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Slowing K, Gomez F, Delgado M, Fernández de la Rosa R, Hernández-Martín N, Pozo MÁ, García-García L. PET Imaging and Neurohistochemistry Reveal that Curcumin Attenuates Brain Hypometabolism and Hippocampal Damage Induced by Status Epilepticus in Rats. Planta Med 2023; 89:364-376. [PMID: 36130709 DOI: 10.1055/a-1948-4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous preclinical studies provide evidence that curcumin, a polyphenolic phytochemical extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric) has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties against various neurological disorders. Curcumin neuroprotective effects have been reported in different animal models of epilepsy, but its potential effect attenuating brain glucose hypometabolism, considered as an early marker of epileptogenesis that occurs during the silent period following status epilepticus (SE), still has not been addressed. To this end, we used the lithium-pilocarpine rat model to induce SE. Curcumin was administered orally (300 mg/kg/day, for 17 days). Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated in vivo by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, hippocampal integrity, neurodegeneration, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and reactive astrogliosis were evaluated as markers of brain damage. SE resulted in brain glucose hypometabolism accompanied by body weight (BW) loss, hippocampal neuronal damage, and neuroinflammation. Curcumin did not reduce the latency time to the SE onset, nor the mortality rate associated with SE. Nevertheless, it reduced the number of seizures, and in the surviving rats, curcumin protected BW and attenuated the short-term glucose brain hypometabolism as well as the signs of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation induced by the SE. Overall, our results support the potential adaptogen-like effects of curcumin attenuating key features of SE-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Fernández de la Rosa
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- BIOIMAC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nira Hernández-Martín
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pozo
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Brain Mapping Unit, Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Fernández-García R, Walsh D, O'Connell P, Slowing K, Raposo R, Paloma Ballesteros M, Jiménez-Cebrián A, Chamorro-Sancho MJ, Bolás-Fernández F, Healy AM, Serrano DR. Can amphotericin B and itraconazole be co-delivered orally? Tailoring oral fixed-dose combination coated granules for systemic mycoses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 183:74-91. [PMID: 36623752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of invasive fungal infections have increased significantly over the last few years, leading to a global health problem due to the lack of effective treatments. Amphotericin B (AmB) and itraconazole (ITR) are two antifungal drugs with different mechanisms of action. In this work, AmB and ITR have been formulated within granules to elicit an enhanced pharmacological effect, while enhancing the oral bioavailability of AmB. A Quality by Design (QbD) approach was utilised to prepare fixed-dose combination (FDC) granules consisting of a core containing AmB with functional excipients, such as inulin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), chitosan, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and Soluplus® and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), coated with a polymeric layer containing ITR with Soluplus® or a combination of Poloxamer 188 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-acetyl succinate (HPMCAS). A Taguchi design of experiments (DoE) with 7 factors and 2 levels was carried out to understand the key factors impacting on the physicochemical properties of the formulation followed by a Box-Behnken design with 3 factors in 3 levels chosen to optimise the formulation parameters. The core of the FDC granules was obtained by wet granulation and later coated using a fluidized bed. In vitro antifungal efficacy was demonstrated by measuring the inhibition halo against different species of Candida spp., including C. albicans (24.19-30.48 mm), C. parapsilosis (26.38-27.84 mm) and C. krusei (11.48-17.92 mm). AmB release was prolonged from 3 to 24 h when the AmB granules were coated. In vivo in CD-1 male mice studies showed that these granules were more selective towards liver, spleen and lung compared to kidney (up to 5-fold more selective in liver, with an accumulation of 8.07 µg AmB/g liver after twice-daily 5 days administration of granules coated with soluplus-ITR), resulting in an excellent oral administration option in the treatment of invasive mycosis. Nevertheless, some biochemical alterations were found, including a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (∼17 g/dl) and alanine aminotransferase (<30 U/l) and an increase in the levels of bilirubin (∼0.2 mg/dl) and alkaline phosphatase (<80 U/l), which could be indicative of a liver failure. Once-daily regimen for 10 days can be a promising therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-García
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Walsh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Peter O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Karla Slowing
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafaela Raposo
- Seccion Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paloma Ballesteros
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Casanova Y, Negro S, Slowing K, García-García L, Fernández-Carballido A, Rahmani M, Barcia E. Micro- and Nano-Systems Developed for Tolcapone in Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051080. [PMID: 35631665 PMCID: PMC9143005 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease (PD), a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with levodopa being the cornerstone of its treatment. In early PD, levodopa provides a smooth clinical response, but after long-term therapy many patients develop motor complications. Tolcapone (TC) is an effective adjunct in the treatment of PD but has a short elimination half-life. In our work, two new controlled delivery systems of TC consisting of biodegradable PLGA 502 (poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide acid) microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) were developed and characterized. Formulations MP-TC4 and NP-TC3 were selected for animal testing. Formulation MP-TC4, prepared with 120 mg TC and 400 mg PLGA 502, exhibited a mean encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 85.13%, and zero-order in vitro release of TC for 30 days, with around 95% of the drug released at this time. Formulation NP-TC3, prepared with 10 mg of TC and 50 mg of PLGA 502, exhibited mean EE of 56.69%, particle size of 182 nm, and controlled the release of TC for 8 days. Daily i.p. (intraperitoneal) doses of rotenone (RT, 2 mg/kg) were given to Wistar rats to induce neurodegeneration. Once established, animals received TC in saline (3 mg/kg/day) or encapsulated within formulations MP-TC4 (amount of MPs equivalent to 3 mg/kg/day TC every 14 days) and NP-TC3 (amount of NPs equivalent to 3 mg/kg/day TC every 3 days). Brain analyses of Nissl-staining, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) immunohistochemistry as well as behavioral testing (catalepsy, akinesia, swim test) showed that the best formulation was NP-TC3, which was able to revert PD-like symptoms of neurodegeneration in the animal model assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaquelyn Casanova
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
| | - Sofía Negro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis García-García
- Brain Mapping Lab, Pluridisciplinary Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mahdieh Rahmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
| | - Emilia Barcia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913941741
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Apaza Ticona L, Slowing K, Serban AM, Humanes Bastante M, Hernáiz MJ. Wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activities of ursane-type triterpenes from Semialarium mexicanum (Miers) Mennega. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 289:115009. [PMID: 35077827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bark of Semialarium mexicanum commonly known as 'Cancerina' is used as an infusion in Central America and Mexico to treat various wound infections, as well as skin and vaginal ulcers. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activities of the aqueous extract of Semialarium mexicanum and to identify the compounds related to these activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bio-guided isolation of the active compounds of Semialarium mexicanum was carried out, selecting the sub-extracts and fractions depending on their wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activities in the RAW 264.7, NIH/3T3 and B16-F10 cells. RESULTS Three compounds were obtained and characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. These compounds are (3β)-3-Hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (1), (3β)-Urs-12-ene-3,28-diol (2) and (2α, 19α)-2,19-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (3). Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, the three compounds inhibited the production of NF-κB and NO, however, compound 3 was the most active with IC50 values of 8.15-8.19 μM and 8.94-9.14 μM, respectively, in all cell lines. The anti-melanogenic activity of these compounds was evaluated by the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin in the B16-F10 cell line. The three compounds showed anti-melanogenic activity, however, compound 3 was the most active with an IC50 of 8.03 μM for the inhibition of tyrosinase production, and an IC50 of 8.53 μM for the inhibition of melanin production. Finally, concerning the wound healing activity, the three compounds presented proliferative activity in all the tested cell lines, however, compound 3 showed higher cell proliferation percentages than compounds 1 and 2 (88.89-89.60% compared to 64.92-65.71% and 71.53-71.99%, respectively). CONCLUSION The wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activity of the aqueous extract of Semialarium mexicanum was tested and analysed in the present study, after having isolated three ursane-type triterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Apaza Ticona
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karla Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreea Madalina Serban
- Maria Sklodowska Curie University Hospital for Children. Constantin Brancoveanu Boulevard, 077120, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcos Humanes Bastante
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Hernáiz
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Apaza Ticona L, Siñani Callisaya GB, Aguilar Rico F, Sánchez Sánchez-Corral J, Slowing K. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of compounds from Buddleja coriacea. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6324-6328. [PMID: 35007169 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2025593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Buddleja coriacea (B. coriacea) commonly known as 'Kiswara' is used as infusions for stomach and joint pain. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity was evaluated by measuring inflammatory parameters (TNF-α, C-reactive protein and Fibrinogen) in murine models of the aqueous extract and isolated compounds of B. coriacea. A bio-guided phytochemical analysis based on NMR/MS was performed identifying three (1-3) compounds of the aqueous extract. All compounds inhibited the production of TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cell line, with IC50 of 13.44 (1), 1.13 (2) and 0.57 μM (3), respectively. In addition, compounds 2 and 3 decreased the levels of TNF-α, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen at a concentration of 5 mg/kg in murine models. Our research shows that the compounds isolated from B. coriacea have anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties, providing scientific evidence for the traditional use of this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Apaza Ticona
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Aguilar Rico
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sánchez Sánchez-Corral
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Simancas-Herbada R, Fernández-Carballido A, Aparicio-Blanco J, Slowing K, Rubio-Retama J, López-Cabarcos E, Torres-Suárez AI. Controlled Release of Highly Hydrophilic Drugs from Novel Poly(Magnesium Acrylate) Matrix Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E174. [PMID: 32093038 PMCID: PMC7076391 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of a new poly(magnesium acrylate) hydrogel (PAMgA) as a pharmaceutical excipient for the elaboration of matrix tablets for the extended release of highly hydrophilic drugs was evaluated. The polymer was synthetized with two different crosslinking degrees that were characterized by FTIR and DSC. Their acute oral toxicity was determined in a mouse model, showing no toxicity at doses up to 10 g/kg. Matrix tablets were prepared using metformin hydrochloride as a model drug and the mechanisms involved in drug release (swelling and/or erosion) were investigated using biorrelevant media. This new hydrogel effectively controlled the release of small and highly hydrophilic molecules as metformin, when formulated in matrix tablets for oral administration. The rate of metformin release from PAMgA matrices was mainly controlled by its diffusion through the gel layer (Fickian diffusion). The swelling capacity and the erosion of the matrix tablets influenced the metformin release rate, that was slower at pH 6.8, where polymer swelling is more intensive, than in gastric medium, where matrix erosion is slightly more rapid. The crosslinking degree of the polymer significantly influenced its swelling capacity in acid pH, where swelling is moderate, but not in intestinal fluid, where swelling is more intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Simancas-Herbada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.-B.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.-B.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Rubio-Retama
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-R.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Enrique López-Cabarcos
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-R.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Ana-Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.-H.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.-B.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Aparicio-Blanco J, Romero IA, Male DK, Slowing K, García-García L, Torres-Suárez AI. Cannabidiol Enhances the Passage of Lipid Nanocapsules across the Blood-Brain Barrier Both in Vitro and in Vivo. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1999-2010. [PMID: 30865462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) should be regarded as a major health challenge due to the current lack of effective treatments given the hindrance to brain drug delivery imposed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Since efficient brain drug delivery should not solely rely on passive targeting, active targeting of nanomedicines into the CNS is being explored. The present study is devoted to the development of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) decorated with nonpsychotropic cannabinoids as pioneering nonimmunogenic brain-targeting molecules and to the evaluation of their brain-targeting ability both in vitro and in vivo. Noticeably, both the permeability experiments across the hCMEC/D3 cell-based in vitro BBB model and the biodistribution experiments in mice consistently demonstrated that the highest brain-targeting ability was achieved with the smallest-sized cannabinoid-decorated LNCs. Importantly, the enhancement in brain targeting achieved with the conjugation of cannabidiol to LNCs outperformed by 6-fold the enhancement observed for the G-Technology (the main brain active strategy that has already entered clinical trials for the treatment of CNS diseases). As the transport efficiency across the BBB certainly determines the efficacy of the treatments for brain disorders, small cannabinoid-decorated LNCs represent auspicious platforms for the design and development of novel therapies for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science , The Open University , Milton Keynes MK7 6AA , United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science , The Open University , Milton Keynes MK7 6AA , United Kingdom
| | - David K Male
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science , The Open University , Milton Keynes MK7 6AA , United Kingdom
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Negro S, Boeva L, Slowing K, Fernandez-Carballido A, Garcia-García L, Barcia E. Efficacy of Ropinirole-Loaded PLGA Microspheres for the Reversion of Rotenone- Induced Parkinsonism. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:3423-3431. [PMID: 27779080 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160928145346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new controlled delivery system has been developed for ropinirole (RP) for the treatment of Parkinson´s Disease (PD) consisting in PLGA microparticles (MPs) which exhibited in vitro constant release of RP (78.23 µg/day/10 mg MPs) for 19 days. The neuroprotective effects of RP released from MPs were evaluated in SKN-AS cells after exposure to rotenone (20 µM). Cell apoptosis was significantly reduced by RP (100-120 µM). Daily doses of rotenone (2 mg/kg) given i.p. to rats induced neuronal and behavioral changes similar to those of PD. After 15 days, animals received RP in saline (1 mg/kg/day for 45 days) or as MPs at two dose levels (amount of MPs equivalent to 7.5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg RP given on days 15 and 30). Brain immunochemistry (Nisslstaining, GFAP and TH immunohistochemistry) and behavioral testing (catalepsy, akinesia, rotarod and swim test) showed that animals receiving RP either in solution or encapsulated within the MPs reverted the PD symptoms with the best results obtained in animals receiving RP microspheres at the highest dose assayed, thereby confirming the potential therapeutic interest of the new RP delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Negro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid. Spain
| | - Liudmilla Boeva
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid. Spain
| | - Karla Slowing
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid. Spain
| | - Ana Fernandez-Carballido
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid. Spain
| | - Luis Garcia-García
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid. Spain
| | - Emilia Barcia
- Dpto. Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid. Spain
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Barcia E, Boeva L, García-García L, Slowing K, Fernández-Carballido A, Casanova Y, Negro S. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery of ropinirole for Parkinson's disease. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1112-1123. [PMID: 28782388 PMCID: PMC8241177 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1359862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new drug delivery system is developed for ropinirole (RP) for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) consisting of biodegradable poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). The formulation selected was prepared with 8 mg RP and 50 mg PLGA 502. This formulation exhibited mean encapsulation efficiency of 74.8 ± 8.2%, mean particle size lower than 155 nm, the zeta potential of −14.25 ± 0.43 mV and zero-order in vitro release of RP (14.13 ± 0.17 μg/h/10 mg NPs) for 5 d. Daily doses of the neurotoxin rotenone (2 mg/kg) given i.p. to male Wistar rats induced neuronal and behavioral changes similar to those of PD. Once neurodegeneration was established (15 d) animals received RP in saline (1 mg/kg/d for 35 d) or encapsulated within PLGA NPs (amount of NPs equivalent to 1 mg/kg/d RP every 3 d for 35 d). Brain histology and immunochemistry (Nissl-staining, glial fibrillary acidic protein and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry) and behavioral testing (catalepsy, akinesia, rotarod and swim test) showed that RP-loaded PLGA NPs were able to revert PD-like symptoms of neurodegeneration in the animal model assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Barcia
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Liudmila Boeva
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- b Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Karla Slowing
- c Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Yaquelyn Casanova
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Sofía Negro
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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11
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Vera M, Barcia E, Negro S, Marcianes P, García-García L, Slowing K, Fernández-Carballido A. New celecoxib multiparticulate systems to improve glioblastoma treatment. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:518-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fernández M, Barcia E, Fernández-Carballido A, Garcia L, Slowing K, Negro S. Controlled release of rasagiline mesylate promotes neuroprotection in a rotenone-induced advanced model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Pharm 2012; 438:266-78. [PMID: 22985602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of rasagiline mesylate (RM) into PLGA microspheres was performed by method A (O/W emulsion) and method B (W/O/W double emulsion). The best formulation regarding process yield, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release was that prepared with method A, which exhibited constant drug release for two weeks (K(0)=62.3 μg/day/20mg microspheres). Exposure of SKN-AS cells to peroxide-induced oxidative stress (1 mM) resulted in cell apoptosis which was significantly reduced by RM (40.7-102.5 μM) as determined by cell viability, ROS production and DNA fragmentation. Daily doses of rotenone (2 mg/kg) given i.p. to rats for 45 days induced neuronal and behavioral changes similar to those occurring in PD. Once an advanced stage of PD was achieved, animals received RM in saline (1 mg/kg/day) or encapsulated within PLGA microspheres (amount of microspheres equivalent to 15 mg/kg RM given on days 15 and 30). After 45 days RM showed a robust effect on all analytical outcomes evaluated with non-statistically significant differences found between its administration in solution or within microparticles however; with this controlled release system administration of RM could be performed every two weeks thereby making this new therapeutic system an interesting approach for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Fernández M, Negro S, Slowing K, Fernández-Carballido A, Barcia E. An effective novel delivery strategy of rasagiline for Parkinson's disease. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:271-80. [PMID: 21807080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report on the efficacy of a new controlled release system developed for rasagiline mesylate (RM) in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). PLGA microspheres in vitro released RM at a constant rate of 62.3 μg/day for two weeks. Intraperitoneal injection of rotenone (2 mg/kg/day) to Wistar rats produced typical PD symptoms. Catalepsy, akinesia and swim tests outcomes in animals receiving RM either in solution or within microspheres showed a reversal in descent latency when compared to rotenone-treated animals, being this reversal specially pronounced in animals receiving RM microspheres (dose equivalent to 1 mg/kg/day RM injected i.p. every 15 days). Nissl-staining of brain sections showed selective degeneration of the substantia nigra (SNc) dopaminergic neurons in rotenone-treated animals which was markedly reverted by RM microspheres. PET/CT with (18)F-DG resulted in mean increases of accumulation of radiotracer in striatum and SNc of around 40% in animals treated with RM microspheres which also had significant beneficial effects on Bcl-2, Bax, TNF-α mRNA and SOD2 levels as detected by real-time RT-PCR. Our results confirm the robust effect achieved by the new controlled release system developed for RM which exhibited better in vivo efficacy than RM given in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez-Reus MI, Gómez del Rio MA, Iglesias I, Elorza M, Slowing K, Benedí J. Standardized Hypericum perforatum reduces oxidative stress and increases gene expression of antioxidant enzymes on rotenone-exposed rats. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:606-16. [PMID: 17070561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of dementia and depression, this study was designed to investigate the pro-oxidant activity of rotenone, the protective role of standardized extract of Hypericum perforatum (SHP), as well as the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, in brain homogenates of rats following exposure to rotenone and SHP extract. Quercetin in liposomes, one active constituent, was tested in the same experimental conditions to serve as a positive control. The animals received pretreatment with SHP (4 mg/kg) or quercetin liposomes (25 and 100 mg/kg) 60 min before of rotenone injection (2 mg/kg). All treatments were given intraperitoneally in a volume of 0.5 ml/kg body weight, for 45 days. Rotenone treatment increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). The content of reduced glutathione (GSH) was decreased due to chronic rotenone treatment. Rotenone significantly induced the gene expression of CuZnSOD, MnSOD; CAT and GPx in brain. In contrast, SHP extract exerted an antioxidant action which was related with a decreased of MnSOD activity and mRNA levels of some antioxidant enzymes evaluated. Liposomal quercetin treatment resulted in a significant preservation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes and a decreased in the mRNA levels of these antioxidant enzymes. One possible mechanism of action of SHP extract may be related to quercetin in protecting neurons from oxidative damage. Therefore standardized extract of H. perforatum could be a better alternative for depressed elderly patients with degenerative disorder exhibiting elevated oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Sánchez-Reus
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Padilla E, Ruiz E, Redondo S, Gordillo-Moscoso A, Slowing K, Tejerina T. Relationship between vasodilation capacity and phenolic content of Spanish wines. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 517:84-91. [PMID: 15967426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine: 1) the concentration of polyphenols in Spanish red wines, 2) the vasodilatory properties of those wines in relation with their polyphenol concentrations and 3) the vasodilation induced by some of these polyphenols in rat aortic rings. In the wines studied the concentration of rutin and kaempferol was high compared with other polyphenols. All wines relaxed precontracted rat aortic rings and this effect was directly related with the concentration of myricetin and kaempferol in the wines. Kaempferol and rutin also induced endothelium-dependent and independent relaxation, kaempferol was more potent. This relaxation was not inhibited by the estrogen receptor alpha antagonist ICI 182,760. Kaempferol also potentiated the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine, which was reversed by Nw-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). These findings show a good correlation between the concentration of polyphenols (especially kaempferol) of Spanish red wines and the vasodilatory effect, which may confer on them unique features in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Padilla
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Jiménez JB, Orea JM, Montero C, Ureña AG, Navas E, Slowing K, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Carretero E, De Martinis D. Resveratrol treatment controls microbial flora, prolongs shelf life, and preserves nutritional quality of fruit. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:1526-1530. [PMID: 15740035 DOI: 10.1021/jf048426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is known as a grapevine secondary metabolite with fungicide activity. Its exogenous application on harvested grapes resulted in the reduction of microbial flora growth, and consequently, prolonged shelf life, without affecting the nutritional quality of the fruit. Resveratrol treatment also resulted in being effective on fruit that normally does not accumulate such metabolites as, for example, tomatoes, apples, avocado pears, and peppers. As a result, all treated fruits maintained their post-harvest quality and health longer than the untreated ones. This study demonstrates the potential use of resveratrol as a natural pesticide to reduce post-harvest fungi development on a broad spectrum of fruit types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bernardo Jiménez
- Unidad de Láseres y Haces Moleculares, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, PC Juan XXIII, 1. 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The chemical composition, pharmacological activity and traditional uses of 52 species attributed to the genus Lippia (Verbenaceae) as used in the South and Central America, and Tropical Africa, were revised and compared. A survey of the available literature shows that these species are used mostly for the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders and as seasoning. Additionally, some of these Lippia species showed antimalarial, spasmolitic, sedative, hypotensive and, anti-inflammatory activities. Generally, the essential oil or the phenolic compounds (flavonoids) from these plant extracts are assumed to be the active principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Pascual
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown Verbenaceae, known popularly as 'Juanilama' or 'Salvia Sija', is prized widely in folk medicine in Guatemala. Its leaves are employed as an infusion and decoction as a remedy for stomach problems, dysentery, colds and cough, febrifuge, as well as a sedative and in spasmolitic remedies. The present study reports the effects of the infusion of L. alba on the rat gastric mucosa. The following behavioural parameters were evaluated: (a) gastric irritancy test in Wistar rats; (b) antiulcer activity, short term and long term; (c) acid secretion; (d) measurement of total proteins; (e) estimation of total protein bound and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups. Ranitidine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the reference antiulcer drug. Oral treatment with the infusion (12.5 g dry plant/kg) did not cause gastric irritancy in the rats treated during five consecutive days. In addition, the oral administration of L. alba was found to be effective at preventing gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) in rats in the short term (1 day) and long term (5 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Pascual
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Spain.
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Slowing K, Ganado P, Sanz M, Ruiz E, Tejerina T. Study of garlic extracts and fractions on cholesterol plasma levels and vascular reactivity in cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr 2001; 131:994S-9S. [PMID: 11238804 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.3.994s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic is known for its pharmacologic and nutritional properties. In previous studies, garlic elicited a reduction in plasma levels of lipids by inhibiting hepatic cholesterol synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate in an in vivo model the effects of garlic extract and some fractions on cholesterol levels and vascular reactivity in cholesterol-fed rats. Rats were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet for 16 wk and were divided into 10 groups as follows: control and hypercholesterolemic diet groups, 4 groups fed frozen garlic fractions and 4 groups fed raw garlic fractions with different doses. Blood samples were obtained to analyze HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. After treatment, rats were killed. The heart, liver and kidneys were weighed; the aorta was isolated, mounted in organ chambers and vascular reactivity was tested. Plasma concentration of cholesterol was 58 mg/dL (100%) at the beginning of the study and increased to 102 mg/dL (153%; hypercholesterolemic group) at the end of the treatment. Plasma total cholesterol decreased in all groups treated with garlic; moreover, this effect was higher in rats fed raw garlic fractions and extracts. LDL decreased significantly with respect to the hypercholesterolemic group in all groups treated with garlic fractions and extracts (P: < 0.01); however, an increase in HDL was found in those treated with frozen fractions and extracts. The liver:body weight ratio decreased in all treated groups. The relaxing effect of acetylcholine (ACh) was enhanced in arteries contracted with noradrenaline (NE). These data suggest that garlic fractions could prevent diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and vascular alterations in the endothelium-dependent relaxation associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The methanol extract of Pothomorphe peltata leaves, orally administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg (equivalent to 2.50 g dry plant/kg) body weight, exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity, comparable with phenylbutazone (80 mg/kg, p.o.), against adjuvant-carrageenan-induced edema in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desmarchelier
- I QUIMEFA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Palomino O, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Slowing K, Carretero E, Villar A. Study of polyphenols in grape berries by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2000; 870:449-51. [PMID: 10722101 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Several polyphenols have been tested in grape berries from Spain. The flavonoid content is important because of the pharmacological properties of these compounds, whereas resveratrol has been proved to be an antifungal, antiinflammatory and an anticarcinogenic compound. A reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed and applied to determine resveratrol, quercetine, quercitrine and rutine content in several grape berries samples in a single analysis. Covering the grapes with a preservative paper yields a healthier product, but one which has a lower polyphenol content than unprotected grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Palomino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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de las Heras B, Slowing K, Benedí J, Carretero E, Ortega T, Toledo C, Bermejo P, Iglesias I, Abad MJ, Gómez-Serranillos P, Liso PA, Villar A, Chiriboga X. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity of plants used in traditional medicine in Ecuador. J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 61:161-166. [PMID: 9683347 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts from 15 plant species, representing eight different families, used in traditional medicine in Ecuador were evaluated for antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Conyza floribunda, Eupatorium articulatum, Bonafousia longituba, Bonafousia sananho, Tagetes pusilla and Piper lenticellosum extracts showed a significant antiinflammatory activity in vivo in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in mice. The extracts were also tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. E. articulatum extract possesses both activities. Baccharis trinervis, E. articulatum and Phytolacca rivinoides extracts were active as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de las Heras
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Carretero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia. UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Slowing
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia. UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - O. M. Palomino
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia. UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. I. Villarrubia
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia. UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Villar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia. UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Two flavonol diglycosides isolated from the leaves of Eugenia jambos were characterized as quercetin and myricetin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->2) alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides by means of spectral analyses applying 2D NMR techniques and NOE experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Slowing
- Departamento de Farmacología Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activities of four organic extracts from the leaves of Eugenia jambos were investigated in rats using the Mizushima et al. model of acute and chronic inflammation (Mizushima et al. (1972) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 24, 781-785). Orally administered organic extracts of E. jambos (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol), given at daily doses equivalent to 12.5 g/kg of dried leaf material, inhibited both the acute and chronic phases of this experimental model of inflammation. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were the most effective and were equal or more effective than 80 mg/kg of phenylbutazone. The methanolic extract was the most active in the chronic phase. A 10% aqueous extract (infusion) of the leaves tested in the same model was more effective than all of the organic extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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