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Lopez Naranjo C, Razzaq FA, Li M, Wang Y, Bosch‐Bayard JF, Lindquist MA, Gonzalez Mitjans A, Garcia R, Rabinowitz AG, Anderson SG, Chiarenza GA, Calzada‐Reyes A, Virues‐Alba T, Galler JR, Minati L, Bringas Vega ML, Valdes‐Sosa PA. EEG functional connectivity as a Riemannian mediator: An application to malnutrition and cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26698. [PMID: 38726908 PMCID: PMC11082925 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mediation analysis assesses whether an exposure directly produces changes in cognitive behavior or is influenced by intermediate "mediators". Electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral measurements have been previously used as effective mediators representing diverse aspects of brain function. However, it has been necessary to collapse EEG measures onto a single scalar using standard mediation methods. In this article, we overcome this limitation and examine EEG frequency-resolved functional connectivity measures as a mediator using the full EEG cross-spectral tensor (CST). Since CST samples do not exist in Euclidean space but in the Riemannian manifold of positive-definite tensors, we transform the problem, allowing for the use of classic multivariate statistics. Toward this end, we map the data from the original manifold space to the Euclidean tangent space, eliminating redundant information to conform to a "compressed CST." The resulting object is a matrix with rows corresponding to frequencies and columns to cross spectra between channels. We have developed a novel matrix mediation approach that leverages a nuclear norm regularization to determine the matrix-valued regression parameters. Furthermore, we introduced a global test for the overall CST mediation and a test to determine specific channels and frequencies driving the mediation. We validated the method through simulations and applied it to our well-studied 50+-year Barbados Nutrition Study dataset by comparing EEGs collected in school-age children (5-11 years) who were malnourished in the first year of life with those of healthy classmate controls. We hypothesized that the CST mediates the effect of malnutrition on cognitive performance. We can now explicitly pinpoint the frequencies (delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands) and regions (frontal, central, and occipital) in which functional connectivity was altered in previously malnourished children, an improvement to prior studies. Understanding the specific networks impacted by a history of postnatal malnutrition could pave the way for developing more targeted and personalized therapeutic interventions. Our methods offer a versatile framework applicable to mediation studies encompassing matrix and Hermitian 3D tensor mediators alongside scalar exposures and outcomes, facilitating comprehensive analyses across diverse research domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lopez Naranjo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Fuleah Abdul Razzaq
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Min Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityZhejiangHangzhouChina
| | - Ying Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | | | | | - Anisleidy Gonzalez Mitjans
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Montreal Neurological Institute‐HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Ronaldo Garcia
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | | | - Simon G. Anderson
- The George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of the West IndiesCave HillBarbados
| | - Giuseppe A. Chiarenza
- Centro Internazionale Disturbi di Apprendimento, Attenzione, Iperattività (CIDAAI)MilanItaly
| | | | | | - Janina R. Galler
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionMassachusetts General Hospital for ChildrenBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ludovico Minati
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Center for Mind/Brain Science (CIMeC)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Maria L. Bringas Vega
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Cuban Center for NeuroscienceLa HabanaCuba
| | - Pedro A. Valdes‐Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Cuban Center for NeuroscienceLa HabanaCuba
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Agni MB, Hegde PS, Rai P, Sadananda M, K M DG. Astaxanthin and DHA Supplementation Modulates the Maternal Undernutrition-induced Impairment of Cognitive Behavior and Synaptic Plasticity in Adult Life of Offspring's -Exploring the Molecular Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04147-y. [PMID: 38578356 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition was recognized as a significant part of brain growth and maturation in most mammalian species. Timely intervention with suitable nutraceuticals would provide long-term health benefits. We aim to unravel the molecular mechanisms of perinatal undernutrition-induced impairments in cognition and synaptic plasticity, employing animal model based on dietary nutraceutical supplementation. We treated undernourished dams at their gestational, lactational, and at both the time point with Astaxanthin (AsX) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and their pups were used as experimental animals. We evaluated the cognitive function by subjecting the pups to behavioral tests in their adult life. In addition, we assessed the expression of genes in the hippocampus related to cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. Our results showed downregulation of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), cAMP response-element-binding protein (CREB), and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) gene expression in pups born to undernourished dams in their adult life, which AsX and DHA modulated. Maternal AsX and DHA supplementation ameliorated the undernutrition-induced learning impairment in novel object recognition (NOR) tests and partially baited radial arm maze (RAM) tasks in offspring's. The expressions of Synapsin-1 and PSD-95 decreased in perinatally undernourished groups compared to control and AsX-DHA treated groups at CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG. AsX and DHA supplementation upregulated BDNF, NT-3, CREB, and UCP2 gene expressions in perinatally undernourished rats, which are involved in intracellular signaling cascades like Ras, PI3K, and PLC. The results of our study give new insights into neuronal differentiation, survival, and plasticity, indicating that the perinatal period is the critical time for reversing maternal undernutrition-induced cognitive impairment in offspring's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Bhat Agni
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Physiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Pramukh Subrahmanya Hegde
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Physiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Praveen Rai
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbial Genomics, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Monika Sadananda
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Damodara Gowda K M
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Physiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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3
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Cruz-Carrillo G, Trujillo-Villarreal LA, Ángeles-Valdez D, Concha L, Garza-Villarreal EA, Camacho-Morales A. Prenatal Cafeteria Diet Primes Anxiety-like Behavior Associated to Defects in Volume and Diffusion in the Fimbria-fornix of Mice Offspring. Neuroscience 2023; 511:70-85. [PMID: 36592924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to high-energy diets primes brain alterations that increase the risk of developing behavioral and cognitive failures. Alterations in the structure and connectivity of brain involved in learning and memory performance are found in adult obese murine models and in humans. However, the role of prenatal exposure to high-energy diets in the modulation of the brain's structure and function during cognitive decline remains unknown. We used female C57BL6 mice (n = 10) exposed to a high-energy diets (Cafeteria diet (CAF)) or Chow diet for 9 weeks (before, during and after pregnancy) to characterize their effect on brain structural organization and learning and memory performance in the offspring at two-month-old (n = 17). Memory and learning performance were evaluated using the Y-maze test including forced and spontaneous alternation, novel object recognition (NORT), open field and Barnes maze tests. We found no alterations in the short- or long-time spatial memory performance in male offspring prenatally exposed to CAF diet when compared to the control, but they increased time spent in the edges resembling anxiety-like behavior. By using deformation-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analysis we found that male offspring exposed to CAF diet showed increased volume in primary somatosensory cortex and a reduced volume of fimbria-fornix, which correlate with alterations in its white matter integrity. Biological modeling revealed that prenatal exposure to CAF diet predicts low volume in the fimbria-fornix, which was associated with anxiety in the offspring. The findings suggest that prenatal exposure to high-energy diets prime brain structural alterations related to anxiety in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cruz-Carrillo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Neurometabolism Unit, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Luis Angel Trujillo-Villarreal
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Neurometabolism Unit, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Diego Ángeles-Valdez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Luis Concha
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230 Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Neurometabolism Unit, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
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Miyake K, Mochizuki K, Kushima M, Shinohara R, Horiuchi S, Otawa S, Akiyama Y, Ooka T, Kojima R, Yokomichi H, Yamagata Z, Yamazaki S, Ohya Y, Kishi R, Yaegashi N, Hashimoto K, Mori C, Ito S, Yamagata Z, Inadera H, Nakayama T, Iso H, Shima M, Kurozawa Y, Suganuma N, Kusuhara K, Katoh T. Maternal protein intake in early pregnancy and child development at age 3 years. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-022-02435-8. [PMID: 36624288 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to assess the association between low maternal protein intake during pregnancy and child developmental delay at age 3 years. METHODS This research used data obtained from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. In total, we analyzed 77,237 mother-child pairs. Dietary intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Developmental outcomes at age 3 years were evaluated with the Japanese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between maternal protein intake during pregnancy and child development delays at age 3 years. RESULTS Based on the protein-to-total energy intake ratio during early pregnancy, the participants were categorized into three groups: <9.39% (>2 standard deviation below the mean), the severely low protein (SLP) group; 9.39-<13%, the low protein group; and ≥13%, the normal protein group. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, SLP intake was found to be significantly correlated with a higher risk of developmental delay according to the communication, fine motor and problem-solving skill domains. CONCLUSIONS SLP intake caused by inadequate diet during early pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of child developmental delay at age 3 years. IMPACT Animal studies have shown that maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation causes abnormal brain development among offspring. Birth cohort studies to date have not assessed the effects of maternal low protein exposure during pregnancy on child development. Severely low protein intake during early pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of child developmental delay at age 3 years. Since nutritional imbalance in early pregnancy affects not only fetal growth but also postnatal neurodevelopment, nutritional management before pregnancy is considered important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Kushima
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sanae Otawa
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuka Akiyama
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadao Ooka
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Reiji Kojima
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokomichi
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.,Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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5
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Bonfili N, Barbeito‐Andrés J, Bernal V, Hallgrímsson B, Gonzalez PN. Morphological correspondence between brain and endocranial surfaces in mice exposed to undernutrition during development. J Anat 2022; 241:1-12. [PMID: 35132617 PMCID: PMC9178380 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological changes of the brain and the skull are highly integrated as a result of shared developmental pathways and different types of interactions between them. Shared developmental trajectories between these two structures might be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Although the effect of environmental factors on neural and craniofacial traits has been extensively studied, less is known about the specific impact of stressful conditions on the coordinated variation between these structures. Here, we test the effect of early nutrient restriction on morphological correspondence between the brain and the endocast. For this purpose, mice exposed to protein or calorie-protein restriction during gestation and lactation were compared with a control group in which dams were fed standard food ad libitum. High-resolution images were obtained after weaning to describe brain and endocranial morphology. By magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain volumes were obtained and endocasts were segmented from skull reconstructions derived from micro-computed tomography (microCT). Brain and endocranial volumes were compared to assess the correspondence in size. Shape changes were analyzed using a set of landmarks and semilandmarks on 3D surfaces. Results indicated that brain volume is relatively less affected by undernutrition during development than endocast volume. Shape covariation between the brain and the endocast was found to be quite singular for protein-restricted animals. Procrustes distances were larger between the brain and the endocast of the same specimens than between brains or endocasts of different animals, which means that the greatest similarity is by type of structure and suggests that the use of the endocast as a direct proxy of the brain at this intraspecific scale could have some limitations. In the same line, patterns of brain shape asymmetry were not directly estimated from endocranial surfaces. In sum, our findings indicate that morphological variation and association between the brain and the endocast is modulated by environmental factors and support the idea that head morphogenesis results from complex processes that are sensitive to the pervasive influence of nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Bonfili
- Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos (CONICET ‐ Hospital El Cruce ‐ Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jimena Barbeito‐Andrés
- Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos (CONICET ‐ Hospital El Cruce ‐ Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Valeria Bernal
- CONICET. División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | - Paula N. Gonzalez
- Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos (CONICET ‐ Hospital El Cruce ‐ Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche)Buenos AiresArgentina
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Scharwächter L, Schmitt FJ, Pallast N, Fink GR, Aswendt M. Network analysis of neuroimaging in mice. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119110. [PMID: 35311664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graph theory allows assessing changes of neuronal connectivity and interactions of brain regions in response to local lesions, e.g., after stroke, and global perturbations, e.g., due to psychiatric dysfunctions or neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, network analysis based on constructing graphs from structural and functional MRI connectivity matrices is increasingly used in clinical studies. In contrast, in mouse neuroimaging, the focus is mainly on basic connectivity parameters, i.e., the correlation coefficient or fiber counts, whereas more advanced network analyses remain rarely used. This review summarizes graph theoretical measures and their interpretation to describe networks derived from recent in vivo mouse brain studies. To facilitate the entry into the topic, we explain the related mathematical definitions, provide a dedicated software toolkit, and discuss practical considerations for the application to rs-fMRI and DTI. This way, we aim to foster cross-species comparisons and the application of standardized measures to classify and interpret network changes in translational brain disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Scharwächter
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Dept. of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix J Schmitt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Dept. of Neurology, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Dept. of Computational Systems Neuroscience, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Pallast
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Dept. of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Dept. of Neurology, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Germany
| | - Markus Aswendt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Dept. of Neurology, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Germany.
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Braggio D, Barbeito-Andrés J, Gonzalez P, Hallgrímsson B, Larrabide I. VBM sensitivity to localization and extent of mouse brain lesions: A simulation approach. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 196:105636. [PMID: 32668384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a popular neuroimaging technique, used to detect and quantify morphological differences in brain tissues between groups. Widely used in human studies, VBM approaches have tremendous potential for neuroimaging studies in animal models. A significant challenge for applying VBM to small animal studies is the poor understanding of how the design of preprocessing pipelines impacts quantitative results. This is important because the large differences in size, resolution, and imaging parameters implies that human imaging preprocessing pipelines cannot be uncritically applied to small animal studies. In this work, we assessed and validated the performance of different VBM pipelines for the study of the mouse brain. METHODS We applied two pipelines -namely DARTEL VBM and Optimized VBM- by varying spatial normalization used during preprocessing. Using an automatic method, we simulated varying levels of volumetric gray matter (GM) loss and sizes of tissue atrophy on specific areas of the mouse brain. We evaluated the performance of each pipeline by comparing location and extent of the differences detected by them with the simulated ones. Finally, we applied both pipelines on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain derived from an experimental model of growth restriction on mice. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that some subtle atrophies were detected by the Optimized workflow but not by the DARTEL VBM workflow. Detection of less subtle atrophies was similar for the two workflows, but DARTEL VBM performed better at estimating their size and anatomical location. Both VBM pipelines had difficulties at finding atrophies with a very small level of volumetric loss and, in general, they underestimated the magnitudes of difference between groups. These results also varied across brain regions, with better performance on brain cortex than other regions such as the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS The analysis and quantification of VBM pipelines on different areas of the mouse brain allows a better understanding of the advantages and limitations of their results. We performed a controlled and quantitative analysis of the method providing robust evidence to interpret changes in real contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Braggio
- Instituto Pladema, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNCPBA, Argentina.
| | - Jimena Barbeito-Andrés
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET, UNAJ, Hospital El Cruce, Argentina
| | - Paula Gonzalez
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET, UNAJ, Hospital El Cruce, Argentina
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor tractography of a midbrain auditory circuit in Alligator. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135251. [PMID: 32679057 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of brain circuitry is critical for understanding the organization, function, and evolution of central nervous systems. Most commonly, brain connections have been elucidated using histological and experimental methods that require animal sacrifice. On the other hand, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and associated tractography have emerged as a preferred method to noninvasively visualize brain white matter tracts. However, existing studies have primarily examined large, heavily myelinated fiber tracts. Whether tractography can visualize fiber bundles that contain thin and poorly myelinated axons is uncertain. To address this question, the midbrain auditory pathway to the thalamus was investigated in Alligator. This species was chosen because of its evolutionary importance as it is the reptilian group most closely related to birds and because its brain contains many thin and poorly myelinated tracts. Furthermore, this auditory pathway is well documented in other reptiles, including a related crocodilian. Histological observations and experimental determination of anterograde connections confirmed this path in Alligator. Tractography identified these tracts in Alligator and provided a 3-dimensional picture that accurately identified the neural elements of this circuit. In addition, tractography identified one possible unrecognized pathway. These results demonstrate that tractography can visualize circuits containing thin, poorly myelinated fibers. These findings open the door for future studies to examine these types of pathways in other vertebrates.
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Powell CD, Wilson WM, Olesaningo G, Manyama M, Jamniczky H, Spritz R, Cross JC, Lukowiak K, Hallgrimsson B, Gonzalez PN. Lack of head sparing following third-trimester caloric restriction among Tanzanian Maasai. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237700. [PMID: 32966295 PMCID: PMC7510984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of food intake during pregnancy is part of many cultural and religious traditions around the world. The impact of such practices on fetal growth and development are poorly understood. Here, we examined the patterns of diet intake among Maasai pregnant women and assessed their effect on newborn morphometrics. We recruited 141 mother-infant pairs from Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) in Northern Tanzania and quantified dietary intake and changes in maternal diet during pregnancy. We obtained measurements of body weight (BW) and head circumference (HC) at birth. We found that Maasai women significantly reduced their dietary intake during the third trimester, going from an average of 1601 kcal/day during the first two trimesters to 799 kcal/day in the final trimester. The greatest proportion of nutrient reduction was in carbohydrates. Overall, 40% of HC Z-scores of the NCA sample were more than 2 standard deviations below the WHO standard. Nearly a third of neonates classify as low birth weight (< 2500g). HC was smaller relative to BW in this cohort than predicted using the WHO standard. This contrasts markedly to a Tanzanian birth cohort obtained at the same time in an urban context in which only 12% of infants exhibited low weight, only two individuals had HC Z-scores < 2 and HC's relative to birth weight were larger than predicted using the WHO standards. The surprising lack of head sparing in the NCA cohort suggests that the impact of third trimester malnutrition bears further investigation in both animal models and human populations, especially as low HC is negatively associated with long term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Powell
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Warren M. Wilson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mange Manyama
- Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar
| | - Heather Jamniczky
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Spritz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - James C. Cross
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paula N. Gonzalez
- Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos (CONICET-Hospital El Cruce Dr. Nestor Kirchner-Uiversidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gardinali NR, Marchevsky RS, Oliveira JM, Pelajo-Machado M, Kugelmeier T, Castro MP, Silva ACA, Pinto DP, Fonseca LB, Vilhena LS, Pereira HM, Lima SMB, Miranda EH, Trindade GF, Linhares JHR, Silva SA, Melgaço JG, Alves AMB, Moran J, Silva MCC, Soares-Bezerra RJ, Soriano A, Bentes GA, Bottino FO, Salvador Castro Faria SB, Nudelman RF, Lopes CAA, Perea JAS, Sarges K, Andrade MCR, Motta MCVA, Freire MS, Souza TML, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Pinto MA. Sofosbuvir shows a protective effect against vertical transmission of Zika virus and the associated congenital syndrome in rhesus monkeys. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104859. [PMID: 32649965 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Brazil, 2015-2016, were associated with severe congenital malformations. Our translational study aimed to test the efficacy of the antiviral agent sofosbuvir (SOF) against vertical transmission of ZIKV and the associated congenital syndrome (CZS), using a rhesus monkey model. Eight pregnant macaques were successfully infected during the organogenesis phase with a Brazilian ZIKV strain; five of them received SOF from two to fifteen days post-infection. Both groups of dams showed ZIKV-associated clinical signals, detectable ZIKV RNA in several specimens, specific anti-ZIKV IgM and IgG antibodies, and maternal neutralizing antibodies. However, malformations occurred only among non-treated dam offspring. Compared to non-treated animals, all SOF-treated dams had a shorter ZIKV viremia and four of five neonates had undetectable ZIKV RNA in blood and tissue samples. These results support further clinical evaluations aiming for the prevention of CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi R Gardinali
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato S Marchevsky
- Laboratório de Neurovirulência, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
- Laboratório de Patologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Kugelmeier
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio P Castro
- Centro de Diagnóstico Veterinário (CEVET), Avenida Rui Barbosa 29, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline C A Silva
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Douglas P Pinto
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lais B Fonseca
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Vilhena
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heliana M Pereira
- Serviço de Equivalência e Farmacocinética (SEFAR), Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde (VPPIS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sheila M B Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emily H Miranda
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisela F Trindade
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José H R Linhares
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stephanie A Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gil Melgaço
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ada M B Alves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fisiologia de Infecções Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julio Moran
- Dr. Julio Moran Laboratories, Vordergrüt 30, Herrliberg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria C C Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Patógenos, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal Do ABC, Avenida Dos Estados, 5001, São Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rômulo J Soares-Bezerra
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreza Soriano
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gentil A Bentes
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O Bottino
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sarah Beatriz Salvador Castro Faria
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Nudelman
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia A A Lopes
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Javier A S Perea
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Klena Sarges
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia C R Andrade
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia C V A Motta
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Freire
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago M L Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Gestão da Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas (INCT/IDN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Em Saúde (CDTS), Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcelo A Pinto
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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11
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Barbeito-Andrés J, Castro-Fonseca E, Qiu LR, Bernal V, Lent R, Henkelman M, Lukowiak K, Gleiser PM, Hallgrimsson B, Gonzalez PN. Region-specific changes in Mus musculus brain size and cell composition under chronic nutrient restriction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.204651. [PMID: 31395680 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors affecting the development of different tissues and organs. It is suggested that under nutrient restriction the growth of the brain is spared as a result of the differential allocation of resources from other organs. However, it is not clear whether this sparing occurs brain-wide. Here, we analyzed morphological changes and cell composition in different regions of the offspring mouse brain after maternal exposure to nutrient restriction during pregnancy and lactation. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, we found that brain regions were differentially sensitive to maternal protein restriction and exhibited particular patterns of volume reduction. The cerebellum was reduced in absolute and relative volume, while cortex volume was relatively preserved. Alterations in cell composition (examined by the isotropic fractionator method) and organization of white matter (measured by diffusor tensor images) were also region specific. These changes were not related to the metabolic rate of the regions and were only partially explained by their specific growth trajectories. This study is a first step towards understanding the mechanisms of regional brain sparing at microstructural and macrostructural levels resulting from undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Barbeito-Andrés
- Institute for Studies in Neuroscience and Complex Systems Studies, ENyS, CONICET, CP 1888 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emily Castro-Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Valeria Bernal
- Anthropology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of La Plata, CP 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Lent
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Pablo M Gleiser
- Medical Physics Department, Bariloche Atomic Centre, Bariloche CP 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Paula N Gonzalez
- Institute for Studies in Neuroscience and Complex Systems Studies, ENyS, CONICET, CP 1888 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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