α7AChr, IP3R1, GluR1/4, GluK1/2/3, mGluR8, KCC2, D2/3Rs, CASK, NuMA, PIKE, IP6K2, CAM 1/3, βII spectrin, flotillin-1, pp1, and 14-3-3) and the 4.1N-related biological functions in the nerve system and cancers are specifically and comprehensively discussed. This review provides critical detailed mechanistic insights into the role of 4.1N in disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Medical Laboratory, Shao Yang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Van Houcke J, Mariën V, Zandecki C, Seuntjens E, Ayana R, Arckens L. Modeling Neuroregeneration and Neurorepair in an Aging Context: The Power of a Teleost Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:619197. [PMID: 33816468 PMCID: PMC8012675 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.619197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging increases the risk for neurodegenerative disease and brain trauma, both leading to irreversible and multifaceted deficits that impose a clear societal and economic burden onto the growing world population. Despite tremendous research efforts, there are still no treatments available that can fully restore brain function, which would imply neuroregeneration. In the adult mammalian brain, neuroregeneration is naturally limited, even more so in an aging context. In view of the significant influence of aging on (late-onset) neurological disease, it is a critical factor in future research. This review discusses the use of a non-standard gerontology model, the teleost brain, for studying the impact of aging on neurorepair. Teleost fish share a vertebrate physiology with mammals, including mammalian-like aging, but in contrast to mammals have a high capacity for regeneration. Moreover, access to large mutagenesis screens empowers these teleost species to fill the gap between established invertebrate and rodent models. As such, we here highlight opportunities to decode the factor age in relation to neurorepair, and we propose the use of teleost fish, and in particular killifish, to fuel new research in the neuro-gerontology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Van Houcke
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Mariën
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Zandecki
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajagopal Ayana
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Zupanc GK. Stem‐Cell‐Driven Growth and Regrowth of the Adult Spinal Cord in Teleost Fish. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:406-423. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Günther K.H. Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
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7
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Magnadóttir B, Bragason BT, Bricknell IR, Bowden T, Nicholas AP, Hristova M, Guðmundsdóttir S, Dodds AW, Lange S. Peptidylarginine deiminase and deiminated proteins are detected throughout early halibut ontogeny - Complement components C3 and C4 are post-translationally deiminated in halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:1-19. [PMID: 30395876 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational protein deimination is mediated by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), which are calcium dependent enzymes conserved throughout phylogeny with physiological and pathophysiological roles. Protein deimination occurs via the conversion of protein arginine into citrulline, leading to structural and functional changes in target proteins. In a continuous series of early halibut development from 37 to 1050° d, PAD, total deiminated proteins and deiminated histone H3 showed variation in temporal and spatial detection in various organs including yolksac, muscle, skin, liver, brain, eye, spinal cord, chondrocytes, heart, intestines, kidney and pancreas throughout early ontogeny. For the first time in any species, deimination of complement components C3 and C4 is shown in halibut serum, indicating a novel mechanism of complement regulation in immune responses and homeostasis. Proteomic analysis of deiminated target proteins in halibut serum further identified complement components C5, C7, C8 C9 and C1 inhibitor, as well as various other immunogenic, metabolic, cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins. Post-translational deimination may facilitate protein moonlighting, an evolutionary conserved phenomenon, allowing one polypeptide chain to carry out various functions to meet functional requirements for diverse roles in immune defences and tissue remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bergljót Magnadóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Birkir Thor Bragason
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Ian R Bricknell
- Aquaculture Research Institute School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Timothy Bowden
- Aquaculture Research Institute School of Food & Agriculture, University of Maine, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Anthony P Nicholas
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
| | - Sigríður Guðmundsdóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Alister W Dodds
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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8
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Lefevre S, Stecyk JAW, Torp MK, Løvold LY, Sørensen C, Johansen IB, Stensløkken KO, Couturier CS, Sloman KA, Nilsson GE. Re-oxygenation after anoxia induces brain cell death and memory loss in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:3883-3895. [PMID: 29093186 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.165118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) survive without oxygen for several months, but it is unknown whether they are able to protect themselves from cell death normally caused by the absence, and particularly return, of oxygen. Here, we quantified cell death in brain tissue from crucian carp exposed to anoxia and re-oxygenation using the terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and cell proliferation by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as PCNA mRNA expression. We also measured mRNA and protein expression of the apoptosis executer protease caspase 3, in laboratory fish exposed to anoxia and re-oxygenation and fish exposed to seasonal anoxia and re-oxygenation in their natural habitat over the year. Finally, a behavioural experiment was used to assess the ability to learn and remember how to navigate in a maze to find food, before and after exposure to anoxia and re-oxygenation. The number of TUNEL-positive cells in the telencephalon increased after 1 day of re-oxygenation following 7 days of anoxia, indicating increased cell death. However, there were no consistent changes in whole-brain expression of caspase 3 in either laboratory-exposed or naturally exposed fish, indicating that cell death might occur via caspase-independent pathways or necrosis. Re-oxygenated crucian carp appeared to have lost the memory of how to navigate in a maze (learnt prior to anoxia exposure), while the ability to learn remained intact. PCNA mRNA was elevated after re-oxygenation, indicating increased neurogenesis. We conclude that anoxia tolerance involves not only protection from damage but also repair after re-oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjannie Lefevre
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan A W Stecyk
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - May-Kristin Torp
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Y Løvold
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Sørensen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida B Johansen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine S Couturier
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katherine A Sloman
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Göran E Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
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Lim FT, Ogawa S, Smith AI, Parhar IS. Proteomics Identification of Potential Candidates Involved in Cell Proliferation for Early Stage of Brain Regeneration in the Adult Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2017; 14:10-22. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tieng Lim
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - A. Ian Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ishwar S. Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Lim FT, Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Association between apoptotic neural tissue and cell proliferation in the adult teleost brain. Brain Res 2016; 1650:60-72. [PMID: 27568467 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Injury to neuronal tissues in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals results in neural degeneration and sometime leads to loss of function, whereas fish retain a remarkable potential for neuro-regeneration throughout life. Thus, understanding the mechanism of neuro-regeneration in fish CNS would be useful to improve the poor neuro-regenerative capability in mammals. In the present study, we characterized a neuro-regenerative process in the brain of a cichlid, tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Morphological observations showed that the damaged brain region (habenula) successfully regrew and reinnervated axonal projections by 60 days post-damage. A fluorescent carbocyanine tracer, DiI tracing revealed a recovery of the major neuronal projection from the regenerated habenula to the interpenduncular nucleus by 60 days post-damage. TUNEL assay showed a significant increase of apoptotic cells (~234%, P<0.01) at one day post-damage, while the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive proliferative cells were significantly increased (~92%, P<0.05) at 7 days post-damage compared with sham-control fish. To demonstrate a potential role of apoptotic activity in the neuro-regeneration, effects of degenerative neural tissue on cell proliferation were examined in vivo. Implantation of detached neural but not non-neural tissues into the cranial cavity significantly (P<0.01) increased the number of BrdU-positive cells nearby the implantation regions at 3 days after the implantation. Furthermore, local injection of the protein extract and cerebrospinal fluid collected from injured fish brain significantly induced cell proliferation in the brain. These results suggest that factor(s) derived from apoptotic neural cells may play a critical role in the neuro-regeneration in teleost brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tieng Lim
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zupanc GKH, Stocum DL. Regeneration science needs to broaden its focus to understand why some organisms can regenerate and others not. Regen Med 2015; 10:801-3. [PMID: 26506126 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Günther K H Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David L Stocum
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, IN 46202, USA
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12
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Salisbury JP, Sîrbulescu RF, Moran BM, Auclair JR, Zupanc GKH, Agar JN. The central nervous system transcriptome of the weakly electric brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus): de novo assembly, annotation, and proteomics validation. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:166. [PMID: 25879418 PMCID: PMC4424500 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus) is a weakly electric teleost fish of particular interest as a versatile model system for a variety of research areas in neuroscience and biology. The comprehensive information available on the neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of this organism has enabled significant advances in such areas as the study of the neural basis of behavior, the development of adult-born neurons in the central nervous system and their involvement in the regeneration of nervous tissue, as well as brain aging and senescence. Despite substantial scientific interest in this species, no genomic resources are currently available. Results Here, we report the de novo assembly and annotation of the A. leptorhynchus transcriptome. After evaluating several trimming and transcript reconstruction strategies, de novo assembly using Trinity uncovered 42,459 unique contigs containing at least a partial protein-coding sequence based on alignment to a reference set of known Actinopterygii sequences. As many as 11,847 of these contigs contained full or near-full length protein sequences, providing broad coverage of the proteome. A variety of non-coding RNA sequences were also identified and annotated, including conserved long intergenic non-coding RNA and other long non-coding RNA observed previously to be expressed in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain, as well as a variety of miRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA. Shotgun proteomics confirmed translation of open reading frames from over 2,000 transcripts, including alternative splice variants. Assignment of tandem mass spectra was greatly improved by use of the assembly compared to databases of sequences from closely related organisms. The assembly and raw reads have been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number GBKR00000000. Tandem mass spectrometry data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001285. Conclusions Presented here is the first release of an annotated de novo transcriptome assembly from Apteronotus leptorhynchus, providing a broad overview of RNA expressed in central nervous system tissue. The assembly, which includes substantial coverage of a wide variety of both protein coding and non-coding transcripts, will allow the development of better tools to understand the mechanisms underlying unique characteristics of the knifefish model system, such as their tremendous regenerative capacity and negligible brain senescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1354-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Salisbury
- Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 412 TF, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 134 Mugar Life Sciences, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Moran
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 134 Mugar Life Sciences, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jared R Auclair
- Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 412 TF, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 134 Mugar Life Sciences, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Barnett Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 412 TF, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 412 TF, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Zupanc GKH, Sîrbulescu RF. Cell replacement therapy: lessons from teleost fish. Exp Neurol 2014; 263:272-6. [PMID: 25448008 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Many disorders of the CNS are characterized by a massive loss of neurons. A promising therapeutic strategy to cure such conditions is based on the activation of endogenous stem cells. Implementation of this strategy will benefit from a better understanding of stem cell dynamics and the local CNS microenvironment in regeneration-competent vertebrate model systems. Using a spinal cord injury paradigm in zebrafish larvae, Briona and Dorsky (2014) have provided evidence for the existence of two distinct neural stem cell populations. One population has the characteristics of radial glia and expresses the homeobox transcription factor Dbx. The other lacks Dbx but expresses Olig2. These results are placed in the context of other studies that also support the notion of heterogeneity of adult stem cells in the CNS. The implication that differences among stem cell populations, in combination with specific factors from the local cellular microenvironment, might have a decisive impact on the fate choices of the new cells, is discussed. Reviewed evidence suggests that rather few modifications in the signaling pathways involved in the control of stem cell behavior have led, in the course of evolution, to the pronounced differences between mammals and regeneration-competent organisms. As a consequence, rather minor pharmacological manipulations may be sufficient to reactivate the hidden neurogenic potential of the mammalian CNS, and thus make it available for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther K H Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sîrbulescu RF, Ilieş I, Vitalo AG, Trull K, Zhu J, Traniello IM, Zupanc GK. Adult stem cells in the knifefish cerebellum. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:39-65. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra F. Sîrbulescu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Iulian Ilieş
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Antonia G. Vitalo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Krystal Trull
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jenny Zhu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ian M. Traniello
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115
| | - Günther K.H. Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology; Northeastern University; Boston Massachusetts 02115
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Zupanc GKH, Ilies I, Sîrbulescu RF, Zupanc MM. Large-scale identification of proteins involved in the development of a sexually dimorphic behavior. J Neurophysiol 2014; 111:1646-54. [PMID: 24478160 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00750.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually dimorphic behaviors develop under the influence of sex steroids, which induce reversible changes in the underlying neural network of the brain. However, little is known about the proteins that mediate these activational effects of sex steroids. Here, we used a proteomics approach for large-scale identification of proteins involved in the development of a sexually dimorphic behavior, the electric organ discharge of brown ghost knifefish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus. In this weakly electric fish, the discharge frequency is controlled by the medullary pacemaker nucleus and is higher in males than in females. After lowering the discharge frequency by chronic administration of β-estradiol, 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis revealed 62 proteins spots in tissue samples from the pacemaker nucleus that exhibited significant changes in abundance of >1.5-fold. The 20 identified protein spots indicated, among others, a potential involvement of astrocytes in the establishment of the behavioral dimorphism. Indeed, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated higher expression of the astrocytic marker protein GFAP and increased gap-junction coupling between astrocytes in females compared with males. We hypothesize that changes in the size of the glial syncytium, glial coupling, and/or number of glia-specific potassium channels lead to alterations in the firing frequency of the pacemaker nucleus via a mechanism mediating the uptake of extracellular potassium ions from the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther K H Zupanc
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Teleost fish as a model system to study successful regeneration of the central nervous system. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 367:193-233. [PMID: 23239273 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are devastating conditions that may result in death or long-term disability. A promising strategy for the development of effective cell replacement therapies involves the study of regeneration-competent organisms. Among this group, teleost fish are distinguished by their excellent potential to regenerate nervous tissue and to regain function after injury to the central nervous system. In this chapter, we summarize our current understanding of the cellular processes that mediate this regenerative potential, and we show that several of these processes are shared with the normal development of the intact central nervous system; we describe how the spontaneous self-repair of the teleostean central nervous system leads to functional recovery, at physiological and behavioral levels; we discuss the possible function of molecular factors associated with the degenerative and regenerative processes after injury; and, finally, we speculate on evolutionary aspects of adult neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration, and on how a better understanding of these aspects could catalyze the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome the regenerative limits of the mammalian CNS.
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