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Rehman S, Nadeem A, Akram U, Sarwar A, Quraishi A, Siddiqui H, Malik MAJ, Nabi M, Ul Haq I, Cho A, Mazumdar I, Kim M, Chen K, Sepehri S, Wang R, Balar AB, Lakhani DA, Yedavalli VS. Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemic Stroke: A Review Integrating Clinical Imaging and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomedicines 2024; 12:812. [PMID: 38672167 PMCID: PMC11048412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating ongoing exploration of its pathophysiology and treatment strategies. This comprehensive review integrates various aspects of ischemic stroke research, emphasizing crucial mechanisms, therapeutic approaches, and the role of clinical imaging in disease management. It discusses the multifaceted role of Netrin-1, highlighting its potential in promoting neurovascular repair and mitigating post-stroke neurological decline. It also examines the impact of blood-brain barrier permeability on stroke outcomes and explores alternative therapeutic targets such as statins and sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling. Neurocardiology investigations underscore the contribution of cardiac factors to post-stroke mortality, emphasizing the importance of understanding the brain-heart axis for targeted interventions. Additionally, the review advocates for early reperfusion and neuroprotective agents to counter-time-dependent excitotoxicity and inflammation, aiming to preserve tissue viability. Advanced imaging techniques, including DWI, PI, and MR angiography, are discussed for their role in evaluating ischemic penumbra evolution and guiding therapeutic decisions. By integrating molecular insights with imaging modalities, this interdisciplinary approach enhances our understanding of ischemic stroke and offers promising avenues for future research and clinical interventions to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Rehman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Arsalan Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore 54700, Pakistan;
| | - Umar Akram
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore 54700, Pakistan;
| | - Abeer Sarwar
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Ammara Quraishi
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Hina Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.S.); (H.S.)
| | | | - Mehreen Nabi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Medicine, Amna Inayat Medical College, Sheikhupura 54300, Pakistan;
| | - Andrew Cho
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Ishan Mazumdar
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Kevin Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Sadra Sepehri
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Richard Wang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Aneri B. Balar
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Dhairya A. Lakhani
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
| | - Vivek S. Yedavalli
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.N.); (A.C.); (I.M.); (M.K.); (K.C.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (A.B.B.); (D.A.L.); (V.S.Y.)
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Lu X, Xu G, Lin Z, Zou F, Liu S, Zhang Y, Fu W, Jiang J, Ma X, Song J. Engineered exosomes enriched in netrin-1 modRNA promote axonal growth in spinal cord injury by attenuating inflammation and pyroptosis. Biomater Res 2023; 27:3. [PMID: 36647161 PMCID: PMC9843879 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) brings a heavy burden to individuals and society, and there is no effective treatment at present. Exosomes (EX) are cell secreted vesicles containing molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins, which hold promise for the treatment of SCI. Netrin-1 is an axon guidance factor that regulates neuronal growth. We investigated the effects of engineered EX enriched in netrin-1 chemically synthetic modified message RNA (modRNA) in treating SCI in an attempt to find a novel therapeutic approach for SCI. METHODS Netrin-1 modRNA was transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to obtain EX enriched with netrin-1 (EX-netrin1). We built an inflammatory model in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro to study the therapeutic effect of EX-netrin1 on SCI. For experiments in vitro, ELISA, CCK-8 assay, immunofluorescence staining, lactate dehydrogenase release experiments test, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were conducted. At the same time, we constructed a rat model of SCI. MRI, hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining were used to assess the extent of SCI in rats. RESULTS In vitro experiments showed that EX had no effect on the viability of oligodendrocytes and PC12 cells. EX-netrin1 could attenuate LPS-induced inflammation and pyroptosis and accelerate axonal/dentritic growth in PC12 cells/oligodendrocytes. In addition, netrin-1 could activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway upon binding to its receptor unc5b. When Unc5b and PI3K were inhibited, the effect of EX-netrin1 was weakened, which could be reversed by PI3K or mTOR activator. Our in vivo experiments indicated that EX-netrin1 could promote recovery in rats with SCI. CONCLUSION We found that EX-netrin1 regulated inflammation, pyroptosis and axon growth in SCI via the Unc5b/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhidi Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jianyuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Luo Y, Liao S, Yu J. Netrin-1 in Post-stroke Neuroprotection: Beyond Axon Guidance Cue. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1879-1887. [PMID: 35236266 PMCID: PMC9886807 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302150723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke, especially ischemic stroke, is a leading disease associated with death and long-term disability with limited therapeutic options. Neuronal death caused by vascular impairment, programmed cell death and neuroinflammation has been proven to be associated with increased stroke severity and poor stroke recovery. In light of this, a development of neuroprotective drugs targeting injured neurons is urgently needed for stroke treatment. Netrin-1, known as a bifunctional molecule, was originally described to mediate the repulsion or attraction of axonal growth by interacting with its different receptors. Importantly, accumulating evidence has shown that netrin-1 can manifest its beneficial functions to brain tissue repair and neural regeneration in different neurological disease models. OBJECTIVE In this review, we focus on the implications of netrin-1 and its possibly involved pathways on neuroprotection after ischemic stroke, through which a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of netrin-1 may pave the way to novel treatments. METHODS Peer-reviewed literature was recruited by searching databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science till the year 2021. CONCLUSION There has been certain evidence to support the neuroprotective function of netrin-1 by regulating angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis and neuroinflammation after stroke. Netrin-1 may be a promising drug candidate in reducing stroke severity and improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Songjie Liao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, 510080 China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. Tel: +862087755766-8291; E-mails: ;
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, 510080 China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. Tel: +862087755766-8291; E-mails: ;
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Chen Z, Cao T, Zhong X, Wu Y, Fu W, Fan C, Jiang Y, Zhou Q, Peng J, Liao J, You Z, Yi X, Tan J. Association between serum netrin-1 levels and early neurological deterioration after acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:953557. [PMID: 36090888 PMCID: PMC9449874 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.953557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purposes Experimental studies demonstrated that netrin-1 (NT-1) has anti-inflammatory, tissue regeneration, and immune modulation properties. We aimed to discern the utility of NT-1 as a biomarker for assessing the risk of early neurological deterioration (END) after ischemic stroke. Methods This was a prospective study enrolling ischemic stroke patients with symptoms onset <24 h. Serum NT-1 concentrations were measured at admission. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale increased by ≥2 points and ≥4 points during the first 72 h after admission and was defined as END2 and END4, respectively. Results The study included 268 patients (146 men and 122 women) with a mean age of 63.0 ± 9.6 years. The median NT-1 concentrations were 466.4 pg/ml (interquartile range, 341.4–589.2 pg/ml). During the initial 72 h after admission, END2 was found in 83 (31.0%) patients, and END4 was observed in 48 (17.9%) subjects. After adjusted for potential confounders, multivariate analysis indicated that decreased NT-1 levels is an independent predictor for END2 [odds ratio (OR) 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.84, p < 0.001) and END4 (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36–0.76, p < 0.001). Similar results were found when the NT-1 levels were analyzed as a categorical variable. Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a linear association between NT-1 concentrations and the risk of END (END2, p = 0.006 for linearity; END4, p < 0.001 for linearity). Conclusions Our results suggest that decreased NT-1 levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of END after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Tianli Cao
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Xingju Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Chaoli Fan
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Jieyu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Zhike You
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Neurology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
| | - Jingyu Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Mianzhu People's Hospital, Mianzhu, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Tan
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Ju T, Sun L, Fan Y, Wang T, Liu Y, Liu D, Liu T, Zhao C, Wang W, Chi L. Decreased Netrin-1 in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:762649. [PMID: 35250531 PMCID: PMC8888826 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.762649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Inflammatory mediators are closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Netrin-1 is an axon guidance protein and despite its capacity to function as a neuroimmune guidance signal, its role in AD or MCI is poorly understood. In addition, the association among netrin-1, cognitive impairment and serum inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis (TNF-α) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine serum levels of IL-17, TNF-α and netrin-1in a cohort of AD and MCI patients, and to study the relationship between these cytokines and cognitive status, as well as to assess the possible relationships between netrin-1 levels and inflammatory molecules. Methods Serum concentrations of netrin-1, TNF-α and IL-17 were determined in 20 AD patients, 22 MCI patients and 22 healthy controls using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, neuropsychological evaluations and psychometric assessments were performed in all subjects. Results Serum netrin-1 levels were decreased in AD and MCI patients and were positively correlated with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. In contrast, serum TNF-α and IL-17 levels were elevated in AD and MCI cohorts and negatively correlated with MMSE scores. Serum netrin-1 levels were inversely related with TNF-α and IL-17 levels in AD, but not MCI, patients. Conclusion Based on the findings reported here, netrin-1 may serve as a marker for the early recognition of dementia and predict cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ju
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwei Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Jiangyin People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Chi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Chi,
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Samanta S, Yang S, Debnath B, Xue D, Kuang Y, Ramkumar K, Lee AS, Ljungman M, Neamati N. The Hydroxyquinoline Analogue YUM70 Inhibits GRP78 to Induce ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1883-1895. [PMID: 33531374 PMCID: PMC8137563 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa) is a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. Cancer cells are highly proliferative and have high demand for protein synthesis and folding, which results in significant stress on the ER. To respond to ER stress and maintain cellular homeostasis, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) that promotes either survival or apoptotic death. Cancer cells utilize the UPR to promote survival and growth. In this study, we describe the discovery of a series of novel hydroxyquinoline GRP78 inhibitors. A representative analogue, YUM70, inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and showed in vivo efficacy in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model with no toxicity to normal tissues. YUM70 directly bound GRP78 and inactivated its function, resulting in ER stress-mediated apoptosis. A YUM70 analogue conjugated with BODIPY showed colocalization of the compound with GRP78 in the ER. Moreover, a YUM70-PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera) was synthesized to force degradation of GRP78 in pancreatic cancer cells. YUM70 showed a strong synergistic cytotoxicity with topotecan and vorinostat. Together, our study demonstrates that YUM70 is a novel inducer of ER stress, with preclinical efficacy as a monotherapy or in combination with topoisomerase and HDAC inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies a novel ER stress inducer that binds GRP78 and inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Samanta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suhui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bikash Debnath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kavya Ramkumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Guo D, Qiao Y, Li Z, Zhu Z, Peng H, Zhang Q, Zhong C, Wang A, Xu T, Chen J, Zhang Y, He J. Decreased serum netrin-1 is associated with ischemic stroke: A case-control study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2328-2334. [PMID: 32917498 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Netrin-1 was a laminin-related protein involved in neurovascular protection, and we previously discovered that decreased serum netrin-1 was associated with poor prognosis of ischemic stroke. However, the relationship between serum netrin-1 level and the risk of ischemic stroke remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between netrin-1 level and risk of ischemic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS A case-control study including 591 ischemic stroke patients and 591 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals was conducted, and serum netrin-1 concentrations were quantitatively determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for all participants. The serum netrin-1 levels were significantly lower in the ischemic stroke patients than those in matched controls (median, 496.4 vs 652.1 pg/mL; P < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio of ischemic stroke associated with the highest quartile of netrin-1 was 0.07 (95% CI: 0.01-0.65; Ptrend = 0.018) compared with the lowest quartile of netrin-1. Each 1-standard deviation increase of log-transformed netrin-1 was associated with a lower odds of ischemic stroke (odds ratio: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22-0.94; P = 0.032), and a dose-response relationship between serum netrin-1 and ischemic stroke was observed (Plinearity = 0.003). Incorporating netrin-1 to conventional risk factors improved the discriminatory power for ischemic stroke (net reclassification index = 98.0%, P < 0.001; integrated discrimination improvement = 0.28%, P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Serum netrin-1 was decreased in patients with ischemic stroke compared with healthy controls, suggesting that there was a potential role of netrin-1 in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ying Qiao
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaihan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Tada AM, Hamezah HS, Yanagisawa D, Morikawa S, Tooyama I. Neuroprotective Effects of Casein-Derived Peptide Met-Lys-Pro (MKP) in a Hypertensive Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:845. [PMID: 32922259 PMCID: PMC7457086 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that casein hydrolysate, CH-3, from bovine milk and casein-derived tripeptide Met-Lys-Pro (MKP) has ACE inhibitory activity and reduces blood pressure. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of MKP in a hypertensive rat model (7-week-old male SHRSP/Izm rats). For long term evaluation, rats were fed either a diet containing CH-3 or normal diet. The survival rate of SHRSP rats was significantly improved by intake of CH-3 for 181 days. For short term evaluation, rats were orally administered synthetic tripeptide MKP or distilled water for 4 weeks. MRI study demonstrated that hemorrhagic lesions were observed in two of five rats in the control group, while no hemorrhagic lesions were observed in the MKP group. Volumetric analysis using MRI revealed that MKP administration inhibited atrophy of diencephalic regions. Histological examinations revealed that hemorrhage areas and astrogliosis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were lower in the MKP group than in the control group. Gene expression analysis indicated that MKP administration reduced expression of genes related to cerebral circulation insufficiency such as immune responses (Cd74 and Prkcd), response to hypoxia (Ddit4, Apold1, and Prkcd), reactive oxygen species metabolic process (Ddit4 and Pdk4), and apoptotic process (Ddit4, Prkcd, and Sgk1), suggesting that MKP administration prevented cerebral ischemia associated with hypertension. In addition, some genes encoding responses to hormone stimulus (Fos, Dusp1, and Sik1) were also downregulated. Serum aldosterone and corticosterone levels were also significantly decreased following MKP administration. The present study indicates that MKP shows neuroprotective effects in SHRSP rats by regulating cerebral circulation insufficiency and corticoid levels. MKP administration may therefore be a potential therapeutic strategy for hypertensive brain diseases such as cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Matsuzaki Tada
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Functional Food Ingredients Group, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | | | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Morikawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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9
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Kokulu K, Mutlu H, Sert ET. Serum netrin-1 levels at presentation and delayed neurological sequelae in unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2020; 58:1313-1319. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1743302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kokulu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Mutlu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Taha Sert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
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10
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Guo D, Zhu Z, Zhong C, Peng H, Wang A, Xu T, Peng Y, Xu T, Chen CS, Li Q, Ju Z, Geng D, Chen J, Zhang Y, He J. Increased Serum Netrin-1 Is Associated With Improved Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020; 50:845-852. [PMID: 30852966 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.024631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Previous experimental studies suggested that serum netrin-1 was associated with the progression of ischemic stroke. Knowledge about netrin-1 among ischemic stroke patients may provide new ideas for the prognostic assessment of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum netrin-1 and prognosis of ischemic stroke. Methods- Serum netrin-1 levels at baseline were measured for 3346 ischemic stroke patients from the CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke), and all patients were followed up at 3 months after stroke onset. The primary outcome was a combination of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3) within 3 months after stroke onset. Results- Up to 3 months after stroke onset, 845 patients (25.25%) experienced death or major disability. After adjustment for baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and other potential confounders, elevated serum netrin-1 was associated with a decreased risk of primary outcome (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47-0.88; Ptrend=0.002) when 2 extreme quartiles were compared. Each SD increase of log-transformed netrin-1 was associated with 17% (95% CI, 7%-26%) decreased risk of primary outcome. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression models showed a negative linear dose-response relationship between serum netrin-1 and the risk of primary outcome ( Plinearity=0.003). Adding netrin-1 quartile to a model containing conventional risk factors improved risk prediction for primary outcome (net reclassification improvement index =14.74%; P=0.002; integrated discrimination improvement =0.40%; P=0.005). Conclusions- Elevated serum netrin-1 levels were associated with improved prognosis at 3 months after ischemic stroke, suggesting that serum netrin-1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for ischemic stroke. Further studies from other samples of ischemic stroke patients are needed to replicate our findings and to clarify the potential mechanisms. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01840072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxia Guo
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (D.G., Z.Z., C.Z., H.P., A.W., Y.Z., Tan Xu, Y.Z.)
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (D.G., Z.Z., C.Z., H.P., A.W., Y.Z., Tan Xu, Y.Z.).,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Z.Z., C.Z., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.)
| | - Chongke Zhong
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (D.G., Z.Z., C.Z., H.P., A.W., Y.Z., Tan Xu, Y.Z.).,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Z.Z., C.Z., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.)
| | - Hao Peng
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (D.G., Z.Z., C.Z., H.P., A.W., Y.Z., Tan Xu, Y.Z.)
| | - Aili Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (D.G., Z.Z., C.Z., H.P., A.W., Y.Z., Tan Xu, Y.Z.)
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu)
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, China (Y.P.)
| | - Tan Xu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (D.G., Z.Z., C.Z., H.P., A.W., Y.Z., Tan Xu, Y.Z.)
| | - Chung-Shiuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Z.Z., C.Z., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.)
| | - Qunwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Taishan Medical College, Shandong, China (Q.L.)
| | - Zhong Ju
- Department of Neurology, Kerqin District First People's Hospital of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, China (Z.J.)
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China (D.J.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Z.Z., C.Z., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.)
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (D.G., Z.Z., C.Z., H.P., A.W., Y.Z., Tan Xu, Y.Z.).,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Z.Z., C.Z., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.)
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Z.Z., C.Z., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.)
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11
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Ko CL, Lin JA, Chen KY, Hsu AC, Wu SY, Tai YT, Lin KH, Chung WC, Li MH. Netrin-1 Dampens Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Lung Injury in Mice. High Alt Med Biol 2019; 20:293-302. [PMID: 31329475 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2018.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore the effects of netrin-1 on hypobaric hypoxia-induced lung injury in mice. Methods: We exposed 6-8-week-old C57BL/6 mice to hypobaric stress at 340 mmHg for 30 minutes followed by 260 mmHg for different periods (6, 12, 18, and 24 hours) to observe the severity of lung injury (O2 concentration, 21%; 54.6 mmHg). The wet/dry weight ratio and protein leakage from the mouse lung were used to determine the suitable exposure time. Netrin-1 was injected into the tail vein of mice before 18-hour decompression. Inflammatory cytokines, lung injury scores, and activity of nuclear factor κB were evaluated. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was also examined. Results: Protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly higher in the 18-hour group (p < 0.05). Pulmonary pathology revealed neutrophil infiltration, alveolar septum thickening, and tissue edema. Injury score and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 levels were also increased. Intrinsic apoptosis pathway was activated. Hypoxia decreased the expression of Bcl2 protein, the number of active caspase-3-stained cells, and UNC5HB receptors. Pretreatment with netrin-1 reduced protein leakage, inhibited neutrophil migration, lowered the injury score, attenuated apoptosis, and increased UNC5HB receptor expression. Conclusion: Netrin-1 dampens hypobaric hypoxia-induced lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil migration and attenuating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-An Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Yen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Chih Hsu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Huan Lin
- Division of Psychiatry, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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12
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Sun L, Ju T, Wang T, Zhang L, Ding F, Zhang Y, An R, Sun Y, Li Y, Lu Y, Zhang X, Chi L. Decreased Netrin-1 and Correlated Th17/Tregs Balance Disorder in Aβ 1-42 Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:124. [PMID: 31191297 PMCID: PMC6548067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence indicating that inflammation represents a key pathological component of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A possible factor that may contribute to this process is netrin-1, a neuronal guidance molecule. This molecule has been shown to exert an unexpected immunomodulatory function. However, the potential changes and correlations of netrin-1 with T helper 17/regulatory T cells (Th17/Tregs) as related to inflammation in AD has yet to be examined. In this study, netrin-1 and Th17/Tregs balance were investigated, and the relationship among netrin-1, Th17/Tregs and cognitive function were analyzed in a rat model of AD. In this model, a bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of Amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1–42) was used to produce spatial learning and memory deficits, as well as increased neuronal apoptosis, which were detected 7 days after injection for AD7d group and 14 days for AD14d group. Netrin-1 concentrations were significantly down regulated in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of these AD rats, effects which were strongly correlated with cognitive deficits. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and deceased IL-10 were observed in both the circulation and CSF and were also correlated with the percent of time spent in the target quadrant of AD in these rats. These changes resulted in netrin-1 concentrations being negatively correlated with IL-17 but positively correlated with IL-10 concentrations in the serum and CSF. We also found that the Th17/Tregs balance was disrupted in these AD rats. Collectively, these findings reveal that the reduction in netrin-1 and the correlated disruption of Th17/Tregs balance in AD rats may diminish the immunosuppressive effect of netrin-1 on Th17/Tregs in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Ju
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feifan Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yilei Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yidan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijun Chi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13
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Zhang Q, Zhou J, Lei H, Zhu CY, Li FF, Zheng D, Liu SL. RBPJ polymorphisms associated with cerebral infarction diseases in Chinese Han population: A Clinical Trial/Experimental Study (CONSORT Compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11420. [PMID: 30075508 PMCID: PMC6081149 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIAL DESIGN Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are a group of brain pathological processes involving cerebral small arteries, brain venules, and capillaries. The recombination signal-binding protein Jκ (RBPJ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases but its actual roles need confirmation. The aim of this work was to evaluate variations in RBPJ gene for their possible associations with the disease. METHODS The RBPJ gene was sequenced for 400 patients with cerebral infarction disease and 600 normal controls. The statistical analyses and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests of the patients and control populations were conducted using the SPSS software (version 19.0) and Plink (version 1.9), Haploview software, and online software SNPSpD. RESULTS We characterized variants rs2871198, rs1397731, rs3822223, rs2077777, rs2270226, and rs2788861 within or near the RBPJ gene. The genetic heterozygosity of rs2871198, rs1397731, rs3822223, rs2077777, and rs2270226 was very high. Statistical analysis showed that the variants rs2270226 and rs2077777 in the gene were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction diseases in the Chinese Han population. CONCLUSIONS rs2270226 and rs2077777 in the RBPJ gene were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction diseases in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University
- Department of Antibiotics, Heilongjiang Institute for Food and Drug Control
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
| | - Jie Zhou
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang
| | - Hong Lei
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang
| | - Chun-Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Fei-Feng Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang
| | - Dong Zheng
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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14
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Yimer EM, Zewdie KA, Hishe HZ. Netrin as a Novel Biomarker and Its Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes-Associated Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8250521. [PMID: 30320139 PMCID: PMC6167572 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8250521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome and is one of the shared long-lasting illnesses globally. It is linked to long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications that contribute to disability, compromised quality of life, and reduction in lifespan, which eventually leads to death. This disease is not only incurring significant economic burden but also adversely affects the patients, caregivers, communities, and the society at large. The interruption of diabetes progress and its complications is a primary focus of scientific communities. In spite of various diagnostic modalities for diabetes, there is a limited marker to investigate the risk and progress of its complications. Netrin has recently received more attention as a biomarker of diabetes and a broader range of long-term complication. Therefore, the impetus of this review is to exhaustively discuss the role of Netrin as a potential biomarker and its therapeutic implication in diabetes and diverse sets of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. It also discourses the possible mechanisms of Netrin for the said pharmacological effect for a better understanding of the development and progression of diabetes and its complications in relation to this protein. It enables protective measures to be applied at the subclinical stage and the responses to preventive or therapeutic measures to be scrutinized. Besides, it might also facilitate the appraisal of novel therapeutic options for diabetes and various complications through modifying the endogenous Netrin and provide surrogate endpoints for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim M. Yimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichael Zeru Hishe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
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15
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Yu J, Li C, Ding Q, Que J, Liu K, Wang H, Liao S. Netrin-1 Ameliorates Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment Secondary to Ischemic Stroke via the Activation of PI3K Pathway. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:700. [PMID: 29311781 PMCID: PMC5732993 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) occurs in the remote thalamus after ischemic stroke. Netrin-1, an axonal guidance molecule, presents bifunctional effects on blood vessels through receptor-dependent pathways. This study investigates whether netrin-1 protects BBB against secondary injury. Netrin-1 (600 ng/d for 7 days) was intracerebroventricularly infused 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in hypertensive rats. Neurological function was assessed 8 and 14 days after MCAO, and the permeability of BBB in the ipsilateral thalamus was detected. The viability of brain microvascular endothelial cells was determined after being disposed with netrin-1 (50 ng/mL) before oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The role of netrin-1 was further explored by examining its receptors and their function. We found that netrin-1 infusion improved neurological function, attenuated secondary impairment of BBB by up-regulating the levels of tight junction proteins and diminishing extravasation of albumin, with autophagy activation 14 days after MCAO. Netrin-1 also enhanced cell survival and autophagy activity in OGD-treated cells, inhibited by UNC5H2 siRNA transfection. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of netrin-1 were suppressed by PI3K inhibitors 3-Methyladenine and LY294002. Our results showed that netrin-1 ameliorated BBB impairment secondary to ischemic stroke by promoting tight junction function and endothelial survival. PI3K-mediated autophagy activation depending on UNC5H2 receptor could be an underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Ding
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Que
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kejia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songjie Liao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Huang H, Lin F, Jiang J, Chen Y, Mei A, Zhu P. Effects of intra-arterial transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells on the expression of netrin-1 and its receptor DCC in the peri-infarct cortex after experimental stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:223. [PMID: 29017609 PMCID: PMC5633888 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation has been documented to promote functional recovery in animal models of stroke; however, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. As netrin-1 and its receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) are important regulators in neuronal and vascular activities, the present study attempted to explore whether netrin-1 and DCC are involved in the neuroprotection of stem cell-based therapies in a rat ischemic stroke model. Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and subsequently received an intra-arterial injection of 2 × 106 PKH26-labeled adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) or saline 24 h later. Neurological function was evaluated by behavioral tests before the rats were sacrificed at days 7 and 14 after MCAO. The migration of ADSCs and regeneration of neuronal fibers and blood vessels were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of netrin-1 and DCC was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Results ADSC transplantation significantly improved the neurological recovery at days 7 and 14, and noticeably promoted the regeneration of neuronal fibers and blood vessels in the peri-infarct cortex at day 14. PKH26-labeled ADSCs located mainly in the peri-infarct area at days 7 and 14. In ADSC-treated rats, the expression of netrin-1 and DCC significantly increased in the peri-infarct cortex at days 7 and 14. Immunofluorescence staining showed that netrin-1 was mainly expressed by neuronal perikaryal in the peri-infarct cortex, and DCC was mainly expressed by neuronal fibers and was present around the blood vessels in the peri-infarct cortex. Conclusions These findings suggest that ADSC transplantation facilitates the regeneration of neuronal fibers and blood vessels in the peri-infarct cortex and improves neurological functions, which may be attributed, at least in part, to the involvement of upregulated netrin-1 and DCC in the remodeling of neuronal and vascular networks in the peri-infarct cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Ainong Mei
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China. .,Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
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17
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Mulero P, Córdova C, Hernández M, Martín R, Gutiérrez B, Muñoz JC, Redondo N, Gallardo I, Téllez N, Nieto ML. Netrin-1 and multiple sclerosis: a new biomarker for neuroinflammation? Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1108-1115. [PMID: 28677863 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Netrin-1, an axon guidance protein, reduces serum levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and stabilizes the blood-brain barrier limiting the entrance of immune cells into the central nervous system. The aim was to investigate its presence in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model and in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without clinical activity. METHODS Netrin-1 levels were evaluated in EAE mouse tissues. Afterwards, serum netrin-1 was cross-sectionally quantified in 90 patients with different MS phenotypes and 30 control subjects. An additional group of 10 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients was longitudinally evaluated throughout a relapse (RRMSr) with an interval of 60 days. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), a reference inflammatory cytokine, and netrin-1 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice showed significantly lower netrin-1 levels and higher TNFα amounts in sera, spinal cord and cerebella than healthy control mice. MS patients showed significantly lower serum netrin-1 levels than controls (511.62 ± 209.30 and 748.32 ± 103.24 pg/ml, respectively; P ≤ 0.005). The lowest protein levels were found in RRMSr, remaining significantly lower throughout the relapse. TNFα serum concentrations were higher in MS patients compared to controls, and negatively correlated with netrin-1 levels (r = -0.3734, P ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Netrin-1 decreased in EAE and in MS patients, mainly during relapse, suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of netrin-1. Further research should be performed in a larger cohort of patients to validate netrin-1 as a biomarker of MS inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mulero
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - C Córdova
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC - Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Hernández
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC - Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - R Martín
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC - Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - B Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC - Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - J C Muñoz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - N Redondo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - I Gallardo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC - Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - N Téllez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M L Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC - Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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18
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Zhou L, Zhang J, Wang C, Sun Q. Tanshinone inhibits neuronal cell apoptosis and inflammatory response in cerebral infarction rat model. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:123-129. [PMID: 28402151 PMCID: PMC5806795 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017703274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of tanshinone (TSN) IIA in cerebral infarction. The cerebral infarction rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After pretreatment with TSN, cerebral infarct volume, cerebral edema, and neurological deficits score were evaluated, as well as cell apoptosis in hippocampus and cortex of the brain was examined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). In addition, rat primary neuronal cells were isolated and cultured in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. After pretreatment with TSN, cell viability and apoptosis were observed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The expressions of Bax and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Compared with untreated cerebral infarction rat, TSN treatment significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, cerebral edema, and neurological deficits score ( P < 0.05). Cell apoptosis as well as the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP in hippocampus and cortex of cerebral infarction rat were inhibited after pretreatment with TSN ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, TSN remarkably increased cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis ratio ( P < 0.05) in OGD-induced rat neuronal cells. Besides, TSN significantly downregulated the expression of Bax and upregulated Bcl-2 ( P < 0.05). TSN IIA has a preventive effect on cerebral infarction by inhibiting neuronal cell apoptosis and inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Massage, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiangsan Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Xie Z, Huang L, Enkhjargal B, Reis C, Wan W, Tang J, Cheng Y, Zhang JH. Intranasal administration of recombinant Netrin-1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis by activating DCC/APPL-1/AKT signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 119:123-133. [PMID: 28347836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is a crucial pathological process in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The effective therapeutic strategies to ameliorate neuronal apoptosis are still absent. We intended to determine whether intranasal administration of exogenous Netrin-1 (NTN-1) could attenuate neuronal apoptosis after experimental SAH, specifically via activating DCC-dependent APPL-1/AKT signaling cascade. Two hundred twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the endovascular perforation model of SAH. Recombinant human NTN-1 (rNTN-1) was administered intranasally. NTN-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), APPL-1 siRNA, and AKT inhibitor MK2206 were administered through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. SAH grade, neurological score, neuronal apoptosis assessed by cleaved caspase-3 (CC-3) expression and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining, double immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot were examined. Our results revealed that endogenous NTN-1 level was increased after SAH. Administration of rNTN-1 improved neurological outcomes at 24 h and 72 h after SAH, while knockdown of endogenous NTN-1 worsened neurological impairments. Furthermore, exogenous rNTN-1 treatment promoted APPL-1 activation, increased phosphorylated-AKT and Bcl-2 expression, as well as decreased apoptotic marker CC-3 expression and the number of FJC-positive neurons, thereby alleviated neuronal apoptosis. Conversely, APPL-1 siRNA and MK2206 abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of exogenous rNTN-1 at 24 h after SAH. Collectively, intranasal administration of exogenous rNTN-1 attenuated neuronal apoptosis and improved neurological function in SAH rats, at least in apart via activating DCC/APPL-1/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Weifeng Wan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States.
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20
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Spilman PR, Corset V, Gorostiza O, Poksay KS, Galvan V, Zhang J, Rao R, Peters-Libeu C, Vincelette J, McGeehan A, Dvorak-Ewell M, Beyer J, Campagna J, Bankiewicz K, Mehlen P, John V, Bredesen DE. Netrin-1 Interrupts Amyloid-β Amplification, Increases sAβPPα in vitro and in vivo, and Improves Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:223-42. [PMID: 27060954 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that inoculation of susceptible mice with amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides accelerates Aβ deposition in the brain, supporting the idea that Aβ may be self-amplifying; however, the exact mechanism is not understood. Here we provide evidence that Aβ may self-amplify, in part, by inhibiting α-secretase ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) cleavage of full-length Aβ precursor protein (FL AβPP) and therefore allow greater β-secretase processing, and that Aβ itself is a substrate for ADAM10. Exposure of primary neuronal cultures from PDAβPP mice to exogenous rat Aβ1- 40 resulted in increased de novo human Aβ1-42 production and exposure of cells to Aβ decreased production of ADAM10 cleavage product soluble AβPPα (sAβPPα). In a cell-free assay, Aβ decreased ADAM10 cleavage of the chimeric substrate MBP-AβPPC125 and Aβ itself was apparently cleaved by the enzyme. The axonal guidance and trophic factor netrin-1, however, reduced the Aβ1- 40-induced Aβ1-42 increase, increased sAβPPα, and reversed the Aβ-induced sAβPPα decrease in vitro. In vivo, induction of netrin-1 expression in PDAβPPSwe/Ind transgenic mice resulted in reductions in both Aβ1-42 and Aβ1- 40, and ICV delivery of netrin-1 to PDAβPPSwe/Ind mice increased sAβPPα, decreased Aβ, and improved working memory. Finally, to support further study of netrin-1's potential as a therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease, pilot gene therapy studies were performed and a netrin mimetic peptide synthesized and tested that, like netrin, can increase sAβPPα and decrease Aβ1-42in vitro. Taken together, these data provide mechanistic insights into Aβ self-amplification and the ability of netrin-1 to disrupt it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Spilman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology & Easton Center for AD Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veronique Corset
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory, University of Lyon Cancer Center, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Junli Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Rammohan Rao
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Janine Beyer
- Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience Research, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jesus Campagna
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology & Easton Center for AD Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krystof Bankiewicz
- Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience Research, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory, University of Lyon Cancer Center, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Varghese John
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology & Easton Center for AD Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dale E Bredesen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology & Easton Center for AD Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Yang X, Li S, Li B, Wang X, Sun C, Qin H, Sun H. Netrin-1 overexpression improves neurobehavioral outcomes and reduces infarct size via inhibition of the notch1 pathway following experimental stroke. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1850-1857. [PMID: 28084632 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Administration of Netrin-1 during the peri-infarct period has been shown to decrease infarct size in rats; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We addressed this question in the present study by inducing stroke in rats via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and evaluating the effects of Netrin-1 treatment by neurobehavioral testing, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting. Netrin-1 overexpression increased neurobehavioral test scores and reduced cerebral infarct volume following MCAO via inhibition of the Notch1 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that early administration of Netrin-1 can is an effective therapeutic approach for improving outcome after stroke. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Haiqiang Qin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
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22
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Ring KL, An MC, Zhang N, O'Brien RN, Ramos EM, Gao F, Atwood R, Bailus BJ, Melov S, Mooney SD, Coppola G, Ellerby LM. Genomic Analysis Reveals Disruption of Striatal Neuronal Development and Therapeutic Targets in Human Huntington's Disease Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 5:1023-1038. [PMID: 26651603 PMCID: PMC4682390 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We utilized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from Huntington's disease (HD) patients as a human model of HD and determined that the disease phenotypes only manifest in the differentiated neural stem cell (NSC) stage, not in iPSCs. To understand the molecular basis for the CAG repeat expansion-dependent disease phenotypes in NSCs, we performed transcriptomic analysis of HD iPSCs and HD NSCs compared to isogenic controls. Differential gene expression and pathway analysis pointed to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and netrin-1 as the top dysregulated pathways. Using data-driven gene coexpression network analysis, we identified seven distinct coexpression modules and focused on two that were correlated with changes in gene expression due to the CAG expansion. Our HD NSC model revealed the dysregulation of genes involved in neuronal development and the formation of the dorsal striatum. The striatal and neuronal networks disrupted could be modulated to correct HD phenotypes and provide therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Ring
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Mahru C An
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Ningzhe Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fuying Gao
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert Atwood
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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23
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Zhu CY, Wang Y, Zeng QX, Qian Y, Li H, Yang ZX, Yang YM, Zhang Q, Li FF, Liu SL. Combined effects of age and polymorphisms in Notch3 in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction disease. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1157-64. [PMID: 27370894 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral infarction disease is a severe hypoxic ischemic tissue necrosis in the brain, often leading to long-term functional disability and residual impairments. The Notch signaling pathway plays key roles in proliferation and survival of the stem/progenitor cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Notch3 is an important member of the pathway, but the relationships between the genetic abnormalities and cerebral infarction disease still remain unclear. The aim of this work was to evaluate variations in Notch3 gene for their possible associations with the cerebral infarction disease. We sequenced the Notch3 gene for 260 patients with cerebral infarction disease, 300 normal controls with old ages and 300 normal controls with younger ages, and identified the variations. The statistical analyses were conducted using Chi-Square Tests as implemented in SPSS (version 19.0). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test of the population was carried out using the online software OEGE. Six variations, including rs1044116, rs1044009, rs1044006, rs10408676, rs1043996 and rs16980398 within or near the Notch3 gene, were found. The genetic heterozygosity of rs1044116, rs1044009, rs1044006, and rs1043996 was very high, whereas that of rs10408676 and rs16980398 was very low. Statistical analyses showed that rs1044009 and rs1044006 were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction disease in the Chinese Han agedness population. The SNPs rs1044009 and rs1044006 in the Notch3 gene were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction diseases in the Chinese Han agedness population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Zhu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Xuan Zeng
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zi-Xia Yang
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Mei Yang
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Antibiotics, Heilongjiang province food and drug inspection testing Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Fei-Feng Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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24
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Lu H, Song X, Wang F, Wang G, Wu Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Hyperexpressed Netrin-1 Promoted Neural Stem Cells Migration in Mice after Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:223. [PMID: 27746720 PMCID: PMC5042963 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous Netrin-1 (NT-1) protein was significantly increased after cerebral ischemia, which may participate in the repair after transient cerebral ischemic injury. In this work, we explored whether NT-1 can be steadily overexpressed by adeno-associated virus (AAV) and the exogenous NT-1 can promote neural stem cells migration from the subventricular zone (SVZ) region after cerebral ischemia. Adult CD-1 mice were injected stereotacticly with AAV carrying NT-1 gene (AAV-NT-1). Mice underwent 60 min of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion 1 week after injection. We found that NT-1 mainly expressed in neuron and astrocyte, and the expression level of NT-1 significantly increased 1 week after AAV-NT-1 gene transfer and lasted for 28 days, even after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) as well (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry results showed that the number of neural stem cells was greatly increased in the SVZ region of AAV-NT-1-transduced mice compared with control mice. Our study showed that overexpressed NT-1 promoted neural stem cells migration from SVZ. This result suggested that NT-1 is a promising factor for repairing and remodeling after focal cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yuncheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoshu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
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25
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Wang S, Zhou J, Kang W, Dong Z, Wang H. Tocilizumab inhibits neuronal cell apoptosis and activates STAT3 in cerebral infarction rat model. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:145-50. [PMID: 26773188 PMCID: PMC4852997 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infarction is a severe hypoxic ischemic necrosis with accelerated neuronal cell apoptosis in the brain. As a monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6, tocilizumab (TCZ) is widely used in immune diseases, whose function in cerebral infarction has not been studied. This study aims to reveal the role of TCZ in regulating neuronal cell apoptosis in cerebral infarction. The cerebral infarction rat model was constructed by middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated with TCZ. Cell apoptosis in hippocampus and cortex of the brain was examined with TUNEL method. Rat neuronal cells cultured in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions and treated with TCZ were used to compare cell viability and apoptosis. Apoptosis-related factors including B-cell lymphoma extra large (Bcl-xL) and Caspase 3, as well as the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in brain cortex were analyzed from the protein level. Results indicated that TCZ treatment could significantly prevent the promoted cell apoptosis caused by cerebral infarction or OGD (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In brain cortex of the rat model, TCZ up-regulated Bcl-xL and down-regulated Caspase 3, consistent with the inhibited cell apoptosis. It also promoted tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3, which might be the potential regulatory mechanism of TCZ in neuronal cells. This study provided evidence for the protective role of TCZ against neuronal cell apoptosis in cerebral infarction. Based on these fundamental data, TCZ is a promising option for treating cerebral infarction, but further investigations on related mechanisms are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China..
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26
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Netrin-1 Contributes to Myelinated Afferent Fiber Sprouting and Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5640-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Microarray Profiling and Co-Expression Network Analysis of LncRNAs and mRNAs in Neonatal Rats Following Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Damage. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13850. [PMID: 26349411 PMCID: PMC4563552 DOI: 10.1038/srep13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in cellular homeostasis. However, little is known about their effect in developing rat brains with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). To explore the expression and function of lncRNA in HIBD, we analyzed the expression profiles of lncRNAs in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brains and sham control using microarray analysis. The results showed a remarkable difference in lncRNA between HI and sham brains. A total of 322 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in HI brains, compared to sham control. Among these, BC088414 was one of the most significantly urpregulated lncRNAs. In addition, 375 coding genes were differentially expressed between HI brains and sham control. Pathway and gene ontology analysis indicated that the upregulated coding genes mostly involved in wounding, inflammation and defense, whereas the downregulated transcripts were largely associated with neurogenesis and repair. Moreover, coding non-coding co-expression network analysis showed that the BC088414 lncRNA expression was correlated with apoptosis-related genes, including Casp6 and Adrb2. Silencing of lncRNA BC088414 in PC12 cells caused reduced mRNA level of Casp6 and Adrb2, decreased cell apoptosis and increased cell proliferation. These results suggested lncRNA might participate in the pathogenesis of HIBD via regulating coding genes.
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Shabanzadeh AP, Tassew NG, Szydlowska K, Tymianski M, Banerjee P, Vigouroux RJ, Eubanks JH, Huang L, Geraerts M, Koeberle PD, Mueller BK, Monnier PP. Uncoupling Neogenin association with lipid rafts promotes neuronal survival and functional recovery after stroke. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1744. [PMID: 25950474 PMCID: PMC4669689 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dependence receptor Neogenin and its ligand, the repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa), regulate apoptosis and axonal growth in the developing and the adult central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that this pathway has also a critical role in neuronal death following stroke, and that providing RGMa to neurons blocks Neogenin-induced death. Interestingly, the Neogenin pro-death function following ischemic insult depends on Neogenin association with lipid rafts. Thus, a peptide that prevents Neogenin association with lipid rafts increased neuronal survival in several in vitro stroke models. In rats, a pro-survival effect was also observed in a model of ocular ischemia, as well as after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Treatments that prevented Neogenin association with lipid rafts improved neuronal survival and the complexity of the neuronal network following occlusion of the middle artery. Toward the development of a treatment for stroke, we developed a human anti-RGMa antibody that also prevents Neogenin association with lipid rafts. We show that this antibody also protected CNS tissue from ischemic damage and that its application resulted in a significant functional improvement even when administrated 6 h after artery occlusion. Thus, our results draw attention to the role of Neogenin and lipid rafts as potential targets following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Shabanzadeh
- 1] Toronto Western Research Institute, Genetics and Development Division, KDT 8-418, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8 ON, Canada [2] Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N G Tassew
- 1] Toronto Western Research Institute, Genetics and Development Division, KDT 8-418, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8 ON, Canada [2] Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K Szydlowska
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Genetics and Development Division, KDT 8-418, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8 ON, Canada
| | - M Tymianski
- 1] Toronto Western Research Institute, Genetics and Development Division, KDT 8-418, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8 ON, Canada [2] Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Banerjee
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Genetics and Development Division, KDT 8-418, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8 ON, Canada
| | - R J Vigouroux
- 1] Toronto Western Research Institute, Genetics and Development Division, KDT 8-418, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8 ON, Canada [2] Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J H Eubanks
- 1] Toronto Western Research Institute, Genetics and Development Division, KDT 8-418, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8 ON, Canada [2] Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Huang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - M Geraerts
- Neuroscience Research, Research and Development, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & CO KG, Knollstrasse, D-67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - P D Koeberle
- 1] Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B K Mueller
- Neuroscience Research, Research and Development, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & CO KG, Knollstrasse, D-67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - P P Monnier
- 1] Toronto Western Research Institute, Genetics and Development Division, KDT 8-418, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, M5T 2S8 ON, Canada [2] Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Ding Q, Liao SJ, Yu J. Axon guidance factor netrin-1 and its receptors regulate angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:683-91. [PMID: 24875332 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis and angiogenesis play important roles in functional recovery after ischemic stroke. When cerebral ischemia occurs, axon regeneration can compensate for the loss of apoptotic neurons in the ischemic area. The formation of new blood vessels ameliorates the local decrease in blood supply, enhancing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to newly-formed neurons. New blood vessels also act as a scaffold for the migration of neuroblasts to the infarct area after ischemic stroke. In light of this, researchers have been actively searching for methods to treat cerebral infarction. Netrins were first identified as a family of proteins that mediate axon guidance and direct axon migration during embryogenesis. Later studies have revealed other functions of this protein family. In this review, we focus on netrin-1, which has been shown to be involved in axon migration and angiogenesis, which are required for recovery after cerebral ischemia. Thus, therapies targeting netrin-1 may be useful for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Ding
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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30
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Chen XR, Liao SJ, Ye LX, Gong Q, Ding Q, Zeng JS, Yu J. Neuroprotective effect of chondroitinase ABC on primary and secondary brain injury after stroke in hypertensive rats. Brain Res 2013; 1543:324-33. [PMID: 24326094 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Focal cerebral infarction causes secondary damage in the ipsilateral ventroposterior thalamic nucleus (VPN). Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a family of putative inhibitory components, and its degradation by chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) promotes post-injury neurogenesis. This study investigated the role of ChABC in the primary and secondary injury post stroke in hypertension. Renovascular hypertensive Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and were subjected to continuous intra-infarct infusion of ChABC (0.12 U/d for 7 days) 24 h later. Neurological function was evaluated by a modified neurologic severity score. Neurons were counted in the peri-infarct region and the ipsilateral VPN 8 and 14 days after MCAO by Nissl staining and NeuN labeling. The expressions of CSPGs, growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and synaptophysin (SYN) were detected with immunofluorescence or Western blotting. The intra-infarct infusion of ChABC, by degrading accumulated CSPGs, rescued neuronal loss and increased the levels of GAP-43 and SYN in both the ipsilateral cortex and VPN, indicating enhancd neuron survival as well as augmented axonal growth and synaptic plasticity, eventually improving overall neurological function. The study demonstrated that intra-infarct ChABC infusion could salvage the brain from both primary and secondary injury by the intervention on the neuroinhibitory environment post focal cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-ran Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Song-jie Liao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lan-xiang Ye
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Gong
- Department of Neurology, the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qiao Ding
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin-sheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat as an animal model for stroke studies: from artery to brain. J Neurol Sci 2013; 334:1-5. [PMID: 23953678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High blood pressure is a main risk factor for both initial and recurrent stroke. Compared to the post stroke situation in normotension, the brain lesion is larger in hypertension, and the treatments may not be as effective. Thus, the results from healthy individuals may not be directly applied to the hypertensive. In fact, the high prevalence of hypertension in stroke patients and its devastating effect urge the necessity to integrate arterial hypertension in the study of stroke in order to better mimic the clinical situations. The first step to do so is to have an appropriate hypertensive animal model for stroke studies. Stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat (RHRSP) introduced in 1998, is an animal model with acquired hypertension independent of genetic deficiency. The blood pressure begins to increase during the first week after constriction of bilateral renal arteries, and becomes sustained since around the 3rd month. Because the morphological and physiological changes of cerebral arteries are similar to those in hypertensive patients, the rats represent a higher than 60% incidence of spontaneous stroke. The animal model has several advantages: one hundred percent development of hypertension without gene modification, high similarity to human hypertension in cerebrovascular pathology and physiology, and easy establishment with low cost. Thus, the model has been extensively used in the investigation of ischemic stroke, and has been shown as a reliable animal model. This paper reviewed the features of RHRSP and its applications in the treatment and prevention of stroke, as well as the investigations of secondary lesions postischemic stroke.
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