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Yang L, Lei JF, Ouyang JY, Li MZ, Zhan Y, Feng XF, Lu Y, Li MC, Wang L, Zou HY, Zhao H. Effect of Neurorepair for Motor Functional Recovery Enhanced by Total Saponins From Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. Treatment in a Rat Model of Focal Ischemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:763181. [PMID: 34955834 PMCID: PMC8703076 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. (TTM), is a perennial herb from Liliaceae, that has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine treating cephalgia and traumatic hemorrhage. The present work was designed to investigate whether the total saponins from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. (TSTT) would promote brain remodeling and improve gait impairment in the chronic phase of ischemic stroke. A focal ischemic model of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was established by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Six hours later, rats were intragastrically treated with TSTT (120, 60, and 30 mg/kg) and once daily up to day 30. The gait changes were assessed by the CatWalk-automated gait analysis system. The brain tissues injuries, cerebral perfusion and changes of axonal microstructures were detected by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by histological examinations. The axonal regeneration related signaling pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)/collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) were measured by western blotting. TSTT treatment significantly improved gait impairment of rats. MRI analysis revealed that TSTT alleviated tissues injuries, significantly improved cerebral blood flow (CBF), enhanced microstructural integrity of axon and myelin sheath in the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex and internal capsule. In parallel to MRI findings, TSTT preserved myelinated axons and promoted oligodendrogenesis. Specifically, TSTT interventions markedly up-regulated expression of phosphorylated GSK-3, accompanied by increased expression of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, but reduced phosphorylated CRMP-2 expression. Taken together, our results suggested that TSTT facilitated brain remodeling. This correlated with improving CBF, encouraging reorganization of axonal microstructure, promoting oligodendrogenesis and activating PI3K/AKT/GSK-3/CRMP-2 signaling, thereby improving poststroke gait impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yao Ouyang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Man-Zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Cong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
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Naessens DMP, Coolen BF, de Vos J, VanBavel E, Strijkers GJ, Bakker ENTP. Altered brain fluid management in a rat model of arterial hypertension. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:41. [PMID: 32590994 PMCID: PMC7318739 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proper neuronal function is directly dependent on the composition, turnover, and amount of interstitial fluid that bathes the cells. Most of the interstitial fluid is likely to be derived from ion and water transport across the brain capillary endothelium, a process that may be altered in hypertension due to vascular pathologies as endothelial dysfunction and arterial remodelling. In the current study, we investigated the effects of hypertension on the brain for differences in the water homeostasis. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a 7T small animal MRI system on male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) of 10 months of age. The MRI protocol consisted of T2-weighted scans followed by quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping to measure volumes of different anatomical structures and water diffusion respectively. After MRI, we assessed the spatial distribution of aquaporin 4 expression around blood vessels. Results MRI analysis revealed a significant reduction in overall brain volume and remarkably higher cerebroventricular volume in SHR compared to WKY. Whole brain ADC, as well as ADC values of a number of specific anatomical structures, were significantly lower in hypertensive animals. Additionally, SHR exhibited higher brain parenchymal water content. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a profound expression of aquaporin 4 around blood vessels in both groups, with a significantly larger area of influence around arterioles. Evaluation of specific brain regions revealed a decrease in aquaporin 4 expression around capillaries in the corpus callosum of SHR. Conclusion These results indicate a shift in the brain water homeostasis of adult hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne M P Naessens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram F Coolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith de Vos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ed VanBavel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Deruelle T, Kober F, Perles-Barbacaru A, Delzescaux T, Noblet V, Barbier EL, Dojat M. A Multicenter Preclinical MRI Study: Definition of Rat Brain Relaxometry Reference Maps. Front Neuroinform 2020; 14:22. [PMID: 32508614 PMCID: PMC7248563 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Similarly to human population imaging, there are several well-founded motivations for animal population imaging, the most notable being the improvement of the validity of statistical results by pooling a sufficient number of animal data provided by different imaging centers. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of such a multicenter animal study, sharing raw data from forty rats and processing pipelines between four imaging centers. As specific use case, we focused on T1 and T2 mapping of the healthy rat brain at 7T. We quantitatively report about the variability observed across two MR data providers and evaluate the influence of image processing steps on the final maps, using three fitting algorithms from three centers. Finally, to derive relaxation times from different brain areas, two multi-atlas segmentation pipelines from different centers were performed on two different platforms. Differences between the two data providers were 2.21% for T1 and 9.52% for T2. Differences between processing pipelines were 1.04% for T1 and 3.33% for T2. These maps, obtained in healthy conditions, may be used in the future as reference when exploring alterations in animal models of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Deruelle
- INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Frank Kober
- CNRS, CRMBM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Vincent Noblet
- CNRS, ICube - IMAGeS, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Dojat
- INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Li M, Ouyang J, Zhang Y, Cheng BCY, Zhan Y, Yang L, Zou H, Zhao H. Effects of total saponins from Trillium tschonoskii rhizome on grey and white matter injury evaluated by quantitative multiparametric MRI in a rat model of ischemic stroke. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:199-209. [PMID: 29309860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trillium tschonoskii rhizome (TTR), a medicinal herb, has been traditionally used to treat traumatic brain injury and headache in China. Although the potential neuroprotective efficacy of TTR has gained increasing interest, the pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. Steroid saponins are the main bioactive components of the herb. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective and repair-promoting effects of the total saponins from TTR (TSTT) on grey and white matter damages in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced by MCAO. TSTT and Ginaton (positive control) were administered orally to rats 6h after stroke and daily thereafter. After 15 days of treatment, the survival rate of each group was calculated. We then conducted neurological deficit scores and beam walking test to access the neurological function after ischemic stroke. Subsequently, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and T2 relaxometry mapping were performed to measure infarct volume and grey and white matter integrity, respectively. Moreover, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was carried out to evaluate the grey and white matter microstructural damage. Additionally, arterial spin labelling (ASL) - cerebral blood flow (CBF) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images provided dynamic information about vascular hemodynamic dysfunction after ischemic stroke. Finally, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was carried out to evaluate the stroke-induced pathological changes in the brain. RESULTS The survival rate and neurological behavioural outcomes (Bederson scores and beam walking tests) were markedly ameliorated by TSTT (65mg/kg) treatment within 15 days after ischemic stroke. Moreover, T2WI and T2 relaxometry mapping showed that TSTT (65mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct volume and attenuated grey and white matter injury, respectively, which was confirmed by histopathological evaluation of brain tissue. The results obtained from DTI showed that TSTT (65mg/kg) not only significantly alleviated axonal damage and demyelination, but also promoted axonal remodelling and re-myelination. In addition, TSTT treatment also enhanced vascular signal density and increased CBF in rats after MCAO. CONCLUSION Our results suggested the potential protective and repair-promoting effects of TSTT on grey and white matter from damage induced by ischemia. This study provides a modern pharmacological basis for the application of TSTT in managing ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junyao Ouyang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Brian Chi Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haiyan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China.
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Wang X, Zhang R, Wei W, Jiang H, Gao Z, Lin J, Zhang J. Long-term sequelae of hippocampal lesions in patients with transient global amnesia: A multiparametric MRI study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:1350-1358. [PMID: 28884957 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI signal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensity in the hippocampus in patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) are resolved within several days after the onset of TGA. PURPOSE To use multiparametric MRI to unravel the sequelae of TGA. STUDY TYPE A prospective longitudinal study. POPULATION Eight TGA patients. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0T Siemens Tim Trio MRI scanner with T1 -weighted MPRAGE, diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging, and multiecho gradient-recalled echo sequences. ASSESSMENT Brain MRI scanned within 72 hours, 2 weeks, and 3 months after onset of TGA, respectively. T1 image hippocampus was first segmented into 12 subregions using FreeSurfer and registered to DWI to locate DWI lesion. Then a T1 image with segmented hippocampus was registered to its corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, fractional anisotropy (FA) map, and quantitative susceptibility map, respectively. Finally, the volume, water diffusion and anisotropy, and magnetic susceptibility of DWI lesion were analyzed. STATISTICAL TESTS A paired samples t-test was performed to detect measurement differences between three tests. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlations between all measurements. RESULTS Hyperintensity was detected in the head, body, and caudate of CA1 and hippocampal tail. No significant changes existed in CA1/unit volume across the three timepoint measurements (all, P > 0.480). In Test 1, ratio ADC (DWI lesion / adjacent healthy, rADC) and ratio FA (rFA) decreased below, while ratio susceptibility increased above 1.0. In Test 2, all the episodes normalized around 1.0. In Test 3, rADC remained normalization, but rFA decreased and ratio susceptibility increased again. In Test 1 and Test 3 (vs. Test 2), decreased FA values were accompanied with lower axial diffusivity and/or higher radial diffusivity (all, P < 0.001). Moreover, rFA significantly correlated with ratio susceptibility in Test 3 (r = -0.665, P = 0.039). DATA CONCLUSION Microstructural sequelae in hippocampus were demonstrated, which indicates that ischemic lesions may be associated with TGA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1350-1358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Wenping Wei
- MRI Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongming Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
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Behroozi M, Chwiesko C, Ströckens F, Sauvage M, Helluy X, Peterburs J, Güntürkün O. In vivo measurement of T 1 and T 2 relaxation times in awake pigeon and rat brains at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:1090-1100. [PMID: 28474481 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Establishment of regional longitudinal (T1 ) and transverse (T2 ) relaxation times in awake pigeons and rats at 7T field strength. Regional differences in relaxation times between species and between two different pigeon breeds (homing pigeons and Figurita pigeons) were investigated. METHODS T1 and T2 relaxation times were determined for nine functionally equivalent brain regions in awake pigeons and rats using a multiple spin-echo saturation recovery method with variable repetition time and a multi-slice/multi-echo sequence, respectively. Optimized head fixation and habituation protocols were applied to accustom animals to the scanning conditions and to minimize movement. RESULTS The habituation protocol successfully limited movement of the awake animals to a negligible minimum, allowing reliable measurement of T1 and T2 values within all regions of interest. Significant differences in relaxation times were found between rats and pigeons but not between different pigeon breeds. CONCLUSION The obtained T1 and T2 values for awake pigeons and rats and the optimized habituation protocol will augment future MRI studies with awake animals. The differences in relaxation times observed between species underline the importance of the acquisition of T1 /T2 values as reference points for specific experiments. Magn Reson Med 79:1090-1100, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Behroozi
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Chwiesko
- Mercator Research Group, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ströckens
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Magdalena Sauvage
- Mercator Research Group, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Helluy
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Liachenko S, Ramu J. Quantification and reproducibility assessment of the regional brain T 2 relaxation in naïve rats at 7T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:700-709. [PMID: 27384412 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the reproducibility of T2 relaxation and to determine the statistical power of T2 mapping in the rat brain as a characteristic of the baseline performance of the T2 relaxation as a potential biomarker of neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multislice multiecho spin-echo imaging was utilized to obtain the quantitative T2 maps in 138 naïve rats at 7T. Images were skull-stripped and coregistered to the common anatomical reference. A full anatomical segmentation mask, which included all major brain structures, was created using the same reference T2 map. The overall variability map was also calculated from all T2 maps and the areas with arbitrarily high variability (coefficient of variation >25%) were excluded from the full segmentation mask to produce a trimmed mask. T2 maps were segmented using both these masks and statistical power analysis was conducted in all segmented areas. RESULTS The coefficient of variation of T2 relaxation in different brain areas varied from 5.4% (cerebrospinal fluid) to 1.2% (cortex) when using a full segmentation mask. The use of a trimmed segmentation mask decreased the coefficient of variation in many areas, which ranged between 3.2% (inferior colliculi) and 1.2% (cortex) in this case. As revealed by statistical power analysis to detect 5% change with power of 0.8, the minimum number of observations needed for different areas ranged from 3 (cortex) to 8 (inferior colliculi) in the case of use of a trimmed segmentation mask. CONCLUSION T2 relaxation is a very reproducible MRI parameter of the rat brain with high statistical power, which allows detecting very small changes in groups consisting of a minimal number of experimental animals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:700-709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Liachenko
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jaivijay Ramu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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