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Cook PF, Reichmuth C. An Ecological and Neural Argument for Developing Pursuit-Based Cognitive Enrichment for Sea Lions in Human Care. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:797. [PMID: 38473182 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
While general enrichment strategies for captive animals attempt to elicit variable and species-typical behaviors, approaches to cognitive enrichment have been disappointingly one-size-fits-all. In this commentary, we address the potential benefit of tailoring cognitive enrichment to the "cognitive niche" of the species, with a particular focus on a reasonably well-studied marine carnivore, the sea lion. Sea lions likely share some cognitive evolutionary pressures with primates, including complex social behavior. Their foraging ecology, however, like that of many terrestrial carnivores, is based on the rapid and behaviorally flexible pursuit of avoidant prey. Unlike terrestrial carnivores, sea lions carry out this pursuit in a truly fluid three-dimensional field, computing and executing sensorimotor transformations from any solid angle to any other. The cognitive demands of flexible prey pursuit are unlikely to be fully elicited by typical stationary puzzle box style foraging enrichment devices or screen-based interactive games. With this species, we recommend exploring more water-based movement activities generally, and complex pursuit challenges specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Cook
- Social Sciences Division, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
| | - Colleen Reichmuth
- Long Marine Laboratory, Institute for Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Cvitkovic-Roic A, Mikulic D, Turudic D, Milosevic D, Roic G, Matijevic V. Rehabilitation approach and results of using the biofeedback method (GIGER MD device) in children with neurogenic bladder. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1198232. [PMID: 37545722 PMCID: PMC10403197 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1198232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GIGER MD device applies a biofeedback method through stimulated coordinated rhythmic and dynamic movements of the trunk and extremities in an anti-gravity position, thus helping to regain lost motor functions. Methods In this article, the performance of the GIGER MD device was evaluated in 36 children with neurogenic bladder measuring gait speed, voiding bladder capacity, deviation from the age-adjusted bladder capacity (measured using the Koff scale), and urinary incontinence. Results Children using the GIGER MD device had an increase in voiding bladder capacity (33.79%, median volume increase of 50 ml) with a subsequent median decrease in median age-adjusted bladder capacity by 45.50% (median deviation before was 36% vs. 16% after treatment). The number of urinary incontinence episodes also reduced by 55.57% (7-3 episodes per day), and the 20-meter motor gait speed increased by 14.26% (from 23 to 19 s). Conclusion Children who follow the GIGER MD therapy regularly for a period of 6 months show that CNS functional damage can be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cvitkovic-Roic
- Helena Clinic for Pediatric Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijel Mikulic
- Department of Emergency, University Hospital Centre “Sisters of Charity”, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Turudic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danko Milosevic
- Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Roic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Zagreb, Croatia
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Matijevic
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Centre “Sisters of Charity”, Zagreb, Croatia
- Libertas International University, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
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Alexander HB, Allendorfer JB. The relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in people with epilepsy: A systematic review. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 142:109170. [PMID: 36940504 PMCID: PMC10173358 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to systematically review the published literature evaluating the association between physical activity and cognitive function in people with epilepsy (PWE). METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and PsychInfo was performed on June 20, 2022. Studies were excluded if they were not available in the English language, contained animal data only, did not include any original data, were not peer-reviewed, or did not include PWE as a discrete group. PRISMA guidelines were followed. The GRADE scale was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS Six studies were identified with a total of 123 participants. These included one observational study and five interventional studies, only one of which was a randomized controlled trial. In all studies, there was a positive association between physical activity and cognitive function in PWE. Both interventional studies showed improvement in at least one domain of cognitive functioning, though there was heterogeneity in the outcome measures used. CONCLUSIONS There is a potential positive association between physical activity and cognitive function in PWE, but available data is limited by heterogeneity, small sample size, and an overall lack of published studies in this area of research. There is a need for more robust studies to be performed in larger samples of PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley B Alexander
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Pang Y, Luo D, Wang S. miR-128-3p inhibits the inflammation by targeting MAPK6 in penicillin-induced astrocytes. Neuroreport 2022; 33:742-749. [PMID: 36250437 PMCID: PMC9622368 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy causes physical and mental damage to patients. As well known, microRNAs (miRNAs) provide therapeutic target potentials for patients with epilepsy. miR-128-3p was previously reported to be downregulated in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, however, its detailed function in epilepsy is unknown. METHODS Astrocytes function in epilepsy, penicillin-induced astrocytes can be used as a model for seizures in vitro. Currently, the expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined by western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses (RT-qPCR). The expression level of miR-128-3p was evaluated by RT-qPCR. TargetScan 7.1 and dual luciferase reporter assay were used for prediction and verification of interaction between miR-128-3p and MAPK6 3' untranslated region (UTR). Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS We found that penicillin-induced decrease in cell viability, and increase of TNF-α/IL-1β in primary astrocytes. There were lower miR-128-3p and higher MAPK6 in penicillin-treated primary astrocytes. miR-128-3p overexpression rescued penicillin-induced reduction of cell viability, and upregulation of TNF-α/IL-1β, which was partially abolished by MAPK6 overexpression. CONCLUSION Altogether, miR-128-3p attenuates penicillin-induced cell injury and inflammation in astrocytes by targeting MAPK6, thus providing a protective role in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuhua Wang
- Health Examination Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Ji’nan, Shandong 250021, China
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A 10-day mild treadmill exercise performed before an epileptic seizure alleviates oxidative injury in the skeletal muscle and brain tissues of the rats. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1056192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Melo VHD, De Sousa RAL. Exercise-linked consequences on epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:108079. [PMID: 34058490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a brain disorder that leads to seizures and neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Physical inactivity can contribute to worse epilepsy pathophysiology. Here, we review how physical exercise affects epilepsy physiopathology. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed and the mechanisms of physical exercise on epilepsy were discussed. The search was conducted in Scopus and PubMed. Articles with relevant information were included. Only studies written in English were considered. RESULTS The regular practice of physical exercise can be beneficial for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory and stress biomarkers, increasing socialization, and reducing the incidence of epileptic seizures. Physical exercise is also capable of reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety in epilepsy. Physical exercise can also improve cognitive function in epilepsy. The regular practice of physical exercise enhances the levels of brain-derived neuro factor (BDNF) in the hippocampi, induces neurogenesis, inhibits oxidative stress and reactive gliosis, avoids cognitive impairment, and stimulates the production of dopamine in the epileptic brain. CONCLUSION Physical exercise is an excellent non-pharmacological tool that can be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleyś Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Sabaghi A, Heirani A, Kiani A, Yousofvand N, Sabaghi S. The Reduction of Seizure Intensity and Attenuation of Memory Deficiency and Anxiety-Like Behavior through Aerobic Exercise by Increasing the BDNF in Mice with Chronic Epilepsy. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sabaghi A, Heirani A, Kiani A, Yosofvand N, Sabaghi S. Effects of Aerobic Exercise during Pregnancy on Neurobehavioral Performances and Serum Levels of GDNF in Adult Male Mice Offspring. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ahl M, Avdic U, Strandberg MC, Chugh D, Andersson E, Hållmarker U, James S, Deierborg T, Ekdahl CT. Physical Activity Reduces Epilepsy Incidence: a Retrospective Cohort Study in Swedish Cross-Country Skiers and an Experimental Study in Seizure-Prone Synapsin II Knockout Mice. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2019; 5:52. [PMID: 31844999 PMCID: PMC6914755 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy patients commonly exercise less than the general population. Animal studies indicate beneficial effects of physical activity in established epilepsy, while its effect on the development is currently less known. METHODS Here, we investigated the incidence of epilepsy during 20 years in a cohort of participants from the long-distance Swedish cross-country ski race Vasaloppet (n = 197,685) and compared it to the incidence of non-participating-matched controls included in the Swedish population register (n = 197,684). Individuals diagnosed with diseases such as stroke and epilepsy before entering the race were excluded from both groups. Experimentally, we also determined how physical activity could affect the development of epilepsy in epilepsy-prone synapsin II knockout mice (SynIIKO), with and without free access to a running wheel. RESULTS We identified up to 40-50% lower incidence of epilepsy in the Vasaloppet participants of all ages before retirement. A lower incidence of epilepsy in Vasaloppet participants was seen regardless of gender, education and occupation level compared to controls. The participants included both elite and recreational skiers, and in a previous survey, they have reported a higher exercise rate than the general Swedish population. Sub-analyses revealed a significantly lower incidence of epilepsy in participants with a faster compared to slower finishing time. Dividing participants according to specified epilepsy diagnoses revealed 40-50% decrease in focal and unspecified epilepsy, respectively, but no differences in generalized epilepsy. Voluntary exercise in seizure-prone SynIIKO mice for 1 month before predicted epilepsy development decreased seizure manifestation from > 70 to 40%. Brain tissue analyses following 1 month of exercise showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis (DCX-positive cells), while microglial (Iba1) and astrocytic activation (GFAP), neuronal Map2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B intensity were unaltered. Continued exercise for additionally 2 months after predicted seizure onset in SynIIKO mice resulted in a 5-fold reduction in seizure manifestation (from 90 to 20%), while 2 months of exercise initiated at the time of predicted seizure development gave no seizure relief, suggesting exercise-induced anti-epileptogenic rather than anti-convulsive effect. CONCLUSION The clinical study and the experimental findings in mice indicate that physical activity may prevent or delay the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Ahl
- Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, BMC A11, Sölvegatan 17, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Una Avdic
- Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, BMC A11, Sölvegatan 17, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Deepti Chugh
- Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, BMC A11, Sölvegatan 17, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emelie Andersson
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hållmarker
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mora Hospital, Mora, Sweden
| | - Stefan James
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christine T Ekdahl
- Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lund University, BMC A11, Sölvegatan 17, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Iqbal M, Xiao XL, Zafar S, Yang PB, Si KW, Han H, Liu JX, Liu Y. Forced Physical Training Increases Neuronal Proliferation and Maturation with Their Integration into Normal Circuits in Pilocarpine Induced Status Epilepticus Mice. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2590-2605. [PMID: 31560103 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased number of newly-born neurons produced at latent stage after status epilepticus (SE) contribute to aberrant rewiring of hippocampus and are hypothesized to promote epileptogenesis. Although physical training (PT) was reported to cause further increase in neurogenesis after SE, how PT affect their integration pattern is still elusive, whether they integrate into normal circuits or increase aberrant integrations is yet to be determined. To understand this basic mechanism by which PT effects SE and to elaborate the possible role of neuronal integrations in prognosis of SE, we evaluated the effect of 4 weeks of treadmill PT in adult male mice after pilocarpine-induced SE on behavioral and aberrant integrations' parameters. Changes in BDNF gene methylation and its protein level in hippocampus was also measured at latent stage (2-weeks) to explore underlying pathways involved in increasing neurogenesis. Our results demonstrated that although PT increased proliferation and maturation of neurons in dentate gyrus, they showed reduced aberrant integrations into hippocampal circuitry assessed through a decrease in the number of ectopic granular cells, hilar basal dendrites and mossy fiber sprouting as compared to non-exercised SE mice. While SE decreased the percentage methylation of specific CpGs of BDNF gene's promoter, PT did not yield any significant difference in methylation of BDNF CpGs as compared to non-exercised SE mice. In conclusion, PT increases hippocampal neurogenesis through increasing BDNF levels by some pathways other than demethylating BDNF CpGs and causes post SE newly-born neurons to integrate into normal circuits thus resulting in decreased spontaneous recurrent seizures and enhanced spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Iqbal
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xin-Li Xiao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Salman Zafar
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, 1 km Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Peng-Bo Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Wei Si
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Swimming exercise decreases the absence-like epileptic activity in WAG/Rij rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:145-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Positive effect of moderate-intensity aerobic activity on pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptic behaviors in pregnant mice and cognitive performance in adult male offspring. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Effect of Exercise Interventions on Kainate Induced Status Epilepticus and Associated Co-morbidities; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1005-1019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Iqbal M, Rahman MS, Zafar S, Chen XL, Liu JX, Liu Y. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of different exercise programs in pilocarpine induced status epilepticus models. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 73:256-267. [PMID: 28666249 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies testing exercise in animal models of pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and to compare the efficacy of different training strategies used in those studies. METHODS We searched 2 online databases (Pubmed and Web of Science) for studies analyzing the efficacy of different trainings in pilocarpine-induced SE models. Training was categorized into forced physical training (PT), voluntary PT and resistance PT. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study quality, behavioral seizures, and histological, chemical and cognitive outcomes. Data were pooled by means of a meta-analysis. RESULTS Among 17 selected studies; 174 animals from 8 studies with 10 comparison groups showed that exercise intervention after induction of SE significantly decreased spontaneous recurrent seizures with [mean difference (MD)=-1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.22, -0.37, p=0.02] and 60 animals showed statistically significant decrease in latency in Morris water maze (standardized mean difference (SMD)=-2.57, 95% CI: -4.06, -1.08, p=0.0007). Although not statistically significant, still a remarkable increase in number of CA1 neurons and hippocampal BDNF level (MD=2.27, [95% CI: -1.20, 5.73], p=0.19, SMD=1.07, [95% CI: -0.36, 2.51], p=0.14 respectively) and a decrease in mossy fibers sprouting (SMD=-1.03, [95% CI: -3.06, 1.00], p=0.32) were observed. PT interventions in 72 animals before induction of SE showed favorable increase in latency to develop SE (MD=8.34, [95% CI: -3.10, 19.78], p=0.15) but no remarkable improvements in latency for the first motor sign and motor signs intensity. CONCLUSIONS PT after SE reduces the recurrent seizures and improves the morphological, biochemical and cognitive profiles of pilocarpine epileptic models. Resistance PT was identified as particularly effective in reducing behavioral seizures. The efficacy of training was also dependent upon duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Iqbal
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Salman Zafar
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, 1 km Defence road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xin-Lin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Voluntary Running Exercise-Mediated Enhanced Neurogenesis Does Not Obliterate Retrograde Spatial Memory. J Neurosci 2017; 36:8112-22. [PMID: 27488632 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0766-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Running exercise (RE) improves cognition, formation of anterograde memories, and mood, alongside enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. A previous investigation in a mouse model showed that RE-induced increased neurogenesis erases retrograde memory (Akers et al., 2014). However, it is unknown whether RE-induced forgetting is common to all species. We ascertained whether voluntary RE-induced enhanced neurogenesis interferes with the recall of spatial memory in rats. Young rats assigned to either sedentary (SED) or running exercise (RE) groups were first subjected to eight learning sessions in a water maze. A probe test (PT) conducted 24 h after the final training session confirmed that animals in either group had a similar ability for the recall of short-term memory. Following this, rats in the RE group were housed in larger cages fitted with running wheels, whereas rats in the SED group remained in standard cages. Animals in the RE group ran an average of 78 km in 4 weeks. A second PT performed 4 weeks after the first PT revealed comparable ability for memory recall between animals in the RE and SED groups, which was evidenced through multiple measures of memory retrieval function. The RE group displayed a 1.5- to 2.1-fold higher hippocampal neurogenesis than SED rats. Additionally, both moderate and brisk RE did not interfere with the recall of memory, although increasing amounts of RE proportionally enhanced neurogenesis. In conclusion, RE does not impair memory recall ability in a rat model despite substantially increasing neurogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Running exercise (RE) improves new memory formation along with an increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In view of a recent study showing that RE-mediated increased hippocampal neurogenesis promotes forgetfulness in a mouse model, we ascertained whether a similar adverse phenomenon exists in a rat model. Memory recall ability examined 4 weeks after learning confirmed that animals that had run a mean of 78 km and displayed a 1.5- to 2.1-fold increase in hippocampal neurogenesis demonstrated similar proficiency for memory recall as animals that had remained sedentary. Furthermore, both moderate and brisk RE did not interfere with memory recall, although increasing amounts of RE proportionally enhanced neurogenesis, implying that RE has no adverse effects on memory recall.
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Vannucci Campos D, Lopim GM, da Silva DA, de Almeida AA, Amado D, Arida RM. Epilepsy and exercise: An experimental study in female rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 171:120-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhou JP, Wang F, Wang XY, Jiang YS, Yi XQ. [Effects of embryonic lead exposure on motor function and balance ability in offspring rats and possible mechanisms]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:361-367. [PMID: 28302213 PMCID: PMC7390152 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of embryonic lead exposure on motor function and balance ability in offspring rats and the possible mechanisms. METHODS An animal model of embryonic lead exposure was prepared with the use of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats freely drinking 0.1% (low-dose group, LG) or 0.2% (high-dose group, HG) lead acetate solution. A normal control group (NG) was also set. The male offspring rats of these pregnant rats were included in the study, consisting of 12 rats in the NG group, 10 rats in the LG group, and 9 rats in the HG group. The offspring rats' motor function and balance ability were evaluated using body turning test and coat hanger test. Eight rats were randomly selected from each group, and immunohistochemistry and Timm's staining were employed to measure the expression of c-Fos and mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in the hippocampus. RESULTS The HG group had a significantly longer body turning time than the NG and LG groups (P<0.05), and the LG group had a significantly longer body turning time than the NG group (P<0.05). The HG group had a significantly lower score of balance ability than the NG and LG groups (P<0.05), and the LG group had a significantly lower score of balance ability than the NG group (P<0.05). The area percentage of c-Fos-positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region was significantly higher in the HG group than in the other two groups (P<0.05), and it was significantly higher in the LG group than in the NG group (P<0.05). The semi-quantitative scores of MFS in the hippocampal CA3 region and dentate gyrus were significantly higher in the HG group than in the other two groups (P<0.05), and they were significantly higher in the LG group than in the NG group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Embryonic lead exposure could impair the offspring rats' motor function and balance ability. These changes may be related to increased c-Fos expression in the hippocampal CA3 region and abnormal MFS in the hippocampal CA3 region and dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Mendonça FN, Santos LEC, Rodrigues AM, Gomes da Silva S, Arida RM, da Silveira GA, Scorza FA, Almeida ACG. Physical Exercise Restores the Generation of Newborn Neurons in an Animal Model of Chronic Epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:98. [PMID: 28298884 PMCID: PMC5331057 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis impairment is associated with the chronic phase of the epilepsy in humans and also observed in animal models. Recent studies with animal models have shown that physical exercise is capable of improving neurogenesis in adult subjects, alleviating cognitive impairment and depression. Here, we show that there is a reduction in the generation of newborn granule cells in the dentate gyrus of adult rats subjected to a chronic model of epilepsy during the postnatal period of brain development. We also show that the physical exercise was capable to restore the number of newborn granule cells in this animals to the level observed in the control group. Notably, a larger number of newborn granule cells exhibiting morphological characteristics indicative of correct targeting into the hippocampal circuitry and the absence of basal dendrite projections was also observed in the epileptic animals subjected to physical exercise compared to the epileptic animals. The results described here could represent a positive interference of the physical exercise on the neurogenesis process in subjects with chronic epilepsy. The results may also help to reinterpret the benefits of the physical exercise in alleviating symptoms of depression and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio N Mendonça
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Luiz E C Santos
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Instituto do Cérebro, Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão Paulo, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, Universidade de Mogi das CruzesMogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Arida
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilcélio A da Silveira
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-ReiSão João del-Rei, Brazil; Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio-Carlos G Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei São João del-Rei, Brazil
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de Almeida AA, Gomes da Silva S, Lopim GM, Vannucci Campos D, Fernandes J, Cabral FR, Arida RM. Resistance Exercise Reduces Seizure Occurrence, Attenuates Memory Deficits and Restores BDNF Signaling in Rats with Chronic Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1230-1239. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wasinski F, Estrela GR, Arakaki AM, Bader M, Alenina N, Klempin F, Araújo RC. Maternal Forced Swimming Reduces Cell Proliferation in the Postnatal Dentate Gyrus of Mouse Offspring. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:402. [PMID: 27621701 PMCID: PMC5002407 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise positively affects the metabolism and induces proliferation of precursor cells in the adult brain. Maternal exercise likewise provokes adaptations early in the offspring. Using a high-intensity swimming protocol that comprises forced swim training before and during pregnancy, we determined the effect of maternal swimming on the mouse offspring's neurogenesis. Our data demonstrate decreased proliferation in sublayers of the postnatal dentate gyrus in offspring of swimming mother at postnatal day (P) 8 accompanied with decreased survival of newly generated cells 4 weeks later. The reduction in cell numbers was predominantly seen in the hilus and molecular layer. At P35, the reduced amount of cells was also reflected by a decrease in the population of newly generated immature and mature neurons of the granule cell layer. Our data suggest that forced maternal swimming at high-intensity has a negative effect on the neurogenic niche development in postnatal offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Wasinski
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology of Hormones in the Cardiovascular SystemBerlin, Germany; Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Estrela
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline M Arakaki
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology of Hormones in the Cardiovascular SystemBerlin, Germany; Charité - University Medicine BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology of Hormones in the Cardiovascular System Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Klempin
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Biology of Hormones in the Cardiovascular System Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronaldo C Araújo
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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