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Brain-heart communication in health and diseases. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:27-37. [PMID: 35217133 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tight connections between the brain and heart have attracted a considerable amount of attention. This review focuses on the anatomical (extrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system and intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system) and functional (neuroendocrine-heart axis and neuroimmune-heart axis) connections between the brain and heart, the linkage between central nervous system diseases and cardiovascular diseases, the harm of sympathetic hyperactivity to the heart, and current neuromodulation therapies. Depression is a comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases, and the two are causally related. This review summarizes the mechanisms and treatment of depression and cardiovascular diseases, providing theoretical evidence for basic research and clinical studies to improve treatment options.
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Chen YM, Yu XJ, Liu KL, Gao HL, Li Y, Sun TZ, Shi XL, Li HB, Zhu GQ, Qi J, Kang YM. Inhibition of Hypothalamic Inhibitor κB Kinase β/Nuclear Transcription Factor κB Pathway Attenuates Metabolism and Cardiac Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:899-913. [PMID: 31671427 DOI: 10.1159/000504444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in energy imbalance and its complications. Recent research indicates that hypothalamic inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and cardiac dysfunction, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that suppression of the proinflammatory IKKβ/NF-κB pathway in the hypothalamus can improve energy balance and cardiac function in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. METHODS Normal and T2D rats received bilateral hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) infusions of the IKKβ inhibitor SC-514 or vehicle via osmotic minipump. Metabolic phenotyping, immunohistochemical analyses, and biochemical analyses were used to investigate the outcomes of inhibition of the hypothalamic IKKβ. Echocardiography and glucometer were used for measuring cardiac function and blood glucose, respectively. Blood samples were collected for the evaluation of circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Heart was harvested for cardiac morphology evaluations. The ARC was harvested and analyzed for IKKβ, NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NAD(P)H (gp91phox, p47phox) oxidase activity levels and neuropeptides. RESULTS Compared with normal rats, T2D rats were characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, cardiac dysfunction, as well as higher ARC levels of IKKβ, NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, ROS, gp91phox, and p47phox. ARC infusion of the IKKβ inhibitor SC-514 attenuated all these changes in T2D rats, but not in normal rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the hypothalamic IKKβ/NF-κB pathway plays a key role in modulating energy imbalance and cardiac dysfunction, suggesting its potential therapeutic role during type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Ze Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Tanida M, Zhang T, Sun L, Song J, Yang W, Kuda Y, Kurata Y, Shibamoto T. Anaphylactic hypotension causes renal and adrenal sympathoexcitaion and induces c-fos in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. Exp Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29524326 DOI: 10.1113/ep086809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Whether anaphylaxis affects sympathetic outflows to the brown adipose tissue (BAT) and adrenal gland and whether anaphylaxis affects some brain areas in association with sympathetic regulation. What is the main finding and its importance? Sympathoexcitatory responses to anaphylaxis occurred regionally in the kidney and adrenal gland, but not in the thermogenesis-related BAT. Further, anaphylactic hypotension also caused increase in c-fos immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic and medullary areas. Moreover, catecholaminergic neurons of the brainstem cause adrenal sympathoexcitation in a baroreceptor-independent manner. ABSTRACT We previously reported that sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to the kidney and the hindlimb increases during anaphylactic hypotension in anaesthetized rats. Based on this evidence, we examined effects of anaphylactic hypotension on SNA to the brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the adrenal gland and kidney in anaesthetized rats. We demonstrated that adrenal and renal SNA, but not BAT-SNA, were stimulated. In addition, the effects of anaphylaxis on neural activities of the hypothalamic and medullary nuclei, which are candidates for relaying efferent SNA to the peripheral organs, were investigated via immunohistochemical staining of c-fos. Anaphylaxis increased c-fos expression in the neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and in those of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of the medulla oblongata; c-fos was expressed in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons of the NTS and in the catecholaminergic neurons of the RVLM. In addition, c-fos expression in the rostral NTS and mid NTS during anaphylaxis was reduced by sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation; however, increased c-fos expression in the caudal NTS and RVLM or adrenal sympathoexcitation were not affected by sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation. These results indicated that anaphylactic hypotension activates the hypothalamic PVN and the medullary NTS and RVLM independently of the baroreflex pathway. Further, it stimulated efferent SNA to the adrenal gland and kidney to restore blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tanida
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.,Department of Colorectal and Hernia Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.,Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.,Department of Infectious Disease, The Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110009, China
| | - Yuichi Kuda
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toshishige Shibamoto
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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Maruyama M, Hotta N, Nio Y, Hamagami K, Nagi T, Funata M, Sakamoto J, Nakakariya M, Amano N, Nishida M, Okawa T, Arikawa Y, Sasaki S, Kasai S, Nagisa Y, Habata Y, Mori M. Bombesin receptor subtype-3-expressing neurons regulate energy homeostasis through a novel neuronal pathway in the hypothalamus. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00881. [PMID: 29568682 PMCID: PMC5853643 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) has been suggested to play a potential role in energy homeostasis. However, the physiological mechanism of BRS-3 on energy homeostasis remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the BRS-3-mediated neuronal pathway involved in food intake and energy expenditure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of BRS-3 in the rat brain was histologically examined. The BRS-3 neurons activated by refeeding-induced satiety or a BRS-3 agonist were identified by c-Fos immunostaining. We also analyzed expression changes in feeding-relating peptides in the brain of fasted rats administered with the BRS-3 agonist. RESULTS In the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), and medial preoptic area (MPA), strong c-Fos induction was observed in the BRS-3 neurons especially in PVH after refeeding. However, the BRS-3 neurons in the PVH did not express feeding-regulating peptides, while the BRS-3 agonist administration induced c-Fos expression in the DMH and MPA, which were not refeeding-sensitive, as well as in the PVH. The BRS-3 agonist administration changed the Pomc and Cart mRNA level in several brain regions of fasted rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BRS-3 neurons in the PVH are a novel functional subdivision in the PVH that regulates feeding behavior. As the MPA and DMH are reportedly involved in thermoregulation and energy metabolism, the BRS-3 neurons in the MPA/DMH might mediate the energy expenditure control. POMC and CART may contribute to BRS-3 neuron-mediated energy homeostasis regulation. In summary, BRS-3-expressing neurons could regulate energy homeostasis through a novel neuronal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Maruyama
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Natsu Hotta
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasunori Nio
- Extra Value Generation & General Medicine Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kenichi Hamagami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Toshimi Nagi
- Central Nervous System Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masaaki Funata
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Junichi Sakamoto
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masanori Nakakariya
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research LaboratoriesTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Amano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research LaboratoriesTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishida
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okawa
- Central Nervous System Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Arikawa
- Central Nervous System Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shinobu Sasaki
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories Pharmaceutical Research Division Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shizuo Kasai
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nagisa
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan.,Present address: CVM Marketing Japan Pharma Business UnitTakeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.12-10, Nihonbashi 2-Chome, Chuo-ku Tokyo 103-8686 Japan
| | - Yugo Habata
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan.,Present address: Foods & Nutrients Yamanashi Gakuin Junior College Sakaori 2-4-5, Kofu Yamanashi 400-8575 Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
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