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Intranasal Methylprednisolone Ameliorates Neuroinflammation Induced by Chronic Toluene Exposure. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061195. [PMID: 35745768 PMCID: PMC9230943 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalants are chemical substances that induce intoxication, and toluene is the main component of them. Increasing evidence indicates that a dependence on inhalants involves a state of chronic stress associated to the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system and release of proinflammatory mediators, especially in some brain areas such as the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex, where the circuits of pleasure and reward are. In this study, anti-neuroinflammatory treatment based on a single dose of intranasal methylprednisolone was assessed in a murine model of chronic toluene exposure. The levels of proinflammatory mediators, expression levels of Iba-1 and GFAP, and histological changes in the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens were evaluated after the treatment. The chronic exposure to toluene significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NO, the expression of GFAP, and induced histological alterations in mouse brains. The treatment with intranasally administered MP significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and NO and the expression of GFAP (p < 0.05); additionally, it reversed the central histological damage. These results indicate that intranasally administered methylprednisolone could be considered as a treatment to reverse neuroinflammation and histological damages associated with the use of inhalants.
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Soares MV, Mesadri J, Gonçalves DF, Cordeiro LM, Franzen da Silva A, Obetine Baptista FB, Wagner R, Dalla Corte CL, Soares FAA, Ávila DS. Neurotoxicity induced by toluene: In silico and in vivo evidences of mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118856. [PMID: 35033616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toluene is an air pollutant widely used as an organic solvent in industrial production and emitted by fossil fuel combustion, in addition to being used as a drug of abuse. Its toxic effects in the central nervous system have not been well established, and how and which neurons are affected remains unknown. Hence, this study aimed to fill this gap by investigating three central questions: 1) How does toluene induce neurotoxicity? 2) Which neurons are affected? And 3) What are the long-term effects induced by airborne exposure to toluene? To this end, a Caenorhabditis elegans model was employed, in which worms at the fourth larval stage were exposed to toluene in the air for 24 h in a vapor chamber to simulate four exposure scenarios. After the concentration-response curve analysis, we chose scenarios 3 (E3: 792 ppm) and 4 (E4: 1094 ppm) for the following experiments. The assays were performed 1, 48, or 96 h after removal from the exposure environments, and an irreversible reduction in neuron fluorescence and morphologic alterations were observed in different neurons of exposed worms, particularly in the dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, a significant impairment in a dopaminergic-dependent behavior was also associated with negative effects in healthspan endpoints, and we also noted that mitochondria may be involved in toluene-induced neurotoxicity since lower adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels and mitochondrial viability were observed. In addition, a reduction of electron transport chain activity was evidenced using ex vivo protocols, which were reinforced by in silico and in vitro analysis, demonstrating toluene action in the mitochondrial complexes. Based on these findings model, it is plausible that toluene neurotoxicity can be initiated by complex I inhibition, triggering a mitochondrial dysfunction that may lead to irreversible dopaminergic neuronal death, thus impairing neurobehavioral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Valandro Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mesadri
- Departamento: Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciência Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Farina Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marafiga Cordeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Franzen da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Bicca Obetine Baptista
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Departamento: Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciência Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Lenz Dalla Corte
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Cruz SL, Bowen SE. The last two decades on preclinical and clinical research on inhalant effects. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106999. [PMID: 34087382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the scientific evidence generated in the last two decades on the effects and mechanisms of action of most commonly misused inhalants. In the first section, we define what inhalants are, how they are used, and their prevalence worldwide. The second section presents specific characteristics that define the main groups of inhalants: (a) organic solvents; (b) aerosols, gases, and volatile anesthetics; and (c) alkyl nitrites. We include a table with the molecular formula, structure, synonyms, uses, physicochemical properties and exposure limits of representative compounds within each group. The third and fourth sections review the direct acute and chronic effects of common inhalants on health and behavior with a summary of mechanisms of action, respectively. In the fifth section, we address inhalant intoxication signs and available treatment. The sixth section examines the health effects, intoxication, and treatment of nitrites. The seventh section reviews current intervention strategies. Finally, we propose a research agenda to promote the study of (a) solvents other than toluene; (b) inhalant mixtures; (c) effects in combination with other drugs of abuse; (d) age and (e) sex differences in inhalant effects; (f) the long-lasting behavioral effects of animals exposed in utero to inhalants; (g) abstinence signs and neurochemical changes after interrupting inhalant exposure; (h) brain networks involved in inhalant effects; and finally (i) strategies to promote recovery of inhalant users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia L Cruz
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, México City 14330, México.
| | - Scott E Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Suite 7906.1, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Davidson CJ, Hannigan JH, Bowen SE. Effects of inhaled combined Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX): Toward an environmental exposure model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103518. [PMID: 33132182 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combined environmental exposures to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) pose clear risks to public health. Research into these risks is under-studied even as BTEX levels in the atmosphere are predicted to rise. This review focuses on the available literature using single- and combined-BTEX component inhaled solvent exposures in animal models, necessarily also drawing on findings from models of inhalant abuse and occupational exposures. Health effects of these exposures are discussed for multiple organ systems, but with particular attention on neurobehavioral outcomes such as locomotor activity, impulsivity, learning, and psychopharmacological responses. It is clear that animal models have significant differences in the concentrations, durations and patterns of exposure. Experimental evidence of the deleterious health and neurobehavioral consequences of exposures to the individual components of BTEX were found, but these effects were typically assessed using concentrations and exposure patterns not characteristic of environmental exposure. Future studies with animal models designed appropriately to explore combined BTEX will be necessary and advantageous to discovering health outcomes and more subtle neurobehavioral impacts of long-term environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John H Hannigan
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child & Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott E Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Apawu AK, Callan SP, Mathews TA, Bowen SE. Repeated toluene exposure leads to neuroadaptation in dopamine release mechanisms within the nucleus accumbens core. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 408:115260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Crossin R, Arunogiri S. Harms associated with inhalant misuse in adolescent females - a review of the pre-clinical and clinical evidence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108232. [PMID: 32862119 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalant misuse, or the misuse of products containing toluene is common in adolescents, and is associated with diverse physiological and psychological harms. Females comprise over half those who misuse inhalants in adolescence, however, the majority of the evidence has been derived from male-only or mixed-sex studies without exploration of sex differences. Female adolescence is a critical maturational period with potential for growth, reproductive, cognitive and psychological harms that may lead to long-term health consequences. We therefore summarise evidence of female-specific harms arising from inhalant misuse. METHODS We synthesised pre-clinical and clinical studies of inhalant misuse which were conducted in females, or where sex-differences were reported, into a narrative literature review. RESULTS Females experience growth impairments and metabolic dysfunction arising from inhalant misuse, but data on sex-differences are inconclusive. Inhalant misuse in early adolescence may impact menarche and subsequent reproductive capacity, but studies have predominantly focused on the effects of inhalants on offspring rather than on the exposed female. There is limited evidence of sex-differences in relation to cognitive outcomes following exposure to inhalants in pre-clinical models. Females are at an increased risk of psychological harms associated with inhalant misuse, particularly depression and suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The type and magnitude of harms associated with inhalant misuse are sex-specific, but data are limited. We recommend that both pre-clinical and clinical studies of inhalant misuse include both males and females, and should specifically test for and report sex-differences. This can be used to build an evidence base for screening and interventions tailored to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Crossin
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago Christchurch campus, 34 Gloucester Street, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Central Clinical School, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Level 4, 607 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, 110 Church Street, Richmond, Melbourne, Victoria, 3121, Australia
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Mooney-Leber SM, Brummelte S. Neonatal pain and reduced maternal care alter adult behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in a sex-specific manner. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:631-643. [PMID: 31788799 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Preterm infants often spend a significant amount of time in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) where they are exposed to many stressors including pain and reduced maternal care. These early-life stressful experiences can have negative consequences on brain maturation during the neonatal period; however, less is known about the long-term cognitive and affective outcomes. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of neonatal pain and reduced maternal care on adult behavior and HPA axis reactivity in an animal model. Male and female rats underwent a series of repetitive needle pokes and/or reduced maternal care (through a novel tea ball infuser encapsulation method) during the first 4 days of life and were then assessed in a battery of behavioral tests as adults. We found that early-life pain enhanced spatial learning independent of the animal's sex, but altered HPA recovery from an acute stressor in females only. Moreover, reduced maternal care altered long-term spatial memory and reversal learning in males. These findings indicate that neonatal stressors have unique sex-dependent long-term biobehavioral effects in rodents. Continued examination of the behavioral consequences of these stressors may help explain varying vulnerability and resiliency in preterm infants who experienced early stress in the NICU.
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Basso A, Battisti AP, Moreira RDFPM, José HJ. Photocatalytic effect of addition of TiO 2 to acrylic-based paint for passive toluene degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1568-1579. [PMID: 30372665 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1542034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to be hazardous and associated with several human health problems. Thus, many technologies have been developed in recent years for their removal, such as thermal catalysis, photocatalysis and ozonization. In this study, the main objective was to evaluate the effects of incorporating titanium dioxide into an acrylic-based paint for gaseous toluene abatement. Paints with photocatalytic properties were prepared by adding TiO2 P25 powder to an acrylic-based paint, using the following proportions: 0, 10, 15, 20 and 50 wt% (dry basis). Toluene and CO2 concentrations at the reactor input and output were determined using GC/MS, and GC/FID, respectively, and the toluene conversion and CO2 formation were assessed. The compounds adsorbed onto photocatalytic paints were extracted and then identified by GC/MS. The results indicated that the addition of 50 wt% of TiO2 P25 results in a paint of reduced quality. The addition of 20 wt% of TiO2 P25 to the paint led to higher values for the photocatalytic conversion of toluene to CO2. The occurrence of two simultaneous processes was observed: the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene to CO2 and the self-degradation of the organic compounds, such as polymeric acrylic, in the paint. The adsorption of different compounds onto the photocatalytic paints was identified by GC/MS analysis. The use of photocatalytic paints is a promising technique for toluene abatement, but it requires further study and improvement particularly with regard to the effects of the self-degradation of the paint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Basso
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Andrei Pavei Battisti
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Humberto Jorge José
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Armenta-Reséndiz M, Ríos-Leal E, Rivera-García MT, López-Rubalcava C, Cruz SL. Structure-activity study of acute neurobehavioral effects of cyclohexane, benzene, m-xylene, and toluene in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 376:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen Y, Liu S, Xu H, Zheng H, Bai C, Pan W, Zhou H, Liao M, Huang C, Dong Q. Maternal exposure to low dose BDE209 and Pb mixture induced neurobehavioral anomalies in C57BL/6 male offspring. Toxicology 2019; 418:70-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Acute and Chronic Exposure of Toluene Induces Genotoxicity in Different Regions of the Brain in Normal and Allergic Mouse Models. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:669-678. [PMID: 30888611 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Toluene is a widely used industrial organic solvent and is ubiquitous in our environment. The neurobehavioral and neurotoxic effects of toluene are well recognized; however, its genotoxicity is still under discussion. Toluene biotransformation leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative stress and DNA damages. Individuals with different immunogenetic backgrounds have different sensitivities to toxic chemical exposure. Previous studies have suggested that allergic stimulation may influence the threshold for toluene sensitivity due to the modulation of neurotrophin-related genes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate toluene-induced genotoxicity in different brain regions following acute and chronic exposure in vivo and to further examine whether allergic stimulation may influence the sensitivity to toluene-induced genotoxicity. In this present study, we found that exposure of toluene induced oxidative DNA damages resulting in genotoxicity in different brain regions including cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus using comet assay. Higher genotoxicity induced by toluene was observed in the hippocampus of control mice compared to OVA-immunized mice. These results provide evidence that toluene-induced genotoxicity may contribute to its neurotoxicity in different immunogenetic individuals.
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Crossin R, Scott D, Witt KG, Duncan JR, Smith K, Lubman DI. Acute harms associated with inhalant misuse: Co-morbidities and trends relative to age and gender among ambulance attendees. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 190:46-53. [PMID: 29981942 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalant misuse is the deliberate inhalation of products containing toluene to induce intoxication. Chronic harms associated with inhalant misuse are well described; including alcohol and other drug use, mental health disorders, and suicidal behaviours. However, the nature of the acute harms from inhalants and characteristics of people who experience those harms are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the acute harms associated with inhalant misuse attendances, and to determine whether these differ by age or gender. METHODS Ambulance attendance data (Victoria, Australia) from January 2012 to June 2017 were extracted from a database of coded ambulance records. 779 ambulance attendances involving inhalant misuse were identified. Attendance characteristics were categorised by age and gender. Co-morbidities of current mental health, self-harm and suicidal behaviour were assessed, plus the involvement of alcohol and other drugs. RESULTS Overall, attendances related to the acute harms of inhalant misuse have decreased over time, although that trend has reversed from January 2015. Gender differentiated the acute harms associated with inhalant misuse. Males were older and presented with concurrent alcohol and other drug use. Females were younger and presented with concurrent suicidal ideation and self-injury. Attendances for under 15-year-olds are increasing; this age group was over-represented, predominantly female, with a strong association with self-injury. CONCLUSIONS Ambulance presentations related to inhalant misuse were associated with acute and serious harms. This study highlights that the acute treatment needs of those misusing inhalants are complex and may need to be tailored to gender and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Crossin
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, 3128, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia.
| | - Debbie Scott
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, 3128, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia.
| | - Katrina G Witt
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, 3128, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia.
| | - Jhodie R Duncan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Karen Smith
- Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, VIC, 3108, Australia; Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia.
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, 3128, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia.
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Repeated toluene exposure increases the excitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of adolescent rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 68:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Malloul H, Mahdani FM, Bennis M, Ba-M'hamed S. Prenatal Exposure to Paint Thinner Alters Postnatal Development and Behavior in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:171. [PMID: 28959195 PMCID: PMC5604056 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure and sniffing of volatile organic solvents continue to be a worldwide health problem, raising the risk for teratogenic sequelae of maternal inhalant abuse. Real life exposures usually involve simultaneous exposures to multiple solvents, and almost all the abused solvents contain a mixture of two or more different volatile compounds. However, several studies examined the teratogenicity due to industrial exposure to a single volatile solvent but investigating the teratogenic potential of complex chemical mixture such as thinner remains unexplored. This study was undertaken to evaluate developmental neurotoxicity of paint thinner using a mouse model. Mated female mice (N = 21) were, therefore, exposed to repeated and brief inhalation episodes of 0, 300 or 600 ppm of thinner during the entire period of pregnancy. Females weigh was recorded and their standard fertility and reproductive parameters were assessed. After birth postnatal day 1 (PND1), offspring (N = 88) length and body weight were measured in a daily basis. At PND5, the pups were assessed for their postnatal growth, physical maturation, reflex development, neuromotor abilities, sensory function, activity level, anxiety, depression, learning and memory functions. At adulthood, structural changes of the hippocampus were examined by estimating the total volume of the dentate gyrus. Except one case of thinner induced abortion at the higher dose, our results showed that the prenatal exposure to the solvent did not cause any maternal toxicity or decrease in the viability of the offspring. Therefore, a lower birth weight, decrease in the litter size and delayed reflexes ontogeny were registered in prenatally exposed offspring to both 300 ppm and 600 ppm of thinner. In addition, prenatally exposure to thinner resulted in increased anxiolytic- and depression-like behaviors. In contrast, impaired learning and memory functions and decreased hippocampal dentate gyrus volume were revealed only in the prenatally treated offspring by 600 ppm of thinner. Based on these results, we can conclude that prenatally exposure to paint thinner causes a long-lasting developmental neurotoxicity and alters a wide range of behavioral functions in mice. This shows the risk that mothers who abuse thinner paint expose their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Malloul
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi AyyadMarrakech, Morocco
| | - Ferdaousse M Mahdani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi AyyadMarrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi AyyadMarrakech, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi AyyadMarrakech, Morocco
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