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Zavalin K, Hassan A, Zhang Y, Khera Z, Lagrange AH. Region and layer-specific expression of GABA A receptor isoforms and KCC2 in developing cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1390742. [PMID: 38894703 PMCID: PMC11184147 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1390742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors (GABAARs) are ligand-gated Cl-channels that mediate the bulk of inhibitory neurotransmission in the mature CNS and are targets of many drugs. During cortical development, GABAAR-mediated signals are significantly modulated by changing subunit composition and expression of Cl-transporters as part of developmental processes and early network activity. To date, this developmental evolution has remained understudied, particularly at the level of cortical layer-specific changes. In this study, we characterized the expression of nine major GABAAR subunits and K-Cl transporter 2 (KCC2) in mouse somatosensory cortex from embryonic development to postweaning maturity. Methods We evaluated expression of α1-5, β2-3, γ2, and δ GABAAR subunits using immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques, and expression of KCC2 using immunohistochemistry in cortices from E13.5 to P25 mice. Results We found that embryonic cortex expresses mainly α3, α5, β3, and γ2, while expression of α1, α2, α4, β2, δ, and KCC2 begins at later points in development; however, many patterns of nuanced expression can be found in specific lamina, cortical regions, and cells and structures. Discussion While the general pattern of expression of each subunit and KCC2 is similar to previous studies, we found a number of unique temporal, regional, and laminar patterns that were previously unknown. These findings provide much needed knowledge of the intricate developmental evolution in GABAAR composition and KCC2 expression to accommodate developmental signals that transition to mature neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Zavalin
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anjana Hassan
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Yueli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zain Khera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andre H. Lagrange
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Neurology, TVH VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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2
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Gauer C, Battis K, Schneider Y, Florio JB, Mante M, Kim HY, Rissman RA, Hoffmann A, Winkler J. CSF1R-mediated myeloid cell depletion shifts the ratio of motor cortical excitatory to inhibitory neurons in a multiple system atrophy model. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114706. [PMID: 38311020 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Motor cortical circuit functions depend on the coordinated fine-tuning of two functionally diverse neuronal populations: glutamatergic pyramidal neurons providing synaptic excitation and GABAergic interneurons adjusting the response of pyramidal neurons through synaptic inhibition. Microglia are brain resident macrophages which dynamically refine cortical circuits by monitoring perineuronal extracellular matrix and remodelling synapses. Previously, we showed that colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-mediated myeloid cell depletion extended the lifespan, but impaired motor functions of MBP29 mice, a mouse model for multiple system atrophy. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying these motor deficits we characterized the microglial involvement in the cortical balance of GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in 4-months-old MBP29 mice following CSF1R inhibition for 12 weeks. Lack of myeloid cells resulted in a decreased number of COUP TF1 interacting protein 2-positive (CTIP2+) layer V pyramidal neurons, however in a proportional increase of calretinin-positive GABAergic interneurons in MBP29 mice. While myeloid cell depletion did not alter the expression of important presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, the loss of cortical perineuronal net area was attenuated by CSF1R inhibition in MBP29 mice. These cortical changes may restrict synaptic plasticity and potentially modify parvalbumin-positive perisomatic input. Collectively, this study suggests, that the lack of myeloid cells shifts the neuronal balance toward an increased inhibitory connectivity in the motor cortex of MBP29 mice thereby potentially deteriorating motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gauer
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Battis
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Y Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J B Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - M Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - H Y Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - R A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Woods R, Lorusso J, Fletcher J, ElTaher H, McEwan F, Harris I, Kowash H, D'Souza SW, Harte M, Hager R, Glazier JD. Maternal immune activation and role of placenta in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220064. [PMID: 37332846 PMCID: PMC10273029 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy, leading to maternal immune activation (mIA) and cytokine release, increases the offspring risk of developing a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including schizophrenia. Animal models have provided evidence to support these mechanistic links, with placental inflammatory responses and dysregulation of placental function implicated. This leads to changes in fetal brain cytokine balance and altered epigenetic regulation of key neurodevelopmental pathways. The prenatal timing of such mIA-evoked changes, and the accompanying fetal developmental responses to an altered in utero environment, will determine the scope of the impacts on neurodevelopmental processes. Such dysregulation can impart enduring neuropathological changes, which manifest subsequently in the postnatal period as altered neurodevelopmental behaviours in the offspring. Hence, elucidation of the functional changes that occur at the molecular level in the placenta is vital in improving our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of NDDs. This has notable relevance to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, where inflammatory responses in the placenta to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and NDDs in early childhood have been reported. This review presents an integrated overview of these collective topics and describes the possible contribution of prenatal programming through placental effects as an underlying mechanism that links to NDD risk, underpinned by altered epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Woods
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Jarred M. Lorusso
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Jennifer Fletcher
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Heidi ElTaher
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Francesca McEwan
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Isabella Harris
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Hager M. Kowash
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, U.K
| | - Stephen W. D'Souza
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, U.K
| | - Michael Harte
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Jocelyn D. Glazier
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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4
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Gellért L, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W. Axonal connections between S1 barrel, M1, and S2 cortex in the newborn mouse. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1105998. [PMID: 36760662 PMCID: PMC9905141 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of functionally interconnected networks between primary (S1), secondary somatosensory (S2), and motor (M1) cortical areas requires coherent neuronal activity via corticocortical projections. However, the anatomical substrate of functional connections between S1 and M1 or S2 during early development remains elusive. In the present study, we used ex vivo carbocyanine dye (DiI) tracing in paraformaldehyde-fixed newborn mouse brain to investigate axonal projections of neurons in different layers of S1 barrel field (S1Bf), M1, and S2 toward the subplate (SP), a hub layer for sensory information transfer in the immature cortex. In addition, we performed extracellular recordings in neocortical slices to unravel the functional connectivity between these areas. Our experiments demonstrate that already at P0 neurons from the cortical plate (CP), layer 5/6 (L5/6), and the SP of both M1 and S2 send projections through the SP of S1Bf. Reciprocally, neurons from CP to SP of S1Bf send projections through the SP of M1 and S2. Electrophysiological recordings with multi-electrode arrays in cortical slices revealed weak, but functional synaptic connections between SP and L5/6 within and between S1 and M1. An even lower functional connectivity was observed between S1 and S2. In summary, our findings demonstrate that functional connections between SP and upper cortical layers are not confined to the same cortical area, but corticocortical connection between adjacent cortical areas exist already at the day of birth. Hereby, SP can integrate early cortical activity of M1, S1, and S2 and shape the development of sensorimotor integration at an early stage.
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5
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Chachlaki K, Messina A, Delli V, Leysen V, Maurnyi C, Huber C, Ternier G, Skrapits K, Papadakis G, Shruti S, Kapanidou M, Cheng X, Acierno J, Rademaker J, Rasika S, Quinton R, Niedziela M, L'Allemand D, Pignatelli D, Dirlewander M, Lang-Muritano M, Kempf P, Catteau-Jonard S, Niederländer NJ, Ciofi P, Tena-Sempere M, Garthwaite J, Storme L, Avan P, Hrabovszky E, Carleton A, Santoni F, Giacobini P, Pitteloud N, Prevot V. NOS1 mutations cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with sensory and cognitive deficits that can be reversed in infantile mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabh2369. [PMID: 36197968 PMCID: PMC7613826 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in hypothalamic neurons plays a key role in the regulation of the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is crucial for reproduction. We hypothesized that a disruption of neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) activity underlies some forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on a cohort of 341 probands with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism to identify ultrarare variants in NOS1. The activity of the identified NOS1 mutant proteins was assessed by their ability to promote nitrite and cGMP production in vitro. In addition, physiological and pharmacological characterization was carried out in a Nos1-deficient mouse model. We identified five heterozygous NOS1 loss-of-function mutations in six probands with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (2%), who displayed additional phenotypes including anosmia, hearing loss, and intellectual disability. NOS1 was found to be transiently expressed by GnRH neurons in the nose of both humans and mice, and Nos1 deficiency in mice resulted in dose-dependent defects in sexual maturation as well as in olfaction, hearing, and cognition. The pharmacological inhibition of NO production in postnatal mice revealed a critical time window during which Nos1 activity shaped minipuberty and sexual maturation. Inhaled NO treatment at minipuberty rescued both reproductive and behavioral phenotypes in Nos1-deficient mice. In summary, lack of NOS1 activity led to GnRH deficiency associated with sensory and intellectual comorbidities in humans and mice. NO treatment during minipuberty reversed deficits in sexual maturation, olfaction, and cognition in Nos1 mutant mice, suggesting a potential therapy for humans with NO deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlaki
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France.,Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.,University Research Institute of Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Andrea Messina
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Delli
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Valerie Leysen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Csilla Maurnyi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony St., Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Chieko Huber
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Ternier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony St., Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Georgios Papadakis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Sonal Shruti
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Maria Kapanidou
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Xu Cheng
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - James Acierno
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Jesse Rademaker
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Sowmyalakshmi Rasika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Richard Quinton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute and the Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle , Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Marek Niedziela
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 61-701, Poland
| | - Dagmar L'Allemand
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen 9000, Switzerland
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S João; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; IPATIMUP Research Institute, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Mirjam Dirlewander
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Children's Hospital, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva CH1205, Switzerland
| | - Mariarosaria Lang-Muritano
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zürich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Kempf
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Catteau-Jonard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstretic, Jeanne de Flandres Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Inserm, U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33077, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14004, Spain.,Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC/HURS), Cordoba 14004, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba 14004, Spain
| | - John Garthwaite
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK
| | - Laurent Storme
- FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France.,Department of Neonatology, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Paul Avan
- Université de Clerremont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony St., Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Alan Carleton
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Federico Santoni
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille F-59000, France.,FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille F-59000, France
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6
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Zavalin K, Hassan A, Fu C, Delpire E, Lagrange AH. Loss of KCC2 in GABAergic Neurons Causes Seizures and an Imbalance of Cortical Interneurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:826427. [PMID: 35370549 PMCID: PMC8966887 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.826427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
K-Cl transporter KCC2 is an important regulator of neuronal development and neuronal function at maturity. Through its canonical transporter role, KCC2 maintains inhibitory responses mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors. During development, late onset of KCC2 transporter activity defines the period when depolarizing GABAergic signals promote a wealth of developmental processes. In addition to its transporter function, KCC2 directly interacts with a number of proteins to regulate dendritic spine formation, cell survival, synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and other processes. Either overexpression or loss of KCC2 can lead to abnormal circuit formation, seizures, or even perinatal death. GABA has been reported to be especially important for driving migration and development of cortical interneurons (IN), and we hypothesized that properly timed onset of KCC2 expression is vital to this process. To test this hypothesis, we created a mouse with conditional knockout of KCC2 in Dlx5-lineage neurons (Dlx5 KCC2 cKO), which targets INs and other post-mitotic GABAergic neurons in the forebrain starting during embryonic development. While KCC2 was first expressed in the INs of layer 5 cortex, perinatal IN migrations and laminar localization appeared to be unaffected by the loss of KCC2. Nonetheless, the mice had early seizures, failure to thrive, and premature death in the second and third weeks of life. At this age, we found an underlying change in IN distribution, including an excess number of somatostatin neurons in layer 5 and a decrease in parvalbumin-expressing neurons in layer 2/3 and layer 6. Our research suggests that while KCC2 expression may not be entirely necessary for early IN migration, loss of KCC2 causes an imbalance in cortical interneuron subtypes, seizures, and early death. More work will be needed to define the specific cellular basis for these findings, including whether they are due to abnormal circuit formation versus the sequela of defective IN inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Zavalin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anjana Hassan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cary Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andre H. Lagrange
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Neurology, Tennessee Valley Healthcare – Veterans Affairs (TVH VA), Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Andre H. Lagrange,
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7
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Kourosh-Arami M, Hosseini N, Mohsenzadegan M, Komaki A, Joghataei MT. Neurophysiologic implications of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:617-636. [PMID: 32739909 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and chemical properties of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) have made it a key mediator in many physiological functions and signaling transduction. The NOS monomer is inactive, but the dimer form is active. There are three forms of NOS, which are neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial (eNOS) nitric oxide synthase. nNOS regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis which is the mechanism used mostly by neurons to produce NO. nNOS expression and activation is regulated by some important signaling proteins, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), calmodulin (CaM), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)/HSP70. nNOS-derived NO has been implicated in modulating many physiological functions, such as synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, neurogenesis, etc. In this review, we have summarized recent studies that have characterized structural features, subcellular localization, and factors that regulate nNOS function. Finally, we have discussed the role of nNOS in the developing brain under a wide range of physiological conditions, especially long-term potentiation and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasrin Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Allied Medical College, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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8
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Saavedra L, Wallace K, Freudenrich TF, Mall M, Mundy WR, Davila J, Shafer TJ, Wernig M, Haag D. Comparison of Acute Effects of Neurotoxic Compounds on Network Activity in Human and Rodent Neural Cultures. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:295-312. [PMID: 33537736 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of neuroactive effects of chemicals in cell-based assays remains challenging as complex functional tissue is required for biologically relevant readouts. Recent in vitro models using rodent primary neural cultures grown on multielectrode arrays allow quantitative measurements of neural network activity suitable for neurotoxicity screening. However, robust systems for testing effects on network function in human neural models are still lacking. The increasing number of differentiation protocols for generating neurons from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) holds great potential to overcome the unavailability of human primary tissue and expedite cell-based assays. Yet, the variability in neuronal activity, prolonged ontogeny and rather immature stage of most neuronal cells derived by standard differentiation techniques greatly limit their utility for screening neurotoxic effects on human neural networks. Here, we used excitatory and inhibitory neurons, separately generated by direct reprogramming from hiPSCs, together with primary human astrocytes to establish highly functional cultures with defined cell ratios. Such neuron/glia cocultures exhibited pronounced neuronal activity and robust formation of synchronized network activity on multielectrode arrays, albeit with noticeable delay compared with primary rat cortical cultures. We further investigated acute changes of network activity in human neuron/glia cocultures and rat primary cortical cultures in response to compounds with known adverse neuroactive effects, including gamma amino butyric acid receptor antagonists and multiple pesticides. Importantly, we observed largely corresponding concentration-dependent effects on multiple neural network activity metrics using both neural culture types. These results demonstrate the utility of directly converted neuronal cells from hiPSCs for functional neurotoxicity screening of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Saavedra
- NeuCyte Inc., San Carlos, California 94070, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen Wallace
- BCTD, CCTE, ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Theresa F Freudenrich
- BCTD, CCTE, ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Moritz Mall
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - William R Mundy
- BCTD, CCTE, ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Jorge Davila
- NeuCyte Inc., San Carlos, California 94070, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- BCTD, CCTE, ORD, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Haag
- NeuCyte Inc., San Carlos, California 94070, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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9
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Ghezzi F, Marques-Smith A, Anastasiades PG, Lyngholm D, Vagnoni C, Rowett A, Parameswaran G, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Nakagawa Y, Molnar Z, Butt SJ. Non-canonical role for Lpar1-EGFP subplate neurons in early postnatal mouse somatosensory cortex. eLife 2021; 10:60810. [PMID: 34251335 PMCID: PMC8294844 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subplate neurons (SPNs) are thought to play a role in nascent sensory processing in neocortex. To better understand how heterogeneity within this population relates to emergent function, we investigated the synaptic connectivity of Lpar1-EGFP SPNs through the first postnatal week in whisker somatosensory cortex (S1BF). These SPNs comprise of two morphological subtypes: fusiform SPNs with local axons and pyramidal SPNs with axons that extend through the marginal zone. The former receive translaminar synaptic input up until the emergence of the whisker barrels, a timepoint coincident with significant cell death. In contrast, pyramidal SPNs receive local input from the subplate at early ages but then - during the later time window - acquire input from overlying cortex. Combined electrical and optogenetic activation of thalamic afferents identified that Lpar1-EGFP SPNs receive sparse thalamic innervation. These data reveal components of the postnatal network that interpret sparse thalamic input to direct the emergent columnar structure of S1BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ghezzi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Marques-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Anastasiades
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lyngholm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Vagnoni
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Rowett
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gokul Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yasushi Nakagawa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Zoltan Molnar
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Jb Butt
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Vasung L, Rollins CK, Velasco-Annis C, Yun HJ, Zhang J, Warfield SK, Feldman HA, Gholipour A, Grant PE. Spatiotemporal Differences in the Regional Cortical Plate and Subplate Volume Growth during Fetal Development. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4438-4453. [PMID: 32147720 PMCID: PMC7325717 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regional specification of the cerebral cortex can be described by protomap and protocortex hypotheses. The protomap hypothesis suggests that the regional destiny of cortical neurons and the relative size of the cortical area are genetically determined early during embryonic development. The protocortex hypothesis suggests that the regional growth rate is predominantly shaped by external influences. In order to determine regional volumes of cortical compartments (cortical plate (CP) or subplate (SP)) and estimate their growth rates, we acquired T2-weighted in utero MRIs of 40 healthy fetuses and grouped them into early (<25.5 GW), mid- (25.5-31.6 GW), and late (>31.6 GW) prenatal periods. MRIs were segmented into CP and SP and further parcellated into 22 gyral regions. No significant difference was found between periods in regional volume fractions of the CP or SP. However, during the early and mid-prenatal periods, we found significant differences in relative growth rates (% increase per GW) between regions of cortical compartments. Thus, the relative size of these regions are most likely conserved and determined early during development whereas more subtle growth differences between regions are fine-tuned later, during periods of peak thalamocortical growth. This is in agreement with both the protomap and protocortex hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vasung
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caitlin K Rollins
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clemente Velasco-Annis
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyuk Jin Yun
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennings Zhang
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Simon K Warfield
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Gholipour
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center (FNNDSC), Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Graham DL, Durai HH, Trammell TS, Noble BL, Mortlock DP, Galli A, Stanwood GD. A novel mouse model of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression: A look at the brain. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2445-2470. [PMID: 32170734 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone with a number of functions to maintain energy homeostasis and contribute to motivated behavior, both peripherally and within the central nervous system (CNS). These functions, which include insulin secretion, gastric emptying, satiety, and the hedonic aspects of food and drug intake, are primarily mediated through stimulation of the GLP-1 receptor. While this receptor plays an important role in a variety of physiological outcomes, data regarding its CNS expression has been primarily limited to regional receptor binding and single-label transcript expression studies. We thus developed a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mouse, in which expression of a red fluorescent protein (mApple) is driven by the GLP-1R promoter. Using this reporter mouse, we characterized the regional and cellular expression patterns of GLP-1R expressing cells in the CNS, using double-label immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. GLP-1R-expressing cells were enriched in several key brain regions and circuits, including the lateral septum, hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hippocampus, ventral midbrain, periaqueductal gray, and cerebral cortex. In most regions, GLP-1R primarily colocalized with GABAergic neurons, except within some regions such as the hippocampus, where it was co-expressed in glutamatergic neurons. GLP-1R-mApple cells were highly co-expressed with 5-HT3 receptor-containing neurons within the cortex and striatum, as well as with dopamine receptor- and calbindin-expressing cells within the lateral septum, the brain region in which GLP-1R is most highly expressed. In this manuscript, we provide detailed images of GLP-1R-mApple expression and distribution within the brain and characterization of these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon L Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Heather H Durai
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taylor S Trammell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Brenda L Noble
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Douglas P Mortlock
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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12
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Luhmann HJ, Kirischuk S, Kilb W. The Superior Function of the Subplate in Early Neocortical Development. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:97. [PMID: 30487739 PMCID: PMC6246655 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During early development the structure and function of the cerebral cortex is critically organized by subplate neurons (SPNs), a mostly transient population of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons located below the cortical plate. At the molecular and morphological level SPNs represent a rather diverse population of cells expressing a variety of genetic markers and revealing different axonal-dendritic morphologies. Electrophysiologically SPNs are characterized by their rather mature intrinsic membrane properties and firing patterns. They are connected via electrical and chemical synapses to local and remote neurons, e.g., thalamic relay neurons forming the first thalamocortical input to the cerebral cortex. Therefore SPNs are robustly activated at pre- and perinatal stages by the sensory periphery. Although SPNs play pivotal roles in early neocortical activity, development and plasticity, they mostly disappear by programmed cell death during further maturation. On the one hand, SPNs may be selectively vulnerable to hypoxia-ischemia contributing to brain damage, on the other hand there is some evidence that enhanced survival rates or alterations in SPN distribution may contribute to the etiology of neurological or psychiatric disorders. This review aims to give a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the many functions of SPNs during early physiological and pathophysiological development of the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergei Kirischuk
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Ernst L, Darschnik S, Roos J, González-Gómez M, Beemelmans C, Beemelmans C, Engelhardt M, Meyer G, Wahle P. Fast prenatal development of the NPY neuron system in the neocortex of the European wild boar, Sus scrofa. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3855-3873. [PMID: 30094604 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on cortical development is based mainly on small rodents besides primates and carnivores, all being altricial nestlings. Ungulates are precocial and born with nearly mature sensory and motor systems. Almost no information is available on ungulate brain development. Here, we analyzed European wild boar cortex development, focusing on the neuropeptide Y immunoreactive (NPY-ir) neuron system in dorsoparietal cortex from E35 to P30. Transient NPY-ir neuron types including archaic cells of the cortical plate and axonal loop cells of the subplate which appear by E60 concurrent with the establishment of the ungulate brain basic sulcal pattern. From E70, NPY-ir axons have an axon initial segment which elongates and shifts closer towards the axon's point of origin until P30. From E85 onwards (birth at E114), NPY-ir neurons in cortical layers form basket cell-like local and Martinotti cell-like ascending axonal projections. The mature NPY-ir pattern is recognizable at E110. Together, morphologies are conserved across species, but timing is not: in pig, the adult pattern largely forms prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ernst
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Darschnik
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes Roos
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, CBTM, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Unit of Histology, Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Christa Beemelmans
- Regionalverband Ruhr Grün, Forsthof Üfter Mark, Forsthausweg 306, 46514, Schermbeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Beemelmans
- Regionalverband Ruhr Grün, Forsthof Üfter Mark, Forsthausweg 306, 46514, Schermbeck, Germany
| | - Maren Engelhardt
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, CBTM, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gundela Meyer
- Unit of Histology, Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38200, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Petra Wahle
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44870, Bochum, Germany.
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14
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Liu M, Fitzgibbon M, Wang Y, Reilly J, Qian X, O'Brien T, Clapcote S, Shen S, Roche M. Ulk4 regulates GABAergic signaling and anxiety-related behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:43. [PMID: 29391390 PMCID: PMC5804027 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitation/inhibition imbalance has been proposed as a fundamental mechanism in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, in which copy number variations of the Unc-51 like kinase 4 (ULK4) gene encoding a putative Serine/Threonine kinase have been reported in approximately 1/1000 of patients suffering pleiotropic clinical conditions of schizophrenia, depression, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay, language delay, intellectual disability, or behavioral disorder. The current study characterized behavior of heterozygous Ulk4 +/tm1a mice, demonstrating that Ulk4 +/tm1a mice displayed no schizophrenia-like behavior in acoustic startle reactivity and prepulse inhibition tests or depressive-like behavior in the Porsolt swim or tail suspension tests. However, Ulk4 +/tm1a mice exhibited an anxiety-like behavioral phenotype in several tests. Previously identified hypo-anxious (Atp1a2, Ptn, and Mdk) and hyper-anxious (Gria1, Syngap1, and Npy2r) genes were found to be dysregulated accordingly in Ulk4 mutants. Ulk4 was found to be expressed in GABAergic neurons and the Gad67+ interneurons were significantly reduced in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala of Ulk4 +/tm1a mice. Transcriptome analyses revealed a marked reduction of GABAergic neuronal subtypes, including Pvalb, Sst, Cck, Npy, and Nos3, as well as significant upregulation of GABA receptors, including Gabra1, Gabra3, Gabra4, Gabra5, and Gabrb3. This is the first evidence that Ulk4 plays a major role in regulating GABAergic signaling and anxiety-like behavior, which may have implications for the development of novel anxiolytic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marie Fitzgibbon
- Physiology, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jamie Reilly
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Xiaohong Qian
- National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Steve Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sanbing Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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15
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Butt SJ, Stacey JA, Teramoto Y, Vagnoni C. A role for GABAergic interneuron diversity in circuit development and plasticity of the neonatal cerebral cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 43:149-155. [PMID: 28399421 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons are a highly heterogeneous group of cells that are critical for the mature function and development of the neocortex. In terms of the latter, much attention has focused on the well-established role of parvalbumin (PV+)-expressing, fast spiking, basket cells in determining the critical period plasticity. However recent endeavours have started to shed the light on the contribution of other interneuron subtypes to early circuit formation and plasticity. Data suggests that there are significant interactions between PV+ cells and other interneuron subtypes that regulate circuit development in rodents in the first postnatal week. Moreover, a number of these early interactions are transient which points to an important, distinct role for interneuron diversity in setting up emergent neocortical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jb Butt
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Jacqueline A Stacey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Yayoi Teramoto
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Cristiana Vagnoni
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
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