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Ye X, Li M, Bian W, Wu A, Zhang T, Li J, Zhou P, Cui H, Ding YQ, Liao M, Sun C. RBP-J deficiency promoted the proliferation and differentiation of CD133-positive cells in vitro and in vivo studies. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3839-3860. [PMID: 35661443 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although Notch signaling pathway could control the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), it is largely unknown about the effect of Notch signaling pathway on the neurogenesis of CD133-positive cells. By using the primary cultured ependymal cells and the transgenic mouse, we found that CD133 immunoreactivity was exclusively localized in the ependymal layer of ventricles, moreover, most CD133-positive cells were co-labeled with Nestin. In addition, recombination signal binding protein J (RBP-J), a key nuclear effector of Notch signaling pathway, was highly active in CD133-positive cells. CD133-positive cells can differentiate into the immature and mature neurons, in particular, the number of CD133-positive cells differentiating into the immature and mature neurons was significantly increased following the deficiency or interference of RBP-J in vivo or in vitro. By using real-time qPCR and western blot, we found that RBP-J and Hes1 were down-regulated while Notch1 was up-regulated in the expression levels of mRNAs and proteins following the deficiency or interference of RBP-J. These results demonstrated RBP-J deficiency promoted the proliferation and differentiation of CD133-positive cells. Therefore, we speculated that RBP-J could maintain CD133-positive cells in the characteristics of NSCs possibly by regulating Notch1/RBP-J/Hes1 pathway. It will provide a novel molecular insight into the function of RBP-J, as well as facilitate a future investigation of CD133-positive cells with respect to their potential application in neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anting Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huairui Cui
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenyou Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Chen ZC, Wang TT, Bian W, Ye X, Li MY, Du JJ, Zhou P, Cui HR, Ding YQ, Ren YH, Qi SS, Yuan YY, Liao M, Sun CY. Allopregnanolone restores the tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons and motor performance in a 6-OHDA-injected mouse model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:1069-1082. [PMID: 32602622 PMCID: PMC7539840 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS It has been reported that allopregnanolone (APα) promotes the neurogenesis of the neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and prevents the decrease of dopaminergic neurons in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated mice by binding to γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR) and then opening voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to explore the possible involvement of GABAAR and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta 3 (CaMKIIδ3) in this process. METHODS 6-OHDA-treated mice and primary cultured midbrain cells were administrated with APα and GABAAR antagonist bicuculline (Bic), and the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs, the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and their fibers, the expression levels of CaMKIIδ3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and motor functions were measured using ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and behavioral test. RESULTS Allopregnanolone significantly promoted the phosphorylation of cytoplasmic CaMKIIδ3 and its nuclear translocation by binding to GABAAR, which, in turn, increased the expression levels of BDNF. This may account for the findings that the exogenous APα enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs, and ameliorated the nigrostriatal system and behavioral performance in 6-OHDA-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Allopregnanolone may directly activate GABAAR, which, in turn, enhance the proliferation and differentiation of NPCs via upregulating the expression levels of CaMKIIδ3, and finally contribute to the restoration of dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tong-Tong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yi Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan-Juan Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huai-Rui Cui
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hua Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen-You Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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3
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Sinchak K, Mohr MA, Micevych PE. Hypothalamic Astrocyte Development and Physiology for Neuroprogesterone Induction of the Luteinizing Hormone Surge. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:420. [PMID: 32670203 PMCID: PMC7333179 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits in female rats sequentially exposed to estradiol and progesterone underlie so-called estrogen positive feedback that induce the surge release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to ovulation and luteinization of the corpus hemorrhagicum. It is now well-established that gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons express neither the reproductively critical estrogen receptor-α (ERα) nor classical progesterone receptor (PGR). Estradiol from developing ovarian follicles acts on ERα-expressing kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V) to induce PGR expression, and kisspeptin release. Circulating estradiol levels that induce positive feedback also induce neuroprogesterone (neuroP) synthesis in hypothalamic astrocytes. This local neuroP acts on kisspeptin neurons that express PGR to augment kisspeptin expression and release needed to stimulate GnRH release, triggering the LH surge. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that neuroP signaling in kisspeptin neurons occurs through membrane PGR activation of Src family kinase (Src). This signaling cascade has been also implicated in PGR signaling in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, suggesting that Src may be a common mode of membrane PGR signaling. Sexual maturation requires that signaling between neuroP synthesizing astrocytes, kisspeptin and GnRH neurons be established. Prior to puberty, estradiol does not facilitate the synthesis of neuroP in hypothalamic astrocytes. During pubertal development, levels of membrane ERα increase in astrocytes coincident with an increase of PKA phosphorylation needed for neuroP synthesis. Currently, it is not clear whether these developmental changes occur in existing astrocytes or are due to a new population of astrocytes born during puberty. However, strong evidence suggests that it is the former. Blocking new cell addition during puberty attenuates the LH surge. Together these results demonstrate the importance of pubertal maturation involving hypothalamic astrocytes, estradiol-induced neuroP synthesis and membrane-initiated progesterone signaling for the CNS control of ovulation and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sinchak
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Margaret A Mohr
- The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul E Micevych
- The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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4
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Wang T, Ye X, Bian W, Chen Z, Du J, Li M, Zhou P, Cui H, Ding YQ, Qi S, Liao M, Sun C. Allopregnanolone Modulates GABAAR-Dependent CaMKIIδ3 and BDNF to Protect SH-SY5Y Cells Against 6-OHDA-Induced Damage. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:569. [PMID: 31998078 PMCID: PMC6970471 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (APα), as a functional neurosteroid, exhibits the neuroprotective effect on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) through γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR), but it has not been completely understood about its molecular mechanisms. In order to investigate the neuroprotective effect of APα, as well as to clarify its possible molecular mechanisms, SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines were incubated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which has been widely used as an in vitro model for PD, along with APα alone or in combination with GABAAR antagonist (bicuculline, Bic), intracellular Ca2+ chelator (EGTA) and voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (Nifedipine). The viability, proliferation, and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, the expression levels of calmodulin (CaM), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ3 (CaMKIIδ3), cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as the interaction between CaMKIIδ3 and CDK1 or BDNF, were detected by morphological and molecular biological methodology. Our results found that the cell viability and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and TH/BrdU-positive cells in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells were significantly decreased with the concomitant reduction in the expression levels of aforementioned proteins, which were ameliorated following APα administration. In addition, Bic could further increase the number of TH or BrdU-positive cells as well as the expression levels of aforementioned proteins except for TH/BrdU-double positive cells, while EGTA and Nifedipine could attenuate the expression levels of CaM, CaMKIIδ3 and BDNF. Moreover, there existed a direct interaction between CaMKIIδ3 and CDK1 or BDNF. As a result, APα-induced an increase in the number of TH-positive SH-SY5Y cells might be mediated through GABAAR via Ca2+/CaM/CaMKIIδ3/BDNF (CDK1) signaling pathway, which would ultimately facilitate to elucidate PD pathogenesis and hold a promise as an alternative therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhichi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huairui Cui
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenyou Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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5
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Ratner MH, Kumaresan V, Farb DH. Neurosteroid Actions in Memory and Neurologic/Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:169. [PMID: 31024441 PMCID: PMC6465949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory dysfunction is a symptomatic feature of many neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the basic underlying mechanisms of memory and altered states of circuitry function associated with disorders of memory remain a vast unexplored territory. The initial discovery of endogenous neurosteroids triggered a quest to elucidate their role as neuromodulators in normal and diseased brain function. In this review, based on the perspective of our own research, the advances leading to the discovery of positive and negative neurosteroid allosteric modulators of GABA type-A (GABAA), NMDA, and non-NMDA type glutamate receptors are brought together in a historical and conceptual framework. We extend the analysis toward a state-of-the art view of how neurosteroid modulation of neural circuitry function may affect memory and memory deficits. By aggregating the results from multiple laboratories using both animal models for disease and human clinical research on neuropsychiatric and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, elements of a circuitry level view begins to emerge. Lastly, the effects of both endogenously active and exogenously administered neurosteroids on neural networks across the life span of women and men point to a possible underlying pharmacological connectome by which these neuromodulators might act to modulate memory across diverse altered states of mind.
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6
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Novais A, Silva A, Ferreira AC, Falcão AM, Sousa N, Palha JA, Marques F, Sousa JC. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Modulation by the Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor Family Member Neudesin. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:463. [PMID: 30534059 PMCID: PMC6275434 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neudesin (Neuron-derived neurotrophic factor, NENF), a membrane-associated progesterone receptor family (MAPR) member, is a neuron secreted protein with neurotrophic properties during embryonic stages. However, its role in the adult brain is still poorly addressed. In this study we have used neudesin-null (Nenf−/−) mice and performed a characterization of the proliferation state of the adult neurogenic niches, the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampus subgranular zone (SGZ). Nenf−/− males did not presented any deficits in proliferation in the SVZ neither in vivo nor in vitro. On the other hand a decrease in cell proliferation in the SGZ was observed, as well as a decrease in the number of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) that was accompanied by impaired context discrimination in a contextual fear conditioning (CFC) task. Since NENF neurotrophic action is suggested to occur via the formation of a progesterone stability complex for the activation of non-genomic cascade, we further evaluated progesterone metabolism in the absence of NENF. Interestingly, expression of progesterone catabolic rate-determining enzyme, 5-α-reductase was upregulated in the DG of Nenf−/−, together with a significant increase in the expression of the δGABAA receptor gene, involved in DG tonic inhibition. Taken together, these findings add in vivo evidence on the neurotrophic properties of NENF in the adult brain. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of NENF in this process might implicate neurosteroids modulation, at least in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Novais
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Neuroscience Domain, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alberto Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Neuroscience Domain, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Neuroscience Domain, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Mendanha Falcão
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Neuroscience Domain, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Neuroscience Domain, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Almeida Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Neuroscience Domain, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Neuroscience Domain, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Neuroscience Domain, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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7
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Mendell AL, MacLusky NJ. Neurosteroid Metabolites of Gonadal Steroid Hormones in Neuroprotection: Implications for Sex Differences in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:359. [PMID: 30344476 PMCID: PMC6182082 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadal steroid hormones are neurotrophic and neuroprotective. These effects are modulated by local metabolism of the hormones within the brain. Such control is necessary to maintain normal function, as several signaling pathways that are activated by gonadal steroid hormones in the brain can also become dysregulated in disease. Metabolites of the gonadal steroid hormones—particularly 3α-hydroxy, 5α-reduced neurosteroids—are synthesized in the brain and can act through different mechanisms from their parent steroids. These metabolites may provide a mechanism for modulating the responses to their precursor hormones, thereby providing a regulatory influence on cellular responses. In addition, there is evidence that the 3α-hydroxy, 5α-reduced neurosteroids are neuroprotective in their own right, and therefore may contribute to the overall protection conferred by their precursors. In this review article, the rapidly growing body of evidence supporting a neuroprotective role for this class of neurosteroids will be considered, including a discussion of potential mechanisms that may be involved. In addition, we explore the hypothesis that differences between males and females in local neurosteroid production may contribute to sex differences in the development of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Loren Mendell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Neil James MacLusky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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8
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Cai H, Cao T, Zhou X, Yao JK. Neurosteroids in Schizophrenia: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:73. [PMID: 29568275 PMCID: PMC5852066 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosteroids are a group of important endogenous molecules affecting many neural functions in the brain. Increasing evidence suggests a possible role of these neurosteroids in the pathology and symptomatology of schizophrenia (SZ) and other mental disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the neural functions of neurosteroids in the brain, and to evaluate the role of the key neurosteroids as candidate modulators in the etiology and therapeutics of SZ. The present paper provides a brief introduction of neurosteroid metabolism and distribution, followed by a discussion of the mechanisms underlying neurosteroid actions in the brain. The content regarding the modulation of the GABAA receptor is elaborated, given the considerable knowledge of its interactions with other neurotransmitter and neuroprotective systems, as well as its ameliorating effects on stress that may play a role in the SZ pathophysiology. In addition, several preclinical and clinical studies suggested a therapeutic benefit of neurosteroids in SZ patients, even though the presence of altered neurosteroid pathways in the circulating blood and/or brain remains debatable. Following treatment of antipsychotic drugs in SZ, therapeutic benefits have also been linked to the regulation of neurosteroid signaling. Specifically, the neurosteroids such as pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone affect a broad spectrum of behavioral functions through their unique molecular characteristics and may represent innovative therapeutic targets for SZ. Future investigations in larger cohorts with long-term follow-ups will be required to ascertain the neuropsychopharmacological role of this yet unexploited class of neurosteroid agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuaLin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Medical Research Service, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Yao
- Medical Research Service, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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9
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Diotel N, Charlier TD, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Couret D, Trudeau VL, Nicolau JC, Meilhac O, Kah O, Pellegrini E. Steroid Transport, Local Synthesis, and Signaling within the Brain: Roles in Neurogenesis, Neuroprotection, and Sexual Behaviors. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:84. [PMID: 29515356 PMCID: PMC5826223 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol and exert pleiotropic effects notably in the central nervous system. Pioneering studies from Baulieu and colleagues have suggested that steroids are also locally-synthesized in the brain. Such steroids, called neurosteroids, can rapidly modulate neuronal excitability and functions, brain plasticity, and behavior. Accumulating data obtained on a wide variety of species demonstrate that neurosteroidogenesis is an evolutionary conserved feature across fish, birds, and mammals. In this review, we will first document neurosteroidogenesis and steroid signaling for estrogens, progestagens, and androgens in the brain of teleost fish, birds, and mammals. We will next consider the effects of sex steroids in homeostatic and regenerative neurogenesis, in neuroprotection, and in sexual behaviors. In a last part, we will discuss the transport of steroids and lipoproteins from the periphery within the brain (and vice-versa) and document their effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and on neuroprotection. We will emphasize the potential interaction between lipoproteins and sex steroids, addressing the beneficial effects of steroids and lipoproteins, particularly HDL-cholesterol, against the breakdown of the BBB reported to occur during brain ischemic stroke. We will consequently highlight the potential anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of sex steroid and lipoproteins, these latest improving cholesterol and steroid ester transport within the brain after insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Thierry D. Charlier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Université de La Réunion, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - David Couret
- Université de La Réunion, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | | | - Joel C. Nicolau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Olivier Kah
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Elisabeth Pellegrini
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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10
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Ponti G, Farinetti A, Marraudino M, Panzica G, Gotti S. Sex Steroids and Adult Neurogenesis in the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:156. [PMID: 29686651 PMCID: PMC5900029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The forebrain ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) continuously generates new neurons throughout life. Neural stem cells (type B1 cells) along the lateral ventricle become activated, self-renew, and give rise to proliferating precursors which progress along the neurogenic lineage from intermediate progenitors (type C cells) to neuroblasts (type A cells). Neuroblasts proliferate and migrate into the olfactory bulb and differentiate into different interneuronal types. Multiple factors regulate each step of this process. Newly generated olfactory bulb interneurons are an important relay station in the olfactory circuits, controlling social recognition, reproductive behavior, and parental care. Those behaviors are strongly sexually dimorphic and changes throughout life from puberty through aging and in the reproductive age during estrous cycle and gestation. Despite the key role of sex hormones in regulating those behaviors, their contribution in modulating adult neurogenesis in V-SVZ is underestimated. Here, we compare the literature highlighting the sexual dimorphism and the differences across the physiological phases of the animal for the different cell types and steps through the neurogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ponti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco,Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Ponti,
| | - Alice Farinetti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Marraudino
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Gotti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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11
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Newborn dopaminergic neurons are associated with the migration and differentiation of SVZ-derived neural progenitors in a 6-hydroxydopamin-injected mouse model. Neuroscience 2017; 352:64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Khan A, Corbett A, Ballard C. Emerging amyloid and tau targeting treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:697-711. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1326819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Corbett
- King’s College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- King’s College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK
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13
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Khan A, Corbett A, Ballard C. Emerging treatments for Alzheimer's disease for non-amyloid and non-tau targets. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:683-695. [PMID: 28490260 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1326818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of people with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, is growing as a result of an ageing global population. Treatments available for AD only alleviate the symptoms of the disease, and are effective in some people with AD for a limited time. There is no disease-modifying treatment available, and despite research efforts, the underlying mechanisms of AD and optimal treatment targets have not been fully elucidated. Amyloid and tau are key pathological markers of AD with ongoing trials targeting both. However, there are also many trials at various stages of development that primarily target other markers and processes implicated in the disease, which are now being investigated. Areas covered: This review summarizes current treatment approaches for AD and explores both repositioned and novel therapies that target non amyloid and non tau mechanisms that are in the clinical trials pipeline. This includes treatments for cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms and potentially disease modifying therapies. The studies included in this review have been obtained from searches of PubMed and clinical trials databases. Expert commentary: There is a renewed energy in identifying better treatments for behavioural symptoms of AD using both novel drugs and repositioning existing drugs. Lack of success in clinical trials of drugs targeting amyloid and tau have led to a surge in targeting alternative mechanisms. Progress in the development of biomarkers will provide further tools for clinical trials of potential therapeutics for both symptomatic treatment and disease modification in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- a Institute for NanoBiotechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Anne Corbett
- b King's College London , Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases , London , UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- b King's College London , Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases , London , UK
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14
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Current Opinion on the Role of Neurogenesis in the Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, and Ischemic Stroke; Considering Neuronal Voiding Function. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:276-287. [PMID: 28043116 PMCID: PMC5209581 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632776.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and ischemic stroke have increased in occurrence and become important health issues throughout the world. There is currently no effective therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological deficits after the development of these major neurological disorders. In recent years, it has become accepted that adult neural stem cells located in the subventricular and subgranular zones have the ability to proliferate and differentiate in order to replace lost or damaged neural cells. There have been many limitations in the clinical application of both endogenous and exogenous neurogenesis for neurological disorders. However, many studies have investigated novel mechanisms in neurogenesis and have shown that these limitations can potentially be overcome with appropriate stimulation and various approaches. We will review concepts related to possible therapeutic strategies focused on the perspective of neurogenesis for the treatment of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and ischemic stroke based on current reports.
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15
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Leppä E, Linden AM, Aller MI, Wulff P, Vekovischeva O, Luscher B, Lüddens H, Wisden W, Korpi ER. Increased Motor-Impairing Effects of the Neuroactive Steroid Pregnanolone in Mice with Targeted Inactivation of the GABA A Receptor γ2 Subunit in the Cerebellum. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:403. [PMID: 27833556 PMCID: PMC5081378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous neurosteroids and neuroactive steroids have potent and widespread actions on the brain via inhibitory GABAA receptors. In recombinant receptors and genetic mouse models their actions depend on the α, β, and δ subunits of the receptor, especially on those that form extrasynaptic GABAA receptors responsible for non-synaptic (tonic) inhibition, but they also act on synaptically enriched γ2 subunit-containing receptors and even on αβ binary receptors. Here we tested whether behavioral sensitivity to the neuroactive steroid agonist 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one is altered in genetically engineered mouse models that have deficient GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic inhibition in selected neuronal populations. Mouse lines with the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit gene selectively deleted either in parvalbumin-containing cells (including cerebellar Purkinje cells), cerebellar granule cells, or just in cerebellar Purkinje cells were trained on the accelerated rotating rod and then tested for motor impairment after cumulative intraperitoneal dosing of 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one. Motor-impairing effects of 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one were strongly increased in all three mouse models in which γ2 subunit-dependent synaptic GABAA responses in cerebellar neurons were genetically abolished. Furthermore, rescue of postsynaptic GABAA receptors in Purkinje cells normalized the effect of the steroid. Anxiolytic/explorative effects of the steroid in elevated plus maze and light:dark exploration tests in mice with Purkinje cell γ2 subunit inactivation were similar to those in control mice. The results suggest that, when the deletion of γ2 subunit has removed synaptic GABAA receptors from the specific cerebellar neuronal populations, the effects of neuroactive steroids solely on extrasynaptic αβ or αβδ receptors lead to enhanced changes in the cerebellum-generated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Leppä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni-Maija Linden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria I Aller
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Peer Wulff
- Institute of Physiology, University of Kiel Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Vekovischeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bernhard Luscher
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hartmut Lüddens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Feinstein DL, Kalinin S, Braun D. Causes, consequences, and cures for neuroinflammation mediated via the locus coeruleus: noradrenergic signaling system. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:154-178. [PMID: 26968403 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aside from its roles in as a classical neurotransmitter involved in regulation of behavior, noradrenaline (NA) has other functions in the CNS. This includes restricting the development of neuroinflammatory activation, providing neurotrophic support to neurons, and providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress. In recent years, it has become evident that disruption of physiological NA levels or signaling is a contributing factor to a variety of neurological diseases and conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Multiple Sclerosis. The basis for dysregulation in these diseases is, in many cases, due to damage occurring to noradrenergic neurons present in the locus coeruleus (LC), the major source of NA in the CNS. LC damage is present in AD, multiple sclerosis, and a large number of other diseases and conditions. Studies using animal models have shown that experimentally induced lesion of LC neurons exacerbates neuropathology while treatments to compensate for NA depletion, or to reduce LC neuronal damage, provide benefit. In this review, we will summarize the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of NA, summarize examples of how LC damage worsens disease, and discuss several approaches taken to treat or prevent reductions in NA levels and LC neuronal damage. Further understanding of these events will be of value for the development of treatments for AD, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases and conditions having a neuroinflammatory component. The classical neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) has critical roles in modulating behaviors including those involved in sleep, anxiety, and depression. However, NA can also elicit anti-inflammatory responses in glial cells, can increase neuronal viability by inducing neurotrophic factor expression, and can reduce neuronal damage due to oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. NA is primarily produced by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), a relatively small brainstem nucleus near the IVth ventricle which sends projections throughout the brain and spinal cord. It has been known for close to 50 years that LC neurons are lost during normal aging, and that loss is exacerbated in neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. LC neuronal damage and glial activation has now been documented in a variety of other neurological conditions and diseases, however, the causes of LC damage and cell loss remain largely unknown. A number of approaches have been developed to address the loss of NA and increased inflammation associated with LC damage, and several methods are being explored to directly minimize the extent of LC neuronal cell loss or function. In this review, we will summarize some of the consequences of LC loss, consider several factors that likely contribute to that loss, and discuss various ways that have been used to increase NA or to reduce LC damage. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sergey Kalinin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Braun
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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