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Slowing K, Gomez F, Delgado M, Fernández de la Rosa R, Hernández-Martín N, Pozo MÁ, García-García L. PET Imaging and Neurohistochemistry Reveal that Curcumin Attenuates Brain Hypometabolism and Hippocampal Damage Induced by Status Epilepticus in Rats. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:364-376. [PMID: 36130709 DOI: 10.1055/a-1948-4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous preclinical studies provide evidence that curcumin, a polyphenolic phytochemical extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric) has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties against various neurological disorders. Curcumin neuroprotective effects have been reported in different animal models of epilepsy, but its potential effect attenuating brain glucose hypometabolism, considered as an early marker of epileptogenesis that occurs during the silent period following status epilepticus (SE), still has not been addressed. To this end, we used the lithium-pilocarpine rat model to induce SE. Curcumin was administered orally (300 mg/kg/day, for 17 days). Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated in vivo by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, hippocampal integrity, neurodegeneration, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and reactive astrogliosis were evaluated as markers of brain damage. SE resulted in brain glucose hypometabolism accompanied by body weight (BW) loss, hippocampal neuronal damage, and neuroinflammation. Curcumin did not reduce the latency time to the SE onset, nor the mortality rate associated with SE. Nevertheless, it reduced the number of seizures, and in the surviving rats, curcumin protected BW and attenuated the short-term glucose brain hypometabolism as well as the signs of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation induced by the SE. Overall, our results support the potential adaptogen-like effects of curcumin attenuating key features of SE-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Fernández de la Rosa
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- BIOIMAC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nira Hernández-Martín
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pozo
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Peng Y, Chiu ATG, Li VWY, Zhang X, Yeung WL, Chan SHS, Tun HM. The role of the gut-microbiome-brain axis in metabolic remodeling amongst children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1109469. [PMID: 36923492 PMCID: PMC10009533 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy-associated dysbiosis in gut microbiota has been previously described, but the mechanistic roles of the gut microbiome in epileptogenesis among children with cerebral palsy (CP) have yet to be illustrated. Methods Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing coupled with untargeted metabolomics analysis, this observational study compared the gut microbiome and metabolome of eight children with non-epileptic cerebral palsy (NECP) to those of 13 children with cerebral palsy with epilepsy (CPE). Among children with CPE, 8 had drug-sensitive epilepsy (DSE) and five had drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Characteristics at enrollment, medication history, and 7-day dietary intake were compared between groups. Results At the species level, CPE subjects had significantly lower abundances of Bacteroides fragilis and Dialister invisus but higher abundances of Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Eubacterium limosum. By contrast, DRE subjects had a significantly higher colonization of Veillonella parvula. Regarding microbial functional pathways, CPE subjects had decreased abundances of pathways for serine degradation, quinolinic acid degradation, glutamate degradation I, glycerol degradation, sulfate reduction, and nitrate reduction but increased abundances of pathways related to ethanol production. As for metabolites, CPE subjects had higher concentrations of kynurenic acid, 2-oxindole, dopamine, 2-hydroxyphenyalanine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, L-tartaric acid, and D-saccharic acid; DRE subjects had increased concentrations of indole and homovanilic acid. Conclusions In this study, we found evidence of gut dysbiosis amongst children with cerebral palsy and epilepsy in terms of gut microbiota species, functional pathways, and metabolites. The combined metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have shed insights on the potential roles of B. fragilis and D. invisus in neuroprotection. The combined analyses have also provided evidence for the involvement of GMBA in the epilepsy-related dysbiosis of kynurenine, serotonin, and dopamine pathways and their complex interplay with neuroimmune and neuroendocrinological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie T G Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon City, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vivien W Y Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital and Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai L Yeung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon City, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophelia H S Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon City, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital and Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hein M Tun
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Morina IY, Mikhrina AL, Mikhailova EV, Vataev SI, Hismatullina ZR, Romanova IV. Analysis of the Hypothalamic Orexinergic System in Rats with Different Forms of Genetically Determined Epilepsy. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Schönhoff K, von Rüden EL, Koska I, Seiffert I, Potschka H. Hippocampal and Septal 5-HT 1A Receptor Expression in Two Rat Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neuroscience 2021; 465:219-230. [PMID: 33836244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data suggest an impact of serotonergic signaling on seizure susceptibility and epilepsy-associated psychiatric comorbidities. Previous µPET studies revealed increased binding of the 5-HT1A receptor ligand [18F]MPPF in two rat models with spontaneous recurrent seizures. These findings raised the question whether these alterations are due to altered 5-HT1A receptor expression or a modification of extracellular serotonin concentrations. 5-HT1A receptor expression rates were quantitatively analyzed in rat brain tissue from an electrical and a chemical post-status epilepticus model. Based on the µPET findings, stereological analysis was focused on hippocampal subregions and the septum. Evaluation of 5-HT1A receptor expression in the electrical post-status epilepticus model revealed a decreased optical density in hippocampal CA3 region. In all other brain regions of interest, the analysis demonstrated comparable 5-HT1A receptor expression rates among all experimental groups in the brain regions evaluated. Moreover, 5-HT1A total receptor volume did not differ between groups. A model-specific correlation was demonstrated between 5-HT1A receptor expression and selected seizure and behavioral parameters. In conclusion, analysis in post-status epilepticus models in rats argued against widespread and pronounced alterations in 5-HT1A receptor expression. In view of previous µPET findings, the present data indicate that alterations in in-vivo receptor binding are due to a reduction in extracellular serotonin concentrations rather than changes in receptor density. Correlation analysis points to a possible link between 5-HT1A receptor expression and ictogenesis, seizure termination and behavioral patterns. However, as these findings proved to be model specific, the relevance needs to be further assessed in future studies focusing on other models and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schönhoff
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Eva-Lotta von Rüden
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Ines Koska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Seiffert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
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Identification of clinically relevant biomarkers of epileptogenesis - a strategic roadmap. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:231-242. [PMID: 33594276 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Onset of many forms of epilepsy occurs after an initial epileptogenic insult or as a result of an identified genetic defect. Given that the precipitating insult is known, these epilepsies are, in principle, amenable to secondary prevention. However, development of preventive treatments is difficult because only a subset of individuals will develop epilepsy and we cannot currently predict which individuals are at the highest risk. Biomarkers that enable identification of these individuals would facilitate clinical trials of potential anti-epileptogenic treatments, but no such prognostic biomarkers currently exist. Several putative molecular, imaging, electroencephalographic and behavioural biomarkers of epileptogenesis have been identified, but clinical translation has been hampered by fragmented and poorly coordinated efforts, issues with inter-model reproducibility, study design and statistical approaches, and difficulties with validation in patients. These challenges demand a strategic roadmap to facilitate the identification, characterization and clinical validation of biomarkers for epileptogenesis. In this Review, we summarize the state of the art with respect to biomarker research in epileptogenesis and propose a five-phase roadmap, adapted from those developed for cancer and Alzheimer disease, that provides a conceptual structure for biomarker research.
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Vieira ÉLM, da Silva MCM, Gonçalves AP, Martins GL, Teixeira AL, de Oliveira ACP, Reis HJ. Serotonin and dopamine receptors profile on peripheral immune cells from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 354:577534. [PMID: 33713941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of inflammation and immune cells has been demonstrated in neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Leukocytes, as well as inflammatory mediators, contribute to abnormal processes that lead to a reduction in seizure threshold and synaptic reorganization. In this sense, identifying different phenotypes of circulating immune cells is essential to understanding the role of these cells in epilepsy. Immune cells can express a variety of surface markers, including neurotransmitter receptors, such as serotonin and dopamine. Alteration in these receptors expression patterns may affect the level of inflammatory mediators and the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Therefore, in the current study, we evaluated the expression of dopamine and serotonin receptors on white blood cells from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS). Blood samples from 17 patients with TLE-HS and 21 controls were collected. PBMC were isolated and stained ex vivo for flow cytometry. We evaluated the expression of serotonin (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT4), and dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) on the cell surface of lymphocytes and innate immune cells (monocytes and granulocytes). Our results demonstrated that innate cells and lymphocytes from patients with TLE-HS showed high mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT4 compared to controls. No difference was observed for 5-HT2B. For dopamine receptors, the expression of D1, D2, D4, and D5 receptors was higher on innate cells from patients with TLE-HS when compared to controls for the MFI. Regarding lymphocytes population, D2 expression was increased in patients with TLE-HS. In conclusion, there are alterations in the expression of serotonin and dopamine receptors on immune blood cells of patients with TLE-HS. Although the biological significance of these findings still needs to be further investigated, these changes may contribute to the understanding of TLE-HS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Carolina Machado da Silva
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gonçalves
- Programa de Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lopes Martins
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte 30260-070, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program and Immuno-Psychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Health Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Antônio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; Programa de Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Helton José Reis
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; Programa de Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
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