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Vermoyal JC, Hardy D, Goirand-Lopez L, Vinck A, Silvagnoli L, Fortoul A, Francis F, Cappello S, Bureau I, Represa A, Cardoso C, Watrin F, Marissal T, Manent JB. Grey matter heterotopia subtypes show specific morpho-electric signatures and network dynamics. Brain 2024; 147:996-1010. [PMID: 37724593 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Grey matter heterotopia (GMH) are neurodevelopmental disorders associated with abnormal cortical function and epilepsy. Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) are two well-recognized GMH subtypes in which neurons are misplaced, either forming nodules lining the ventricles in PVNH, or forming bands in the white matter in SBH. Although both PVNH and SBH are commonly associated with epilepsy, it is unclear whether these two GMH subtypes differ in terms of pathological consequences or, on the contrary, share common altered mechanisms. Here, we studied two robust preclinical models of SBH and PVNH, and performed a systematic comparative assessment of the physiological and morphological diversity of heterotopia neurons, as well as the dynamics of epileptiform activity and input connectivity. We uncovered a complex set of altered properties, including both common and distinct physiological and morphological features across heterotopia subtypes, and associated with specific dynamics of epileptiform activity. Taken together, these results suggest that pro-epileptic circuits in GMH are, at least in part, composed of neurons with distinct, subtype-specific, physiological and morphological properties depending on the heterotopia subtype. Our work supports the notion that GMH represent a complex set of disorders, associating both shared and diverging pathological consequences, and contributing to forming epileptogenic networks with specific properties. A deeper understanding of these properties may help to refine current GMH classification schemes by identifying morpho-electric signatures of GMH subtypes, to potentially inform new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Vermoyal
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Delphine Hardy
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Lucas Goirand-Lopez
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Antonin Vinck
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Lucas Silvagnoli
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Aurélien Fortoul
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM, Sorbonne University, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Ingrid Bureau
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Alfonso Represa
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Françoise Watrin
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Thomas Marissal
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Manent
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille 13009, France
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2
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Keever KM, Li Y, Womble PD, Sullens DG, Otazu GH, Lugo JN, Ramos RL. Neocortical and cerebellar malformations affect flurothyl-induced seizures in female C57BL/6J mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1271744. [PMID: 38027492 PMCID: PMC10651747 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1271744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain malformations cause cognitive disability and seizures in both human and animal models. Highly laminated structures such as the neocortex and cerebellum are vulnerable to malformation, affecting lamination and neuronal connectivity as well as causing heterotopia. The objective of the present study was to determine if sporadic neocortical and/or cerebellar malformations in C57BL/6J mice are correlated with reduced seizure threshold. The inhaled chemi-convulsant flurothyl was used to induce generalized, tonic-clonic seizures in male and female C57BL/6J mice, and the time to seizure onset was recorded as a functional correlate of brain excitability changes. Following seizures, mice were euthanized, and brains were extracted for histology. Cryosections of the neocortex and cerebellar vermis were stained and examined for the presence of molecular layer heterotopia as previously described in C57BL/6J mice. Over 60% of mice had neocortical and/or cerebellar heterotopia. No sex differences were observed in the prevalence of malformations. Significantly reduced seizure onset time was observed dependent on sex and the type of malformation present. These results raise important questions regarding the presence of malformations in C57BL/6J mice used in the study of brain development, epilepsy, and many other diseases of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Keever
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Paige D. Womble
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - D. Gregory Sullens
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Gonzalo H. Otazu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Joaquin N. Lugo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Raddy L. Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
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3
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Otazu GH, Li Y, Lodato Z, Elnasher A, Keever KM, Li Y, Ramos RL. Neurodevelopmental malformations of the cerebellum and neocortex in the Shank3 and Cntnap2 mouse models of autism. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136257. [PMID: 34555490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are many mouse models of autism with broad use in neuroscience research. Genetic background can be a major contributor to the phenotype observed in any mouse model of disease, including genetic models of autism. C57BL/6 mice display spontaneous glio-neuronal heterotopia in the cerebellar vermis and neocortex which may also exist in mouse models of autism created on this background. In the present report, we document the presence of cerebellar and neocortical heterotopia in heterozygous and KO Shank3 and Cntnap2 mice which are due to the C57BL/6 genotype and discuss the role these malformations may play in research using these genetic models of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo H Otazu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Zachary Lodato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Adel Elnasher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Katherine M Keever
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Raddy L Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States.
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4
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Martineau FS, Sahu S, Plantier V, Buhler E, Schaller F, Fournier L, Chazal G, Kawasaki H, Represa A, Watrin F, Manent JB. Correct Laminar Positioning in the Neocortex Influences Proper Dendritic and Synaptic Development. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2976-2990. [PMID: 29788228 PMCID: PMC6041803 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The neocortex is a 6-layered laminated structure with a precise anatomical and functional organization ensuring proper function. Laminar positioning of cortical neurons, as determined by termination of neuronal migration, is a key determinant of their ability to assemble into functional circuits. However, the exact contribution of laminar placement to dendrite morphogenesis and synapse formation remains unclear. Here we manipulated the laminar position of cortical neurons by knocking down doublecortin (Dcx), a crucial effector of migration, and show that misplaced neurons fail to properly form dendrites, spines, and functional glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. We further show that knocking down Dcx in properly positioned neurons induces similar but milder defects, suggesting that the laminar misplacement is the primary cause of altered neuronal development. Thus, the specific laminar environment of their fated layers is crucial for the maturation of cortical neurons, and influences their functional integration into developing cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surajit Sahu
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U901, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Alfonso Represa
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U901, Marseille, France
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5
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Collins SC, Uzquiano A, Selloum M, Wendling O, Gaborit M, Osipenko M, Birling MC, Yalcin B, Francis F. The neuroanatomy of Eml1 knockout mice, a model of subcortical heterotopia. J Anat 2019; 235:637-650. [PMID: 31173351 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is a highly organized structure responsible for advanced cognitive functions. Its development relies on a series of steps including neural progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal migration, axonal outgrowth and brain wiring. Disruption of these steps leads to cortical malformations, often associated with intellectual disability and epilepsy. We have generated a new resource to shed further light on subcortical heterotopia, a malformation characterized by abnormal neuronal position. We describe here the generation and characterization of a knockout (KO) mouse model for Eml1, a microtubule-associated protein showing mutations in human ribbon-like subcortical heterotopia. As previously reported for a spontaneous mouse mutant showing a mutation in Eml1, we observe severe cortical heterotopia in the KO. We also observe abnormal progenitor cells in early corticogenesis, likely to be the origin of the defects. EML1 KO mice on the C57BL/6N genetic background also appear to present a wider phenotype than the original mouse mutant, showing additional brain anomalies, such as corpus callosum abnormalities. We compare the anatomy of male and female mice and also study heterozygote animals. This new resource will help unravel roles for Eml1 in brain development and tissue architecture, as well as the mechanisms leading to severe subcortical heterotopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Collins
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Ana Uzquiano
- INSERM UMR S-1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR S-1270, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marion Gaborit
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Maria Osipenko
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM UMR S-1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR S-1270, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
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6
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Toia AR, Cuoco JA, Esposito AW, Ahsan J, Joshi A, Herron BJ, Torres G, Bolivar VJ, Ramos RL. Divergence and inheritance of neocortical heterotopia in inbred and genetically-engineered mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 638:175-180. [PMID: 27993709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cortical function emerges from the intrinsic properties of neocortical neurons and their synaptic connections within and across lamina. Neurodevelopmental disorders affecting migration and lamination of the neocortex result in cognitive delay/disability and epilepsy. Molecular layer heterotopia (MLH), a dysplasia characterized by over-migration of neurons into layer I, are associated with cognitive deficits and neuronal hyperexcitability in humans and mice. The breadth of different inbred mouse strains that exhibit MLH and inheritance patterns of heterotopia remain unknown. A neuroanatomical survey of numerous different inbred mouse strains, 2 first filial generation (F1) hybrids, and one consomic strain (C57BL/6J-Chr 1A/J/NaJ) revealed MLH only in C57BL/6 mice and the consomic strain. Heterotopia were observed in numerous genetically-engineered mouse lines on a congenic C57BL/6 background. These data indicate that heterotopia formation is a weakly penetrant trait requiring homozygosity of one or more C57BL/6 alleles outside of chromosome 1. These data are relevant toward understanding neocortical development and disorders affecting neocortical lamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Toia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Joshua A Cuoco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Anthony W Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Jawad Ahsan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Alok Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Bruce J Herron
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12208, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12201, United States
| | - German Torres
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Valerie J Bolivar
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12208, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12201, United States
| | - Raddy L Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States.
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