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Pratiwi DIN, Alhajlah S, Alawadi A, Hjazi A, Alawsi T, Almalki SG, Alsalamy A, Kumar A. Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles as emerging therapeutic tools in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102320. [PMID: 38342071 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a neurological condition characterized by severe long-term consequences and an unfavorable prognosis for numerous patients. Despite advancements in stroke treatment, existing therapeutic approaches possess certain limitations. However, accumulating evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold promise as a potential therapy for various neurological disorders, including IS, owing to their advantageous properties, such as immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. Additionally, MSCs primarily exert their therapeutic effects through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), highlighting the significance of their paracrine activities. These EVs are small double-layered phospholipid membrane vesicles, carrying a diverse cargo of proteins, lipids, and miRNAs that enable effective cell-to-cell communication. Notably, EVs have emerged as attractive substitutes for stem cell therapy due to their reduced immunogenicity, lower tumorigenic potential, and ease of administration and handling. Hence, this review summarizes the current preclinical and clinical studies performed to investigate the safety and therapeutic potential of MSCs and their EVs derived from different sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and Wharton's jelly in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Taif Alawsi
- Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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2
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Myers MI, Hines KJ, Gray A, Spagnuolo G, Rosenwasser R, Iacovitti L. Intracerebral Transplantation of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Chronic Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01208-7. [PMID: 37917400 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
While treatments exist for the acute phase of stroke, there are limited options for patients with chronic infarcts and long-term disability. Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (alloMSCs) show promise for the treatment of stroke soon after ischemic injury. There is, however, no information on the use of autologous MSCs (autoMSCs), delivered intracerebrally in rats with a chronic infarct. In this study, rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to induce stroke followed by bone marrow aspiration and MSC expansion in a closed bioreactor. Four weeks later, brain MRI was obtained and autoMSCs (1 × 106, 2.5 × 106 or 5 × 106; n = 6 each) were stereotactically injected into the peri-infarct and compared to controls (MCAO only; MCAO + PBS; n = 6-9). Behavior was assessed using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). For comparison, an additional cohort of MCAO rats were implanted with 2.5 × 106 alloMSCs generated from a healthy rat. All doses of autoMSCs produced significant improvement (54-70%) in sensorimotor function 60 days later. In contrast, alloMSCs improved only 31.7%, similar to that in PBS controls 30%. Quantum dot-labeled auto/alloMSCs were found exclusively at the implantation site throughout the post-transplantation period with no tumor formation on MRI or Ki67 staining of engrafted MSCs. Small differences in stroke volume and no differences in corpus callosum width were observed after MSC treatment. Stroke-induced glial reactivity in the peri-infarct was long-lasting and unabated by auto/alloMSC transplantation. These studies suggest that intracerebral transplantation of autoMSCs as compared to alloMSCs may be a promising treatment in chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max I Myers
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kevin J Hines
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Andrew Gray
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gabrielle Spagnuolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Robert Rosenwasser
- The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Suite 462, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Yamaguchi S, Yoshida M, Horie N, Satoh K, Fukuda Y, Ishizaka S, Ogawa K, Morofuji Y, Hiu T, Izumo T, Kawakami S, Nishida N, Matsuo T. Stem Cell Therapy for Acute/Subacute Ischemic Stroke with a Focus on Intraarterial Stem Cell Transplantation: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010033. [PMID: 36671605 PMCID: PMC9854681 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke holds great promise for the treatment of neurological impairment and has moved from the laboratory into early clinical trials. The mechanism of action of stem cell therapy includes the bystander effect and cell replacement. The bystander effect plays an important role in the acute to subacute phase, and cell replacement plays an important role in the subacute to chronic phase. Intraarterial (IA) transplantation is less invasive than intraparenchymal transplantation and can provide more cells in the affected brain region than intravenous transplantation. However, transplanted cell migration was reported to be insufficient, and few transplanted cells were retained in the brain for an extended period. Therefore, the bystander effect was considered the main mechanism of action of IA stem cell transplantation. In most clinical trials, IA transplantation was performed during the acute and subacute phases. Although clinical trials of IA transplantation demonstrated safety, they did not demonstrate satisfactory efficacy in improving patient outcomes. To increase efficacy, increased migration of transplanted cells and production of long surviving and effective stem cells would be crucial. Given the lack of knowledge on this subject, we review and summarize the mechanisms of action of transplanted stem cells and recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies to provide information and guidance for further advancement of acute/subacute phase IA stem cell transplantation therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sasebo General Hospital, Nagasaki 857-8511, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-095-819-7375
| | - Michiharu Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sasebo General Hospital, Nagasaki 857-8511, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Horie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Department of Occupational Therapy Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuutaka Fukuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishizaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Koki Ogawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yoichi Morofuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Izumo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Hur HJ, Lee JY, Kim DH, Cho MS, Lee S, Kim HS, Kim DW. Conditioned Medium of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Precursor Cells Exerts Neurorestorative Effects against Ischemic Stroke Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7787. [PMID: 35887140 PMCID: PMC9319001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that early therapeutic events of neural precursor cells (NPCs) transplantation to animals with acute ischemic stroke readily protected neuronal cell damage and improved behavioral recovery through paracrine mechanisms. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of conditioned medium from NPCs (NPC-CMs) could recapitulate the beneficial effects of cell transplantation. Rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: PBS control, Vehicle (medium) controls, single (NPC-CM(S)) or multiple injections of NPC-CM(NPC-CM(M)) groups. A single intravenous injection of NPC-CM exhibited strong neuroregenerative potential to induce behavioral recovery, and multiple injections enhanced this activity further by suppressing inflammatory damage and inducing endogenous neurogenesis leading to histopathological and functional recovery. Proteome analysis of NPC-CM identified a number of proteins that are known to be associated with nervous system development, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed the importance of the inflammatory response during stroke recovery and some of the key hub genes in the interaction network were validated. Thus, our findings demonstrated that NPC-CM promoted functional recovery and reduced cerebral infarct and inflammation with enhanced endogenous neurogenesis, and the results highlighted the potency of NPC-CM in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Hur
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.)
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Lee
- Research Institute of Hyperbaric Medicine and Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si 26426, Korea;
| | - Do-Hun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.)
- S. Biomedics Co., Ltd., Seoul 04979, Korea;
| | | | - Sangsik Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Korea;
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.)
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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5
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Soltani L, Mahdavi AH. Role of Signaling Pathways during Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cardiology 2021; 147:216-224. [PMID: 34864735 DOI: 10.1159/000521313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), represent a promising source to be used by regenerative medicine. They are capable of performing myogenic, chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Also, MSCs are characterized by the expression of multiple surface antigens, but none of them appears to be particularly expressed on MSCs. Moreover, the prospect of monitoring and controlling MSC differentiation is a scientifically crucial regulatory and clinical requirement. Different transcription factors and signaling pathways are involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Due to the paucity of studies exclusively focused on cardiomyocyte differentiation of MSCs, present study aims at describing the roles of various signaling pathways (FGF, TGF, Wnt, Notch, etc.) in cardiomyocytes differentiation of MSCs. Understanding the signaling pathways that control the commitment and differentiation of cardiomyocyte cells not only will expand our basic understanding of molecular mechanisms of heart development, but also will enable us to develop therapeutic means of intervention in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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6
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Interfacial Compatibilization into PLA/Mg Composites for Improved In Vitro Bioactivity and Stem Cell Adhesion. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195944. [PMID: 34641488 PMCID: PMC8512483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work highlights the crucial role of the interfacial compatibilization on the design of polylactic acid (PLA)/Magnesium (Mg) composites for bone regeneration applications. In this regard, an amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide-b-L,L-lactide) diblock copolymer with predefined composition was synthesised and used as a new interface to provide physical interactions between the metallic filler and the biopolymer matrix. This strategy allowed (i) overcoming the PLA/Mg interfacial adhesion weakness and (ii) modulating the composite hydrophilicity, bioactivity and biological behaviour. First, a full study of the influence of the copolymer incorporation on the morphological, wettability, thermal, thermo-mechanical and mechanical properties of PLA/Mg was investigated. Subsequently, the bioactivity was assessed during an in vitro degradation in simulated body fluid (SBF). Finally, biological studies with stem cells were carried out. The results showed an increase of the interfacial adhesion by the formation of a new interphase between the hydrophobic PLA matrix and the hydrophilic Mg filler. This interface stabilization was confirmed by a decrease in the damping factor (tanδ) following the copolymer addition. The latter also proves the beneficial effect of the composite hydrophilicity by selective surface localization of the hydrophilic PEO leading to a significant increase in the protein adsorption. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite was formed in bulk after 8 weeks of immersion in the SBF, suggesting that the bioactivity will be noticeably improved by the addition of the diblock copolymer. This ceramic could react as a natural bonding junction between the designed implant and the fractured bone during osteoregeneration. On the other hand, a slight decrease of the composite mechanical performances was noted.
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MILI BHABESH, DAS KINSUK, P MADHUSOODANA, KUMAR KULDEEP, SAXENA AC, BAG SADHAN. Transdifferentiation of canine mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells by induction with β-mercaptoethanol. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i7.115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to check whether β- mercaptoethanol in a culture medium can induce the neuronal differentiation of canine MSCs. The canine bonemarrow derived MSCs were first pre-inducted with 1 mM BME for 24 hrs followed by induction in a serum-free medium supplemented with 4 mM BME without FBS for another 6 days. Morphological changes in MSCs from spindle-shaped to neuron-like branching from the edges of the cells were noticed at the end of induction. These neuronlike cells were found positive for the immunophenotypic expression of different neural cell markers β-tubulin III, MAP-2 and Nestin. In RT-PCR analysis, it was also evident that the relative expressions of these representative genes were significantly higher in the differentiated cells. On the basis of our observations, it can be summarized that the BME induction of canine MSCs resulted in morphological changes that resembled neuron-like cells which were found to express the representative neuronal markers. Therefore, inducing canine MSCs with BME resulted in the generation of neuron-like cells that might be utilized for the prospective therapeutic applications in veterinary medicine.
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Kang SH, Kim MY, Eom YW, Baik SK. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Liver Disease: Present and Perspectives. Gut Liver 2021; 14:306-315. [PMID: 31581387 PMCID: PMC7234888 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy for treating chronic liver diseases. The potential of this treatment has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Although the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are still not completely understood, accumulating evidence has revealed that their immunomodulation, differentiation, and antifibrotic properties play a crucial role in liver regeneration. The safety and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with chronic liver disease have been observed in many clinical studies. However, only modest improvements have been seen, partly because of the limited feasibility of transplanted cells at present. Here, we discuss several strategies targeted at improving viable cell engraftment and the potential challenges in the use of extracellular vesicle-based therapies for liver disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Institute of Evidence Based Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Institute of Evidence Based Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Argentati C, Morena F, Fontana C, Tortorella I, Emiliani C, Latterini L, Zampini G, Martino S. Functionalized Silica Star-Shaped Nanoparticles and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Model. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:779. [PMID: 33803869 PMCID: PMC8003255 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biomedical translational applications of functionalized nanoparticles require comprehensive studies on their effect on human stem cells. Here, we have tested neat star-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (s-MSN) and their chemically functionalized derivates; we examined nanoparticles (NPs) with similar dimensions but different surface chemistry, due to the amino groups grafted on silica nanoparticles (s-MSN-NH2), and gold nanoseeds chemically adsorbed on silica nanoparticles (s-MSN-Au). The different samples were dropped on glass coverslips to obtain a homogeneous deposition differing only for NPs' chemical functionalization and suitable for long-term culture of human Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and Adipose stem cells (hASCs). Our model allowed us to demonstrate that hBM-MSCs and hASCs have comparable growth curves, viability, and canonical Vinculin Focal adhesion spots on functionalized s-MSN-NH2 and s-MSN-Au as on neat s-MSN and control systems, but also to show morphological changes on all NP types compared to the control counterparts. The new shape was stem-cell-specific and was maintained on all types of NPs. Compared to the other NPs, s-MSN-Au exerted a small genotoxic effect on both stem cell types, which, however, did not affect the stem cell behavior, likely due to a peculiar stem cell metabolic restoration response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (C.E.)
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (C.E.)
| | - Chiara Fontana
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Ilaria Tortorella
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (C.E.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (C.E.)
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Giulia Zampini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.F.); (L.L.)
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (C.E.)
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10
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Spellicy SE, Hess DC. The Immunomodulatory Capacity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Post-stroke Environment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647415. [PMID: 33796535 PMCID: PMC8007866 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has proven to be a key contributing factor to the pathogenesis of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This sequential and progressive response, marked by proliferation of resident immune cells and recruitment of peripheral immune populations, results in increased oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death. Therapeutics aimed at quelling various stages of this post-stroke inflammatory response have shown promise recently, one of which being differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). While direct repopulation of damaged tissues and enhanced neurogenesis are hypothesized to encompass some of the therapeutic potential of iPSCs, recent evidence has demonstrated a substantial paracrine effect on neuroinflammation. Specifically, investigation of iPSCs, iPSC-neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs), and iPSC-neuroepithelial like stem cells (iPSC-lt-NESC) has demonstrated significant immunomodulation of proinflammatory signaling and endogenous inflammatory cell populations, such as microglia. This review aims to examine the mechanisms by which iPSCs mediate neuroinflammation in the post-stroke environment, as well as delineate avenues for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Spellicy
- MD-Ph.D. Program, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - David C Hess
- Dean's Office, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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11
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Morena F, Argentati C, Soccio M, Bicchi I, Luzi F, Torre L, Munari A, Emiliani C, Gigli M, Lotti N, Armentano I, Martino S. Unpatterned Bioactive Poly(Butylene 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylate)-Based Film Fast Induced Neuronal-Like Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9274. [PMID: 33291757 PMCID: PMC7729499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PBCE) films characterized by an unpatterned microstructure and a specific hydrophobicity, capable of boosting a drastic cytoskeleton architecture remodeling, culminating with the neuronal-like differentiation of human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). We have used two different filming procedures to prepare the films, solvent casting (PBCE) and compression-moulding (PBCE*). PBCE film had a rough and porous surface with spherulite-like aggregations (Ø = 10-20 μm) and was characterized by a water contact angle = 100°. PBCE* showed a smooth and continuous surface without voids and visible spherulite-like aggregations and was more hydrophobic (WCA = 110°). Both surface characteristics were modulated through the copolymerization of different amounts of ether-oxygen-containing co-units into PBCE chemical structure. We showed that only the surface characteristics of PBCE-solvent-casted films steered hBM-MSCs toward a neuronal-like differentiation. hBM-MSCs lost their canonical mesenchymal morphology, acquired a neuronal polarized shape with a long cell protrusion (≥150 μm), expressed neuron-specific class III β-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 2 neuronal markers, while nestin, a marker of uncommitted stem cells, was drastically silenced. These events were observed as early as 2-days after cell seeding. Of note, the phenomenon was totally absent on PBCE* film, as hBM-MSCs maintained the mesenchymal shape and behavior and did not express neuronal/glial markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering–DICAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ilaria Bicchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Andrea Munari
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering–DICAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Gigli
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’Foscari University of Venice, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering–DICAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ilaria Armentano
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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12
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Cai Y, Liu W, Lian L, Xu Y, Bai X, Xu S, Zhang J. Stroke treatment: Is exosome therapy superior to stem cell therapy? Biochimie 2020; 179:190-204. [PMID: 33010339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common causes of disability and death, and currently, ideal clinical treatment is lacking. Stem cell transplantation is a widely-used treatment approach for stroke. When compared with other types of stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been widely studied because of their many advantages. The paracrine effect is the primary mechanism for stem cells to play their role, and exosomes play an essential role in the paracrine effect. When compared with cell therapy, cell-free exosome therapy can prevent many risks and difficulties, and therefore, represents a promising and novel approach for treatment. In this study, we reviewed the research progress in the application of BMSCs-derived exosomes (BMSCs-exos) and BMSCs in the treatment of stroke. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of cell therapy and cell-free exosome therapy were described, and the possible factors that hinder the introduction of these two treatments into the clinic were analyzed. Furthermore, we reviewed the current optimization methods of cell therapy and cell-free exosome therapy. Taken together, we hypothesize that cell-free exosome therapy will have excellent research prospects in the future, and therefore, it is worth further exploring. There are still some issues that need to be further addressed. For example, differences between the in vivo microenvironment and in vitro culture conditions will affect the paracrine effect of stem cells. Most importantly, we believe that more preclinical and clinical design studies are required to compare the efficacy of stem cells and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Cai
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingzhi Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Bai
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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13
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Grath A, Dai G. Direct cell reprogramming for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:14. [PMID: 30805026 PMCID: PMC6373087 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct cell reprogramming, also called transdifferentiation, allows for the reprogramming of one somatic cell type directly into another, without the need to transition through an induced pluripotent state. Thus, it is an attractive approach to develop novel tissue engineering applications to treat diseases and injuries where there is a shortage of proliferating cells for tissue repair. In certain tissue damage, terminally differentiated somatic cells lose their ability to proliferate, as a result, damaged tissues cannot heal by themselves. Examples of these scenarios include myocardial infarctions, neurodegenerative diseases, and cartilage injuries. Transdifferentiation is capable of reprogramming cells that are abundant in the body into desired cell phenotypes that are able to restore tissue function in damaged areas. Therefore, direct cell reprogramming is a promising direction in the cell and tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. In recent years, several methods for transdifferentiation have been developed, ranging from the overexpression of transcription factors via viral vectors, to small molecules, to clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and its associated protein (Cas9) for both genetic and epigenetic reprogramming. Overexpressing transcription factors by use of a lentivirus is currently the most prevalent technique, however it lacks high reprogramming efficiencies and can pose problems when transitioning to human subjects and clinical trials. CRISPR/Cas9, fused with proteins that modulate transcription, has been shown to improve efficiencies greatly. Transdifferentiation has successfully generated many cell phenotypes, including endothelial cells, skeletal myocytes, neuronal cells, and more. These cells have been shown to emulate mature adult cells such that they are able to mimic major functions, and some are capable of promoting regeneration of damaged tissue in vivo. While transdifferentiated cells have not yet seen clinical use, they have had promise in mice models, showing success in treating liver disease and several brain-related diseases, while also being utilized as a cell source for tissue engineered vascular grafts to treat damaged blood vessels. Recently, localized transdifferentiated cells have been generated in situ, allowing for treatments without invasive surgeries and more complete transdifferentiation. In this review, we summarized the recent development in various cell reprogramming techniques, their applications in converting various somatic cells, their uses in tissue regeneration, and the challenges of transitioning to a clinical setting, accompanied with potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grath
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Lake Hall 214A, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Lake Hall 214A, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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14
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Qu XH, Wang WS, Liu SM, Wu LF, Xie C, Yang XY, He Y, Wu XM. A Study on Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Models in Rats Treated by Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Grafting via Arteries and Veins. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Qu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University
| | - Wan-Song Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Shi-Min Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University
| | - Ling-Feng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University
| | | | - Yan He
- Medical College of Nanchang University
| | - Xiao-Mu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University
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15
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The Promising Effects of Transplanted Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Treatment in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:1689-1692. [PMID: 30234712 PMCID: PMC6200375 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported the recovery ability of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for neural diseases. In this study, the authors explored the roles of UC-MSCs to treat the traumatic brain injury. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from healthy neonatal rat umbilical cord immediately after delivery. The traumatic brain injury (TBI) model was formed by the classical gravity method. The authors detected the behavior changes and measured the levels of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-lβ and tumor necrosis factor-α by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after transplantation between TBI treated and untreated with UC-MSCs. Simultaneously, the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by real-time-polymerase chain reaction and ELISA.The authors found that the group of transplantation UC-MSCs has a significant improvement than other group treated by phosphate buffered saline. In the behavioral test, the Neurological Severity Scores of UC-MSCs + TBI group were lower than TBI group (P < 0.05), but not obviously higher than control group at 2, 3, and 4week, respectively. The inflammatory factors are significantly reduced comparison with TBI group (P < 0.05), but both GDNF and BDNF were higher than TBI group (P < 0.05). The results indicated that UC-MSCs might play an important role in TBI recovery through inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and increasing the expression of GDNF and BDNF.
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16
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Ischemic Stroke Injury by Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Rat Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.55085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Comparisons of the therapeutic effects of three different routes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in cerebral ischemic rats. Brain Res 2017; 1680:143-154. [PMID: 29274877 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are mainly administered via three routes: intra-arterial, intravenous and intracerebral. It has been reported that BMSC administration via each route ameliorates the functional deficits after cerebral ischemia. However, there have been no comparisons of the therapeutic benefits of BMSC administration through different delivery routes. In this study, we injected BMSCs into a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) through the intra-arterial, intravenous, or intracerebral route at day 7 after MCAO. Control animals received only the vehicle. Neurological function was assessed at post-ischemic days (PIDs) 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 using behavioral tests (modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and the adhesive removal test). At PID 35, the rat brain tissues were processed for histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Our results showed that BMSC transplantation via the intra-arterial, intravenous, and intracerebral routes induced greater improvement in neurological functions than the control treatments; furthermore, the intra-arterial route showed the greatest degree and speed of neurological functional recovery. Moreover, BMSCs treatment through each route enhanced reconstruction of axonal myelination in the area of the corpus callosum on the infarct side of the cerebral hemisphere, increased the expression of SYN and Ki-67, and decreased the expression of Nogo-A in the brain. These effects were more apparent in the intra-arterial group than in the intravenous and intracerebral groups. These data suggest that BMSCs transplantation, especially through intra-arterial delivery, can effectively improve neurological function intra-arterial. The underlying mechanism may include the promotion of synaptogenesis, endogenous cell proliferation, and axonal regeneration.
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18
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Tang BL. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) therapy – a perspective on cell biological mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:725-738. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecent clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation have demonstrated procedural safety and clinical proof of principle with a modest indication of benefit in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While replacement therapy remained unrealistic, the clinical efficacy of this therapeutic option could be potentially enhanced if we could better decipher the mechanisms underlying some of the beneficial effects of transplanted cells, and work toward augmenting or combining these in a strategic manner. Novel ways whereby MSCs could act in modifying disease progression should also be explored. In this review, I discuss the known, emerging and postulated mechanisms of action underlying effects that transplanted MSCs may exert to promote motor neuron survival and/or to encourage regeneration in ALS. I shall also speculate on how transplanted cells may alter the diseased environment so as to minimize non-neuron cell autonomous damages by immune cells and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Lee YJ, Seo TH, Lee S, Jang W, Kim MJ, Sung JS. Neuronal differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in response to the domain size of graphene substrates. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:43-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jung Lee
- Department of Life Science; Dongguk University; Goyang Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Seo
- Applied Quantum Composites Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Jeonbuk 565-905 Republic of Korea
| | - Seula Lee
- Applied Quantum Composites Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Jeonbuk 565-905 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Life Science; Dongguk University; Goyang Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Applied Quantum Composites Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Jeonbuk 565-905 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science; Dongguk University; Goyang Gyeonggi-do 10326 Republic of Korea
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Singh SP, Jadhav SH, Chaturvedi CP, Nityanand S. Therapeutic efficacy of multipotent adult progenitor cells versus mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Regen Med 2017. [PMID: 28621170 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In this study, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of mouse multipotent adult progenitor cells (mMAPCs) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, and compared it with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). MATERIALS & METHODS We administered PKH26-labeled mMAPC and mMSC into EAE mice and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS The mMAPC-treated mice in comparison with the mMSC group exhibited a higher suppression of EAE (p < 0.05), and a higher fold expression of neuronal genes GAP43, NG2, PDGFR, Nestin, SMI 32, BDNF and NT 3 in spinal cord (p < 0.05), suggesting a better neuroprotective and regenerative potential of mMAPC than mMSC. CONCLUSION MAPC may be a potential cell type, which is superior to mesenchymal stem cell for the treatment of EAE/multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pratap Singh
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Sachin Hanumantrao Jadhav
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Soniya Nityanand
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
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21
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Nowakowski A, Andrzejewska A, Boltze J, Nitzsche F, Cui LL, Jolkkonen J, Walczak P, Lukomska B, Janowski M. Translation, but not transfection limits clinically relevant, exogenous mRNA based induction of alpha-4 integrin expression on human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1103. [PMID: 28439079 PMCID: PMC5430815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent promising resource of cells for regenerative medicine in neurological disorders. However, efficient and minimally invasive methods of MSCs delivery to the brain still have to be developed. Intra-arterial route is very promising, but MSCs are missing machinery for diapedesis through blood-brain barrier. Thus, here we have tested a mRNA-based method to induce transient expression of ITGA4, an adhesion molecule actively involved in cell extravasation. We observed that transfection with an ITGA4-mRNA construct bearing a conventional cap analogue (7-methylguanosine) failed to produce ITGA4 protein, but exogenous ITGA4-mRNA was detected in transfected MSCs. This indicates that not transfection, but rather translation being the major roadblock. Stabilization of ITGA4-mRNA with SSB proteins resulted in ITGA4 protein synthesis in HEK293 cells only, whereas in MSCs, satisfactory results were obtained only after using an anti-reverse-cap-analogue (ARCA). The presence of ITGA4 protein in MSCs was transient and lasted for up to 24 h after transfection. Membranous location was confirmed by flow cytometry of viable non-permeabilized cells using anti-ITGA4 antibody. The mRNA-based expression of itga4 transgene is potentially sufficient for diapedesis after intra-arterial delivery. To conclude, mRNA-based engineering of stem cells is a rapid and integration-free method and attractive from the perspective of potential future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Cell Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Franziska Nitzsche
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Cell Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Li-Li Cui
- Stroke Recovery Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Stroke Recovery Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter, Neurology, University Hospital of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. .,Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA. .,Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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22
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Das K, Madhusoodan AP, Mili B, Kumar A, Saxena AC, Kumar K, Sarkar M, Singh P, Srivastava S, Bag S. Functionalized carbon nanotubes as suitable scaffold materials for proliferation and differentiation of canine mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3235-3252. [PMID: 28458543 PMCID: PMC5402918 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, numerous potential applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be envisaged, due to their ability to differentiate into a range of tissues on the basis of the substrate on which they grow. With the advances in nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely explored for use as cell culture substrate in tissue engineering applications. In this study, canine bone marrow-derived MSCs were considered as the cellular model for an in vitro study to elucidate the collective cellular processes, using three different varieties of thin films of functionalized carbon nanotubes (COOH-single-walled CNTs [SWCNTs], COOH-multiwalled CNTs [MWCNTs] and polyethylene glycol [PEG]-SWCNTs), which were spray dried onto preheated cover slips. Cells spread out better on the CNT films, resulting in higher cell surface area and occurrence of filopodia, with parallel orientation of stress fiber bundles. Canine MSCs proliferated at a slower rate on all types of CNT substrates compared to the control, but no decline in cell number was noticed during the study period. Expression of apoptosis-associated genes decreased on the CNT substrates as time progressed. On flow cytometry after AnnexinV-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) staining, total number of apoptotic and necrotic cells remained lower in COOH-functionalized films compared to PEG-functionalized ones. Collectively, these results indicate that COOH-MWCNT substrate provided an environment of low cytotoxicity. Canine MSCs were further induced to differentiate along osteogenic, chondrogenic, and neuronal lineages by culturing under specific differentiation conditions. The cytochemical and immunocytochemical staining results, as well as the expression of the bone marker genes, led us to hypothesize that the COOH-MWCNT substrate acted as a better cue, accelerating the osteogenic differentiation process. However, while chondrogenesis was promoted by COOH-SWCNT, neuronal differentiation was promoted by both COOH-SWNCT and COOH-MWCNT. Taken together, these findings suggest that COOH-functionalized CNTs represent a promising scaffold component for future utilization in the selective differentiation of canine MSCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Praveen Singh
- Biophysics, Electron Microscopy and Instrumentation Section
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Xuan J, Feng W, An ZT, Yang J, Xu HB, Li J, Zhao ZF, Wen W. Anti-TGFβ-1 receptor inhibitor mediates the efficacy of the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells against liver fibrosis through TGFβ-1/Smad pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:113-122. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Uchida H, Niizuma K, Kushida Y, Wakao S, Tominaga T, Borlongan CV, Dezawa M. Human Muse Cells Reconstruct Neuronal Circuitry in Subacute Lacunar Stroke Model. Stroke 2016; 48:428-435. [PMID: 27999136 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (muse) cells are endogenous nontumorigenic stem cells with pluripotency harvestable as pluripotent marker SSEA-3+ cells from the bone marrow from cultured bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells. After transplantation into neurological disease models, muse cells exert repair effects, but the exact mechanism remains inconclusive. METHODS We conducted mechanism-based experiments by transplanting serum/xeno-free cultured-human bone marrow-muse cells into the perilesion brain at 2 weeks after lacunar infarction in immunodeficient mice. RESULTS Approximately 28% of initially transplanted muse cells remained in the host brain at 8 weeks, spontaneously differentiated into cells expressing NeuN (≈62%), MAP2 (≈30%), and GST-pi (≈12%). Dextran tracing revealed connections between host neurons and muse cells at the lesioned motor cortex and the anterior horn. Muse cells extended neurites through the ipsilateral pyramidal tract, crossed to contralateral side, and reached to the pyramidal tract in the dorsal funiculus of spinal cord. Muse-transplanted stroke mice displayed significant recovery in cylinder tests, which was reverted by the human-selective diphtheria toxin. At 10 months post-transplantation, human-specific Alu sequence was detected only in the brain but not in other organs, with no evidence of tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS Transplantation at the delayed subacute phase showed muse cells differentiated into neural cells, facilitated neural reconstruction, improved functions, and displayed solid safety outcomes over prolonged graft maturation period, indicating their therapeutic potential for lacunar stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uchida
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology (H.U., S.W., M.D.), Department of Neurosurgery (H.U., K.N., T.T.), and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.K., M.D.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (C.V.B.)
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology (H.U., S.W., M.D.), Department of Neurosurgery (H.U., K.N., T.T.), and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.K., M.D.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (C.V.B.)
| | - Yoshihiro Kushida
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology (H.U., S.W., M.D.), Department of Neurosurgery (H.U., K.N., T.T.), and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.K., M.D.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (C.V.B.)
| | - Shohei Wakao
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology (H.U., S.W., M.D.), Department of Neurosurgery (H.U., K.N., T.T.), and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.K., M.D.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (C.V.B.)
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology (H.U., S.W., M.D.), Department of Neurosurgery (H.U., K.N., T.T.), and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.K., M.D.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (C.V.B.)
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology (H.U., S.W., M.D.), Department of Neurosurgery (H.U., K.N., T.T.), and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.K., M.D.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (C.V.B.).
| | - Mari Dezawa
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology (H.U., S.W., M.D.), Department of Neurosurgery (H.U., K.N., T.T.), and Department of Anatomy and Anthropology (Y.K., M.D.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (C.V.B.).
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Feng J, Wang W. Hypoxia pretreatment and EPO-modification enhance the protective effects of MSC on neuron-like PC12 cells in a similar way. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:232-238. [PMID: 27845038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) based cell transplantation therapy is proved to be an attractive strategy with great potential for improvement of hypoxia induced neural damage. In the present study, MSCs were co-culture with PC12 to investigate its protective effects against hypoxia pretreatment, and the Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, MTT and Anexin V staining were performed to analysis the cellular damage or apoptotic. RT-PCR and Western blotting were further used to investigate the underlying mechanism. The results indicate that hypoxia treatment results in the decrease of PC12 cell viability, yet co-culture with MSC could protect the PC12 from hypoxia induced damage. Hypoxia pre-activated or EPO transduced MSC with up-regulated erythropoietin (EPO) expression could further enhance MSC's protective effect against hypoxia induced cell damage, which was associated with high level of anti-apoptotic p-Akt and ration Bcl-2/Bax, and decreased Caspase 3 in PC12. Taken together, these data suggests high levels of MSC-mediated cyto-protection is closely tied to high gene expression levels of EPO. The up-regulation of EPO for enhanced MSC-mediated cyto-protection may has great potential for the MSC cellular therapy of neural or neuronal injuries induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Feng
- Department of Neurology, The 309th Hospital of PLA, NO17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The 309th Hospital of PLA, NO17, Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Improved Proliferative Capacity of NP-Like Cells Derived from Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Neuronal Transdifferentiation by Small Molecules. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:415-427. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Microvesicles from brain-extract-treated mesenchymal stem cells improve neurological functions in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33038. [PMID: 27609711 PMCID: PMC5016792 DOI: 10.1038/srep33038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was reported to improve functional outcomes in a rat model of ischemic stroke, and subsequent studies suggest that MSC-derived microvesicles (MVs) can replace the beneficial effects of MSCs. Here, we evaluated three different MSC-derived MVs, including MVs from untreated MSCs (MSC-MVs), MVs from MSCs treated with normal rat brain extract (NBE-MSC-MVs), and MVs from MSCs treated with stroke-injured rat brain extract (SBE-MSC-MVs), and tested their effects on ischemic brain injury induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in rats. NBE-MSC-MVs and SBE-MSC-MVs had significantly greater efficacy than MSC-MVs for ameliorating ischemic brain injury with improved functional recovery. We found similar profiles of key signalling proteins in NBE-MSC-MVs and SBE-MSC-MVs, which account for their similar therapeutic efficacies. Immunohistochemical analyses suggest that brain-extract—treated MSC-MVs reduce inflammation, enhance angiogenesis, and increase endogenous neurogenesis in the rat brain. We performed mass spectrometry proteomic analyses and found that the total proteomes of brain-extract—treated MSC-MVs are highly enriched for known vesicular proteins. Notably, MSC-MV proteins upregulated by brain extracts tend to be modular for tissue repair pathways. We suggest that MSC-MV proteins stimulated by the brain microenvironment are paracrine effectors that enhance MSC therapy for stroke injury.
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Li G, Yu F, Lei T, Gao H, Li P, Sun Y, Huang H, Mu Q. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke: mechanisms of action and treatment optimization strategies. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1015-24. [PMID: 27482235 PMCID: PMC4962565 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal and clinical studies have confirmed the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on cerebral ischemia, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we summarize the transplantation approaches, directional migration, differentiation, replacement, neural circuit reconstruction, angiogenesis, neurotrophic factor secretion, apoptosis, immunomodulation, multiple mechanisms of action, and optimization strategies for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke. We also explore the safety of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and conclude that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is an important direction for future treatment of cerebral ischemia. Determining the optimal timing and dose for the transplantation are important directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fengbo Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuxue Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qingchun Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Wang Y, Yu X, Chen E, Li L. Liver-derived human mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic source for liver diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:71. [PMID: 27176654 PMCID: PMC4866276 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive cell type for research and therapy due to their ability to proliferate, differentiate, modulate immune reactions, and secrete trophic factors. MSCs exist in a multitude of tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissues. Moreover, MSCs have recently been isolated from the liver. Compared with other MSC types, liver-derived human MSCs (LHMSCs) possess general morphologies, immune functions, and differentiation capacities. Interestingly, LHMCSs produce higher levels of pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic cytokines than those of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Thus, these cells may be a promising therapeutic source for liver diseases. This paper summarizes the biological characteristics of LHMSCs and their potential benefits and risks for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ermei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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André EM, Pensado A, Resnier P, Braz L, Rosa da Costa AM, Passirani C, Sanchez A, Montero-Menei CN. Characterization and comparison of two novel nanosystems associated with siRNA for cellular therapy. Int J Pharm 2015; 497:255-67. [PMID: 26617318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To direct stem cell fate, a delicate control of gene expression through small interference RNA (siRNA) is emerging as a new and safe promising strategy. In this way, the expression of proteins hindering neuronal commitment may be transiently inhibited thus driving differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which secrete tissue repair factors, possess immunomodulatory properties and may differentiate towards the neuronal lineage, are a promising cell source for cell therapy studies in the central nervous system. To better drive their neuronal commitment the repressor Element-1 silencing transcription (REST) factor, may be inhibited by siRNA technology. The design of novel nanoparticles (NP) capable of safely delivering nucleic acids is crucial in order to successfully develop this strategy. In this study we developed and characterized two different siRNA NP. On one hand, sorbitan monooleate (Span(®)80) based NP incorporating the cationic components poly-l-arginine or cationized pullulan, thus allowing the association of siRNA were designed. These NP presented a small size (205 nm) and a negative surface charge (-38 mV). On the other hand, lipid nanocapsules (LNC) associating polymers with lipids and allowing encapsulation of siRNA complexed with lipoplexes were also developed. Their size was of 82 nm with a positive surface charge of +7 mV. Both NP could be frozen with appropriate cryoprotectors. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency at different siRNA doses were monitored by evaluating REST expression. An inhibition of around 60% of REST expression was observed with both NP when associating 250 ng/mL of siRNA-REST, as recommended for commercial reagents. Span NP were less toxic for human MSCs than LNCs, but although both NP showed a similar inhibition of REST over time and the induction of neuronal commitment, LNC-siREST induced a higher expression of neuronal markers. Therefore, two different tailored siRNA NP offering great potential for human stem cell differentiation have been developed, encouraging the pursuit of further in vitro and in vivo in studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M André
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - A Pensado
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Resnier
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - L Braz
- CIQA-Algarve Chemistry Research Centre, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; School of Health-University of Algarve, 8000-510 Faro, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Rosa da Costa
- CIQA-Algarve Chemistry Research Centre, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - C Passirani
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - A Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Molecular Image Group. Health Research Institute-University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), A Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C N Montero-Menei
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
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Mitchell A, Ashton L, Yang XB, Goodacre R, Tomlinson MJ, Smith A, Kirkham J. Aseptic Raman spectroscopy can detect changes associated with the culture of human dental pulp stromal cells in osteoinductive culture. Analyst 2015; 140:7347-54. [PMID: 26374253 PMCID: PMC4621535 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for the non-invasive characterisation of stem cells to facilitate the translation of cell-based therapies. Raman spectroscopy has proven utility in stem cell characterisation but as yet no method has been reported capable of taking repeated Raman measurements of living cells aseptically over time. The aim of this study was to determine if Raman spectroscopy could be used to monitor changes in a well characterised cell population (human dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs)) by taking repeated Raman measurements from the same cell populations in osteoinductive culture over time and under aseptic conditions. DPSCs were isolated from extracted premolar teeth from 3 consenting donors. Following in vitro expansion, DPSCs were maintained for 28 days in osteo-inductive medium. Raman spectra were acquired from the cells at days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 28. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to assess if there was any temporal spectral variation. At day 28, osteoinduction was confirmed using alizarin red staining and qRT-PCR for alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Alizarin red staining was positive in all samples at day 28 and significant increases in alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001) and osteocalcin (p < 0.05) gene expression were also observed compared with day 0. PCA of the Raman data demonstrated trends in PC1 from days 0-10, influenced by protein associated features and PC2 from days 10-28, influenced by DNA/RNA associated features. We conclude that spectroscopy can be used to monitor changes in Raman signature with time associated with the osteoinduction of DPSCs using repeated measurements via an aseptic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mitchell
- University of Leeds , Department of Oral Biology , Leeds School of Dentistry , Leeds , UK .
| | - Lorna Ashton
- Department of Chemistry , Faraday Building , Lancaster University , Lancaster , UK
| | - Xuebin B. Yang
- University of Leeds , Department of Oral Biology , Leeds School of Dentistry , Leeds , UK .
| | - Royston Goodacre
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Matthew J. Tomlinson
- University of Leeds , Department of Oral Biology , Leeds School of Dentistry , Leeds , UK .
| | | | - Jennifer Kirkham
- University of Leeds , Department of Oral Biology , Leeds School of Dentistry , Leeds , UK .
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FAN JIFENG, LI JIE, FAN QINBO. Naringin promotes differentiation of bone marrow stem cells into osteoblasts by upregulating the expression levels of microRNA-20a and downregulating the expression levels of PPARγ. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4759-4765. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ye JS, Su XS, Stoltz JF, de Isla N, Zhang L. Signalling pathways involved in the process of mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into hepatocytes. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:157-65. [PMID: 25656979 PMCID: PMC6496737 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
End‐stage liver disease can be the termination of acute or chronic liver diseases, with manifestations of liver failure; transplantation is currently an effective treatment for these. However, transplantation is severely limited due to the serious lack of donors, expense, graft rejection and requirement of long‐term immunosuppression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention as therapeutic tools as they can be obtained with relative ease and expanded in culture, along with features of self‐renewal and multidirectional differentiation. Many scientific groups have sought to use MSCs differentiating into functional hepatocytes to be used in cell transplantation with liver tissue engineering to repair diseased organs. In most of the literature, hepatocyte differentiation refers to use of various additional growth factors and cytokines, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), oncostatin M (OSM) and more, and most are involved in signalling pathway regulation and cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions. Signalling pathways have been shown to play critical roles in embryonic development, tumourigenesis, tumour progression, apoptosis and cell‐fate determination. However, mechanisms of MSCs differentiating into hepatocytes, particularly signalling pathways involved, have not as yet been completely illustrated. In this review, we have focused on progress of signalling pathways associated with mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into hepatocytes along with the stepwise differentiation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Song Ye
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming, Kun Ming, 650011, China; Lorraine University and CNRS UMR 7365, Medical College, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France
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Matsumura S, Higa K, Igarashi T, Takaichi S, Tonogi M, Shinozaki N, Shimazaki J, Yamane GY. Characterization of mesenchymal progenitor cell populations from non-epithelial oral mucosa. Oral Dis 2014; 21:361-72. [PMID: 25180458 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The characteristics of cell populations extracted from oral mucosal non-epithelial tissues and their ability to differentiate were evaluated in vitro as a potential source of cells for mandibular and corneal regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral mucosal non-epithelial cells (OMNECs) were extracted from tissue samples and were studied by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. Cells differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, neurocytes, or keratocytes were characterized by RT-PCR and cell staining. RESULTS OMNECs expressed CD44, CD90, CD105, CD166, and STRO-1 antigens, which are markers for mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, Oct3/4, c-Myc, Nanog, KLF4, and Rex, which are expressed by embryonic or pluripotent stem cells, were detected by RT-PCR. Expression of CD49d, CD56, and PDGFRα, proteins closely associated with the neural crest, was observed in OMNECs, as was expression of Twist1, Sox9, Snail1 and Snail2, which are early neural crest and neural markers. Specific differentiation markers were expressed in OMNECs after differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, or keratocytes. CONCLUSIONS Populations of OMNECs may contain both mesenchymal stem cells and neural crest origin cells and are a potential cell source for autologous regeneration of mandibular or corneal stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsumura
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
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Yang X, Han ZP, Zhang SS, Zhu PX, Hao C, Fan TT, Yang Y, Li L, Shi YF, Wei LX. Chronic restraint stress decreases the repair potential from mesenchymal stem cells on liver injury by inhibiting TGF-β1 generation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1308. [PMID: 24967970 PMCID: PMC4611730 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress has been demonstrated to play an important role in several severe diseases, but whether it affects disease therapy or not remains unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potentials in treating tissue injury based on their multidifferentiation potential toward various cell types. We investigated the effect of chronic restraint stress on therapeutic potential of MSCs on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice. CCl4-induced mice were injected with enhanced green fluorescent protein–MSCs, which was followed by chronic restraint stress administration. Corticosterone and RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, were employed in vivo and in vitro, too. In the present study, we illustrated that MSCs could repair liver injury by differentiating into myofibroblasts (MFs) which contribute to fibrosis, whereas stress repressed differentiation of MSCs into MFs displayed by reducing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a solid marker of MFs) expression. Whereas RU486 could maintain the liver injury reduction and liver fibrosis increases induced by MSCs in stressed mice and block the decrease of α-SMA expression induced by stress. Furthermore, chronic stress inhibited MFs differentiation from MSCs by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smads signaling pathway which is essential for MFs differentiation. Chronic stress reduced autocrine TGF-β1 of MSCs, but not blunted activation of Smads. All these data suggested that corticosterone triggered by chronic stress impaired liver injury repair by MSCs through inhibiting TGF-β1 expression which results in reduced MFs differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China [2] Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z-P Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S-S Zhang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - P-X Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chang Hai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Hao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - T-T Fan
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Units, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-F Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - L-X Wei
- 1] Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China [2] Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Gonzales-Portillo GS, Sanberg PR, Franzblau M, Gonzales-Portillo C, Diamandis T, Staples M, Sanberg CD, Borlongan CV. Mannitol-enhanced delivery of stem cells and their growth factors across the blood-brain barrier. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:531-9. [PMID: 24480552 PMCID: PMC4083632 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury in adults and neonates is a significant clinical problem with limited therapeutic interventions. Currently, clinicians have only tPA available for stroke treatment and hypothermia for cerebral palsy. Owing to the lack of treatment options, there is a need for novel treatments such as stem cell therapy. Various stem cells including cells from embryo, fetus, perinatal, and adult tissues have proved effective in preclinical and small clinical trials. However, a limiting factor in the success of these treatments is the delivery of the cells and their by-products (neurotrophic factors) into the injured brain. We have demonstrated that mannitol, a drug with the potential to transiently open the blood-brain barrier and facilitate the entry of stem cells and trophic factors, as a solution to the delivery problem. The combination of stem cell therapy and mannitol may improve therapeutic outcomes in adult stroke and neonatal cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S. Gonzales-Portillo
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Max Franzblau
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chiara Gonzales-Portillo
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Theo Diamandis
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Meaghan Staples
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cyndy D. Sanberg
- Saneron CCEL Therapeutics, Saneron CCEL Therapeutics, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Kanno H. Regenerative therapy for neuronal diseases with transplantation of somatic stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2013; 5:163-171. [PMID: 24179604 PMCID: PMC3812520 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v5.i4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells, which are capable of differentiating in various species of cells, are hoped to be donor cells in transplantation in regenerative medicine. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate in approximately all species of cells. However, the proliferating ability of these cells is high and the cancer formation ability is also recognized. In addition, ethical problems exist in using ES cells. Somatic stem cells with the ability to differentiate in various species of cells have been used as donor cells for neuronal diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer disease, cerebral infarction and congenital neuronal diseases. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermal tissue, umbilical cord blood and placenta are usually used for intractable neuronal diseases as somatic stem cells, while neural progenitor/stem cells and retinal progenitor/stem cells are used for a few congenital neuronal diseases and retinal degenerative disease, respectively. However, non-treated somatic stem cells seldom differentiate to neural cells in recipient neural tissue. Therefore, the contribution to neuronal regeneration using non-treated somatic stem cells has been poor and various differential trials, such as the addition of neurotrophic factors, gene transfer, peptide transfer for neuronal differentiation of somatic stem cells, have been performed. Here, the recent progress of regenerative therapies using various somatic stem cells is described.
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