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Bagalkot T, Sorkin A. Amphetamine Induces Sex-Dependent Loss of the Striatal Dopamine Transporter in Sensitized Mice. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0491-23.2023. [PMID: 38164591 PMCID: PMC10849026 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0491-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) controls dopamine signaling in the brain through the reuptake of synaptically released dopamine. DAT is a target of abused psychostimulants such as amphetamine (Amph). Acute Amph administration induces transient DAT endocytosis, which, among other Amph effects on dopaminergic neurons, elevates extracellular dopamine. However, the effects of repeated Amph abuse, leading to behavioral sensitization and drug addiction, on DAT are unknown. Hence, we developed a 14 d Amph-sensitization protocol in knock-in mice expressing HA-epitope-tagged DAT (HA-DAT) and investigated the effects of Amph challenge on sensitized HA-DAT animals. The Amph challenge resulted in the highest locomotor activity on Day 14 in both sexes, which was sustained for 1 h in male but not female mice. Strikingly, significant (by 30-60%) loss of the HA-DAT protein in the striatum was caused by the Amph challenge of sensitized males but not females. Amph also reduced V max of dopamine transport in the striatal synaptosomes of males without changing K m values. Consistently, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a significant increase of HA-DAT colocalization with the endosomal protein VPS35 only in Amph-challenged males. Amph-induced loss of striatal HA-DAT in sensitized mice was blocked by chloroquine, vacuolin-1, and inhibitor of Rho-associated kinases ROCK1/2, indicative of the involvement of endocytic trafficking in the DAT protein loss. Interestingly, an apparent degradation of HA-DAT protein was observed in the nucleus accumbens and not in the dorsal striatum. We propose that Amph challenge in sensitized mice triggers Rho-mediated endocytosis and post-endocytic trafficking of DAT in a brain-region-specific and sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Bagalkot
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15261, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15261, Pennsylvania
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Obray JD, Small CA, Baldwin EK, Jang EY, Lee JG, Yang CH, Yorgason JT, Steffensen SC. Dopamine D2-Subtype Receptors Outside the Blood-Brain Barrier Mediate Enhancement of Mesolimbic Dopamine Release and Conditioned Place Preference by Intravenous Dopamine. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:944243. [PMID: 35903367 PMCID: PMC9314669 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.944243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a cell-signaling molecule that does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Despite this, peripherally administered DA enhances DA levels in the nucleus accumbens and alters DA-related behaviors. This study was designed to investigate whether DA subtype-2 receptors are involved in the enhancement of nucleus accumbens (NAc) DA levels elicited by intravenous DA administration. This was accomplished by using microdialysis in the NAc and extracellular single unit recordings of putative DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Additionally, the reinforcing properties of intravenous DA were investigated using a place conditioning paradigm and the effects of intravenous DA on ultrasonic vocalizations were assessed. Following administration of intravenous dopamine, the firing rate of putative DA neurons in the VTA displayed a biphasic response and DA levels in the nucleus accumbens were enhanced. Pretreatment with domperidone, a peripheral-only DA D2 receptor (D2R) antagonist, reduced intravenous DA mediated increases in VTA DA neuron activity and NAc DA levels. Pretreatment with phentolamine, a peripheral α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, did not alter the effects of IV DA on mesolimbic DA neurotransmission. These results provide evidence for peripheral D2R mediation of the effects of intravenous DA on mesolimbic DA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Daniel Obray
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Christina A. Small
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Emily K. Baldwin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Research Center for Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Gyeom Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jordan T. Yorgason
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Scott C. Steffensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Scott C. Steffensen
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Sustained inhibitory transmission but dysfunctional dopamine D2 receptor signaling in dorsal striatal subregions following protracted abstinence from amphetamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 218:173421. [PMID: 35718112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization to amphetamine is a complex phenomenon that engages several neurotransmitter systems and brain regions. While dysregulated signaling in the mesolimbic dopamine system repeatedly has been linked to behavioral sensitization, later research has implicated dorsal striatal circuits and GABAergic neurotransmission in contributing to behavioral transformation elicited by amphetamine. The aim of this study was thus to determine if repeated amphetamine exposure followed by abstinence would alter inhibitory neurotransmission in dorsal striatal subregions. To this end, male Wistar rats received amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg) in an intermittent manner for a total of five days. Behavioral sensitization to amphetamine was measured in locomotor-activity boxes, while neuroadaptations were recorded in the dorsolateral (DLS) and dorsomedial striatum (DMS) using ex vivo electrophysiology at different timepoints of amphetamine abstinence (2 weeks, 4-5 weeks, 10-11 weeks). Data show that repeated drug-exposure produces behavioral sensitization to the locomotor-stimulatory properties of amphetamine, which sustains for at least ten weeks. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated a long-lasting suppression of evoked population spikes in both striatal subregions. Furthermore, following ten weeks of abstinence, the responsiveness to a dopamine D2 receptor agonist was significantly impaired in brain slices from rats previously receiving amphetamine. However, neither the frequency nor the amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory currents was affected by treatment at any of the time points analyzed. In conclusion, passive administration of amphetamine initiates long-lasting neuroadaptations in brain regions associated with goal-directed behavior and habitual performance, but these transformations do not appear to be driven by changes in GABAergic neurotransmission.
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Gatica RI, Aguilar-Rivera M, Henny P, Fuentealba JA. Susceptibility to express amphetamine locomotor sensitization correlates with dorsolateral striatum bursting activity and GABAergic synapses in the globus pallidus. Brain Res Bull 2021; 179:83-96. [PMID: 34920034 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Repeated psychostimulant administration results in behavioral sensitization, a process that is relevant in the early phases of drug addiction. Critically, behavioral sensitization is not observed in all subjects. Evidence shows that differential neuronal activity in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) accompanies the expression of amphetamine (AMPH) locomotor sensitization. However, whether individual differences in DLS activity previous to AMPH administration can predict the expression of locomotor sensitization has not been assessed. Here, we examined DLS neuronal activity before and after repeated AMPH administration and related it to the susceptibility of rats to sensitize. For that, single-unit recordings on DLS medium spiny neurons (MSNs) were carried out in freely moving male Sprague Dawley rats during repeated AMPH administration. We also examined differences in neurostructure that could accompany sensitization. We quantified the density of the inhibitory postsynaptic marker gephyrin (Geph) in the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) and globus pallidus (GP). A higher burst firing and a lower percentage of correlation between MSNs post-Saline firing rate vs. locomotion predicted the expression of locomotor sensitization. Moreover, during the AMPH challenge, we observed that burst firing decreased in sensitized rats, in contrast to non-sensitized rats in which burst firing was maintained. Finally, a higher Geph density on GP but not EP was observed in non-sensitized rats after AMPH challenge. These results indicate that initial differences in DLS burst firing might underlie the susceptibility to express locomotor sensitization and suggest that the potentiation of dorsal striatum indirect pathway could be considered a protective mechanism to locomotor sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ignacio Gatica
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile; Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía, Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330023, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8330023, Chile
| | - Marcelo Aguilar-Rivera
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Henny
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía, Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330023, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8330023, Chile
| | - José Antonio Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8330023, Chile.
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Danielsson K, Lagström O, Ericson M, Söderpalm B, Adermark L. Subregion-specific effects on striatal neurotransmission and dopamine-signaling by acute and repeated amphetamine exposure. Neuropharmacology 2021; 194:108638. [PMID: 34116108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Repeated administration of psychostimulants, such as amphetamine, is associated with a progressive increased sensitivity to some of the drug's effects, but tolerance towards others. We hypothesized that these adaptations in part could be linked to differential effects by amphetamine on dopaminergic signaling in striatal subregions. To test this theory, acute and long-lasting changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission were assessed in the nucleus accumbens (nAc) and the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) following amphetamine exposure in Wistar rats. By means of in vivo microdialysis, dopamine release induced by local administration of amphetamine was monitored in nAc and DMS of amphetamine naïve rats, and in rats subjected to five days of systemic amphetamine administration (2.0 mg/kg/day) followed by two weeks of withdrawal. In parallel, ex vivo electrophysiology was conducted to outline the effect of acute and repeated amphetamine exposure on striatal neurotransmission. The data shows that amphetamine increases dopamine in a concentration-dependent and subregion-specific manner. Furthermore, repeated administration of amphetamine followed by abstinence resulted in a selective decrease in baseline dopamine in the nAc, and a potentiation of the relative dopamine elevation after systemic amphetamine in the same area. Ex vivo electrophysiology demonstrated decreased excitatory neurotransmission in brain slices from amphetamine-treated animals, and a nAc selective shift in the responsiveness to the dopamine D2-receptor agonist quinpirole. These selective effects on dopamine signaling seen in striatal subregions after repeated drug exposure may partially explain why tolerance develops to the rewarding effects, but not towards the psychosis inducing properties of amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Danielsson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oona Lagström
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Beroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Two Players in the Field: Hierarchical Model of Interaction between the Dopamine and Acetylcholine Signaling Systems in the Striatum. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010025. [PMID: 33401461 PMCID: PMC7824505 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight interactions exist between dopamine and acetylcholine signaling in the striatum. Dopaminergic neurons express muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and cholinergic interneurons express dopamine receptors. All neurons in the striatum are pacemakers. An increase in dopamine release is activated by stopping acetylcholine release. The coordinated timing or synchrony of the direct and indirect pathways is critical for refined movements. Changes in neurotransmitter ratios are considered a prominent factor in Parkinson’s disease. In general, drugs increase striatal dopamine release, and others can potentiate both dopamine and acetylcholine release. Both neurotransmitters and their receptors show diurnal variations. Recently, it was observed that reward function is modulated by the circadian system, and behavioral changes (hyperactivity and hypoactivity during the light and dark phases, respectively) are present in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. The striatum is one of the key structures responsible for increased locomotion in the active (dark) period in mice lacking M4 muscarinic receptors. Thus, we propose here a hierarchical model of the interaction between dopamine and acetylcholine signaling systems in the striatum. The basis of this model is their functional morphology. The next highest mode of interaction between these two neurotransmitter systems is their interaction at the neurotransmitter/receptor/signaling level. Furthermore, these interactions contribute to locomotor activity regulation and reward behavior, and the topmost level of interaction represents their biological rhythmicity.
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Pérez-Neri I, Parra D, Aquino-Miranda G, Coffeen U, Ríos C. Dehydroepiandrosterone increases tonic and phasic dopamine release in the striatum. Neurosci Lett 2020; 734:135095. [PMID: 32473195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission. It takes part in neurologic and psychiatric diseases involving monoamine neurotransmitters. Earlier results show that DHEA (120-min treatment) reduced striatal dopamine (DA) turnover in rats, suggesting a reduced DA release. Some investigations report that DHEA increases DA release but inhibits motor activity, which seems contradictory. This research examines the effect of DHEA on striatal DA release, its metabolism and motor activity. Male Wistar rats were implanted in the striatum with a cannula for in vivo microdialysis. DHEA was administered (120 mg/kg) and dialysates were collected for 280 min. A depolarizing stimulus was applied at 120 min. Samples were analyzed by HPLC-ED to determine the concentration of DA and its metabolites. The effect of DHEA on motor activity was also evaluated during 120 min. Extracellular DA concentration was greater in treated animals both before and after depolarization. In contrast, DHEA reduced the areas below the curves for DA metabolites and DA/metabolite ratios. DHEA also reduced motor activity, remarkably in the first 20 min after treatment. In summary, DHEA yielded a stimulatory effect on striatal DA release that was not reflected in neither DA metabolism nor motor activity. Thus, DHEA resembles the effect of typical antipsychotics, increasing DA release but reducing behavioral activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Pérez-Neri
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Insurgentes sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Doris Parra
- National Polytechnic Institute, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq, Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Miranda
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Insurgentes sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ulises Coffeen
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz México-Xochimilco 101, Huipulco, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Insurgentes sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Reed C, Stafford AM, Mootz JRK, Baba H, Erk J, Phillips TJ. A breeding strategy to identify modifiers of high genetic risk for methamphetamine intake. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12667. [PMID: 32424970 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (Taar1) impacts methamphetamine (MA) intake. A mutant allele (Taar1m1J ) derived from the DBA/2J mouse strain codes for a non-functional receptor, and Taar1m1J/m1J mice consume more MA than mice possessing the reference Taar1+ allele. To study the impact of this mutation in a genetically diverse population, heterogeneous stock-collaborative cross (HS-CC) mice, the product of an eight-way cross of standard and wild-derived strains, were tested for MA intake. HS-CC had low MA intake, so an HS-CC by DBA/2J strain F2 intercross was created to transfer the mutant allele onto the diverse background, and used for selective breeding. To study residual variation in MA intake existing in Taar1m1J/m1J mice, selective breeding for higher (MAH) vs lower (MAL) MA intake was initiated from Taar1m1J/m1J F2 individuals; a control line of Taar1+/+ individuals (MAC) was retained. The lines were also examined for MA-induced locomotor and thermal responses, and fluid and tastant consumption. Taar1m1J/m1J F2 mice consumed significantly more MA than Taar1+/+ F2 mice. Response to selection was significant by generation 2 and there were corresponding differences in fluid consumed. Fluid consumption was not different in non-MA drinking studies. Taar1m1J/m1J genotype (MAL or MAH vs MAC mice) was associated with heighted MA locomotor and reduced hypothermic responses. MAL mice exhibited greater sensitization than MAH mice, but the selected lines did not consistently differ for thermal or tastant phenotypes. Residual variation among high-risk Taar1m1J/m1J mice appears to involve mechanisms associated with neuroadaptation to MA, but not sensitivity to hypothermic effects of MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Reed
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alexandra M Stafford
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - John R K Mootz
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Harue Baba
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason Erk
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tamara J Phillips
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
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