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Nematova S, Zinszer B, Morlet T, Morini G, Petitto LA, Jasińska KK. Impact of ASL Exposure on Spoken Phonemic Discrimination in Adult CI Users: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2024; 5:553-588. [PMID: 38939730 PMCID: PMC11210937 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
We examined the impact of exposure to a signed language (American Sign Language, or ASL) at different ages on the neural systems that support spoken language phonemic discrimination in deaf individuals with cochlear implants (CIs). Deaf CI users (N = 18, age = 18-24 yrs) who were exposed to a signed language at different ages and hearing individuals (N = 18, age = 18-21 yrs) completed a phonemic discrimination task in a spoken native (English) and non-native (Hindi) language while undergoing functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging. Behaviorally, deaf CI users who received a CI early versus later in life showed better English phonemic discrimination, albeit phonemic discrimination was poor relative to hearing individuals. Importantly, the age of exposure to ASL was not related to phonemic discrimination. Neurally, early-life language exposure, irrespective of modality, was associated with greater neural activation of left-hemisphere language areas critically involved in phonological processing during the phonemic discrimination task in deaf CI users. In particular, early exposure to ASL was associated with increased activation in the left hemisphere's classic language regions for native versus non-native language phonemic contrasts for deaf CI users who received a CI later in life. For deaf CI users who received a CI early in life, the age of exposure to ASL was not related to neural activation during phonemic discrimination. Together, the findings suggest that early signed language exposure does not negatively impact spoken language processing in deaf CI users, but may instead potentially offset the negative effects of language deprivation that deaf children without any signed language exposure experience prior to implantation. This empirical evidence aligns with and lends support to recent perspectives regarding the impact of ASL exposure in the context of CI usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakhlo Nematova
- Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Benjamin Zinszer
- Department of Psychology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | - Thierry Morlet
- Nemours Children’s Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Giovanna Morini
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Laura-Ann Petitto
- Brain and Language Center for Neuroimaging, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kaja K. Jasińska
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Liu X, Gao Z, Liu W, He X, Wang N. AoA-L2 and Usage-L2 modulate the functional neuroplasticity of the subcortex. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 245:105323. [PMID: 37757503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed structural differences in subcortical regions between monolinguals and bilinguals; however, whether the functional neuroplasticity of the subcortex is modulated by different bilingual experiences remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of age of second language acquisition (AoA-L2) and usage of L2 (Usage-L2) on subcorto-cortical and intra-subcortical functional connectivity (FC) in bilinguals by using resting-state fMRI data. The relations between brain measurements and bilingual experiences were revealed by using multiple regression analysis. We found that increased AoA-L2 was mainly related to decreased subcortical FC involving the anterior thalamus, basal ganglia, and hippocampus. Increased Usage-L2 at home was mainly associated with decreased subcortical FC of the amygdala, globus pallidus, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens. The FC of these subcortical regions displayed a positive relation with Usage-L2 in social settings. These findings reveal that bilingual experiences modulate the functional neuroplasticity of the subcortex in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- Center for Educational Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Zhenni Gao
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Center for Educational Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Xintong He
- Center for Educational Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Naiyi Wang
- Institute of Educational Psychology and School Counseling, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Lab for Educational Neuroscience, Center for Educational Science and Technology, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Lu D, Wang X, Wei Y, Cui Y, Wang Y. Neural pathways of attitudes toward foreign languages predict academic performance. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1181989. [PMID: 37564316 PMCID: PMC10410274 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1181989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning attitude is thought to impact students' academic achievement and success, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of learning attitudes remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the neural markers linked to attitudes toward foreign languages and how they contribute to foreign-language performance. Forty-one Chinese speakers who hold differentiated foreign language (English) attitudes were asked to complete an English semantic judgment task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment. Multimethod brain imaging analyses showed that, compared with the positive attitude group (PAG), the negative attitude group (NAG) showed increased brain activation in the left STG and functional connectivity between the left STG and the right precentral gyrus (PCG), as well as changed functional segregation and integration of brain networks under the English reading task, after controlling for English reading scores. Mediation analysis further revealed that left STG activity and STG-PCG connectivity mediated the relationships between English attitudes and English reading performance. Taken together, these findings suggest that objective neural markers related to subjective foreign language attitudes (FLAs) exist and that attitude-related neural pathways play important roles in determining students' academic performance. Our findings provide new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms by which attitudes regulate academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaozhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Proper Therapy Selection Improves Epilepsy Outcomes in Patients With Multilobar Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 143:6-12. [PMID: 36934517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemispherectomy is an optimal treatment for patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) affecting the whole hemisphere; however, a consensus has not been reached regarding therapeutic choices for those with involvement of two to three lobes. In this study, we compared seizure and cognitive outcomes between medical and surgical treatment groups in patients with multilobar involvement. METHODS We evaluated 50 patients with multilobar involvement. Surgical indications included (1) antiepileptic drug (AED)-resistant seizures; (2) developmental delay; and (3) cortical atrophy. Twenty-nine patients were classified in the medical treatment group (MTG), and 21 patients were in the surgical treatment group (STG). Seizure type and frequency, SWS electroencephalography score (SWS-EEGS), and pretherapeutic and posttherapeutic SWS neurological scores (SWS-NS) were compared between groups. Median ages at the initial evaluation of the MTG and STG were 4 and 2 years, and at the final evaluation were 13 and 17 years, respectively. RESULTS The STG had a higher incidence (76.2%) of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures and status epilepticus, although no difference in SWS-EEGS. Seizure and cognitive subcategories of SWS-NS at initial evaluation were worse in the STG (P = 0.025 and P = 0.007). The seizure subcategory in MTG and STG improved after therapy (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001). Cognition was maintained in MTG and improved in STG (P = 0.002). The seizure-free rates in MTG and STG were 58.6% and 85.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate therapeutic choices improved seizure outcomes. Although patients who required surgery had more severe epilepsy and cognitive impairment, surgery improved both.
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Associations between Brain Microstructure and Phonological Processing Ability in Preschool Children. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060782. [PMID: 35740719 PMCID: PMC9221994 DOI: 10.3390/children9060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have associated brain changes in children with future reading and language skills, but few studies have investigated the association between language skills and white matter structure in preschool-aged children. Using 208 data sets acquired in 73 healthy children aged 2–7 years, we investigated the relationship between developmental brain microstructure and phonological processing ability as measured using their phonological processing raw score (PPRS). The correlation analysis showed that across the whole age group, with increasing age, PPRS increased, fractional anisotropy (FA) of the internal capsule and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and some other regions increased, and mean diffusivity (MD) of the corpus callosum and internal capsule and some other regions decreased. The results of the mediation analysis suggest that increased FA may be the basis of phonological processing ability development during this period, and the increased number of fiber connections between the right inferior parietal lobule and right supramarginal gyrus may be a key imaging feature of phonological processing ability development. Our study reflects the changes in brain microstructure and contributes to understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of language development in preschool children.
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Saotome K, Matsushita A, Eto F, Shimizu Y, Kubota S, Kadone H, Ikumi A, Marushima A, Masumoto T, Koda M, Takahashi H, Miura K, Matsumura A, Sankai Y, Yamazaki M. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of brain activity during hybrid assistive limb intervention in a chronic spinal cord injury patient with C4 quadriplegia. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 99:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yeung AWK, Wong NSM. The non-transparent usage and reporting of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory in functional magnetic resonance imaging literature: a survey of studies published since 2013. Laterality 2021; 27:221-231. [PMID: 34583612 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2021.1984497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Subject handedness is an important parameter to be evaluated and accounted for in neuroscience studies dealing with laterality. The aim of this study was to survey for the details of how researchers administered the Edinburgh handedness inventory (EHI) to assess subject handedness. Web of Science and PubMed databases was searched on 3 August 2021 to identify functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) articles published since 2013 using the EHI or citing Oldfield, the original paper that introduced the EHI. Articles not actually using the EHI and/or its variants were excluded. Two reviewers performed the screening independently and disagreements were solved by mutual consensus. Most of the 406 studies using the EHI did not report details regarding the number of items (94.1%), identity of items (96.1%), response format (97.0%), and cutoff score for right-handedness (87.2%). Items were found dropped or replaced, with response format and cutoff score changed without citing references that justified the modifications. A clearer reporting of the details of the EHI as an assessment tool for determining subject handedness should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Natalie Sui Miu Wong
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Kanno S, Ogawa KI, Kikuchi H, Toyoshima M, Abe N, Sato K, Miyazawa K, Oshima R, Ohtomo S, Arai H, Shibuya S, Suzuki K. Reduced default mode network connectivity relative to white matter integrity is associated with poor cognitive outcomes in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 34517828 PMCID: PMC8436532 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether default mode network (DMN) connectivity and brain white matter integrity at baseline were associated with severe cognitive impairments at baseline and poor cognitive outcomes after shunt placement in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). METHODS Twenty consecutive patients with iNPH whose symptoms were followed for 6 months after shunt placement and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. DMN connectivity and brain white matter integrity at baseline in the patients with iNPH and HCs were detected by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with independent component analysis and diffusion tensor imaging, respectively, and these MRI indexes were compared between the patients with iNPH and HCs. Performance on neuropsychological tests for memory and executive function and on the gait test was assessed in the patients with iNPH at baseline and 6 months after shunt placement. We divided the patients with iNPH into the relatively preserved and reduced DMN connectivity groups using the MRI indexes for DMN connectivity and brain white matter integrity, and the clinical measures were compared between the relatively preserved and reduced DMN connectivity groups. RESULTS Mean DMN connectivity in the iNPH group was significantly lower than that in the HC group and was significantly positively correlated with Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT) immediate recall scores and frontal assessment battery (FAB) scores. Mean fractional anisotropy of the whole-brain white matter skeleton in the iNPH group was significantly lower than that in the HC group. The reduced DMN connectivity group showed significantly worse performance on the RAVLT at baseline and significantly worse improvement in the RAVLT immediate recall and recognition scores and the FAB scores than the preserved DMN connectivity group. Moreover, the RAVLT recognition score highly discriminated patients with relatively preserved DMN connectivity from those with relatively reduced DMN connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that iNPH patients with reduced DMN connectivity relative to the severity of brain white matter disruption have severe memory deficits at baseline and poorer cognitive outcomes after shunt placement. However, further larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Kanno
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Miyagi, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan.
| | - Kun-Ichi Ogawa
- Department of Radiology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Healthcare Center, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Masako Toyoshima
- Department of Rehabilitation, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazushi Sato
- Department of Radiology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyazawa
- Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuji Oshima
- Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Satoru Ohtomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shibuya
- Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Moriyama Memorial Hospital, Edogawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Suzuki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Miyagi, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
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Jeong J, Banerjee S, Lee M, O'Hara N, Behen M, Juhász C, Dong M. Deep reasoning neural network analysis to predict language deficits from psychometry-driven DWI connectome of young children with persistent language concerns. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3326-3338. [PMID: 33949048 PMCID: PMC8193535 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether current state-of-the-art deep reasoning network analysis on psychometry-driven diffusion tractography connectome can accurately predict expressive and receptive language scores in a cohort of young children with persistent language concerns (n = 31, age: 4.25 ± 2.38 years). A dilated convolutional neural network combined with a relational network (dilated CNN + RN) was trained to reason the nonlinear relationship between "dilated CNN features of language network" and "clinically acquired language score". Three-fold cross-validation was then used to compare the Pearson correlation and mean absolute error (MAE) between dilated CNN + RN-predicted and actual language scores. The dilated CNN + RN outperformed other methods providing the most significant correlation between predicted and actual scores (i.e., Pearson's R/p-value: 1.00/<.001 and .99/<.001 for expressive and receptive language scores, respectively) and yielding MAE: 0.28 and 0.28 for the same scores. The strength of the relationship suggests elevated probability in the prediction of both expressive and receptive language scores (i.e., 1.00 and 1.00, respectively). Specifically, sparse connectivity not only within the right precentral gyrus but also involving the right caudate had the strongest relationship between deficit in both the expressive and receptive language domains. Subsequent subgroup analyses inferred that the effectiveness of the dilated CNN + RN-based prediction of language score(s) was independent of time interval (between MRI and language assessment) and age of MRI, suggesting that the dilated CNN + RN using psychometry-driven diffusion tractography connectome may be useful for prediction of the presence of language disorder, and possibly provide a better understanding of the neurological mechanisms of language deficits in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong‐Won Jeong
- Departments of PediatricsWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- NeurologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Translational Neuroscience ProgramWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Translational Imaging LaboratoryChildren's Hospital of MichiganDetroitMichiganUSA
| | | | - Min‐Hee Lee
- Departments of PediatricsWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Translational Imaging LaboratoryChildren's Hospital of MichiganDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Nolan O'Hara
- Translational Neuroscience ProgramWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Translational Imaging LaboratoryChildren's Hospital of MichiganDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Michael Behen
- Departments of PediatricsWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- NeurologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Translational Imaging LaboratoryChildren's Hospital of MichiganDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Csaba Juhász
- Departments of PediatricsWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- NeurologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Translational Neuroscience ProgramWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Translational Imaging LaboratoryChildren's Hospital of MichiganDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Ming Dong
- Computer ScienceWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
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Altered Brain Structural Networks in Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Located in Broca's Area. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8886803. [PMID: 33163073 PMCID: PMC7604605 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8886803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal brain lesions, such as stroke and tumors, can lead to remote structural alterations across the whole-brain networks. Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), usually presumed to be congenital, often result in tissue degeneration and functional displacement of the perifocal areas, but it remains unclear whether AVMs may produce long-range effects upon the whole-brain white matter organization. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging and graph theory methods to investigate the alterations of brain structural networks in 14 patients with AVMs in the presumed Broca's area, compared to 27 normal controls. Weighted brain structural networks were constructed based on deterministic tractography. We compared the topological properties and network connectivity between patients and normal controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed contralateral reorganization of Broca's area in five (35.7%) patients. Compared to normal controls, the patients exhibited preserved small-worldness of brain structural networks. However, AVM patients exhibited significantly decreased global efficiency (p = 0.004) and clustering coefficient (p = 0.014), along with decreased corresponding nodal properties in some remote brain regions (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Furthermore, structural connectivity was reduced in the right perisylvian regions but enhanced in the perifocal areas (p < 0.05). The vulnerability of the left supramarginal gyrus was significantly increased (p = 0.039, corrected), and the bilateral putamina were added as hubs in the AVM patients. These alterations provide evidence for the long-range effects of AVMs on brain white matter networks. Our preliminary findings contribute extra insights into the understanding of brain plasticity and pathological state in patients with AVMs.
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Liu X, Tu L, Chen X, Zhong M, Niu M, Zhao L, Lu Z, Huang R. Dynamic Language Network in Early and Late Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1189. [PMID: 32625136 PMCID: PMC7314931 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain representation of language in bilinguals is sculptured by several factors, such as age of acquisition (AoA) and proficiency level (PL) in second language. Although the effect of AoA-L2 on brain function and structure has been studied, little attention is devoted to dynamic properties of the language network and their differences between early and late bilinguals. In this study, we acquired resting-state fMRI data from early and late Cantonese (L1)–Mandarin (L2) bilinguals with high PLs of verbal fluency in both languages. We then analyzed dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) by using the sliding-windows approach, estimated the dFC states by using the k-means clustering algorithm, and calculated the dynamic topological properties of the language network for the early and late bilinguals. We detected four dFC states, State 1, State 2, State 3, and State 4, which may be related to phonetic processing, semantic processing, language control, and syntactic processing, respectively. Compared to the late bilinguals, the early bilinguals showed higher dFC between the inferior frontal area and the temporal area in State 1 and State 2, while higher dFC between the cerebellum and other regions in State 3. The early bilinguals showed a higher clustering coefficient and local and global efficiency in State 1 and State 3, but lower characteristic path length in State 1, than the late bilinguals. Together, these results suggested that AoA-L2 affects temporal neural activation and dynamic topological properties of the language network. These findings provide new information to understand the effect of experience of L2 acquisition on language network in bilinguals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Tu
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhong
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Niu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Lu
- Guangdong Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Research and Services, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Waldie KE, Badzakova-Trajkov G, Park HRP, Zheng Y, Neumann D, Zamani Foroushani N. The cognitive and neural correlates of written language: a selective review of bilingualism. J R Soc N Z 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2020.1779093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Waldie
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gjurgjica Badzakova-Trajkov
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Adult Community Mental Health Services, North Shore, Auckland WDHB, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Haeme R. P. Park
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Yuxuan Zheng
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denise Neumann
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nasrin Zamani Foroushani
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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