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Marques-Almeida T, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribeiro C. State of the Art and Current Challenges on Electroactive Biomaterials and Strategies for Neural Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301494. [PMID: 37843074 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The loss or failure of an organ/tissue stands as one of the healthcare system's most prevalent, devastating, and costly challenges. Strategies for neural tissue repair and regeneration have received significant attention due to their particularly strong impact on patients' well-being. Many research efforts are dedicated not only to control the disease symptoms but also to find solutions to repair the damaged tissues. Neural tissue engineering (TE) plays a key role in addressing this problem and significant efforts are being carried out to develop strategies for neural repair treatment. In the last years, active materials allowing to tune cell-materials interaction are being increasingly used, representing a recent paradigm in TE applications. Among the most important stimuli influencing cell behavior are the electrical and mechanical ones. In this way, materials with the ability to provide this kind of stimuli to the neural cells seem to be appropriate to support neural TE. In this scope, this review summarizes the different biomaterials types used for neural TE, highlighting the relevance of using active biomaterials and electrical stimulation. Furthermore, this review provides not only a compilation of the most relevant studies and results but also strategies for novel and more biomimetic approaches for neural TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Marques-Almeida
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
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Matter L, Harland B, Raos B, Svirskis D, Asplund M. Generation of direct current electrical fields as regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury: A review. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031505. [PMID: 37736015 PMCID: PMC10511262 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) shows promise as a therapy to promote recovery and regeneration after spinal cord injury. ES therapy establishes beneficial electric fields (EFs) and has been investigated in numerous studies, which date back nearly a century. In this review, we discuss the various engineering approaches available to generate regenerative EFs through direct current electrical stimulation and very low frequency electrical stimulation. We highlight the electrode-tissue interface, which is important for the appropriate choice of electrode material and stimulator circuitry. We discuss how to best estimate and control the generated field, which is an important measure for comparability of studies. Finally, we assess the methods used in these studies to measure functional recovery after the injury and treatment. This work reviews studies in the field of ES therapy with the goal of supporting decisions regarding best stimulation strategy and recovery assessment for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Matter
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Bruce Harland
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, NZ 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brad Raos
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, NZ 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, NZ 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
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Kiss Bimbova K, Bacova M, Kisucka A, Gálik J, Ileninova M, Kuruc T, Magurova M, Lukacova N. Impact of Endurance Training on Regeneration of Axons, Glial Cells, and Inhibitory Neurons after Spinal Cord Injury: A Link between Functional Outcome and Regeneration Potential within the Lesion Site and in Adjacent Spinal Cord Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108616. [PMID: 37239968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance training prior to spinal cord injury (SCI) has a beneficial effect on the activation of signaling pathways responsible for survival, neuroplasticity, and neuroregeneration. It is, however, unclear which training-induced cell populations are essential for the functional outcome after SCI. Adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, six weeks of endurance training, Th9 compression (40 g/15 min), and pretraining + Th9 compression. The animals survived six weeks. Training alone increased the gene expression and protein level of immature CNP-ase oligodendrocytes (~16%) at Th10, and caused rearrangements in neurotrophic regulation of inhibitory GABA/glycinergic neurons at the Th10 and L2 levels, known to contain the interneurons with rhythmogenic potential. Training + SCI upregulated markers for immature and mature (CNP-ase, PLP1) oligodendrocytes by ~13% at the lesion site and caudally, and increased the number of GABA/glycinergic neurons in specific spinal cord regions. In the pretrained SCI group, the functional outcome of hindlimbs positively correlated with the protein levels of CNP-ase, PLP1, and neurofilaments (NF-l), but not with the outgrowing axons (Gap-43) at the lesion site and caudally. These results indicate that endurance training applied before SCI potentiates the repair in damaged spinal cord, and creates a suitable environment for neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kiss Bimbova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Maria Bacova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Kisucka
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Gálik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Maria Ileninova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Kuruc
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Magurova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Nadezda Lukacova
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Plasticity and Repair, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
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Qian J, Shen CL, Fang C, Sun J. Oscillating field stimulation promotes neurogenesis of neural stem cells through miR-124/Tal1 axis to repair spinal cord injury in rats. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:895-900. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.353505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lukacova N, Kisucka A, Kiss Bimbova K, Bacova M, Ileninova M, Kuruc T, Galik J. Glial-Neuronal Interactions in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13577. [PMID: 34948371 PMCID: PMC8708227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of macrophages and microglia, which triggers activation of genes responsible for the dysregulated microenvironment within the lesion site and in the spinal cord parenchyma immediately adjacent to the lesion. Recently published data indicate that microglia induces astrocyte activation and determines the fate of astrocytes. Conversely, astrocytes have the potency to trigger microglial activation and control their cellular functions. Here we review current information about the release of diverse signaling molecules (pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory) in individual cell phenotypes (microglia, astrocytes, blood inflammatory cells) in acute and subacute SCI stages, and how they contribute to delayed neuronal death in the surrounding spinal cord tissue which is spared and functional but reactive. In addition, temporal correlation in progressive degeneration of neurons and astrocytes and their functional interactions after SCI are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the time-dependent transformation of reactive microglia and astrocytes into their neuroprotective phenotypes (M2a, M2c and A2) which are crucial for spontaneous post-SCI locomotor recovery. We also provide suggestions on how to modulate the inflammation and discuss key therapeutic approaches leading to better functional outcome after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Lukacova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4–6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (A.K.); (K.K.B.); (M.B.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (J.G.)
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Wang YX, Bai JZ, Lyu Z, Zhang GH, Huo XL. Oscillating field stimulation promotes axon regeneration and locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1318-1323. [PMID: 34782577 PMCID: PMC8643069 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillating field stimulation (OFS) is a potential method for treating spinal cord injury. Although it has been used in spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy in basic and clinical studies, its underlying mechanism and the correlation between its duration and nerve injury repair remain poorly understood. In this study, we established rat models of spinal cord contusion at T10 and then administered 12 weeks of OFS. The results revealed that effectively promotes the recovery of motor function required continuous OFS for more than 6 weeks. The underlying mechanism may be related to the effects of OFS on promoting axon regeneration, inhibiting astrocyte proliferation, and improving the linear arrangement of astrocytes. This study was approved by the Animal Experiments and Experimental Animal Welfare Committee of Capital Medical University (supplemental approval No. AEEI-2021-204) on July 26, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Rehabilitation Research Center; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Zhu Bai
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Rehabilitation Research Center; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Lyu
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, Rehabilitation Research Center; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fang C, Sun J, Wei L, Gao F, Qian J. Oscillating field stimulation promotes recovery from spinal cord injury in rats by regulating the differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:979. [PMID: 34345261 PMCID: PMC8311232 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian spinal cord (SC) has a limited self-repair capacity and exogenous treatments are yet to produce substantial functional recovery following SC injury (SCI). The SC contains endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) with multi-lineage differentiation potential and it may be possible to restore function via interventions that promote NSC differentiation following SCI. Oscillating field stimulation (OFS) has been reported to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway, a known modulator of NSC differentiation. However, the effects of OFS on NSC differentiation following SCI and associated functional recovery have not been previously examined. In the current study, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to assess locomotion recovery following SCI in rats and immunofluorescence double-staining was used to examine the regeneration of neurons and oligodendrocytes derived from NSCs. Furthermore, Nissl staining was performed to assess the viability and survival of neurons following SCI, while recovery of the myelin sheath was examined by uranium-lead staining under transmission electron microscopy. OFS delivered via an implanted stimulator enhanced the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes and accelerated the regeneration of myelinated axons. Additionally, BBB scores revealed superior locomotion recovery in OFS-treated rats compared with SCI controls. Collectively, these results indicated that OFS may be a feasible strategy to promote SCI recovery by regulating the differentiation of endogenous NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Laifu Wei
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
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Maas DA, Angulo MC. Can Enhancing Neuronal Activity Improve Myelin Repair in Multiple Sclerosis? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:645240. [PMID: 33708075 PMCID: PMC7940692 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.645240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced neuronal activity in the healthy brain can induce de novo myelination and behavioral changes. As neuronal activity can be achieved using non-invasive measures, it may be of interest to utilize the innate ability of neuronal activity to instruct myelination as a novel strategy for myelin repair in demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Preclinical studies indicate that stimulation of neuronal activity in demyelinated lesions indeed has the potential to improve remyelination and that the stimulation paradigm is an important determinant of success. However, future studies will need to reveal the most efficient stimulation protocols as well as the biological mechanisms implicated. Nonetheless, clinical studies have already explored non-invasive brain stimulation as an attractive therapeutic approach that ameliorates MS symptomatology. However, whether symptom improvement is due to improved myelin repair remains unclear. In this mini-review, we discuss the neurobiological basis and potential of enhancing neuronal activity as a novel therapeutic approach in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien A Maas
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - María Cecilia Angulo
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France.,GHU PARIS Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
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Li G, Fan ZK, Gu GF, Jia ZQ, Zhang QQ, Dai JY, He SS. Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation Promotes Motor Functional Recovery by Enhancing Oligodendrocyte Survival and Differentiation and by Protecting Myelin after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:372-384. [PMID: 31732865 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) markedly improves motor and sensory function after spinal cord injury (SCI), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated whether ESCS affects oligodendrocyte differentiation and its cellular and molecular mechanisms in rats with SCI. ESCS improved hindlimb motor function at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days after SCI. ESCS also significantly increased the myelinated area at 28 days, and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the spinal white matter at 7 days. SCI decreased the expression of 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase, an oligodendrocyte marker) at 7 days and that of myelin basic protein at 28 days. ESCS significantly upregulated these markers and increased the percentage of Sox2/CNPase/DAPI-positive cells (newly differentiated oligodendrocytes) at 7 days. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 4 (rhBMP4) markedly downregulated these factors after ESCS. Furthermore, ESCS significantly decreased BMP4 and p-Smad1/5/9 expression after SCI, and rhBMP4 reduced this effect of ESCS. These findings indicate that ESCS enhances the survival and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, protects myelin, and promotes motor functional recovery by inhibiting the BMP4-Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Spinal Pain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Guang-Fei Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Spinal Pain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Jun-Yu Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Shi-Sheng He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Spinal Pain Research Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Yao F, Li Z, Cheng L, Zhang L, Zha X, Jing J. Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells through upregulation of miR-219-5p in vitro. Life Sci 2019; 223:185-193. [PMID: 30885522 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), which induce myelination, plays a critical role in the functional recovery following SCI. In this study, the effect of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the differentiation of OPCs and the potential underlying mechanisms were investigated. MAIN METHODS OPCs were randomly divided into the PEMF and non-PEMF (NPEMF) groups. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays were performed to assess the expression levels of OLs stage-specific markers after 3, 7, 14, and 21 days of PEMF or NPEMF exposure. qRT-PCR was used to further assess the expression levels of miR-219-5p, miR-338, miR-138, and miR-9, which are associated with OPCs differentiation, and the expression levels of genes associated with miR-219-5p. Finally, following PEMF or NPEMF exposure, qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to explore the relationship between miR-219-5p and Lingo1 and between miR-219-5p and PEMF in promoting OPCs differentiation. KEY FINDINGS PEMF promoted the differentiation of OPCs. PEMF upregulated the expression level of miR-219-5p and downregulated the expression level of Lingo1 during the differentiation of OPCs. Under PEMF exposure, miR-219-5p targeted Lingo1 and reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-219-5p inhibitor on OPCs differentiation. In addition, PEMF synergized with miR-219-5p to promote OPCs differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE Our results, for the first time, indicated that PEMF promoted OPCs differentiation by regulating miR-219-5p activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Liqian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Xiaowei Zha
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 678 FuRong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China.
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Li Z, Yao F, Cheng L, Cheng W, Qi L, Yu S, Zhang L, Zha X, Jing J. Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field promotes the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:449-456. [PMID: 30378172 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (LFPEMF) has been shown to provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, there are no reports on whether LFPEMF can treat spinal cord injury (SCI) and its therapeutic mechanism. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether LFPEMF can promote the recovery of neurological function after SCI in rats and its therapeutic mechanism. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score and transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials (tcMMEPs) were recorded to assess the recovery of neurological function. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and luxol fast blue (LFB) staining were performed to assess the severity of SCI. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining and western blotting (WB) were performed to assess the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into oligodendrocytes (OLs). Toluidine blue (TB) staining was performed to assess remyelination. WB and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to assess the expression of neurotrophins and inflammatory factors. Our results showed that following stimulation by LFPEMF, there were significant improvements in BBB scores, tcMMEP amplitudes, the extent of the damage, and reduced demyelination in rats after SCI. The mature OLs, the number of well-myelinated fibers, and the myelin sheath thickness significantly increased in rats stimulated by LFPEMF after SCI. The expression of neurotrophins significantly increased, and the expression of inflammatory factors significantly decreased in rats stimulated by LFPEMF after SCI. Therefore, we suggest that LFPEMF can promote the recovery of neurological function in rats after SCI by improving the differentiation of OPCs into OLs and promoting remyelination, as well as by inhibiting inflammation and promoting neurotrophic effects. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:449-456, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Wendan Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Shuisheng Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Liqian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Xiaowei Zha
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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Bacova M, Bimbova K, Fedorova J, Lukacova N, Galik J. Epidural oscillating field stimulation as an effective therapeutic approach in combination therapy for spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 311:102-110. [PMID: 30339879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes partial or total loss of sensory and motor functions. Despite enormous efforts, there is still no effective treatment which might improve patients' neurological status.The application of electric current to the injured spinal cord is known to promote healing and tissue regeneration. The use of this modality in treating the injured spinal cord to improve neurological recovery has been introduced as a potential treatment. NEW METHOD Here we describe the method of epidural implantation of a miniature oscillating field (OF) stimulator designed in our laboratory immediately after Th9 spinal compression in Wistar rats. Three groups of animals were analyzed (intact; SCI only; OFS + SCI; n = 8 each). Histological, immunohistological and behavioral analysis were used to show the favorable effect of epidural OF stimulation on axonal regeneration and modulation of astrogliosis. RESULTS Our study revealed considerable differences in white matter integrity in animals with an implanted OF stimulator. Moreover, we detected significantly increased numbers of neurofilaments and massive reduction in activated forms of astrocytes in the group of stimulated animals compared to the animals without stimulation. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Compared with previous research, our study revealed that epidural implantation of an OF stimulator immediately after spinal compression effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory response and suppressed activated astrocyte formation. CONCLUSIONS Our finding confirms that implanting an OF stimulator is safe, stable and suitable for future combined therapy which could effectively promote and accelerate regeneration and functional restoration after spinal trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bacova
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Bimbova
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Fedorova
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Nadezda Lukacova
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Galik
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
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Prasad A, Teh DBL, Blasiak A, Chai C, Wu Y, Gharibani PM, Yang IH, Phan TT, Lim KL, Yang H, Liu X, All AH. Static Magnetic Field Stimulation Enhances Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Secretion of Neurotrophic Factors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6743. [PMID: 28751716 PMCID: PMC5532210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular-level effects of low/high frequency oscillating magnetic field on excitable cells such as neurons are well established. In contrast, the effects of a homogeneous, static magnetic field (SMF) on Central Nervous System (CNS) glial cells are less investigated. Here, we have developed an in vitro SMF stimulation set-up to investigate the genomic effects of SMF exposure on oligodendrocyte differentiation and neurotrophic factors secretion. Human oligodendrocytes precursor cells (OPCs) were stimulated with moderate intensity SMF (0.3 T) for a period of two weeks (two hours/day). The differential gene expression of cell activity marker (c-fos), early OPC (Olig1, Olig2. Sox10), and mature oligodendrocyte markers (CNP, MBP) were quantified. The enhanced myelination capacity of the SMF stimulated oligodendrocytes was validated in a dorsal root ganglion microfluidics chamber platform. Additionally, the effects of SMF on the gene expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors- BDNF and NT3 was quantified. We also report that SMF stimulation increases the intracellular calcium influx in OPCs as well as the gene expression of L-type channel subunits-CaV1.2 and CaV1.3. Our findings emphasize the ability of glial cells such as OPCs to positively respond to moderate intensity SMF stimulation by exhibiting enhanced differentiation, functionality as well as neurotrophic factor release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankshita Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E4, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Daniel B Loong Teh
- Singapore Institute of Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 5-COR, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Agata Blasiak
- Singapore Institute of Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 5-COR, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Chou Chai
- National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Payam M Gharibani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins School of Medicine, 701C Rutland Avenue 720, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - In Hong Yang
- Singapore Institute of Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 5-COR, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins School of Medicine, 701C Rutland Avenue 720, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thang T Phan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Kah Leong Lim
- National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, 2 Medical Drive, MD9, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School. 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyunsoo Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Angelo H All
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins School of Medicine, 701C Rutland Avenue 720, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, John Hopkins School of Medicine, 701C Rutland Avenue 720, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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