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Odnoshivkina JG, Sibgatullina GV, Petrov AM. Lipid-dependent regulation of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerve endings in mice atria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184197. [PMID: 37394027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release from sympathetic terminals is a key avenue for heart regulation. Herein, presynaptic exocytotic activity was monitored in mice atrial tissue using a false fluorescent neurotransmitter FFN511, a substrate for monoamine transporters. FFN511 labeling had similarity with tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining. High [K+]o depolarization caused FFN511 release, which was augmented by reserpine, an inhibitor of neurotransmitter uptake. However, reserpine lost the ability to increase depolarization-induced FFN511 unloading after depletion of ready releasable pool with hyperosmotic sucrose. Cholesterol oxidase and sphingomyelinase modified atrial membranes, changing in opposite manner fluorescence of lipid ordering-sensitive probe. Plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation increased FFN511 release upon K+-depolarization and more markedly potentiated FFN511 unloading in the presence of reserpine. Hydrolysis of plasmalemmal sphingomyelin profoundly enhanced the rate of FFN511 loss due to K+-depolarization, but completely prevented potentiating action of reserpine on FFN511 unloading. If cholesterol oxidase or sphingomyelinase got access to membranes of recycling synaptic vesicles, then the enzyme effects were suppressed. Hence, a fast neurotransmitter reuptake dependent on exocytosis of vesicles from ready releasable pool occurs during presynaptic activity. This reuptake can be enhanced or inhibited by plasmalemmal cholesterol oxidation or sphingomyelin hydrolysis, respectively. These modifications of plasmalemmal (but not vesicular) lipids increase the evoked neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Odnoshivkina
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Guzel V Sibgatullina
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia.
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2
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Mukhamedyarov MA, Khabibrakhmanov AN, Khuzakhmetova VF, Giniatullin AR, Zakirjanova GF, Zhilyakov NV, Mukhutdinova KA, Samigullin DV, Grigoryev PN, Zakharov AV, Zefirov AL, Petrov AM. Early Alterations in Structural and Functional Properties in the Neuromuscular Junctions of Mutant FUS Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9022. [PMID: 37240370 PMCID: PMC10218837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is manifested as skeletal muscle denervation, loss of motor neurons and finally severe respiratory failure. Mutations of RNA-binding protein FUS are one of the common genetic reasons of ALS accompanied by a 'dying back' type of degeneration. Using fluorescent approaches and microelectrode recordings, the early structural and functional alterations in diaphragm neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were studied in mutant FUS mice at the pre-onset stage. Lipid peroxidation and decreased staining with a lipid raft marker were found in the mutant mice. Despite the preservation of the end-plate structure, immunolabeling revealed an increase in levels of presynaptic proteins, SNAP-25 and synapsin 1. The latter can restrain Ca2+-dependent synaptic vesicle mobilization. Indeed, neurotransmitter release upon intense nerve stimulation and its recovery after tetanus and compensatory synaptic vesicle endocytosis were markedly depressed in FUS mice. There was a trend to attenuation of axonal [Ca2+]in increase upon nerve stimulation at 20 Hz. However, no changes in neurotransmitter release and the intraterminal Ca2+ transient in response to low frequency stimulation or in quantal content and the synchrony of neurotransmitter release at low levels of external Ca2+ were detected. At a later stage, shrinking and fragmentation of end plates together with a decrease in presynaptic protein expression and disturbance of the neurotransmitter release timing occurred. Overall, suppression of synaptic vesicle exo-endocytosis upon intense activity probably due to alterations in membrane properties, synapsin 1 levels and Ca2+ kinetics could be an early sign of nascent NMJ pathology, which leads to neuromuscular contact disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat A. Mukhamedyarov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Aydar N. Khabibrakhmanov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Venera F. Khuzakhmetova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
| | - Arthur R. Giniatullin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
| | - Guzalia F. Zakirjanova
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
| | - Nikita V. Zhilyakov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
| | - Kamilla A. Mukhutdinova
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Dmitry V. Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
- Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies, Kazan National Research Technical University, 10 K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Pavel N. Grigoryev
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Andrey V. Zakharov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Andrey L. Zefirov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
| | - Alexey M. Petrov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova St., Kazan 420012, Russia; (M.A.M.)
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center ‘‘Kazan Scientific Center of RAS”, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., P.O. Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia (N.V.Z.)
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3
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Villanueva J, Gimenez-Molina Y, Davletov B, Gutiérrez LM. Vesicle Fusion as a Target Process for the Action of Sphingosine and Its Derived Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031086. [PMID: 35163009 PMCID: PMC8834808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of membranes is a central part of the physiological processes involving the intracellular transport and maturation of vesicles and the final release of their contents, such as neurotransmitters and hormones, by exocytosis. Traditionally, in this process, proteins, such SNAREs have been considered the essential components of the fusion molecular machinery, while lipids have been seen as merely structural elements. Nevertheless, sphingosine, an intracellular signalling lipid, greatly increases the release of neurotransmitters in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, affecting the exocytotic fusion mode through the direct interaction with SNAREs. Moreover, recent studies suggest that FTY-720 (Fingolimod), a sphingosine structural analogue used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, simulates sphingosine in the promotion of exocytosis. Furthermore, this drug also induces the intracellular fusion of organelles such as dense vesicles and mitochondria causing cell death in neuroendocrine cells. Therefore, the effect of sphingosine and synthetic derivatives on the heterologous and homologous fusion of organelles can be considered as a new mechanism of action of sphingolipids influencing important physiological processes, which could underlie therapeutic uses of sphingosine derived lipids in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and cancers of neuronal origin such neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Cra de Valencia S/N, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (L.M.G.)
| | - Yolanda Gimenez-Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Cra de Valencia S/N, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Bazbek Davletov
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Luis M. Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Cra de Valencia S/N, Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (L.M.G.)
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4
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Joensuu M, Wallis TP, Saber SH, Meunier FA. Phospholipases in neuronal function: A role in learning and memory? J Neurochem 2020; 153:300-333. [PMID: 31745996 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the human brain being made of nearly 60% fat, the vast majority of studies on the mechanisms of neuronal communication which underpin cognition, memory and learning, primarily focus on proteins and/or (epi)genetic mechanisms. Phospholipids are the main component of all cellular membranes and function as substrates for numerous phospholipid-modifying enzymes, including phospholipases, which release free fatty acids (FFAs) and other lipid metabolites that can alter the intrinsic properties of the membranes, recruit and activate critical proteins, and act as lipid signalling molecules. Here, we will review brain specific phospholipases, their roles in membrane remodelling, neuronal function, learning and memory, as well as their disease implications. In particular, we will highlight key roles of unsaturated FFAs, particularly arachidonic acid, in neurotransmitter release, neuroinflammation and memory. In light of recent findings, we will also discuss the emerging role of phospholipase A1 and the creation of saturated FFAs in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Joensuu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Saber H Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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5
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Gimenez-Molina Y, García-Martínez V, Villanueva J, Davletov B, Gutiérrez LM. Multiple sclerosis drug FTY-720 toxicity is mediated by the heterotypic fusion of organelles in neuroendocrine cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18471. [PMID: 31804600 PMCID: PMC6895052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
FTY-720 (Fingolimod) was one of the first compounds authorized for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Among its other activities, this sphingosine analogue enhances exocytosis in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells, altering the quantal release of catecholamines. Surprisingly, the size of chromaffin granules is reduced within few minutes of treatment, a process that is paralleled by the homotypic fusion of granules and their heterotypic fusion with mitochondria, as witnessed by dynamic confocal and TIRF microscopy. Electron microscopy studies support these observations, revealing the fusion of several vesicles with individual mitochondria to form large, round mixed organelles. This cross-fusion is SNARE-dependent, being partially prevented by the expression of an inactive form of SNAP-25. Fused mitochondria exhibit an altered redox potential, which dramatically enhances cell death. Therefore, the cross-fusion of intracellular organelles appears to be a new mechanism to be borne in mind when considering the effect of FTY-720 on the survival of neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gimenez-Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - Bazbek Davletov
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Luis M Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, 03550, Spain.
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6
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Egawa J, Zemljic-Harpf A, Mandyam CD, Niesman IR, Lysenko LV, Kleschevnikov AM, Roth DM, Patel HH, Patel PM, Head BP. Neuron-Targeted Caveolin-1 Promotes Ultrastructural and Functional Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3255-3266. [PMID: 28981594 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A delicate interneuronal communication between pre- and postsynaptic membranes is critical for synaptic plasticity and the formation of memory. Evidence shows that membrane/lipid rafts (MLRs), plasma membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, organize presynaptic proteins and postsynaptic receptors necessary for synaptic formation and signaling. MLRs establish a cell polarity that facilitates transduction of extracellular cues to the intracellular environment. Here we show that neuron-targeted overexpression of an MLR protein, caveolin-1 (SynCav1), in the adult mouse hippocampus increased the number of presynaptic vesicles per bouton, total excitatory type I glutamatergic synapses, number of same-dendrite multiple-synapse boutons, increased myelination, increased long-term potentiation, and increased MLR-localized N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits (GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B). Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that Cav-1 localizes to both the pre- and postsynaptic membrane regions as well as in the synaptic cleft. These findings, which are consistent with a significant increase in ultrastructural and functional synaptic plasticity, provide a fundamental framework that underlies previously demonstrated improvements in learning and memory in adult and aged mice by SynCav1. Such observations suggest that Cav-1 and MLRs alter basic aspects of synapse biology that could serve as potential therapeutic targets to promote neuroplasticity and combat neurodegeneration in a number of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Egawa
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alice Zemljic-Harpf
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chitra D Mandyam
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Larisa V Lysenko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - David M Roth
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Piyush M Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Garcia-Martinez V, Gimenez-Molina Y, Villanueva J, Darios FD, Davletov B, Gutiérrez LM. Emerging evidence for the modulation of exocytosis by signalling lipids. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3493-3503. [PMID: 29962039 PMCID: PMC6282582 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is a key event in exocytosis of neurotransmitters and hormones stored in intracellular vesicles. In this process, soluble N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins are essential components of the exocytotic molecular machinery, while lipids have been seen traditionally as structural elements. However, the so‐called signalling lipids, such as sphingosine and arachidonic acid, interact with SNAREs and directly modulate the frequency and mode of fusion events. Interestingly, recent work has proved that the sphingosine analogue FTY‐720, used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, mimics the effects of signalling lipids. In the present Review, we discuss recent investigations suggesting that endogenous signalling lipids and synthetic analogues can modulate important physiological aspects of secretion, such as quantal release, vesicle recruitment into active sites, vesicle transport and even organelle fusion in the cytosol. Therefore, these compounds are far from being merely structural components of cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Garcia-Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gimenez-Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Frederic D Darios
- Inserm, U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Bazbek Davletov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Luis M Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
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8
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Darios FD, Jorgacevski J, Flašker A, Zorec R, García-Martinez V, Villanueva J, Gutiérrez LM, Leese C, Bal M, Nosyreva E, Kavalali ET, Davletov B. Sphingomimetic multiple sclerosis drug FTY720 activates vesicular synaptobrevin and augments neuroendocrine secretion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5958. [PMID: 28729700 PMCID: PMC5519734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmission and secretion of hormones involve a sequence of protein/lipid interactions with lipid turnover impacting on vesicle trafficking and ultimately fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane. We previously demonstrated that sphingosine, a sphingolipid metabolite, promotes formation of the SNARE complex required for membrane fusion and also increases the rate of exocytosis in isolated nerve terminals, neuromuscular junctions, neuroendocrine cells and in hippocampal neurons. Recently a fungi-derived sphingosine homologue, FTY720, has been approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis. In its non-phosphorylated form FTY720 accumulates in the central nervous system, reaching high levels which could affect neuronal function. Considering close structural similarity of sphingosine and FTY720 we investigated whether FTY720 has an effect on regulated exocytosis. Our data demonstrate that FTY720 can activate vesicular synaptobrevin for SNARE complex formation and enhance exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic D Darios
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.,Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jernej Jorgacevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Flašker
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - José Villanueva
- Institute of Neurosciences, CSIC-Miguel Hernandez University, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis M Gutiérrez
- Institute of Neurosciences, CSIC-Miguel Hernandez University, 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Charlotte Leese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Manjot Bal
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Elena Nosyreva
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Bazbek Davletov
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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9
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Villanueva J, Gimenez-Molina Y, Viniegra S, Gutiérrez LM. F-actin cytoskeleton and the fate of organelles in chromaffin cells. J Neurochem 2016; 137:860-6. [PMID: 26843469 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In addition to playing a fundamental structural role, the F-actin cytoskeleton in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells has a prominent influence on governing the molecular mechanism and regulating the secretory process. Performing such roles, the F-actin network might be essential to first transport, and later locate the cellular organelles participating in the secretory cycle. Chromaffin granules are transported from the internal cytosolic regions to the cell periphery along microtubular and F-actin structures. Once in the cortical region, they are embedded in the F-actin network where these vesicles experience restrictions in motility. Similarly, mitochondria transport is affected by both microtubule and F-actin inhibitors and suffers increasing motion restrictions when they are located in the cortical region. Therefore, the F-actin cortex is a key factor in defining the existence of two populations of cortical and perinuclear granules and mitochondria which could be distinguished by their different location and mobility. Interestingly, other important organelles for controlling intracellular calcium levels, such as the endoplasmic reticulum network, present clear differences in distribution and much lower mobility than chromaffin vesicles and mitochondria. Nevertheless, both mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum appear to distribute in the proximity of secretory sites to fulfill a pivotal role, forming triads with calcium channels ensuring the fine tuning of the secretory response. This review presents the contributions that provide the basis for our current view regarding the influence that F-actin has on the distribution of organelles participating in the release of catecholamines in chromaffin cells, and summarizes this knowledge in simple models. In chromaffin cells, organelles such as granules and mitochondria distribute forming cortical and perinuclear populations whereas others like the ER present homogenous distributions. In the present review we discuss the role of transport systems and the existence of an F-actin cortical structure as the main factors behind the formation of organelle subpopulations in this neuroendocrine cell model. This article is part of a mini review series on Chromaffin cells (ISCCB Meeting, 2015). Cover image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13322.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant (Alicante), Spain
| | - Yolanda Gimenez-Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant (Alicante), Spain
| | - Salvador Viniegra
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant (Alicante), Spain
| | - Luis M Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant (Alicante), Spain
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10
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Ong WY, Herr DR, Farooqui T, Ling EA, Farooqui AA. Role of sphingomyelinases in neurological disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1725-42. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1071794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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