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Dmytriw AA, Hadjinicolaou A, Ntolkeras G, Tamilia E, Pesce M, Berto LF, Grant PE, Pang E, Ahtam B. Magnetoencephalography for the pediatric population, indications, acquisition and interpretation for the clinician. Neuroradiol J 2024:19714009241260801. [PMID: 38864180 DOI: 10.1177/19714009241260801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an imaging technique that enables the assessment of cortical activity via direct measures of neurophysiology. It is a non-invasive and passive technique that is completely painless. MEG has gained increasing prominence in the field of pediatric neuroimaging. This dedicated review article for the pediatric population summarizes the fundamental technical and clinical aspects of MEG for the clinician. We discuss methods tailored for children to improve data quality, including child-friendly MEG facility environments and strategies to mitigate motion artifacts. We provide an in-depth overview on accurate localization of neural sources and different analysis methods, as well as data interpretation. The contemporary platforms and approaches of two quaternary pediatric referral centers are illustrated, shedding light on practical implementations in clinical settings. Finally, we describe the expanding clinical applications of MEG, including its pivotal role in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients, presurgical mapping of eloquent cortices (somatosensory and motor cortices, visual and auditory cortices, lateralization of language), its emerging relevance in autism spectrum disorder research and potential future clinical applications, and its utility in assessing mild traumatic brain injury. In conclusion, this review serves as a comprehensive resource of clinicians as well as researchers, offering insights into the evolving landscape of pediatric MEG. It discusses the importance of technical advancements, data acquisition strategies, and expanding clinical applications in harnessing the full potential of MEG to study neurological conditions in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Dmytriw
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aristides Hadjinicolaou
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgios Ntolkeras
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleonora Tamilia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Pesce
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura F Berto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pang
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Banu Ahtam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Fonseca N, Bowerman J, Askari P, Proskovec AL, Feltrin FS, Veltkamp D, Early H, Wagner BC, Davenport EM, Maldjian JA. Magnetoencephalography Atlas Viewer for Dipole Localization and Viewing. J Imaging 2024; 10:80. [PMID: 38667978 PMCID: PMC11051542 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique widely recognized for epilepsy and tumor mapping. MEG clinical reporting requires a multidisciplinary team, including expert input regarding each dipole's anatomic localization. Here, we introduce a novel tool, the "Magnetoencephalography Atlas Viewer" (MAV), which streamlines this anatomical analysis. The MAV normalizes the patient's Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, reverse-normalizes MNI atlases to the native MRI, identifies MEG dipole files, and matches dipoles' coordinates to their spatial location in atlas files. It offers a user-friendly and interactive graphical user interface (GUI) for displaying individual dipoles, groups, coordinates, anatomical labels, and a tri-planar MRI view of the patient with dipole overlays. It evaluated over 273 dipoles obtained in clinical epilepsy subjects. Consensus-based ground truth was established by three neuroradiologists, with a minimum agreement threshold of two. The concordance between the ground truth and MAV labeling ranged from 79% to 84%, depending on the normalization method. Higher concordance rates were observed in subjects with minimal or no structural abnormalities on the MRI, ranging from 80% to 90%. The MAV provides a straightforward MEG dipole anatomic localization method, allowing a nonspecialist to prepopulate a report, thereby facilitating and reducing the time of clinical reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.C.d. Fonseca
- MEG Center of Excellence, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (P.A.); (A.L.P.); (F.S.F.); (D.V.); (H.E.); (E.M.D.); (J.A.M.)
- Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.B.); (B.C.W.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jason Bowerman
- Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.B.); (B.C.W.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pegah Askari
- MEG Center of Excellence, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (P.A.); (A.L.P.); (F.S.F.); (D.V.); (H.E.); (E.M.D.); (J.A.M.)
- Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.B.); (B.C.W.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Amy L. Proskovec
- MEG Center of Excellence, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (P.A.); (A.L.P.); (F.S.F.); (D.V.); (H.E.); (E.M.D.); (J.A.M.)
- Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.B.); (B.C.W.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Fabricio Stewan Feltrin
- MEG Center of Excellence, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (P.A.); (A.L.P.); (F.S.F.); (D.V.); (H.E.); (E.M.D.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel Veltkamp
- MEG Center of Excellence, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (P.A.); (A.L.P.); (F.S.F.); (D.V.); (H.E.); (E.M.D.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Heather Early
- MEG Center of Excellence, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (P.A.); (A.L.P.); (F.S.F.); (D.V.); (H.E.); (E.M.D.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ben C. Wagner
- Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.B.); (B.C.W.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Davenport
- MEG Center of Excellence, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (P.A.); (A.L.P.); (F.S.F.); (D.V.); (H.E.); (E.M.D.); (J.A.M.)
- Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.B.); (B.C.W.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A. Maldjian
- MEG Center of Excellence, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (P.A.); (A.L.P.); (F.S.F.); (D.V.); (H.E.); (E.M.D.); (J.A.M.)
- Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.B.); (B.C.W.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Noorizadeh N, Varner JA, Birg L, Williard T, Rezaie R, Wheless J, Narayana S. Comparing the efficacy of awake and sedated MEG to TMS in mapping hand sensorimotor cortex in a clinical cohort. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103562. [PMID: 38215622 PMCID: PMC10821581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Non-invasive methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) aid in the pre-surgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy or brain tumor to identify sensorimotor cortices. MEG requires sedation in children or patients with developmental delay. However, TMS can be applied to awake patients of all ages with any cognitive abilities. In this study, we compared the efficacy of TMS with MEG (in awake and sedated states) in identifying the hand sensorimotor areas in patients with epilepsy or brain tumors. We identified 153 patients who underwent awake- (n = 98) or sedated-MEG (n = 55), along with awake TMS for hand sensorimotor mapping as part of their pre-surgical evaluation. TMS involved stimulating the precentral gyrus and recording electromyography responses, while MEG identified the somatosensory cortex during median nerve stimulation. Awake-MEG had a success rate of 92.35 % and TMS had 99.49 % (p-value = 0.5517). However, in the sedated-MEG cohort, TMS success rate of 95.61 % was significantly higher compared to MEG's 58.77 % (p-value = 0.0001). Factors affecting mapping success were analyzed. Logistic regression across the entire cohort identified patient sedation as the lone significant predictor, contrary to age, lesion, metal, and number of antiseizure medications (ASMs). A subsequent analysis replaced sedation with anesthetic drug dosage, revealing no significant predictors impacting somatosensory mapping success under sedation. This study yields insights into the utility of TMS and MEG in mapping hand sensorimotor cortices and underscores the importance of considering factors that influence eloquent cortex mapping limitations during sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Noorizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jackie Austin Varner
- Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Liliya Birg
- Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Theresa Williard
- Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Roozbeh Rezaie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - James Wheless
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shalini Narayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
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Mishra R, Mariyappa N, Rao Malla B, Arivazhagan A, Mishra B, Gautham B, Chowdary Mundlamuri R, Jayabal V, Raghavendra K, Asranna A, Viswanathan LG, Sadashiva N, Bharath RD, Saini J, Nagaraj C, Mangalore S, Karthik K, Rajeswaran J, Kumar K, Mahadevan A, Sinha S. Localisation of eloquent cortex using magnetoencephalography and its clinical implications. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37824719 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2270684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to localise the eloquent cortex and measure evoked field (EF) parameters using magnetoencephalography in patients with epilepsy and tumours near the eloquent cortex. METHODS A total of 41 patients (26 with drug-refractory epilepsy and 15 with tumours), with a mean age of 33 years, were recruited. Visual evoked field (VEF), auditory evoked field (AEF), sensory evoked field (SSEF), and motor-evoked field (MEF) latencies, amplitudes, and localisation were compared with those of a control population. Subgroup analyses were performed based on lobar involvement. Evoked Field parameters on the affected side were compared with those on the opposite side. The effect of distance from the lesion on nearby and distant evoked fields was evaluated. RESULTS AEF and VEF amplitudes and latencies were reduced bilaterally (p < 0.05). Amplitude in the ipsilateral SSEF was reduced by 29.27% and 2.16% in the AEF group compared to the contralateral side (p = 0.02). In patients with temporal lobe lesions, the SSEF amplitude was reduced bilaterally (p < 0.02), and latency was prolonged compared with controls. The MEF amplitude was reduced and latency was prolonged in patients with frontal lobe lesions (p = 0.01). EF displacement was 32%, 57%, 21%, and 16% for AEF, MEF, VEF, and SSEF respectively. Patients in the epilepsy group had distant EF abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS EF amplitude was reduced and latency was prolonged in the involved hemisphere. Distant EF amplitudes were more affected than latencies in epilepsy. Amplitude and distance from the lesion had negative correlation for all EF. EF changes indicated eloquent cortical displacement which may not be apparent on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mishra
- Department of Neurosurgery, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - N Mariyappa
- MEG Research Centre, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
- Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | | | - A Arivazhagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - Bhupendra Mishra
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Bhargava Gautham
- MEG Research Centre, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
- Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Velmurugan Jayabal
- MEG Research Centre, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
- Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ajay Asranna
- Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - Sandhya Mangalore
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Keshav Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Sanjib Sinha
- MEG Research Centre, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
- Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
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Vitulli F, Kalaitzoglou D, Soumpasis C, Díaz-Baamonde A, Mosquera JDS, Gullan R, Vergani F, Ashkan K, Bhangoo R, Mirallave-Pescador A, Lavrador JP. Cortical-Subcortical Functional Preservation and Rehabilitation in Neuro-Oncology: Tractography-MIPS-IONM-TMS Proof-of-Concept Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1278. [PMID: 37623528 PMCID: PMC10455135 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical management of deep-seated brain tumors requires precise functional navigation and minimally invasive surgery. Preoperative mapping using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS), intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), and minimally invasive parafascicular surgery (MIPS) act together in a functional-sparing approach. nTMS also provides a rehabilitation tool to maximize functional recovery. This is a single-center retrospective proof-of-concept cohort study between January 2022 and June 2023 of patients admitted for surgery with motor eloquent deep-seated brain tumors. The study enrolled seven adult patients, five females and two males, with a mean age of 56.28 years old. The lesions were located in the cingulate gyrus (three patients), the central core (two patients), and the basal ganglia (two patients). All patients had preoperative motor deficits. The most common histological diagnosis was metastasis (five patients). The MIPS approach to the mid-cingulate lesions involved a trajectory through the fronto-aslant tract (FAT) and the fronto-striatal tract (FST). No positive nTMS motor responses were resected as part of the outer corridor for MIPS. Direct cortical stimulation produced stable motor-evoked potentials during the surgeries with no warning signs. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in three patients and near-total resection (NTR) in four patients. Post-operatively, all patients had a deterioration of motor function with no ischemia in the postoperative imaging (cavity-to-CST distance 0-4 mm). After nTMS with low-frequency stimulation in the contralateral motor cortex, six patients recovered to their preoperative functional status and one patient improved to a better functional condition. A combined Tractography-MIPS-IONM-TMS approach provides a successful functional-sparing approach to deep-seated motor eloquent tumors and a rehabilitation framework for functional recovery after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vitulli
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (F.V.); (C.S.); (R.G.); (F.V.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (A.M.-P.); (J.P.L.)
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Dental Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Naples, “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Kalaitzoglou
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (F.V.); (C.S.); (R.G.); (F.V.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (A.M.-P.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Christos Soumpasis
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (F.V.); (C.S.); (R.G.); (F.V.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (A.M.-P.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Alba Díaz-Baamonde
- Department of Neurophysiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (A.D.-B.); (J.D.S.M.)
| | - José David Siado Mosquera
- Department of Neurophysiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (A.D.-B.); (J.D.S.M.)
| | - Richard Gullan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (F.V.); (C.S.); (R.G.); (F.V.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (A.M.-P.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Francesco Vergani
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (F.V.); (C.S.); (R.G.); (F.V.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (A.M.-P.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (F.V.); (C.S.); (R.G.); (F.V.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (A.M.-P.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Ranjeev Bhangoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (F.V.); (C.S.); (R.G.); (F.V.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (A.M.-P.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Ana Mirallave-Pescador
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (F.V.); (C.S.); (R.G.); (F.V.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (A.M.-P.); (J.P.L.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (A.D.-B.); (J.D.S.M.)
| | - Jose Pedro Lavrador
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (F.V.); (C.S.); (R.G.); (F.V.); (K.A.); (R.B.); (A.M.-P.); (J.P.L.)
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Tyner K, Das S, McCumber M, Alfatlawi M, Gliske SV. An Automated Algorithm for the Identification of Somatosensory Cortex Using Magnetoencephalography. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082586 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The localization of eloquent cortex is crucial for many neurosurgical applications, such as epilepsy and tumor resection. Non-invasive localization of these cortical areas using magnetoencephalography (MEG) is generally performed using equivalent current dipoles. While this method is clinically validated, source localization depends on several subjective parameters. This paper aimed to develop an automated algorithm for identifying the cortical area activated during a somatosensory task from MEG recordings. Our algorithm uses singular value decomposition to outline the cortical area involved in this task. For proof of concept, we evaluate our algorithm using data from 10 subjects with epilepsy. Our algorithm has a statistically significant overlap with the somatosensory cortex (the expected active area in healthy subjects) in 6 of 10 subjects. Having thus demonstrated proof of concept, we conclude that our algorithm is ready for further testing in a larger cohort of subjects.Clinical relevance- Our algorithm identifies the dominant cortical area and boundary of the cortical tissue involved in a task-related response.
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7
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Huang MX, Harrington DL, Angeles-Quinto A, Ji Z, Robb-Swan A, Huang CW, Shen Q, Hansen H, Baumgartner J, Hernandez-Lucas J, Nichols S, Jacobus J, Song T, Lerman I, Bazhenov M, Krishnan GP, Baker DG, Rao R, Lee RR. EMG-projected MEG High-Resolution Source Imaging of Human Motor Execution: Brain-Muscle Coupling above Movement Frequencies. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.23.23291825. [PMID: 37425691 PMCID: PMC10327237 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.23291825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive functional imaging technique for pre-surgical mapping. However, movement-related MEG functional mapping of primary motor cortex (M1) has been challenging in presurgical patients with brain lesions and sensorimotor dysfunction due to the large numbers of trails needed to obtain adequate signal to noise. Moreover, it is not fully understood how effective the brain communication is with the muscles at frequencies above the movement frequency and its harmonics. We developed a novel Electromyography (EMG)-projected MEG source imaging technique for localizing M1 during ~1 minute recordings of left and right self-paced finger movements (~1 Hz). High-resolution MEG source images were obtained by projecting M1 activity towards the skin EMG signal without trial averaging. We studied delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (15-30 Hz), and gamma (30-90 Hz) bands in 13 healthy participants (26 datasets) and two presurgical patients with sensorimotor dysfunction. In healthy participants, EMG-projected MEG accurately localized M1 with high accuracy in delta (100.0%), theta (100.0%), and beta (76.9%) bands, but not alpha (34.6%) and gamma (0.0%) bands. Except for delta, all other frequency bands were above the movement frequency and its harmonics. In both presurgical patients, M1 activity in the affected hemisphere was also accurately localized, despite highly irregular EMG movement patterns in one patient. Altogether, our EMG-projected MEG imaging approach is highly accurate and feasible for M1 mapping in presurgical patients. The results also provide insight into movement related brain-muscle coupling above the movement frequency and its harmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiong Huang
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Deborah L. Harrington
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhengwei Ji
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Robb-Swan
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles W. Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hayden Hansen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jared Baumgartner
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Sharon Nichols
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Imanuel Lerman
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maksim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Giri P Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dewleen G. Baker
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ramesh Rao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roland R. Lee
- Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Babajani-Feremi A, Pourmotabbed H, Schraegle WA, Calley CS, Clarke DF, Papanicolaou AC. MEG language mapping using a novel automatic ECD algorithm in comparison with MNE, dSPM, and DICS beamformer. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1151885. [PMID: 37332870 PMCID: PMC10272516 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1151885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The single equivalent current dipole (sECD) is the standard clinical procedure for presurgical language mapping in epilepsy using magnetoencephalography (MEG). However, the sECD approach has not been widely used in clinical assessments, mainly because it requires subjective judgements in selecting several critical parameters. To address this limitation, we developed an automatic sECD algorithm (AsECDa) for language mapping. Methods The localization accuracy of the AsECDa was evaluated using synthetic MEG data. Subsequently, the reliability and efficiency of AsECDa were compared to three other common source localization methods using MEG data recorded during two sessions of a receptive language task in 21 epilepsy patients. These methods include minimum norm estimation (MNE), dynamic statistical parametric mapping (dSPM), and dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS) beamformer. Results For the synthetic single dipole MEG data with a typical signal-to-noise ratio, the average localization error of AsECDa was less than 2 mm for simulated superficial and deep dipoles. For the patient data, AsECDa showed better test-retest reliability (TRR) of the language laterality index (LI) than MNE, dSPM, and DICS beamformer. Specifically, the LI calculated with AsECDa revealed excellent TRR between the two MEG sessions across all patients (Cor = 0.80), while the LI for MNE, dSPM, DICS-event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the alpha band, and DICS-ERD in the low beta band ranged lower (Cor = 0.71, 0.64, 0.54, and 0.48, respectively). Furthermore, AsECDa identified 38% of patients with atypical language lateralization (i.e., right lateralization or bilateral), compared to 73%, 68%, 55%, and 50% identified by DICS-ERD in the low beta band, DICS-ERD in the alpha band, MNE, and dSPM, respectively. Compared to other methods, AsECDa's results were more consistent with previous studies that reported atypical language lateralization in 20-30% of epilepsy patients. Discussion Our study suggests that AsECDa is a promising approach for presurgical language mapping, and its fully automated nature makes it easy to implement and reliable for clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Babajani-Feremi
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Lab, The Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Haatef Pourmotabbed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - William A. Schraegle
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Dell Children’s Medical Center, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Clifford S. Calley
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Dell Children’s Medical Center, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Dave F. Clarke
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Dell Children’s Medical Center, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Andrew C. Papanicolaou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Maldjian JA, Lee R, Jordan J, Davenport EM, Proskovec AL, Wintermark M, Stufflebeam S, Anderson J, Mukherjee P, Nagarajan SS, Ferrari P, Gaetz W, Schwartz E, Roberts TPL. ACR White Paper on Magnetoencephalography and Magnetic Source Imaging: A Report from the ACR Commission on Neuroradiology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:E46-E53. [PMID: 36456085 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography, the extracranial detection of tiny magnetic fields emanating from intracranial electrical activity of neurons, and its source modeling relation, magnetic source imaging, represent a powerful functional neuroimaging technique, able to detect and localize both spontaneous and evoked activity of the brain in health and disease. Recent years have seen an increased utilization of this technique for both clinical practice and research, in the United States and worldwide. This report summarizes current thinking, presents recommendations for clinical implementation, and offers an outlook for emerging new clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Maldjian
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research Laboratory (J.A.M., E.M.D., A.L.P.) .,MEG Center of Excellence (J.A.M., E.M.D., A.L.P.).,Department of Radiology (J.A.M., E.M.D., A.L.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - R Lee
- Department of Neuroradiology (R.L.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - J Jordan
- ACR Commission on Neuroradiology (J.J.), American College of Radiology, Reston, Virginia.,Stanford University School of Medicine (J.J.), Stanford, California
| | - E M Davenport
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research Laboratory (J.A.M., E.M.D., A.L.P.).,MEG Center of Excellence (J.A.M., E.M.D., A.L.P.).,Department of Radiology (J.A.M., E.M.D., A.L.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - A L Proskovec
- From the Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research Laboratory (J.A.M., E.M.D., A.L.P.).,MEG Center of Excellence (J.A.M., E.M.D., A.L.P.).,Department of Radiology (J.A.M., E.M.D., A.L.P.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - M Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), University of Texas MD Anderson Center, Houston, Texas
| | - S Stufflebeam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (S.S.), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - J Anderson
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.A.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - P Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (P.M., S.S.N.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - S S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (P.M., S.S.N.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - P Ferrari
- Pediatric Neurosciences (P.F.), Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development (P.F.), College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - W Gaetz
- Department of Radiology (W.G., E.S., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E Schwartz
- Department of Radiology (W.G., E.S., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - T P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology (W.G., E.S., T.P.L.R.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Weiss Lucas C, Faymonville AM, Loução R, Schroeter C, Nettekoven C, Oros-Peusquens AM, Langen KJ, Shah NJ, Stoffels G, Neuschmelting V, Blau T, Neuschmelting H, Hellmich M, Kocher M, Grefkes C, Goldbrunner R. Surgery of Motor Eloquent Glioblastoma Guided by TMS-Informed Tractography: Driving Resection Completeness Towards Prolonged Survival. Front Oncol 2022; 12:874631. [PMID: 35692752 PMCID: PMC9186060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.874631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical treatment of patients with glioblastoma affecting motor eloquent brain regions remains critically discussed given the risk–benefit dilemma of prolonging survival at the cost of motor-functional damage. Tractography informed by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS-informed tractography, TIT) provides a rather robust estimate of the individual location of the corticospinal tract (CST), a highly vulnerable structure with poor functional reorganisation potential. We hypothesised that by a more comprehensive, individualised surgical decision-making using TIT, tumours in close relationship to the CST can be resected with at least equal probability of gross total resection (GTR) than less eloquently located tumours without causing significantly more gross motor function harm. Moreover, we explored whether the completeness of TIT-aided resection translates to longer survival. Methods A total of 61 patients (median age 63 years, m = 34) with primary glioblastoma neighbouring or involving the CST were operated on between 2010 and 2015. TIT was performed to inform surgical planning in 35 of the patients (group T; vs. 26 control patients). To achieve largely unconfounded group comparisons for each co-primary outcome (i.e., gross-motor functional worsening, GTR, survival), (i) uni- and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify features of optimal outcome prediction; (ii), optimal propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance those features pairwise across groups, followed by (iii) pairwise group comparison. Results Patients in group T featured a significantly higher lesion-CST overlap compared to controls (8.7 ± 10.7% vs. 3.8 ± 5.7%; p = 0.022). The frequency of gross motor worsening was higher in group T, albeit non-significant (n = 5/35 vs. n = 0/26; p = 0.108). PSM-based paired-sample comparison, controlling for the confounders of preoperative tumour volume and vicinity to the delicate vasculature of the insula, showed higher GTR rates in group T (77% vs. 69%; p = 0.025), particularly in patients with a priori intended GTR (87% vs. 78%; p = 0.003). This translates into a prolonged PFS in the same PSM subgroup (8.9 vs. 5.8 months; p = 0.03), with GTR representing the strongest predictor of PFS (p = 0.001) and OS (p = 0.0003) overall. Conclusion The benefit of TIT-aided GTR appears to overcome the drawbacks of potentially elevated motor functional risk in motor eloquent tumour localisation, leading to prolonged survival of patients with primary glioblastoma close to the CST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Weiss Lucas
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Maria Faymonville
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ricardo Loução
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Julich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Catharina Schroeter
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte Nettekoven
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Karl Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Julich, Juelich, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Julich, Juelich, Germany.,JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stoffels
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Julich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Volker Neuschmelting
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Blau
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah Neuschmelting
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Kocher
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Julich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Julich, Juelich, Germany.,Institute for Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of General Neurosurgery, Center of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Spooner RK, Madhavan D, Aizenberg MR, Wilson TW. Retrospective comparison of motor and somatosensory MEG mapping-Considerations for better clinical applications. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103045. [PMID: 35597033 PMCID: PMC9123261 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MEG is a clinically validated tool for presurgical functional mapping. The success rate for MEG somatosensory and motor mapping is not fully known. Comprehensive mapping protocols increase the accuracy of sensorimotor mapping. Major sources of mapping failures include low SNR, magnetic artifacts, and motion. Recommendations for improving mapping success rates in the future are discussed.
While magnetoencephalography (MEG) has proven to be a valuable and reliable tool for presurgical functional mapping of eloquent cortices for at least two decades, widespread use of this technique by clinicians has remained elusive. This modest application may be attributable, at least in part, to misunderstandings regarding the success rate of such mapping procedures, as well as the primary sources contributing to mapping failures. To address this, we conducted a retrospective comparison of sensorimotor functional mapping success rates in 141 patients with epilepsy and 75 tumor patients from the Center for MEG in Omaha, NE. Neurosurgical candidates either completed motor mapping (i.e., finger tapping paradigm), somatosensory mapping (i.e., peripheral stimulation paradigm), or both motor and somatosensory protocols during MEG. All MEG data underwent subsequent time-domain averaging and source localization of left and right primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) cortices was conducted using a single equivalent dipole model. Successful mapping was determined based on dipole goodness of fit metrics ∼ 95%, as well as an accurate and conceivable spatial correspondence to precentral and postcentral gyri for M1 and S1, respectively. Our results suggest that mapping M1 in epilepsy and tumor patients was on average 94.5% successful, when patients only completed motor mapping protocols. In contrast, mapping S1 was successful 45–100% of the time in these patient groups when they only completed somatosensory mapping paradigms. Importantly, Z-tests for independent proportions revealed that the percentage of successful S1 mappings significantly increased to ∼ 94% in epilepsy patients who completed both motor/somatosensory mapping protocols during MEG. Together, these data suggest that ordering more comprehensive mapping procedures (e.g., both motor and somatosensory protocols for a collective sensorimotor network) may substantially increase the accuracy of presurgical functional mapping by providing more extensive data from which to base interpretations. Moreover, clinicians and magnetoencephalographers should be considerate of the major contributors to mapping failures (i.e., low SNR, excessive motion and magnetic artifacts) in order to further increase the percentage of cases achieving successful mapping of eloquent cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spooner
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Deepak Madhavan
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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12
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Otsubo H, Ogawa H, Pang E, Wong SM, Ibrahim GM, Widjaja E. A review of magnetoencephalography use in pediatric epilepsy: an update on best practice. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:1225-1240. [PMID: 33780318 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1910024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive technique that is used for presurgical evaluation of children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).Areas covered: The contributions of MEG for localizing the epileptogenic zone are discussed, in particular in extra-temporal lobe epilepsy and focal cortical dysplasia, which are common in children, as well as in difficult to localize epilepsy such as operculo-insular epilepsy. Further, the authors review current evidence on MEG for mapping eloquent cortex, its performance, application in clinical practice, and potential challenges.Expert opinion: MEG could change the clinical management of children with DRE by directing placement of intracranial electrodes thereby enhancing their yield. With improved identification of a circumscribed epileptogenic zone, MEG could render more patients as suitable candidates for epilepsy surgery and increase utilization of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Otsubo
- Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Pang
- Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simeon M Wong
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elysa Widjaja
- Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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