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Casanova Y, Negro S, Slowing K, García-García L, Fernández-Carballido A, Rahmani M, Barcia E. Micro- and Nano-Systems Developed for Tolcapone in Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051080. [PMID: 35631665 PMCID: PMC9143005 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease (PD), a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with levodopa being the cornerstone of its treatment. In early PD, levodopa provides a smooth clinical response, but after long-term therapy many patients develop motor complications. Tolcapone (TC) is an effective adjunct in the treatment of PD but has a short elimination half-life. In our work, two new controlled delivery systems of TC consisting of biodegradable PLGA 502 (poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide acid) microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) were developed and characterized. Formulations MP-TC4 and NP-TC3 were selected for animal testing. Formulation MP-TC4, prepared with 120 mg TC and 400 mg PLGA 502, exhibited a mean encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 85.13%, and zero-order in vitro release of TC for 30 days, with around 95% of the drug released at this time. Formulation NP-TC3, prepared with 10 mg of TC and 50 mg of PLGA 502, exhibited mean EE of 56.69%, particle size of 182 nm, and controlled the release of TC for 8 days. Daily i.p. (intraperitoneal) doses of rotenone (RT, 2 mg/kg) were given to Wistar rats to induce neurodegeneration. Once established, animals received TC in saline (3 mg/kg/day) or encapsulated within formulations MP-TC4 (amount of MPs equivalent to 3 mg/kg/day TC every 14 days) and NP-TC3 (amount of NPs equivalent to 3 mg/kg/day TC every 3 days). Brain analyses of Nissl-staining, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) immunohistochemistry as well as behavioral testing (catalepsy, akinesia, swim test) showed that the best formulation was NP-TC3, which was able to revert PD-like symptoms of neurodegeneration in the animal model assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaquelyn Casanova
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
| | - Sofía Negro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis García-García
- Brain Mapping Lab, Pluridisciplinary Research Institute, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mahdieh Rahmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
| | - Emilia Barcia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.C.); (S.N.); (A.F.-C.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913941741
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Barcia E, Boeva L, García-García L, Slowing K, Fernández-Carballido A, Casanova Y, Negro S. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery of ropinirole for Parkinson's disease. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1112-1123. [PMID: 28782388 PMCID: PMC8241177 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1359862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new drug delivery system is developed for ropinirole (RP) for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) consisting of biodegradable poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). The formulation selected was prepared with 8 mg RP and 50 mg PLGA 502. This formulation exhibited mean encapsulation efficiency of 74.8 ± 8.2%, mean particle size lower than 155 nm, the zeta potential of −14.25 ± 0.43 mV and zero-order in vitro release of RP (14.13 ± 0.17 μg/h/10 mg NPs) for 5 d. Daily doses of the neurotoxin rotenone (2 mg/kg) given i.p. to male Wistar rats induced neuronal and behavioral changes similar to those of PD. Once neurodegeneration was established (15 d) animals received RP in saline (1 mg/kg/d for 35 d) or encapsulated within PLGA NPs (amount of NPs equivalent to 1 mg/kg/d RP every 3 d for 35 d). Brain histology and immunochemistry (Nissl-staining, glial fibrillary acidic protein and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry) and behavioral testing (catalepsy, akinesia, rotarod and swim test) showed that RP-loaded PLGA NPs were able to revert PD-like symptoms of neurodegeneration in the animal model assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Barcia
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Liudmila Boeva
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- b Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Karla Slowing
- c Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Carballido
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Yaquelyn Casanova
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Sofía Negro
- a Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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