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Moppert S, Mercado E. Contributions of dysfunctional plasticity mechanisms to the development of atypical perceptual processing. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22504. [PMID: 38837411 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Experimental studies of sensory plasticity during development in birds and mammals have highlighted the importance of sensory experiences for the construction and refinement of functional neural circuits. We discuss how dysregulation of experience-dependent brain plasticity can lead to abnormal perceptual representations that may contribute to heterogeneous deficits symptomatic of several neurodevelopmental disorders. We focus on alterations of somatosensory processing and the dynamic reorganization of cortical synaptic networks that occurs during early perceptual development. We also discuss the idea that the heterogeneity of strengths and weaknesses observed in children with neurodevelopmental disorders may be a direct consequence of altered plasticity mechanisms during early development. Treating the heterogeneity of perceptual developmental trajectories as a phenomenon worthy of study rather than as an experimental confound that should be overcome may be key to developing interventions that better account for the complex developmental trajectories experienced by modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Moppert
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Eduardo Mercado
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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2
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Zeller D, Hiew S, Odorfer T, Nguemeni C. Considering the response in addition to the challenge - a narrative review in appraisal of a motor reserve framework. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5772-5791. [PMID: 38499388 PMCID: PMC11006496 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable increase in human life expectancy over the past century has been achieved at the expense of the risk of age-related impairment and disease. Neurodegeneration, be it part of normal aging or due to neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by loss of specific neuronal populations, leading to increasing clinical impairment. The individual course may be described as balance between aging- or disease-related pathology and intrinsic mechanisms of adaptation. There is plenty of evidence that the human brain is provided with exhaustible resources to maintain function in the face of adverse conditions. While a reserve concept has mainly been coined in cognitive neuroscience, emerging evidence suggests similar mechanisms to underlie individual differences of adaptive capacity within the motor system. In this narrative review, we summarize what has been proposed to date about a motor reserve (mR) framework. We present current evidence from research in aging subjects and people with neurological conditions, followed by a description of what is known about potential neuronal substrates of mR so far. As there is no gold standard of mR quantification, we outline current approaches which describe various indicators of mR. We conclude by sketching out potential future directions of research. Expediting our understanding of differences in individual motor resilience towards aging and disease will eventually contribute to new, individually tailored therapeutic strategies. Provided early diagnosis, enhancing the individual mR may be suited to postpone disease onset by years and may be an efficacious contribution towards healthy aging, with an increased quality of life for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zeller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Shawn Hiew
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Thorsten Odorfer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Carine Nguemeni
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
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3
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Westemeyer RM, Dietsch AM. Comparing Taste Perception Across Modalities in Healthy Adults: Liquids Versus Dissolvable Taste Strips. Dysphagia 2024; 39:52-62. [PMID: 37243729 PMCID: PMC10221740 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Taste stimulation has rehabilitative value in dysphagia management, as it activates salient underlying afferent pathways to swallowing which may evoke feedforward effects on swallow biomechanics. Despite its potential beneficial effects on swallow physiology, taste stimulation's clinical application is limited for persons unsafe to orally consume food/liquid. This study aimed to create edible, dissolvable taste strips matched to flavor profiles previously used in research assessing taste's effects on swallowing physiology and brain activity, and to evaluate how similar their perceived intensity and hedonic, or palatability, ratings were between their liquid counterparts. Plain, sour, sweet-sour, lemon, and orange flavor profiles were custom-made in taste strips and liquid modalities. The generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale and hedonic generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale were used to assess intensity and palatability ratings for flavor profiles in each modality. Healthy participants were recruited and stratified across age and sex. Liquids were rated as more intense than taste strips; however, there was no difference in palatability ratings between the modalities. There were significant differences across flavor profiles in intensity and palatability ratings. Collapsed across liquid and taste strip modalities, pairwise comparisons revealed all flavored stimuli were rated as more intense than the plain profile, sour was perceived as more intense and less palatable than all other profiles, and orange was rated as more palatable than sour, lemon, and plain tastants. Taste strips have useful implications for dysphagia management, as they could offer safe and patient-preferred flavor profiles to potentially provide advantageous swallowing and neural hemodynamic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Westemeyer
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4075 East Campus Loop, BKC 101W, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Angela M Dietsch
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4075 East Campus Loop, BKC 101W, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
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Huang Y, Meng S, Wu B, Shi H, Wang Y, Xiang J, Li J, Shi Z, Wu G, Lyu Y, Jia X, Hu J, Xu ZX, Gao Y. HSPB2 facilitates neural regeneration through autophagy for sensorimotor recovery after traumatic brain injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168919. [PMID: 37606039 PMCID: PMC10543718 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a promising target for promoting neural regeneration, which is essential for sensorimotor recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether neuronal heat shock protein B2 (HSPB2), a small molecular heat shock protein, reduces injury and promotes recovery following TBI remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that HSPB2 was significantly increased in the neurons of a TBI mouse model, patients, and primary neuron cultures subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation and reperfusion treatment. Upon creating a tamoxifen-induced neuron-specific HSPB2 overexpression transgenic mouse model, we found that elevated HSPB2 levels promoted long-term sensorimotor recovery and alleviated tissue loss after TBI. We also demonstrated that HSPB2 enhanced white matter structural and functional integrity, promoted central nervous system (CNS) plasticity, and accelerated long-term neural remodeling. Moreover, we found that autophagy occurred around injured brain tissues in patients, and the pro-regenerative effects of HSPB2 relied on its autophagy-promoting function. Mechanistically, HSPB2 may regulate autophagy possibly by forming the HSPB2/BCL2-associated athanogene 3/sequestosome-1 complex to facilitate the clearance of erroneously accumulated proteins in the axons. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine during the acute stage or delayed induction of HSPB2 remarkably impeded HSPB2's long-term reparative function, indicating the importance of acute-stage autophagy in long-term neuro-regeneration. Our findings highlight the beneficial role of HSPB2 in neuro-regeneration and functional recovery following acute CNS injury, thereby emphasizing the therapeutic potential of autophagy regulation for enhancing neuro-regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
| | - Shan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
| | - Biwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
| | - Jiakun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
| | - Ziyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanchen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
| | - Xu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science; and
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Wang T, Zhang Y, Nan J, Li J, Lei J, Guo S. Surface-based morphometry study of brain in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. Eur J Radiol 2023; 160:110711. [PMID: 36731402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although cortical volume abnormalities are frequently detected in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning (COP), particularly delayed neurological sequelae (DNS), the associated changes in cortical thickness and shape patterns remain unknown. MATERIALS & METHODS Using surface-based morphometry, we investigated the differences in cortical thickness and shape indices between a COP group (n = 44) vs healthy controls (HCs, n = 36), and between the DNS (n = 21) vs non-DNS (n = 23) subgroups. Additionally, the influence of cortical damage on neurological disorders was explored. RESULTS The COP group exhibited significant cortical thinning mainly in the bilateral fronto-parietal lobes (P < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). When cortical thinning in the bilateral parietal lobes, bilateral primary motor areas, left primary sensory areas, and bilateral paracentral lobules was explored in the DNS subgroups compared to the non-DNS subgroup (P < 0.05, FWE corrected), no differences in shape indices between the two subgroups were noted. In the COP group, there were significant positive correlations between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and cortical thickness in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and bilateral rostral middle frontal gyrus (rMFG) (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). There was no any significant correlation between cortical thickness and Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), UPDRS III scores (P > 0.05, FDR-corrected). CONCLUSION Cortical thickness is a more sensitive index than shape for measuring cortical damage in patients with COP exposure, as cortical thinning in the right SFG and bilateral rMFG is related to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Wang
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiang Nan
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junqiang Lei
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shunlin Guo
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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6
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Chen MH, Tu PC, Su TP. Next generation antidepressants with novel mechanisms for treatment resistant depression. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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7
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Gulyaeva NV. Multi-Level Plasticity-Pathology Continuum of the Nervous System: Functional Aspects. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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The Lateralization of Spatial Cognition in Table Tennis Players: Neuroplasticity in the Dominant Hemisphere. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121607. [PMID: 36552067 PMCID: PMC9775476 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial cognition facilitates the successful completion of specific cognitive tasks through lateral processing and neuroplasticity. Long-term training in table tennis induces neural processing efficiency in the visuospatial cognitive processing cortex of athletes. However, the lateralization characteristics and neural mechanisms of visual−spatial cognitive processing in table tennis players in non-sport domains are unclear. This study utilized event-related potentials to investigate differences in the spatial cognition abilities of regular college students (controls) and table tennis players. A total of 48 participants (28 controls; 20 s-level national table tennis players) completed spatial cognitive tasks while electroencephalography data were recorded. Task performance was better in the table tennis group than in the control group (reaction time: P < 0.001; correct number/sec: P = 0.043), P3 amplitude was greater in the table tennis group (P = 0.040), spatial cognition showed obvious lateralization characteristics (P < 0.001), table tennis players showed a more obvious right-hemisphere advantage, and the P3 amplitude in the right hemisphere was significantly greater in table tennis athletes than in the control group. (P = 0.044). Our findings demonstrate a right-hemisphere advantage in spatial cognition. Long-term training strengthened the visual−spatial processing ability of table tennis players, and this advantage effect was reflected in the neuroplasticity of the right hemisphere (the dominant hemisphere for spatial processing).
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Nistor-Cseppentö DC, Jurcău MC, Jurcău A, Andronie-Cioară FL, Marcu F. Stem Cell- and Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:717. [PMID: 36421118 PMCID: PMC9687728 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second cause of disability worldwide as it is expected to increase its incidence and prevalence. Despite efforts to increase the number of patients eligible for recanalization therapies, a significant proportion of stroke survivors remain permanently disabled. This outcome boosted the search for efficient neurorestorative methods. Stem cells act through multiple pathways: cell replacement, the secretion of growth factors, promoting endogenous reparative pathways, angiogenesis, and the modulation of neuroinflammation. Although neural stem cells are difficult to obtain, pose a series of ethical issues, and require intracerebral delivery, mesenchymal stem cells are less immunogenic, are easy to obtain, and can be transplanted via intravenous, intra-arterial, or intranasal routes. Extracellular vesicles and exosomes have similar actions and are easier to obtain, also allowing for engineering to deliver specific molecules or RNAs and to promote the desired effects. Appropriate timing, dosing, and delivery protocols must be established, and the possibility of tumorigenesis must be settled. Nonetheless, stem cell- and cell-based therapies for stroke have already entered clinical trials. Although safe, the evidence for efficacy is less impressive so far. Hopefully, the STEP guidelines and the SPAN program will improve the success rate. As such, stem cell- and cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke holds great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppentö
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Anamaria Jurcău
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioară
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Sun R, Zhang SY, Cheng X, Zhang P, Qiao PG, Li GJ. Changes in sensory-related brain networks of patients with moyamoya disease with limb paresthesia: A resting-state fMRI-based functional connectivity analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103267. [PMID: 36510412 PMCID: PMC9668639 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study's aim was to investigate functional brain connectivity changes among patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) with limb paresthesia, using functional connectivity analysis based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). A total of 181 patients with MMD were enrolled, including 57 with left limb paresthesia (MLP group), 61 with right limb paresthesia (MRP group), and 63 without paresthesia (MWP group). Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) was performed in 20 of the 57 patients with left limb paresthesia and 15 of the 61 patients with right limb paresthesia. Twenty-nine age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC group) were recruited during the same period. All participants underwent rs-fMRI examination, and the patients treated with EDAS were re-examined 3-4 months after the surgery. After data preprocessing, we selected Brodmann area 3 on each side of the brain as the seed region to construct a functional connectivity network of the whole brain, and then we analyzed the differences in functional connectivity between the HC group, MWP group, MLP group, and MRP group. The functional connectivity of Brodmann area 3 (on either side) with the ipsilateral frontal (superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus) and parietal (supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, and superior parietal lobule) cortices was increased among patients with MMD. The functional connectivity enhancement in these brain regions was broader and greater in patients with contralateral limb paresthesia than in patients without paresthesia, and the regions with functional connectivity changes were roughly distributed symmetrically among the MLP group and the MRP group. There were no changes 3-4 months after EDAS in the increased functional connectivity between the frontal and parietal cortices and Brodmann area 3. Limb paresthesia in patients with MMD may be driven by abnormal functional connectivity in the frontal and parietal cortices. Functional changes in associated brain regions may be a target for evaluating the severity of MMD and its response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujing Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Gang Qiao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Corresponding authors at: Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, China, (P.-G. Qiao). Department of Radiology, Affiliated hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, #8 Fengtai dong street, Fengtai district, Beijing 100071, China, (G.-J. Li).
| | - Gong-Jie Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Corresponding authors at: Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, China, (P.-G. Qiao). Department of Radiology, Affiliated hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, #8 Fengtai dong street, Fengtai district, Beijing 100071, China, (G.-J. Li).
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Mirifar A, Keil A, Ehrlenspiel F. Neurofeedback and neural self-regulation: a new perspective based on allostasis. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:607-629. [PMID: 35122709 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The field of neurofeedback training (NFT) has seen growing interest and an expansion of scope, resulting in a steadily increasing number of publications addressing different aspects of NFT. This development has been accompanied by a debate about the underlying mechanisms and expected outcomes. Recent developments in the understanding of psychophysiological regulation have cast doubt on the validity of control systems theory, the principal framework traditionally used to characterize NFT. The present article reviews the theoretical and empirical aspects of NFT and proposes a predictive framework based on the concept of allostasis. Specifically, we conceptualize NFT as an adaptation to changing contingencies. In an allostasis four-stage model, NFT involves (a) perceiving relations between demands and set-points, (b) learning to apply collected patterns (experience) to predict future output, (c) determining efficient set-points, and (d) adapting brain activity to the desired ("set") state. This model also identifies boundaries for what changes can be expected from a neurofeedback intervention and outlines a time frame for such changes to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mirifar
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Sport Psychology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.,Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Keil
- Center for the Study of Emotion & Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Felix Ehrlenspiel
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Sport Psychology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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Ponticorvo S, Manara R, Cassandro E, Canna A, Scarpa A, Troisi D, Cassandro C, Cuoco S, Cappiello A, Pellecchia MT, Salle FD, Esposito F. Cross-modal connectivity effects in age-related hearing loss. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 111:1-13. [PMID: 34915240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related sensorineural hearing loss (HL) leads to localized brain changes in the primary auditory cortex, long-range functional alterations, and is considered a risk factor for dementia. Nonhuman studies have repeatedly highlighted cross-modal brain plasticity in sensorial brain networks other than those primarily involved in the peripheral damage, thus in this study, the possible cortical alterations associated with HL have been analyzed using a whole-brain multimodal connectomic approach. Fifty-two HL and 30 normal hearing participants were examined in a 3T MRI study along with audiological and neurological assessments. Between-regions functional connectivity and whole-brain probabilistic tractography were calculated in a connectome-based manner and graph theory was used to obtain low-dimensional features for the analysis of brain connectivity at global and local levels. The HL condition was associated with a different functional organization of the visual subnetwork as revealed by a significant increase in global efficiency, density, and clustering coefficient. These functional effects were mirrored by similar (but more subtle) structural effects suggesting that a functional repurposing of visual cortical centers occurs to compensate for age-related loss of hearing abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ponticorvo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Renzo Manara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ettore Cassandro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonietta Canna
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Scarpa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Donato Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Claudia Cassandro
- University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sofia Cuoco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Arianna Cappiello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Salle
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.
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Sharma S, Raj K, Singh S. Protective effects of cerebrolysin against chemotherapy (carmustine) induced cognitive impairment in Albino mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2769-2779. [PMID: 34674598 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1991195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) comprises different neurological problems, including difficulty in learning new things, concentrating and making decisions that affect daily life activities. Clinical reports indicate that around 70% of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy suffer from cognitive impairment. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of widely used anticancer medication (Carmustine) on cognitive function using mice model and investigation of the neuroprotective effects of Cerebrolysin (CBN). Cerebrolysin (CBN) is a mixture of several neurotrophic factors and active peptides with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective actions. Our study aimed to establish a mice model of Carmustine (BCNU)-induced cognitive deficits and determine the protective effects of CBN. BCNU (10 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered to mice for 28 days, and behavioral parameters were measured on a weekly basis. CBN (44 and 88 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered daily from day 1 to 28 to BCNU treatment mice. All animals were sacrificed on day 29 and brain hippocampus tissues were used for biochemical, neuroinflammatory, neurotransmitters analysis. BCNU administration animals showed impaired cognition and memory, confirmed from behavioral analysis. Further, BCNU increased oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines release and altered neurotransmitters concentration as compared to the control group (p < 0.01). However, mice treated with CBN (44 and 88 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly and dose-dependently improved cognitive functions, reduced oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines and restored neurotransmitters concentration as compared to BCNU administered mice (p < 0.05). The finding of current study suggested that CBN could be the promising compound to reverse cognitive impairment associated with use of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Khadga Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Acute intermittent hypoxia evokes ventilatory long-term facilitation and active expiration in unanesthetized rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 294:103768. [PMID: 34343692 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) modifies the functioning of the respiratory network, causing respiratory motor facilitation in anesthetized animals and a compensatory increase in pulmonary ventilation in freely behaving animals. However, it is still unclear whether the ventilatory facilitation induced by AIH in unanesthetized animals is associated with changes in the respiratory pattern. We found that Holtzman male rats (80-150 g) exposed to AIH (10 × 6% O2 for 30-40 s every 5 min, n = 9) exhibited a prolonged (30 min) increase in baseline minute ventilation (P < 0.05) compared to control animals (n = 13), combined with the occurrence of late expiratory peak flow events, suggesting the presence of active expiration. The increase in ventilation after AIH was also accompanied by reductions in arterial CO2 and body temperature (n = 5-6, P < 0.05). The systemic treatment with ketanserin (a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist) before AIH prevented the changes in ventilation and active expiration (n = 11) but potentiated the hypothermic response (n = 5, P < 0.05) when compared to appropriate control rats (n = 13). Our findings indicate that the ventilatory long-term facilitation elicited by AIH exposure in unanesthetized rats is linked to the generation of active expiration by mechanisms that may depend on the activation of serotonin receptors. In contrast, the decrease in body temperature induced by AIH may not require 5-HT2 receptor activation.
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15
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Jiao Y, Liu YW, Chen WG, Liu J. Neuroregeneration and functional recovery after stroke: advancing neural stem cell therapy toward clinical application. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:80-92. [PMID: 32788451 PMCID: PMC7818886 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a main cause of death and disability worldwide. The ability of the brain to self-repair in the acute and chronic phases after stroke is minimal; however, promising stem cell-based interventions are emerging that may give substantial and possibly complete recovery of brain function after stroke. Many animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) in the central nervous system can orchestrate neurological repair through nerve regeneration, neuron polarization, axon pruning, neurite outgrowth, repair of myelin, and remodeling of the microenvironment and brain networks. Compared with other types of stem cells, NSCs have unique advantages in cell replacement, paracrine action, inflammatory regulation and neuroprotection. Our review summarizes NSC origins, characteristics, therapeutic mechanisms and repair processes, then highlights current research findings and clinical evidence for NSC therapy. These results may be helpful to inform the direction of future stroke research and to guide clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cells and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Wan Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Gong Chen
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cells and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cells and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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16
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Wu JJ, Lu YC, Zheng MX, Hua XY, Shan CL, Ding W, Xu JG. Structural remodeling in related brain regions in patients with facial synkinesis. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2528-2533. [PMID: 33907044 PMCID: PMC8374555 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial synkinesis is a troublesome sequelae of facial nerve malfunction. It is difficult to recover from synkinesis, despite improved surgical techniques for isolating the peripheral facial nerve branches. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether long-term dysfunction of motor control can lead to irreversible plasticity-induced structural brain changes. This case-control study thus investigated the structural brain alterations associated with facial synkinesis. The study was conducted at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China. Twenty patients with facial synkinesis (2 male and 18 female, aged 33.35 ± 6.97 years) and 19 healthy volunteers (2 male and 17 female, aged 33.21 ± 6.75 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and voxel-based and surface-based morphometry techniques were used to analyze data. There was no significant difference in brain volume between patients with facial synkinesis and healthy volunteers. Patients with facial synkinesis exhibited a significantly reduced cortical thickness in the contralateral superior and inferior temporal gyri and a reduced sulcal depth of the ipsilateral precuneus compared with healthy volunteers. In addition, sulcal depth of the ipsilateral precuneus was negatively correlated with the severity of depression. These findings suggest that there is a structural remodeling of gray matter in patients with facial synkinesis after facial nerve malfunction. This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (approval No. 2017-365-T267) on September 13, 2017, and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR1800014630) on January 25, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Wu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Chen Lu
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine; Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Steiner GZ, Barry RJ, Wassink K, De Blasio FM, Fogarty JS, Cave AE, Love S, Armour M. Neuronal Correlates of Cognitive Control Are Altered in Women With Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:593581. [PMID: 33390910 PMCID: PMC7772245 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.593581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a debilitating women's health condition and is the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain. Impaired cognitive control is common in chronic pain conditions, however, it has not yet been investigated in endometriosis. The aim of this study was to explore the neuronal correlates of cognitive control in women with endometriosis. Using a cross-sectional study design with data collected at a single time-point, event-related potentials were elicited during a cued continuous performance test from 20 women with endometriosis (mean age = 28.5 ± 5.2 years) and 20 age- and gender-matched controls (mean age = 28.5 ± 5.2 years). Event-related potential components were extracted and P3 component amplitudes were derived with temporal principal components analysis. Behavioral and ERP outcomes were compared between groups and subjective pain severity was correlated with ERP component amplitudes. No significant behavioral differences were seen in task performance between the groups (all p > 0.094). Target P3b (all p < 0.034) and SW (all p < 0.040), and non-target early P3a (eP3a; all p < 0.023) and late P3a (lP3a; all p < 0.035) amplitudes were smaller for the endometriosis compared to the healthy control group. Lower non-target eP3a (p < 0.001), lP3a (p = 0.013), and SW (p = 0.019) amplitudes were correlated with higher pain severity scores. Findings suggest that endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain is linked to alterations in stimulus-response processing and inhibitory control networks, but not impaired behavioral performance, due to compensatory neuroplastic changes in overlapping cognitive control and pain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Z Steiner
- NICM Health Research Institute and Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Barry
- Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Wassink
- Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Frances M De Blasio
- Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jack S Fogarty
- Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Adele E Cave
- NICM Health Research Institute and Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sapphire Love
- Brain & Behaviour Research Institute and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike Armour
- NICM Health Research Institute and Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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18
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Cromwell HC, Abe N, Barrett KC, Caldwell-Harris C, Gendolla GH, Koncz R, Sachdev PS. Mapping the interconnected neural systems underlying motivation and emotion: A key step toward understanding the human affectome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:204-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Granato A. The Transgenerational Consequences of the Interaction Between Humans and Molecules: Alcohol as a Cultural Artifact. Front Psychol 2020; 11:61. [PMID: 32063877 PMCID: PMC7000371 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Granato
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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20
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Sato Y, Okuyama T. Novel Enzyme Replacement Therapies for Neuropathic Mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020400. [PMID: 31936354 PMCID: PMC7014430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the advent of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) has paved the way for the treatment for these hereditary disorders, the blood brain barrier (BBB) has prevented patients with MPS involving the central nervous system (CNS) from benefitting from ERT. Therefore, finding ways to increase drug delivery into the brain across the BBB remains a crucial challenge for researchers and clinicians in the field. Attempts have been made to boost brain uptake of enzymes by targeting various receptors (e.g., insulin and transferrin), and several other administration routes have also been tested. This review summarizes the available information on clinical trials (completed, ongoing, and planned) of novel therapeutic agents with efficacy against CNS symptoms in neuropathic MPS and also discusses the common associated challenges and pitfalls, some of which may help elucidate the pathogenesis of the neurodegeneration leading to the manifold CNS symptoms. A summary of current knowledge pertaining to the neuropathological progression and resultant neuropsychiatric manifestations is also provided, because it should be useful to ERT researchers looking for better approaches to treating CNS lesions in MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sato
- Research and Development, JCR Pharmaceuticals, Hyogo 659-0021, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Torayuki Okuyama
- Centre for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
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21
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El-Mehi AE, Faried MA. Controlled ozone therapy modulates the neurodegenerative changes in the frontal cortex of the aged albino rat. Ann Anat 2019; 227:151428. [PMID: 31610254 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a normal process associated with neurodegenerative changes resulting in decline of cognitive and motor functions. Oxidative stress plays an important role. Controlled ozone (O3) therapy has been proved to induce oxidative preconditioning thus reversing oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first attempt to investigate whether the antioxidant properties of O3 can ameliorate age-associated structural alterations of the cerebral cortex. Ozone administration (at a dose of 0.7mg/kg intraperitonially, three times a week for eight weeks) produced significant downregulation of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and upregulation of glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) within the frontal cortex of aged rats. Sections of the frontal cortex from adult and aged rats were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed using light microscopy. In addition, quantitative immunohistochemical assessments of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Ki67 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were performed. Our results revealed the beneficial effect of O3 in improving the neurodegenerative changes of the cerebral cortex of aged rats. Moreover, this study clarified that O3 exerted its effects via reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, gliosis as well as improving neurogenesis and cholinergic plasticity. This work added to the previously proved aging - associated neurodegenerative effects and provided a new insight into the promising role of O3 to ameliorate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer E El-Mehi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Manar A Faried
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
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22
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Adult spinal motoneurons change their neurotransmitter phenotype to control locomotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9926-E9933. [PMID: 30275331 PMCID: PMC6196516 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An intriguing feature of the nervous system is its plasticity—the remarkable lifelong capacity to change and adapt in light of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Among the many different adaptive mechanisms that occur within the nervous system, changes in neurotransmission form an important plasticity-bestowing mechanism in the reconfiguration of neuronal circuits. Here, we reveal that physical activity and spinal cord injury can switch the neurotransmitter phenotype of the fast axial motoneurons to coexpress glutamate. Furthermore, our study shows that the adult vertebrate spinal motoneurons corelease glutamate alongside ACh in neuromuscular junctions to regulate motor behaviors. Thus, our findings suggest that fast motoneuron glutamatergic respecification enables a motor function-enhancing mechanism in vertebrates. A particularly essential determinant of a neuron’s functionality is its neurotransmitter phenotype. While the prevailing view is that neurotransmitter phenotypes are fixed and determined early during development, a growing body of evidence suggests that neurons retain the ability to switch between different neurotransmitters. However, such changes are considered unlikely in motoneurons due to their crucial functional role in animals’ behavior. Here we describe the expression and dynamics of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the adult zebrafish spinal motoneuron circuit assembly. We demonstrate that part of the fast motoneurons retain the ability to switch their neurotransmitter phenotype under physiological (exercise/training) and pathophysiological (spinal cord injury) conditions to corelease glutamate in the neuromuscular junctions to enhance animals’ motor output. Our findings suggest that motoneuron neurotransmitter switching is an important plasticity-bestowing mechanism in the reconfiguration of spinal circuits that control movements.
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23
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Tommasin S, De Giglio L, Ruggieri S, Petsas N, Giannì C, Pozzilli C, Pantano P. Relation between functional connectivity and disability in multiple sclerosis: a non-linear model. J Neurol 2018; 265:2881-2892. [PMID: 30276520 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the relation between brain functional connectivity and disability in patients with multiple sclerosis; to investigate the existence of critical values of both disability and functional connectivity corresponding to exhaustion of functional adaptive mechanisms. METHODS Hundred-and-nineteen patients with no-to-severe disability and 42 healthy subjects were studied via 3T resting state functional MRI. Out of 116 regions extracted from Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas, pairs of regions whose functional connectivity correlated with Expanded Disability Status Score were identified. In patients, mathematical modeling was applied to find the best models describing Expanded-Disability-Status-Score vs structural or functional measures. Functional vs structural models intersecting points were identified. RESULTS Disability had direct linear relation with lesion load (r = 0.40, p < 5E-6), inverse of thalamic volume (r = 0.31 p < 1E-3) and functional connectivity in bi-frontal pairs of regions (r > 0.40, p < 0.04), while being non-linearly associated with functional connectivity in cerebello-temporal and cerebello-frontal pairs of regions (F > 1.73, p < 0.02). Structural vs functional models intersecting points corresponded to Expanded Disability Status Score of 3.0. 85% of patients scoring more than 3.0 showed functional connectivity in cerebello-temporal and cerebello-frontal pairs of regions below confidence intervals (z = [2.28-2.88] 95% CI) measured in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Functional brain connectivity changes may represent mechanisms of adaptation to structural damage and inflammation and may be not always clinically beneficial. Functional connectivity decreases in comparison with structural measure at Expanded Disability Status Score greater than 3.0, which may be critical and indicate exhaustion of compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tommasin
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Giglio
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, MS Centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Petsas
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Costanza Giannì
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Pozzilli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, MS Centre, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pantano
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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24
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Granato A, Dering B. Alcohol and the Developing Brain: Why Neurons Die and How Survivors Change. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102992. [PMID: 30274375 PMCID: PMC6213645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of alcohol drinking during pregnancy are dramatic and usually referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This condition is one of the main causes of intellectual disability in Western countries. The immature fetal brain exposed to ethanol undergoes massive neuron death. However, the same mechanisms leading to cell death can also be responsible for changes of developmental plasticity. As a consequence of such a maladaptive plasticity, the functional damage to central nervous system structures is amplified and leads to permanent sequelae. Here we review the literature dealing with experimental FASD, focusing on the alterations of the cerebral cortex. We propose that the reciprocal interaction between cell death and maladaptive plasticity represents the main pathogenetic mechanism of the alcohol-induced damage to the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Granato
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy.
| | - Benjamin Dering
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
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25
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Quarta E, Fulgenzi G, Bravi R, Cohen EJ, Yanpallewar S, Tessarollo L, Minciacchi D. Deletion of the endogenous TrkB.T1 receptor isoform restores the number of hippocampal CA1 parvalbumin-positive neurons and rescues long-term potentiation in pre-symptomatic mSOD1(G93A) ALS mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 89:33-41. [PMID: 29580900 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes rapidly progressive paralysis and death within 5 years from diagnosis due to degeneration of the motor circuits. However, a significant population of ALS patients also shows cognitive impairments and progressive hippocampal pathology. Likewise, the mutant SOD1(G93A) mouse model of ALS (mSOD1), in addition to loss of spinal motor neurons, displays altered spatial behavior and hippocampal abnormalities including loss of parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVi) and enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these morpho-functional features are not well understood. Since removal of TrkB.T1, a receptor isoform of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, can partially rescue the phenotype of the mSOD1 mice, here we tested whether removal of TrkB.T1 can normalize the number of PVi and the LTP in this model. Stereological analysis of hippocampal PVi in control, TrkB.T1-/-, mSOD1, and mSOD1 mice deficient for TrkB.T1 (mSOD1/T1-/-) showed that deletion of TrkB.T1 restored the number of PVi to physiological level in the mSOD1 hippocampus. The rescue of PVi neuron number is paralleled by a normalization of high-frequency stimulation-induced LTP in the pre-symptomatic mSOD1/T1-/- mice. Our experiments identified TrkB.T1 as a cellular player involved in the homeostasis of parvalbumin expressing interneurons and, in the context of murine ALS, show that TrkB.T1 is involved in the mechanism underlying structural and functional hippocampal degeneration. These findings have potential implications for hippocampal degeneration and cognitive impairments reported in ALS patients at early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Quarta
- Physiological Science Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy; Neural Development Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Gianluca Fulgenzi
- Neural Development Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD, USA; Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bravi
- Physiological Science Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Erez James Cohen
- Physiological Science Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lino Tessarollo
- Neural Development Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, CCR, NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Diego Minciacchi
- Physiological Science Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.
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26
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Ferrini F, Dering B, De Giorgio A, Lossi L, Granato A. Effects of Acute Alcohol Exposure on Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons of Juvenile Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:955-963. [PMID: 29224183 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset drinking during childhood or preadolescence is a serious social problem. Yet, most of the basic neurobiological research on the acute effects of ethanol has been carried out on adult or early postnatal animals. We studied the effect of alcohol exposure on the basic electrophysiological properties and cell viability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons from the somatosensory cortex of juvenile (P21-P23) C57BL/6N mice. After bath application of 50 mM ethanol to acute slices of the somatosensory cortex, no adverse effects were detected on cells survival, whereas the input resistance and firing rate of layer 5 neurons were significantly reduced. While the effect on the input resistance was reversible, the depressing effect on cell firing remained stable after 6 min of alcohol exposure. Ethanol application did not result in any significant change of mIPSC frequency, amplitude, and rise time. A slight increase of mIPSC decay time was observed after 6 min of ethanol exposure. The molecular mechanisms leading to these alterations and their significance for the physiology of the cerebral cortex are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Benjamin Dering
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Laura Lossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alberto Granato
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
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White Matter Hyperintensity Load Modulates Brain Morphometry and Brain Connectivity in Healthy Adults: A Neuroplastic Mechanism? Neural Plast 2017; 2017:4050536. [PMID: 28845309 PMCID: PMC5560090 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are acquired lesions that accumulate and disrupt neuron-to-neuron connectivity. We tested the associations between WMH load and (1) regional grey matter volumes and (2) functional connectivity of resting-state networks, in a sample of 51 healthy adults. Specifically, we focused on the positive associations (more damage, more volume/connectivity) to investigate a potential route of adaptive plasticity. WMHs were quantified with an automated procedure. Voxel-based morphometry was carried out to model grey matter. An independent component analysis was run to extract the anterior and posterior default-mode network, the salience network, the left and right frontoparietal networks, and the visual network. Each model was corrected for age, global levels of atrophy, and indices of brain and cognitive reserve. Positive associations were found with morphometry and functional connectivity of the anterior default-mode network and salience network. Within the anterior default-mode network, an association was found in the left mediotemporal-limbic complex. Within the salience network, an association was found in the right parietal cortex. The findings support the suggestion that, even in the absence of overt disease, the brain actuates a compensatory (neuroplastic) response to the accumulation of WMH, leading to increases in regional grey matter and modified functional connectivity.
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The Link between Depression and Chronic Pain: Neural Mechanisms in the Brain. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:9724371. [PMID: 28706741 PMCID: PMC5494581 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9724371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, as a stress state, is one of the critical factors for determining depression, and their coexistence tends to further aggravate the severity of both disorders. Unfortunately, their association remains unclear, which creates a bottleneck problem for managing chronic pain-induced depression. In recent years, studies have found considerable overlaps between pain- and depression-induced neuroplasticity changes and neurobiological mechanism changes. Such overlaps are vital to facilitating the occurrence and development of chronic pain and chronic pain-induced depression. In this review, we summarized the role of neuroplasticity in the occurrence and development of the two disorders in question and explored individualized application strategies of analgesic drugs and antidepressants that have different pharmacological effects in the treatment of chronic pain-induced depression. Therefore, this review may provide new insights into the understanding of association between chronic pain and depression.
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