1
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Battaglini E, Miralles P, Lotti N, Soccio M, Fiorini M, Coscollà C. Analysis of microplastics in commercial vegetable edible oils from Italy and Spain. Food Chem 2024; 443:138567. [PMID: 38295567 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In this work, assessment of microplastics (MPs) in commercial vegetable edible oils from Italy and Spain, including extra-virgin olive oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and mixed seed oil, has been conducted for the first time. The method was based on sample dilution with ethanol:n-hexane (1:3, v/v), homogenization, vacuum filtration on macroporous silicon filters with 5 μm pore diameter to collect MPs, and automatic µ-FTIR spectroscopy for MPs detection and characterization. In the analysis of oil samples, a mean MPs abundance of 1140 ± 350 MPs/L was found. Observed MPs were characterized, being most of them fragments (81.2 %), with particle sizes < 100 µm (77.5 %), and mainly composed of polyethylene (50.3 %) and polypropylene (28.7 %), among others. Statistical analysis revealed that there were not significant differences (p-value > 0.05) in the abundance of MPs between oil samples or types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Battaglini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Pablo Miralles
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy; CIRI MAM, University of Bologna, Italy; CIRI AGRO, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy; CIRI AGRO, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fiorini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy; CIRI MAM, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
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2
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Motta I, Soccio M, Guidotti G, Lotti N, Pasquinelli G. Hydrogels for Cardio and Vascular Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Gels 2024; 10:196. [PMID: 38534614 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death globally, affects the heart and arteries with a variety of clinical manifestations, the most dramatic of which are myocardial infarction (MI), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. In MI, necrosis of the myocardium, scar formation, and loss of cardiomyocytes result from insufficient blood supply due to coronary artery occlusion. Beyond stenosis, the arteries that are structurally and functionally connected to the cardiac tissue can undergo pathological dilation, i.e., aneurysmal dilation, with high risk of rupture. Aneurysms of the intracranial arteries (IAs) are more commonly seen in young adults, whereas those of the abdominal aorta (AAA) are predominantly seen in the elderly. IAs, unpredictably, can undergo rupture and cause life-threatening hemorrhage, while AAAs can result in rupture, internal bleeding and high mortality rate. In this clinical context, hydrogels, three-dimensional networks of water-seizing polymers, have emerged as promising biomaterials for cardiovascular tissue repair or protection due to their biocompatibility, tunable properties, and ability to encapsulate and release bioactive molecules. This review provides an overview of the current state of research on the use of hydrogels as an innovative platform to promote cardiovascular-specific tissue repair in MI and functional recovery or protection in aneurysmal dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Motta
- Alma Mater Institute on Healthy Planet, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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3
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de Mongeot LB, Galofaro E, Ramadan F, D'Antonio E, Missiroli F, Lotti N, Casadio M, Masia L. Combining FES and Exoskeletons in a Hybrid Haptic System for Enhancing VR Experience. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2023; 31:4812-4820. [PMID: 37971913 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2023.3334190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Robotic technology and functional electrical stimulation (FES) have emerged as highly effective rehabilitative techniques for individuals with neuromuscular diseases, showcasting their ability to restore motor functions. Within the proposed study, we developed and tested a new hybrid controller combining an upper-limb exoskeleton with FES to enhance haptic feedback when performing task-oriented and bimanual movement, like pick-and-place, in a virtual environment. We investigated the performance of the proposed approach on eight unimpaired participants providing haptic feedback either only by the exoskeleton or by the hybrid system. The hybrid control presents two different modalities, assistive and resistive, to modulate the perception of the load. FES intensity is calibrated to the subjects' biomechanical properties and it is adjusted in real-time according to the real-time motion of the upper limbs. Experimental results highlighted the ability of the hybrid control to improve kinematic performance: in both hybrid modalities subjects reduced the target matching error(values between 0.048±0.007 m and 0.06±0.006 m) without affecting the normal motion smoothness (SPARC values in the hybrid conditions range from -2.58±0.12 to -3.30±0.13). Moreover, the resistive approach resulted in greater metabolic consumption (1.04±0.03 W/kg), indicating a more realistic experience of lifting a virtual object through FES that increased the perceived weight. The innovation in our hybrid control relies on the modulation of muscular activation during manipulation tasks, which could be a promising approach in the clinical treatment of neuromuscular diseases.
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Guidotti G, Duelen R, Bloise N, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Aluigi A, Visai L, Sampaolesi M, Lotti N. The ad hoc chemical design of random PBS-based copolymers influences the activation of cardiac differentiation while altering the HYPPO pathway target genes in hiPSCs. Biomater Adv 2023; 154:213583. [PMID: 37604040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is a cutting-edge technology aiming to replace irreversibly damaged cardiac tissue and restore contractile functionality. However, cardiac tissue engineering porous and perfusable scaffolds to enable oxygen supply in vitro and eventually promote angiogenesis in vivo are still desirable. Two fully-aliphatic random copolymers of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene succinate/Pripol), P(BSBPripol), and poly(butylene/neopentyl glycol succinate), P(BSNS), containing two different subunits, neopentyl glycol and Pripol 1009, were successfully synthesized and then electrospun in tridimentional fibrous mats. The copolymers show different thermal and mechanical behaviours as result of their chemical structure. In particular, copolymerization led to a reduction in crystallinity and consequently PBS stiffness, reaching values of elastic modulus very close to those of soft tissues. Then, to check the biological suitability, human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) were directly seeded on both PBS-based copolymeric scaffolds. The results confirmed the ability of both the scaffolds to sustain cell viability and to maintain their stemness during cell expansion. Furthermore, gene expression and immunofluorescence analysis showed that P(BSBPripol) scaffold promoted an upregulation of the early cardiac progenitor and later-stage markers with a simultaneously upregulation of HYPPO pathway gene expression, crucial for mechanosensing of cardiac progenitor cells. These results suggest that the correct ad-hoc chemical design and, in turn, the mechanical properties of the matrix, such as substrate stiffness, together with surface porosity, play a critical role in regulating the behaviour of cardiac progenitors, which ultimately offers valuable insights into the development of novel bio-inspired scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Robin Duelen
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Via Salvatore Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity Institute, CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, (PU), Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Via Salvatore Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Argentati C, Luzi F, Aluigi A, Torre L, Armentano I, Emiliani C, Morena F, Martino S, Lotti N. Novel Nanostructured Scaffolds of Poly(butylene trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate)-Based Copolymers with Tailored Hydrophilicity and Stiffness: Implication for Tissue Engineering Modeling. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2330. [PMID: 37630915 PMCID: PMC10459479 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present novel biocompatible poly(butylene trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PBCE)-based random copolymer nanostructured scaffolds with tailored stiffness and hydrophilicity. The introduction of a butylene diglycolate (BDG) co-unit, containing ether oxygen atoms, along the PBCE chain remarkably improved the hydrophilicity and chain flexibility. The copolymer containing 50 mol% BDG co-units (BDG50) and the parent homopolymer (PBCE) were synthesized and processed as electrospun scaffolds and compression-molded films, added for the sake of comparison. We performed thermal, wettability, and stress-strain measures on the PBCE-derived scaffolds and films. We also conducted biocompatibility studies by evaluating the adhesion and proliferation of multipotent mesenchymal/stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) on each polymeric film and scaffold. We demonstrated that solid-state properties can be tailored by altering sample morphology besides chemical structure. Thus, scaffolds were characterized by a higher hydrophobicity and a lower elastic modulus than the corresponding films. The three-dimensional nanostructure conferred a higher adsorption protein capability to the scaffolds compared to their film counterparts. Finally, the PBCE and BDG50 scaffolds were suitable for the long-term culture of hBM-MSCs. Collectively, the PBCE homopolymer and copolymer are good candidates for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, UdR INSTM, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Luigi Torre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Armentano
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, UdR INSTM, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
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Siracusa V, Lotti N, Soccio M, Iordanskii AL. "Polymers from Renewable Resources": Key Findings from This Topic Special Issue. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3300. [PMID: 37571195 PMCID: PMC10422323 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has estimated that about one-third of the food produced for human consumption is currently lost or wasted, resulted in an estimated approximately USD 750 billion of direct costs for food producers every year [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering of the University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering of the University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey L. Iordanskii
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Siracusa C, Quartinello F, Soccio M, Manfroni M, Lotti N, Dorigato A, Guebitz GM, Pellis A. On the Selective Enzymatic Recycling of Poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furanoate)/Poly(lactic acid) Blends and Multiblock Copolymers. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:9751-9760. [PMID: 37425282 PMCID: PMC10324456 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Among novel renewable furanoate-based polyesters, poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPeF) shows outstanding gas barrier properties and high flexibility. PPeF blending/copolymerization with another well-known bio-based polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), leads to considerably better mechanical and gas barrier properties of the latter, making it suitable for flexible food packaging applications. In this work, enzymatic depolymerization of PLA/PPeF blends with different compositions (1, 3, 5, 20, 30, and 50 wt % PPeF) and a PLA-PPeF block copolymer (50 wt % PPeF) by cutinase 1 from Thermobifida cellulositilytica (Thc_Cut1) was investigated as a possible recycling strategy. Based on quantification of weight loss and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of released molecules, faster hydrolysis was seen for PLA/PPeF blends with increasing PPeF content when compared to neat PLA, while the block copolymer (P(LA50PeF50)) was significantly less susceptible to hydrolysis. Surface morphology analysis (via scanning electron microscopy), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and NMR analysis confirmed preferential hydrolysis of the PPeF component. Through crystallization, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid was selectively recovered from the depolymerized films and used for the resynthesis of the PPeF homopolymer, demonstrating the potential of enzymes for novel recycling concepts. The possibility of selective recovery of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from the completely depolymerized films with a 75% yield could bring further evidence of the high value of these materials, both in the form of blends and copolymers, for a sustainable whole packaging life cycle, where PPeF is potentially enzymatically recycled and PLA is mechanically recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Siracusa
- acib
GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Donau, Austria
| | - Felice Quartinello
- acib
GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Donau, Austria
- Institute
of Environmental Biotechnology, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse
20, 3430 Tulln, Donau, Austria
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department
of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Mattia Manfroni
- Department
of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department
of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department
of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Georg M. Guebitz
- acib
GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Donau, Austria
- Institute
of Environmental Biotechnology, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse
20, 3430 Tulln, Donau, Austria
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- acib
GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Donau, Austria
- Institute
of Environmental Biotechnology, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse
20, 3430 Tulln, Donau, Austria
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università
degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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Argentati C, Morena F, Guidotti G, Soccio M, Lotti N, Martino S. Tight Regulation of Mechanotransducer Proteins Distinguishes the Response of Adult Multipotent Mesenchymal Cells on PBCE-Derivative Polymer Films with Different Hydrophilicity and Stiffness. Cells 2023; 12:1746. [PMID: 37443780 PMCID: PMC10341130 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a molecular process by which cells translate physical stimuli exerted by the external environment into biochemical pathways to orchestrate the cellular shape and function. Even with the advancements in the field, the molecular events leading to the signal cascade are still unclear. The current biotechnology of tissue engineering offers the opportunity to study in vitro the effect of the physical stimuli exerted by biomaterial on stem cells and the mechanotransduction pathway involved in the process. Here, we cultured multipotent human mesenchymal/stromal cells (hMSCs) isolated from bone marrow (hBM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (hASCs) on films of poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylate) (PBCE) and a PBCE-based copolymer containing 50 mol% of butylene diglycolate co-units (BDG50), to intentionally tune the surface hydrophilicity and the stiffness (PBCE = 560 Mpa; BDG50 = 94 MPa). We demonstrated the activated distinctive mechanotransduction pathways, resulting in the acquisition of an elongated shape in hBM-MSCs on the BDG50 film and in maintaining the canonical morphology on the PBCE film. Notably, hASCs acquired a new, elongated morphology on both the PBCE and BDG50 films. We found that these events were mainly due to the differences in the expression of Cofilin1, Vimentin, Filamin A, and Talin, which established highly sensitive machinery by which, rather than hASCs, hBM-MSCs distinguished PBCE from BDG50 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.)
- CEMIN (Centro di Eccellenza Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturali per Applicazioni Chimica Fisiche e Biomediche), University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Siracusa V, Lotti N. New Random Aromatic/Aliphatic Copolymers of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic and Camphoric Acids with Tunable Mechanical Properties and Exceptional Gas Barrier Capability for Sustainable Mono-Layered Food Packaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104056. [PMID: 37241804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High molecular weight, fully biobased random copolymers of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) containing different amounts of (1R, 3S)-(+)-Camphoric Acid (CA) have been successfully synthesized by two-stage melt polycondensation and compression molding in the form of films. The synthesized copolyesters have been first subjected to molecular characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography. Afterward, the samples have been characterized from a thermal and structural point of view by means of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and wide-angle X-ray scattering, respectively. Mechanical and barrier properties to oxygen and carbon dioxide were also tested. The results obtained revealed that chemical modification permitted a modulation of the abovementioned properties depending on the amount of camphoric co-units present in the copolymers. The outstanding functional properties promoted by camphor moieties addition could be associated with improved interchain interactions (π-π ring stacking and hydrogen bonds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity Institute, ISOF, CNR, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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10
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Bianchi E, Guidotti G, Soccio M, Siracusa V, Gazzano M, Salatelli E, Lotti N. Biobased and Compostable Multiblock Copolymer of Poly(l-lactic acid) Containing 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid for Sustainable Food Packaging: The Role of Parent Homopolymers in the Composting Kinetics and Mechanism. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:2356-2368. [PMID: 37094251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the exponential growth in the demand of petroleum-based plastic materials, besides the extreme exploitation of nonrenewable resources, lead to the mismanagement of their disposal and to serious ecological issues related to their dispersion in the environment. Among the possible practical solutions, the design of biobased and biodegradable polymers represents one of the most innovative challenges. In such a context, the eco-design of an aromatic-aliphatic multiblock copolymer based on poly(lactic acid) and containing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid was carried out with the aim of improving the properties of poly(l-lactic acid) for sustainable packaging applications. The synthetic method followed a novel top-down approach, starting from industrial high-molecular-weight poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), which was reacted with 1,5-pentanediol to get hydroxyl-terminated PLLA and then chain-extended with hydroxyl-terminated poly(pentamethylene furanoate) (PPeF-OH). The final copolymer, called P(LLA50PeF50)-CE, was subjected to molecular, structural, and thermal characterization. Tensile and gas permeability tests were also carried out. According to the results obtained, PLLA thermal stability was improved, being the range of processing temperatures widened, and its stiffness and brittleness were decreased, making the new material suitable for the realization of films for flexible packaging. The oxygen permeability of PLLA was decreased by 40% and a similar improvement was measured also for carbon dioxide. P(LLA50PeF50)-CE was found to be completely biodegraded within 60 days of composting treatment. In terms of mechanism, the blocks of PPeF and PLLA were demonstrated to undergo surface erosion and bulk hydrolysis, respectively. In terms of kinetics, PPeF blocks degraded slower than PLLA ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bianchi
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Salatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Tabanelli T, Soccio M, Quattrosoldi S, Siracusa V, Fiorini M, Lotti N. Priamine 1075 and catechol carbonate, a perfect match for ecofriendly production of a new renewable polyurea for sustainable flexible food packaging. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Iglesias-Montes ML, Soccio M, Siracusa V, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Cyras VP, Manfredi LB. Chitin Nanocomposite Based on Plasticized Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/PHB) Blends as Fully Biodegradable Packaging Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153177. [PMID: 35956691 PMCID: PMC9370966 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) blends plasticized with tributyrin (TB), and their nanocomposite based on chitin nanoparticles (ChNPs) was developed using melt mixing followed by a compression molding process. The combination of PHB and ChNPs had an impact on the crystallinity of the plasticized PLA matrix, thus improving its oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier properties as well as displaying a UV light-blocking effect. The addition of 2 wt% of ChNP induced an improvement on the initial thermal degradation temperature and the overall migration behavior of blends, which had been compromised by the presence of TB. All processed materials were fully disintegrated under composting conditions, suggesting their potential application as fully biodegradable packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Iglesias-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (V.P.C.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0512090360 (M.S.); +54-2236260600 (L.B.M.)
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Chemical Science Department, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana P. Cyras
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (V.P.C.)
| | - Liliana B. Manfredi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (V.P.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.B.M.); Tel.: +39-0512090360 (M.S.); +54-2236260600 (L.B.M.)
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13
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Perin D, Fredi G, Rigotti D, Soccio M, Lotti N, Dorigato A. Sustainable textile fibers of bioderived polylactide/poly(pentamethylene 2,
5‐furanoate
) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Perin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Giulia Fredi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Daniele Rigotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
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Bloise N, Fassina L, Focarete ML, Lotti N, Visai L. Haralick's texture analysis to predict cellular proliferation on randomly oriented electrospun nanomaterials. Nanoscale Adv 2022; 4:1330-1335. [PMID: 36133676 PMCID: PMC9419736 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00890k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Using a computer vision approach we have extracted the Haralick's texture features of randomly oriented electrospun nanomaterials in order to predict the proliferative behavior of cells which were subsequently seeded onto the nanosurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna 40131 Bologna Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna 40131 Bologna Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS 27100 Pavia Italy
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15
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Quattrosoldi S, Guidotti G, Soccio M, Siracusa V, Lotti N. Bio-based and one-day compostable poly(diethylene 2,5-furanoate) for sustainable flexible food packaging: Effect of ether-oxygen atom insertion on the final properties. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132996. [PMID: 34808204 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of ether oxygen atom introduction in a furan ring-containing polymer has been evaluated. Solvent-free polycondensation process permitted the preparation of high molecular weight poly(diethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PDEF), by reacting the dimethyl ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with diethylene glycol. After molecular and thermal characterization, PDEF mechanical response and gas barrier properties to O2 and CO2, measured at different temperatures and humidity, were studied and compared with those of poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) and poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PPeF) previously determined. Both PDEF and PPeF films were amorphous, differently from PBF one. Glass transition temperature of PDEF (24 °C) is between those of PBF (39 °C) and PPeF (13 °C). As concerns mechanical response, PDEF is more flexible (elastic modulus [E] = 673 MPa) than PBF (E = 1290 MPa) but stiffer than PPeF (E = 9 MPa). Moreover, PDEF is the most thermally stable (temperature of maximum degradation rate being 418 for PDEF, 407 for PBF and 414 °C for PPeF) and hydrophilic (water contact angle being 74° for PDEF, 90° for PBF and 93° for PPeF), with gas barrier performances very similar to those of PPeF (O2 and CO2 transmission rate being 0.0022 and 0.0018 for PDEF and, 0.0016 and 0.0014 cm3 cm/m2 d atm for PPeF). Lab scale composting experiments indicated that PDEF and PPeF were compostable, the former degrading faster, in just one day. The results obtained are explained on the basis of the high electronegativity of ether oxygen atom with respect to the carbon one, and the consequent increase of dipoles along the macromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Quattrosoldi
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Chemical Science Department, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Zubkiewicz A, Szymczyk A, Sablong RJ, Soccio M, Guidotti G, Siracusa V, Lotti N. Bio-based aliphatic/aromatic poly(trimethylene furanoate/sebacate) random copolymers: Correlation between mechanical, gas barrier performances and compostability and copolymer composition. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Bertolini FA, Soccio M, Weinberger S, Guidotti G, Gazzano M, Guebitz GM, Lotti N, Pellis A. Unveiling the Enzymatic Degradation Process of Biobased Thiophene Polyesters. Front Chem 2021; 9:771612. [PMID: 34869219 PMCID: PMC8634338 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.771612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, scientific research focused on the identification of valid alternatives to materials of fossil origin, in particular, related to biobased polymers. Recently, the efforts led to the synthesis of thiophene-based polymers (TBPs), a new class of polyesters based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (TPCA) that can be industrially produced using biomass-derived molecules. In this study, TBPs were synthesized using diols with different chain length (from C4 to C6) leading to poly(butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF), poly(pentamethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PPeTF), and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PHTF), respectively, that were processed to thin films. To investigate enzymatic hydrolysis of these polymer films, cutinase 1 (Thc_cut1) and cutinase 2 (Thc_cut2) from Thermobifida cellulosilytica were recombinantly expressed in the host E. coli and purified. After 72 h of incubation at 65°C with 5 µM Thc_cut1, weight loss and HPLC analysis indicated 9, 100, and 80% degradation of PBTF, PPeTF, and PHTG with a concomitant release of 0.12, 2.70, and 0.67 mM of TPCA. The SEM analysis showed that tiny holes were formed on the surface of the films and after 72 h PPeTF was completely degraded. The LC-TOF/MS analysis indicated that Thc_cut2 in particular released various oligomers from the polymer during the reaction. In addition, the FTIR analysis showed the formation of novel acid and hydroxyl groups on the polymer surfaces. The results showed that the two used thermostable cutinases are promising biocatalysts for the environmentally friendly degradation of TPCA-based polyesters, in view of a possible sustainable recycling of plastic waste through resynthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico A Bertolini
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Weinberger
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity Institute, CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Core Facility Bioactive Molecules Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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18
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Iglesias-Montes ML, Soccio M, Luzi F, Puglia D, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Manfredi LB, Cyras VP. Evaluation of the Factors Affecting the Disintegration under a Composting Process of Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/PHB) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3171. [PMID: 34578071 PMCID: PMC8472262 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall migration behavior and the disintegration under composting conditions of films based on plasticized poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA-PHB) blends were studied, with the main aim of determining the feasibility of their application as biodegradable food packaging materials. The role of composition in the disintegration process was evaluated by monitoring the changes in physical and thermal properties that originated during the degradation process. PLA and PHB were blended in two weight ratios with 15 wt% of tributyrin, using a Haake mixer and then compression molded into ~150 μm films. We found that the migration level of all of the studied blends was below check intended meaning retained in non-polar simulants, while only plasticized blends could withstand the contact with polar solvents. The disintegration of all of the materials in compost at 58 °C was completed within 42 days; the plasticized PHB underwent the fastest degradation, taking only 14 days. The presence of the TB plasticizer speeded up the degradation process. Different degradation mechanisms were identified for PLA and PHB. To evaluate the annealing effect separately from bacteria degradation, the influence of temperature on materials in the absence of a compost environment was also studied. With the increasing time of degradation in compost, both melting temperature and maximum degradation temperature progressively decreased, while the crystallinity degree increased, indicating that the samples were definitely degrading and that the amorphous regions were preferentially eroded by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Iglesias-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Liliana B. Manfredi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.)
| | - Viviana P. Cyras
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata—Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina; (M.L.I.-M.); (L.B.M.)
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Bianchi E, Soccio M, Siracusa V, Gazzano M, Thiyagarajan S, Lotti N. Poly(butylene 2,4-furanoate), an Added Member to the Class of Smart Furan-Based Polyesters for Sustainable Packaging: Structural Isomerism as a Key to Tune the Final Properties. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2021; 9:11937-11949. [PMID: 34513341 PMCID: PMC8424682 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High-molecular-weight poly(butylene 2,4-furanoate) (2,4-PBF), an isomer of well-known poly(butylene 2,5-furanoate) (2,5-PBF), was synthesized through an eco-friendly solvent-free polycondensation process and processed in the form of an amorphous film by compression molding. Molecular characterization was carried out by NMR spectroscopy and GPC analysis, confirming the chemical structure and high polymerization degree. Thermal analyses evidenced a reduction of both glass-to-rubber transition and melting temperatures, as well as a detriment of crystallization capability, for 2,4-PBF with respect to 2,5-PBF. Nevertheless, it was possible to induce crystal phase formation by annealing treatment. Wide-angle X-ray scattering revealed that the crystal lattices developed in the two isomers are distinct from each other. The different isomerism affects also the thermal stability, being 2,4-PBF more thermally inert than 2,5-PBF. Functional properties, such as wettability, mechanical response, and gas barrier capability, were tested on both amorphous and semicrystalline 2,4-PBF films and compared with those of 2,5-PBF. Reduced hydrophilicity was determined for 2,4-isomer, in line with its lower average dipole moment, suggesting better chemical resistance to hydrolysis. Stress-strain tests have evidenced the higher flexibility and toughness of 2,4-PBF with respect to those of 2,5-PBF and the possibility of improving its mechanical resistance by annealing. Finally, the different isomerism deeply affects the gas barrier performance, being the O2- and CO2-transmission rates of 2,4-PBF 50 and 110 times lower, respectively, than those of 2,5-PBF. The gas barrier properties turned out to be outstanding under a dry atmosphere as well as in humid conditions, suggesting the presence of interchain hydrogen bonds. The gas blocking capability decreases after annealing because of the presence of disclination associated with the formation of crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bianchi
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department
of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute
of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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20
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Guidotti G, Burzotta G, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Siracusa V, Munari A, Lotti N. Chemical Modification of Poly(butylene trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) by Camphor: A New Example of Bio-Based Polyesters for Sustainable Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2707. [PMID: 34451247 PMCID: PMC8400230 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the several actions contributing to the development of a sustainable society, there is the eco-design of new plastic materials with zero environmental impact but that are possibly characterized by properties comparable to those of the traditional fossil-based plastics. This action is particularly urgent for food packaging sector, which involves large volumes of plastic products that quickly become waste. This work aims to contribute to the achievement of this important goal, proposing new bio-based cycloaliphatic polymers based on trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and containing different amount of camphoric acid (from 0 to 15 mol %), a cheap and bio-based building block. Such chemical modification was conducted in the melt by avoiding the use of solvents. The so-obtained polymers were processed in the form of films by compression molding. Afterwards, the new and successfully synthesized random copolymers were characterized by molecular (NMR spectroscopy and GPC analysis), thermal (DSC and TGA analyses), diffractometric (wide angle X-ray scattering), mechanical (through tensile tests), and O2 and CO2 barrier point of view together with the parent homopolymer. The article aims to relate the results obtained with the amount of camphoric moiety introduced and to present, the different microstructure in the copolymers in more detail; indeed, in these samples, a different crystalline form developed (the so-called β-PBCE). This latter form was the kinetically favored and less packed one, as proven by the lower equilibrium melting temperature determined for the first time by Baur's equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (G.B.); (A.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Gianfranco Burzotta
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (G.B.); (A.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (G.B.); (A.M.); (N.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science (DSC), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Munari
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (G.B.); (A.M.); (N.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (G.B.); (A.M.); (N.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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21
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Bondi E, Posati T, Sotgiu G, Zamboni R, Torreggiani A, Corticelli F, Lotti N, Aluigi A. Effects of the Blending Ratio on the Design of Keratin/Poly(butylene succinate) Nanofibers for Drug Delivery Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081194. [PMID: 34439860 PMCID: PMC8392087 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been a growing interest in the use of proteins as biocompatible and environmentally friendly biomolecules for the design of wound healing and drug delivery systems. Keratin is a fascinating protein, obtainable from several keratinous biomasses such as wool, hair or nails, with intrinsic bioactive properties including stimulatory effects on wound repair and excellent carrier capability. In this work keratin/poly(butylene succinate) blend solutions with functional properties tunable by manipulating the polymer blending ratios were prepared by using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol as common solvent. Afterwards, these solutions doped with rhodamine B (RhB), were electrospun into blend mats and the drug release mechanism and kinetics as a function of blend composition was studied, in order to understand the potential of such membranes as drug delivery systems. The electrophoresis analysis carried out on keratin revealed that the solvent used does not degrade the protein. Moreover, all the blend solutions showed a non-Newtonian behavior, among which the Keratin/PBS 70/30 and 30/70 ones showed an amplified orientation ability of the polymer chains when subjected to a shear stress. Therefore, the resulting nanofibers showed thinner mean diameters and narrower diameter distributions compared to the Keratin/PBS 50/50 blend solution. The thermal stability and the mechanical properties of the blend electrospun mats improved by increasing the PBS content. Finally, the RhB release rate increased by increasing the keratin content of the mats and the drug diffused as drug-protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Edoardo Bondi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Tamara Posati
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (T.P.); (G.S.); (R.Z.); (A.T.)
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (T.P.); (G.S.); (R.Z.); (A.T.)
- Kerline srl, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (T.P.); (G.S.); (R.Z.); (A.T.)
| | - Armida Torreggiani
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (T.P.); (G.S.); (R.Z.); (A.T.)
| | - Franco Corticelli
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Italian National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (T.P.); (G.S.); (R.Z.); (A.T.)
- Kerline srl, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (A.A.)
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22
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Siracusa V, Lotti N. Poly(Alkylene 2,5-Thiophenedicarboxylate) Polyesters: A New Class of Bio-Based High-Performance Polymers for Sustainable Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152460. [PMID: 34372066 PMCID: PMC8348809 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 100% bio-based polyesters of 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid were synthesized via two-stage melt polycondensation using glycols containing 3 to 6 methylene groups. The so-prepared samples were characterised from the molecular point of view and processed into free-standing thin films. Afterward, both the purified powders and the films were subjected to structural and thermal characterisation. In the case of thin films, mechanical response and barrier properties to O2 and CO2 were also evaluated. From the results obtained, it emerged that the length of glycolic sub-units is an effective tool to modulate the chain mobility and, in turn, the kind and amount of ordered phases developed in the samples. In addition to the usual amorphous and 3D crystalline phases, in all the samples investigated it was possible to evidence a further phase characterised by a lower degree of order (mesophase) than the crystalline one, whose amount is strictly related to the glycol sub-unit length. The relative fraction of all these phases is responsible for the different mechanical and barrier performances. Last, but not least, a comparison between thiophene-based homopolymers and their furan-based homologues was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Agro-Food Research, CIRI-AGRO, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.L.)
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23
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Fusaro L, Boccafoschi F, Munari A, Lotti N. New thermoplastic elastomer triblock copolymer of PLLA for cardiovascular tissue engineering: Annealing as efficient tool to tailor the solid-state properties. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Martínez-Tong DE, Soccio M, Robles-Hernández B, Guidotti G, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Alegria A. Evidence of Nanostructure Development from the Molecular Dynamics of Poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furanoate). Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Martínez-Tong
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM, CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatriz Robles-Hernández
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM, CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angel Alegria
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM, CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia, Spain
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25
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Morena F, Argentati C, Soccio M, Bicchi I, Luzi F, Torre L, Munari A, Emiliani C, Gigli M, Lotti N, Armentano I, Martino S. Unpatterned Bioactive Poly(Butylene 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylate)-Based Film Fast Induced Neuronal-Like Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9274. [PMID: 33291757 PMCID: PMC7729499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PBCE) films characterized by an unpatterned microstructure and a specific hydrophobicity, capable of boosting a drastic cytoskeleton architecture remodeling, culminating with the neuronal-like differentiation of human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). We have used two different filming procedures to prepare the films, solvent casting (PBCE) and compression-moulding (PBCE*). PBCE film had a rough and porous surface with spherulite-like aggregations (Ø = 10-20 μm) and was characterized by a water contact angle = 100°. PBCE* showed a smooth and continuous surface without voids and visible spherulite-like aggregations and was more hydrophobic (WCA = 110°). Both surface characteristics were modulated through the copolymerization of different amounts of ether-oxygen-containing co-units into PBCE chemical structure. We showed that only the surface characteristics of PBCE-solvent-casted films steered hBM-MSCs toward a neuronal-like differentiation. hBM-MSCs lost their canonical mesenchymal morphology, acquired a neuronal polarized shape with a long cell protrusion (≥150 μm), expressed neuron-specific class III β-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 2 neuronal markers, while nestin, a marker of uncommitted stem cells, was drastically silenced. These events were observed as early as 2-days after cell seeding. Of note, the phenomenon was totally absent on PBCE* film, as hBM-MSCs maintained the mesenchymal shape and behavior and did not express neuronal/glial markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering–DICAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ilaria Bicchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy; (F.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Andrea Munari
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering–DICAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Gigli
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’Foscari University of Venice, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy;
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering–DICAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Ilaria Armentano
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIM), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (I.B.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Bloise N, Bruni G, Aluigi A, Visai L, Munari A, Lotti N. Biocompatible PBS-based copolymer for soft tissue engineering: Introduction of disulfide bonds as winning tool to tune the final properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fusaro L, Gualandi C, Antonioli D, Soccio M, Liguori A, Laus M, Lotti N, Boccafoschi F, Focarete ML. Elastomeric Electrospun Scaffolds of a Biodegradable Aliphatic Copolyester Containing PEG-Like Sequences for Dynamic Culture of Human Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121620. [PMID: 33266333 PMCID: PMC7759847 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of artificial prostheses for damaged vessel replacement, polymeric scaffolds showing the right combination of mechanical performance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are still demanded. In the present work, poly(butylene-co-triethylene trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate), a biodegradable random aliphatic copolyester, has been synthesized and electrospun in form of aligned and random fibers properly designed for vascular applications. The obtained materials were analyzed through tensile and dynamic-mechanical tests, the latter performed under conditions simulating the mechanical contraction of vascular tissue. Furthermore, the in vitro biological characterization, in terms of hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility in static and dynamic conditions, was also carried out. The mechanical properties of the investigated scaffolds fit within the range of physiological properties for medium- and small-caliber blood vessels, and the aligned scaffolds displayed a strain-stiffening behavior typical of the blood vessels. Furthermore, all the produced scaffolds showed constant storage and loss moduli in the investigated timeframe (24 h), demonstrating the stability of the scaffolds under the applied conditions of mechanical deformation. The biological characterization highlighted that the mats showed high hemocompatibility and low probability of thrombus formation; finally, the cytocompatibility tests demonstrated that cyclic stretch of electrospun fibers increased endothelial cell activity and proliferation, in particular on aligned scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Antonioli
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation and INSTM UdR Alessandria, University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (D.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Michele Laus
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation and INSTM UdR Alessandria, University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (D.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.L.F.); Tel.: +39-0321660556 (F.B.); +39-051-2099577 (M.L.F.)
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (A.L.)
- Health Sciences & Technologies (HST) CIRI, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.L.F.); Tel.: +39-0321660556 (F.B.); +39-051-2099577 (M.L.F.)
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Dominici F, Gigli M, Armentano I, Genovese L, Luzi F, Torre L, Munari A, Lotti N. Improving the flexibility and compostability of starch/poly(butylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate)-based blends. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116631. [PMID: 32747266 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fully biobased blends of thermoplastic starch and a poly(butylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate)-based random copolyester containing 25 % of adipic acid co-units (PBCEA) are prepared by melt blending and direct extrusion film casting. The obtained films are characterized from the physicochemical and mechanical point of view and their fragmentation under composting conditions is evaluated. The results demonstrate that the introduction of adipic acid co-units in the PBCE macromolecular chains permits to decrease the blending temperature, thus avoiding unwanted starch degradation reactions. Moreover, the presence of small amounts of citric acid as compatibilizer further improves the interfacial adhesion between the two components and promotes the formation of micro-porosities within the films. The synergistic combination of these factors leads to the development of materials showing an elastomeric behavior, i.e. no evident yield and elongation at break higher than 450 %, good moisture resistance and fast fragmentation in compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Dominici
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, Terni Italy
| | - Matteo Gigli
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Venice Italy.
| | - Ilaria Armentano
- Department of Economics, Engineering, Society and Business Organization (DEIm), University of Tuscia, Viterbo Italy
| | - Laura Genovese
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, Terni Italy
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, Terni Italy
| | - Andrea Munari
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Bologna Italy.
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Salatelli E, Lotti N, Munari A. Micro/nanoparticles fabricated with triblock PLLA-based copolymers containing PEG-like subunit for controlled drug release: Effect of chemical structure and molecular architecture on drug release profile. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Posati T, Sotgiu G, Tiboni M, Barbalinardo M, Valle F, Casettari L, Zamboni R, Lotti N, Aluigi A. Regenerated wool keratin-polybutylene succinate nanofibrous mats for drug delivery and cells culture. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Robles-Hernández B, Soccio M, Castrillo I, Guidotti G, Lotti N, Alegría Á, Martínez-Tong DE. Poly(alkylene 2,5-furanoate)s thin films: Morphology, crystallinity and nanomechanical properties. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Soccio M, Dominici F, Quattrosoldi S, Luzi F, Munari A, Torre L, Lotti N, Puglia D. PBS-Based Green Copolymer as an Efficient Compatibilizer in Thermoplastic Inedible Wheat Flour/Poly(butylene succinate) Blends. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3254-3269. [PMID: 32602702 PMCID: PMC8009480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Considering
the current context of research aiming at proposing
new bioplastics with low costs and properties similar to fossil-based
commodities currently on the market, in the present work, a hybrid
blend containing a prevalent amount of cheap inedible cereal flour
(70 wt %) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) (30 wt %) has been prepared
by a simple, eco-friendly, and low-cost processing methodology. In
order to improve the interfacial tension and enhance the adhesion
between the different phases at the solid state, with consequent improvement
in microstructure uniformity and in material mechanical and adhesive
performance, the PBS fraction in the blend was replaced with variable
amounts (0–25 wt %) of PBS-based green copolymer, which exerted
the function of a compatibilizer. The copolymer is characterized by
an ad hoc chemical structure, containing six-carbon aliphatic rings,
also present in the flour starch structure. The two synthetic polyesters
obtained through two-stage melt polycondensation have been deeply
characterized from the molecular, thermal, and mechanical points of
view. Copolymerization deeply impacts the polymer final properties,
the crystallizing ability, and stiffness of the PBS homopolymer being
reduced. Also, the prepared ternary blends were deeply investigated
in terms of microstructure, thermal, and mechanical properties. Lastly,
both pure blend components and ternary blends were subjected to disintegration
experiments under composting conditions. The results obtained proved
how effective was the compatibilizer action of the copolymer, as evidenced
by the investigation conducted on morphology and mechanical properties.
Specifically, the mixtures with 15 and 20 wt % Co appeared to be characterized
by the best mechanical performance, showing a progressive increase
of deformation while preserving good values of elastic modulus and
stress. The disintegration rate in compost was found to be higher
for the lower amount of copolymer in the ternary blend. However, after
90 days of incubation, the blend richest in copolymer content lost
62% of weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Dominici
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Silvia Quattrosoldi
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Andrea Munari
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
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Soccio M, Lotti N, Munari A, Rebollar E, Martínez-Tong DE. Wrinkling poly(trimethylene 2,5-furanoate) free-standing films: Nanostructure formation and physical properties. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Quattrosoldi S, Soccio M, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Munari A. Fully biobased, elastomeric and compostable random copolyesters of poly(butylene succinate) containing Pripol 1009 moieties: Structure-property relationship. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, García-Gutiérrez MC, Ezquerra T, Siracusa V, Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Munari A, Lotti N. Fully Biobased Superpolymers of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid with Different Functional Properties: From Rigid to Flexible, High Performant Packaging Materials. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2020; 8:9558-9568. [PMID: 33796416 PMCID: PMC8007128 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, four fully biobased homopolyesters of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) with a high molecular weight have been successfully synthesized by two-stage melt polycondensation, starting from the dimethyl ester of 2,5-FDCA and glycols of different lengths (the number of methylene groups ranged from 3 to 6). The synthesized polyesters have been first subjected to an accurate molecular characterization by NMR and gel-permeation chromatography. Afterward, the samples have been successfully processed into free-standing thin films (thickness comprised between 150 to 180 μm) by compression molding. Such films have been characterized from the structural (by wide-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering), thermal (by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), mechanical (by tensile test), and gas barrier (by permeability measurements) point of view. The glycol subunit length was revealed to be the key parameter in determining the kind and fraction of ordered phases developed by the sample during compression molding and subsequent cooling. After storage at room temperature for one month, only the homopolymers containing the glycol subunit with an even number of -CH2- groups (poly(butylene 2,5-furanoate) (PBF) and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PHF)) were able to develop a three-dimensional ordered crystalline phase in addition to the amorphous one, the other two appearing completely amorphous (poly(propylene 2,5-furanoate (PPF) and poly(pentamethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PPeF)). From X-ray scattering experiments using synchrotron radiation, it was possible to evidence a third phase characterized by a lower degree of order (one- or two-dimensional), called a mesophase, in all the samples under study, its fraction being strictly related to the glycol subunit length: PPeF was found to be the sample with the highest fraction of mesophase followed by PHF. Such a mesophase, together with the amorphous and the eventually present crystalline phase, significantly impacted the mechanical and barrier properties, these last being particularly outstanding for PPeF, the polyester with the highest fraction of mesophase among those synthesized in the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mari Cruz García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia IEM-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Calle Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiberio Ezquerra
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia IEM-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Calle Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Edgar Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia IEM-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Calle Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Munari
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil,
Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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Soccio M, Martínez-Tong DE, Guidotti G, Robles-Hernández B, Munari A, Lotti N, Alegria A. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Study of Biobased Poly(alkylene 2,5-furanoate)s' Molecular Dynamics. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1355. [PMID: 32560215 PMCID: PMC7361705 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(2,5-alkylene furanoate)s are bio-based, smart, and innovative polymers that are considered the most promising materials to replace oil-based plastics. These polymers can be synthesized using ecofriendly approaches, starting from renewable sources, and result into final products with properties comparable and even better than those presented by their terephthalic counterparts. In this work, we present the molecular dynamics of four 100% bio-based poly(alkylene 2,5-furanoate)s, using broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements that covered a wide temperature and frequency range. We unveiled complex local relaxations, characterized by the simultaneous presence of two components, which were dependent on thermal treatment. The segmental relaxation showed relaxation times and strengths depending on the glycolic subunit length, which were furthermore confirmed by high-frequency experiments in the molten region of the polymers. Our results allowed determining structure-property relations that are able to provide further understanding about the excellent barrier properties of poly(alkylene 2,5-furanoate)s. In addition, we provide results of high industrial interest during polymer processing for possible industrial applications of poly(alkylene furanoate)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelina Soccio
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (A.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Daniel E. Martínez-Tong
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P. Manuel Lardizábal 3, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (B.R.-H.); (A.A.)
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC–UPV/EHU), P. Manuel Lardizábal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Giulia Guidotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (A.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Beatriz Robles-Hernández
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P. Manuel Lardizábal 3, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (B.R.-H.); (A.A.)
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC–UPV/EHU), P. Manuel Lardizábal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andrea Munari
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (A.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (G.G.); (A.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Angel Alegria
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P. Manuel Lardizábal 3, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (B.R.-H.); (A.A.)
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC–UPV/EHU), P. Manuel Lardizábal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Giacomucci L, Raddadi N, Soccio M, Lotti N, Fava F. Biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride plastic films by enriched anaerobic marine consortia. Mar Environ Res 2020; 158:104949. [PMID: 32217303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plastics remarkably contribute to marine litter, which is raising serious concerns. Currently, little is known about the fate of most plastics entering the marine environment and their potential biodegradation rate and extent under anoxic conditions. In this work, biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films by consortia enriched from marine samples (litter and water) was evaluated in anaerobic microcosms. After 7 months, three microcosms showed dense biofilms on plastic surfaces, gravimetric weight losses up to 11.7 ± 0.6%, marked decreases in thermal stability and average molecular weight of the polymer, suggesting microbial attack towards polymer chains. After 24 months, further three consortia showed the same abilities. Microbial communities analyzed at month 24 included taxa closely related to those previously reported as halogenated organic compounds degraders. The study is the first report on PVC biodegradation by marine anaerobic microbes and provides insights on potential biodegradation of the plastic film introduced into the sea by native microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Giacomucci
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Noura Raddadi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Italy
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Quattrosoldi S, Lotti N, Soccio M, Schick C, Androsch R. Stability of Crystal Nuclei of Poly (butylene isophthalate) Formed Near the Glass Transition Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051099. [PMID: 32403402 PMCID: PMC7285351 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tammann’s two-stage crystal-nuclei-development method is applied for analysis of the thermal stability of homogenously formed crystal nuclei of poly(butylene isophthalate) (PBI) as well as their possible reorganization on transferring them to the growth temperature, using fast scanning chip calorimetry. Crystal nuclei were formed at 50 °C, that is, at a temperature only slightly higher than the glass transition temperature, and developed to crystals within a pre-defined time at the growth temperature of 85 °C. The number of nuclei, overcritical at the growth temperature, was detected as a function of the transfer-conditions (maximum temperature, heating rate) by evaluation of the developed crystal fraction. For different size-distributions of crystal nuclei, as controlled by the nucleation time, there is detected distinct reduction of the nuclei number on heating to maximum temperatures higher than about 90 to 110 °C, with the latter value holding for longer nucleation time. Longer nucleation allows for both increasing the absolute nuclei number and generation of an increased fraction of larger nuclei. Heating at 1000 K/s to 140–150 °C causes “melting” of even the most stable nuclei. While direct transfer of crystal nuclei from the nucleation temperature (50 °C) to the growth temperature (85 °C) reveals negligible effect of the transfer-heating rate, in-between heating to higher temperatures is connected with distinct nuclei-reorganization above 85 °C on heating slower than 1000–10.000 K/s. The performed study not only provides specific valuable information about the thermal characteristics of crystal nuclei of PBI but also highlights the importance of proper design of Tammann’s nuclei development experiment for analysis of nuclei numbers. With the evaluation of critical rates of temperature-change for suppression of non-isothermal formation of both nuclei and crystals, the kinetics of crystallization of the slow crystallizing PBI is further quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Quattrosoldi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (S.Q.); (N.L.); (M.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (S.Q.); (N.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (S.Q.); (N.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Christoph Schick
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Lanteri D, Quattrosoldi S, Soccio M, Basso A, Cavallo D, Munari A, Riva R, Lotti N, Moni L. Regioselective Photooxidation of Citronellol: A Way to Monomers for Functionalized Bio-Polyesters. Front Chem 2020; 8:85. [PMID: 32117900 PMCID: PMC7031484 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photooxygenation reaction of bio-based double bond-containing substrates is proposed as sustainable functionalization of terpenes and terpenoids to transform them into polyoxygenated compounds to be employed for the synthesis of new bio-based polyesters. As proof of concept, citronellol 1 has been regioselectively converted into diol 4 using singlet oxygen (1O2), a traceless reagent that can be generated from air, visible light and zeolite supported-photosensitizer (Thionine-NaY). With our synthetic approach, diol 4 has been obtained in two-steps, with good regioselectivity, using green reagents such as light and air, and finally a solvent-free oxidation step. From this compound, a citronellol-based copolyester of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) has been synthesized and fully characterized. The results obtained evidence that the proposed copolymerization of PBS with the citronellol-based building blocks allows to obtain a more flexible and functionalizable material, by exploiting a largely available natural molecule modified through a green synthetic path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deianira Lanteri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Quattrosoldi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Munari
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Riva
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Moni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Quattrosoldi S, Androsch R, Janke A, Soccio M, Lotti N. Enthalpy Relaxation, Crystal Nucleation and Crystal Growth of Biobased Poly(butylene Isophthalate). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010235. [PMID: 31963666 PMCID: PMC7023569 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization behavior of fully biobased poly(butylene isophthalate) (PBI) has been investigated using calorimetric and microscopic techniques. PBI is an extremely slow crystallizing polymer that leads, after melt-crystallization, to the formation of lamellar crystals and rather large spherulites, due to the low nuclei density. Based upon quantitative analysis of the crystal-nucleation behavior at low temperatures near the glass transition, using Tammann's two-stage nuclei development method, a nucleation pathway for an acceleration of the crystallization process and for tailoring the semicrystalline morphology is provided. Low-temperature annealing close to the glass transition temperature (Tg) leads to the formation of crystal nuclei, which grow to crystals at higher temperatures, and yield a much finer spherulitic superstructure, as obtained after direct melt-crystallization. Similarly to other slowly crystallizing polymers like poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(l-lactic acid), low-temperature crystal-nuclei formation at a timescale of hours/days is still too slow to allow non-spherulitic crystallization. The interplay between glass relaxation and crystal nucleation at temperatures slightly below Tg is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Quattrosoldi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy (M.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-Oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-Oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (N.L.)
| | - Andreas Janke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy (M.S.)
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (N.L.)
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Guidotti G, Soccio M, Lotti N, Siracusa V, Gazzano M, Munari A. New multi-block copolyester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid containing PEG-like sequences to form flexible and degradable films for sustainable packaging. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Zamboulis A, Papadopoulos L, Terzopoulou Z, Bikiaris DN, Patsiaoura D, Chrissafis K, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Papageorgiou GZ. Synthesis, Thermal Properties and Decomposition Mechanism of Poly(Ethylene Vanillate) Polyester. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101672. [PMID: 31615018 PMCID: PMC6835731 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics are perceived as modern and versatile materials, but their use is linked to numerous environmental issues as their production is based on finite raw materials (petroleum or natural gas). Additionally, their low biodegradability results in the accumulation of microplastics. As a result, there is extensive interest in the production of new, environmentally friendly, bio-based and biodegradable polymers. In this context, poly(ethylene vanillate) (PEV) has a great potential as a potentially bio-based alternative to poly(ethylene terephthalate); however, it has not yet been extensively studied. In the present work, the preparation of PEV is reported. The enthalpy and the entropy of fusion of the pure crystalline PEV have been estimated for the first time. Additionally, the equilibrium melting temperature has also been calculated. Furthermore, the isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization behavior are reported in detail, and new insights on the thermal stability and degradation mechanism of PEV are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Patsiaoura
- Solid State Physics Department, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Chrissafis
- Solid State Physics Department, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity Institute, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - George Z Papageorgiou
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Gigli M, Quartinello F, Soccio M, Pellis A, Lotti N, Guebitz GM, Licoccia S, Munari A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF) and poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) films: A comparison of mechanisms. Environ Int 2019; 130:104852. [PMID: 31195223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF) and poly(1,4-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) by Humicola insolens (HiC) and Thermobifida cellulosilytica (Cut) cutinases is investigated. For the first time, the different depolymerization mechanisms of PBTF (endo-wise scission) and PBF (exo-wise cleavage) has been unveiled and correlated to the chemical structure of the two polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gigli
- University of Roma Tor Vergata, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Felice Quartinello
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michelina Soccio
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; University of York, Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, YO10 5DD Heslington, York, UK.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Silvia Licoccia
- University of Roma Tor Vergata, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Munari
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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Ding Q, Soccio M, Lotti N, Mahmood N, Cavallo D, Androsch R. Cover Image: Crystallization of poly(butylene 2,6‐naphthalate) containing diethylene 2,6‐naphthalate constitutional defects. Polymer Crystallization 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Ding Q, Soccio M, Lotti N, Mahmood N, Cavallo D, Androsch R. Crystallization of poly(butylene 2,6‐naphthalate) containing diethylene 2,6‐naphthalate constitutional defects. Polymer Crystallization 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- School of Packaging Design and ArtHunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN)Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Institut für Chemie, FG Mikro‐ und Nanostrukturbasierte PolymerverbundwerkstoffeMartin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
- Fraunhofer‐Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen IWMS Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Genova Genova Italy
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN)Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle/Saale Germany
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Chakravartula SSN, Soccio M, Lotti N, Balestra F, Dalla Rosa M, Siracusa V. Characterization of Composite Edible Films Based on Pectin/Alginate/Whey Protein Concentrate. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E2454. [PMID: 31374873 PMCID: PMC6696009 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Edible films and coatings gained renewed interest in the food packaging sector with polysaccharide and protein blending being explored as a promising strategy to improve properties of edible films. The present work studies composite edible films in different proportions of pectin (P), alginate (A) and whey Protein concentrate (WP) formulated with a simplex centroid mixture design and evaluated for physico-chemical characteristics to understand the effects of individual components on the final film performance. The studied matrices exhibited good film forming capacity, except for whey protein at a certain concentration, with thickness, elastic and optical properties correlated to the initial solution viscosity. A whey protein component in general lowered the viscosity of the initial solutions compared to that of alginate or pectin solutions. Subsequently, a whey protein component lowered the mechanical strength, as well as the affinity for water, as evidenced from an increasing contact angle. The effect of pectin was reflected in the yellowness index, whereas alginate and whey protein affected the opacity of film. Whey protein favored higher opacity, lower gas barrier values and dense structures, resulting from the polysaccharide-protein aggregates. All films displayed however good thermal stability, with degradation onset temperatures higher than 170 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Sirisha Nallan Chakravartula
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences- DISTAL, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, P.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Michela Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Balestra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences- DISTAL, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, P.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Rosa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences- DISTAL, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, P.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania (CT), Italy.
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Guidotti G, Genovese L, Soccio M, Gigli M, Munari A, Siracusa V, Lotti N. Block Copolyesters Containing 2,5-Furan and trans-1,4-Cyclohexane Subunits with Outstanding Gas Barrier Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2187. [PMID: 31052594 PMCID: PMC6539254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers are gaining increasing importance as substitutes for plastics derived from fossil fuels, especially for packaging applications. In particular, furanoate-based polyesters appear as the most credible alternative due to their intriguing physic/mechanical and gas barrier properties. In this study, block copolyesters containing 2,5-furan and trans-1,4-cyclohexane moieties were synthesized by reactive blending, starting from the two parent homopolymers: poly(propylene furanoate) (PPF) and poly(propylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PPCE). The whole range of molecular architectures, from long block to random copolymer with a fixed molar composition (1:1 of the two repeating units) was considered. Molecular, thermal, tensile, and gas barrier properties of the prepared materials were investigated and correlated to the copolymer structure. A strict dependence of the functional properties on the copolymers' block length was found. In particular, short block copolymers, thanks to the introduction of more flexible cyclohexane-containing co-units, displayed high elongation at break and low elastic modulus, thus overcoming PPF's intrinsic rigidity. Furthermore, the exceptionally low gas permeabilities of PPF were further improved due to the concomitant action of the two rings, both capable of acting as mesogenic groups in the presence of flexible aliphatic units, and thus responsible for the formation of 1D/2D ordered domains, which in turn impart outstanding barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Genovese
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Gigli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Munari
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
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Giacomucci L, Raddadi N, Soccio M, Lotti N, Fava F. Polyvinyl chloride biodegradation by Pseudomonas citronellolis and Bacillus flexus. N Biotechnol 2019; 52:35-41. [PMID: 31026607 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of high amounts of petroleum-derived plastics in the environment has raised ecological and health concerns. The aim of this work was to study the biodegradative abilities of five bacterial strains, namely Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas citronellolis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus flexus and Chelatococcus daeguensis, towards polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride films under aerobic conditions. Preliminary screening resulted in the selection of P. citronellolis and B. flexus as potential PVC film degraders. Both strains were able to form a biofilm on the plastic film surface and to cause some modifications to the FTIR spectra of biomass-free PVC films. The two strains were then used to set up a PVC film biodegradation assay in 2-liter flasks. After 45 days incubation, fragmentation of the film was observed, suggesting that PVC biodegradative activity took place. Gel permeation chromatography analysis showed a reduction in average molecular weight of 10% for PVC incubated with P. citronellolis, with PVC polymer chains apparently attacked. Based on these results, the P. citronellolis strain was selected for biodegradation assays of two waste PVC films, used either nonsterile or subjected to ethanol sterilization. Chemical analyses on the incubated films confirmed the biodegradation of waste PVC plastics as shown by a gravimetric weight loss of up to about 19% after 30 days incubation. In summary, this work reports the biodegradation of PVC films by P. citronellolis and B. flexus. Both strains were shown to act mainly against PVC additives, exhibiting a low biodegradation rate of PVC polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Giacomucci
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, via Umberto Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Noura Raddadi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, via Umberto Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, via Umberto Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, via Umberto Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, via Umberto Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
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Androsch R, Soccio M, Lotti N, Jehnichen D, Göbel M, Schick C. Enthalpy of formation and disordering temperature of transient monotropic liquid crystals of poly(butylene 2,6-naphthalate). POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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