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Nolan LJ, Embling R, Wilkinson LL. Breadth of substance use is associated with the selection of a larger food portion size via elevated impulsivity. Physiol Behav 2024; 283:114594. [PMID: 38789067 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Substance use is associated with altered or elevated food consumption and disordered eating. In the present study we examined whether breadth (variety) of drug use was associated with elevated portion size in a general population sample as it was in persons in recovery from substance use disorder. Furthermore, measures of emotional eating, impulsivity, food misuse, food craving were taken as possible mediators and reward responsiveness was examined as a potential moderator of this association. 444 adults (48.6 % women, mean age of 47.8 years) completed an online study in which they were asked to make judgements of ideal portion size for 6 different foods using a validated online tool that allowed participants to adjust the portion size of images of foods. Ideal portion size has been identified as a strong predictor of actual consumption. Participants were also asked to report the number of substances used in the past and provide anthropometric information. The results confirmed that breadth of drug use was associated with selection of higher portion size. Reward responsiveness was not a moderator of this relationship. Of the tested mediators, only impulsivity mediated the association between breadth of drug use and portion size. The results show that impulsivity may underlie the association between eating and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Nolan
- Department of Psychology, Wagner College, Staten Island, 1 Campus Rd, Staten Island, NY 10301 USA.
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2
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Alessi J, Dzemidzic M, Harezlak J, Kareken DA, Considine RV. Neural processing of sweet taste in reward regions is reduced following bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1709-1720. [PMID: 39192770 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery reduces sweet-liking, but mechanisms remain unclear. We examined related brain responses. METHODS A total of 24 nondiabetic bariatric surgery and 21 control participants with normal weight to overweight were recruited for an observational controlled cohort study. They underwent sucrose taste testing outside the scanner followed by stimulation with 0.40M and 0.10M sucrose compared with water during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 21 bariatric participants repeated these procedures after surgery. RESULTS Perceived sweet intensity was not different among the control, presurgery, or postsurgery groups. Bariatric participants' preferred sweet concentration decreased after surgery (0.52M to 0.29M; p = 0.008). Brain reward system (ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex) region of interest analysis showed that 0.40M sucrose activation (but not 0.10M) decreased after surgery. Sensory region (primary somatosensory and primary taste cortex) 0.40M sucrose activation was unchanged by surgery and did not differ between control and bariatric participants. Primary taste cortex activation to 0.10M sucrose solution was greater in postsurgical bariatric participants compared with control participants. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery reduces the reward system response to sweet taste in women with obesity without affecting activity in sensory regions, which is consistent with reduced drive to consume sweet foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Alessi
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert V Considine
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Alessi J, Dzemidzic M, Benson K, Chittum G, Kosobud A, Harezlak J, Plawecki MH, O'Connor SJ, Kareken DA. High-intensity sweet taste as a predictor of subjective alcohol responses to the ascending limb of an intravenous alcohol prime: an fMRI study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:396-404. [PMID: 37550441 PMCID: PMC10724194 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity sweet-liking has been linked to alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk. However, the neural underpinning of this association is poorly understood. To find a biomarker predictive of AUD, 140 participants (social and heavy drinkers, ages 21-26) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a monetary incentive delay (MID) task and stimulation with high (SucroseHigh)- and low-concentration sucrose, as well as viscosity-matched water. On another day after imaging, and just before free-access intravenous alcohol self-administration, participants experienced a 30 mg% alcohol prime (10 min ascent) using the Computerized Alcohol Infusion System. Principal component analysis (PCA) of subjective responses (SR) to the prime's ascending limb generated enjoyable (SRenjoy) and sedative (SRsed) intoxication components. Another PCA created one component reflective of self-administered alcohol exposure (AE) over 90 min. Component loadings were entered as regressors in a voxel-wise general linear fMRI model, with reward type as a fixed factor. By design, peak prime breath alcohol concentration was similar across participants (29 ± 3.4 mg%). SRenjoy on the prime's ascending limb correlated positively with [SucroseHigh > Water] in the supplementary motor area and right dorsal anterior insula, implicating the salience network. Neither SR component correlated with the brain's response to MID. AE was unrelated to brain reward activation. While these findings do not support a relationship between alcohol self-administration and (1) subjective liking of or (2) regional brain response to an intensely sweet taste, they show that alcohol's enjoyable intoxicating effects on the rising limb correspond with anterior insular and supplementary motor area responses to high-concentration sucrose taste. No such associations were observed with MID despite robust activation in those regions. Insula and supplementary motor area responses to intense sensations relate to a known risk factor for AUD in a way that is not apparent with a secondary (monetary) reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Alessi
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Katherine Benson
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Clinical Psychology Graduate Program, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - George Chittum
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ann Kosobud
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sean J O'Connor
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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4
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Yeung AWK. Differences in Brain Responses to Food or Tastants Delivered with and Without Swallowing: a Meta-analysis on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-022-09299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Erikson CM, Douglas KT, Thuet TO, Richardson BD, Mohr C, Shiina H, Kaplan JS, Rossi DJ. Independent of differences in taste, B6N mice consume less alcohol than genetically similar B6J mice, and exhibit opposite polarity modulation of tonic GABA AR currents by alcohol. Neuropharmacology 2022; 206:108934. [PMID: 34933049 PMCID: PMC9208337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic differences in cerebellar sensitivity to alcohol (EtOH) influence EtOH consumption phenotype in animal models and contribute to risk for developing an alcohol use disorder in humans. We previously determined that EtOH enhances cerebellar granule cell (GC) tonic GABAAR currents in low EtOH consuming rodent genotypes, but suppresses it in high EtOH consuming rodent genotypes. Moreover, pharmacologically counteracting EtOH suppression of GC tonic GABAAR currents reduces EtOH consumption in high alcohol consuming C57BL/6J (B6J) mice, suggesting a causative role. In the low EtOH consuming rodent models tested to date, EtOH enhancement of GC tonic GABAAR currents is mediated by inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) which drives increased vesicular GABA release onto GCs and a consequent enhancement of tonic GABAAR currents. Consequently, genetic variation in nNOS expression across rodent genotypes is a key determinant of whether EtOH enhances or suppresses tonic GABAAR currents, and thus EtOH consumption. We used behavioral, electrophysiological, and immunocytochemical techniques to further explore the relationship between EtOH consumption and GC GABAAR current responses in C57BL/6N (B6N) mice. B6N mice consume significantly less EtOH and achieve significantly lower blood EtOH concentrations than B6J mice, an outcome not mediated by differences in taste. In voltage-clamped GCs, EtOH enhanced the GC tonic current in B6N mice but suppressed it in B6J mice. Immunohistochemical and electrophysiological studies revealed significantly higher nNOS expression and function in the GC layer of B6N mice compared to B6Js. Collectively, our data demonstrate that despite being genetically similar, B6N mice consume significantly less EtOH than B6J mice, a behavioral difference paralleled by increased cerebellar nNOS expression and opposite EtOH action on GC tonic GABAAR currents in each genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M Erikson
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, 1815 Ferdinands Lane, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA
| | - Kevin T Douglas
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, 1815 Ferdinands Lane, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA
| | - Talia O Thuet
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, 1815 Ferdinands Lane, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA
| | - Ben D Richardson
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, 1815 Ferdinands Lane, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University - School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, 1815 Ferdinands Lane, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA
| | - Hiroko Shiina
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, 1815 Ferdinands Lane, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA; Department of Physiology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Josh S Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellinham, WA, 9822, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David J Rossi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, 1815 Ferdinands Lane, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA.
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6
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Ponticorvo S, Prinster A, Cantone E, Di Salle F, Esposito F, Canna A. Sex differences in the taste-evoked functional connectivity network. Chem Senses 2022; 47:6617558. [PMID: 35749468 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central gustatory pathway encompasses multiple subcortical and cortical regions whose neural functional connectivity can be modulated by taste stimulation. While gustatory perception has been previously linked to sex, whether and how the gustatory network differently responds to basic tastes between men and women is unclear. Here, we defined the regions of the central gustatory network by a meta-analysis of 35 fMRI taste activation studies and then analyzed the taste-evoked functional connectivity between these regions in 44 subjects (19 women) in a separate 3 Tesla activation study where sweet and bitter solutions, at five concentrations each, were administered during scanning. From the meta-analysis, a network model was set up, including bilateral anterior, middle and inferior insula, thalamus, precentral gyrus, left amygdala, caudate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Higher functional connectivity than in women was observed in men between the right middle insula and bilateral thalami for bitter taste. Men exhibited higher connectivity than women at low bitter concentrations and middle-high sweet concentrations between bilateral thalamus and insula. A graph-based analysis expressed similar results in terms of nodal characteristics of strength and centrality. Our findings add new insights into the mechanisms of taste processing by highlighting sex differences in the functional connectivity of the gustatory network as modulated by the perception of sweet and bitter tastes. These results shed more light on the neural origin of sex-related differences in gustatory perception and may guide future research on the pathophysiology of taste perception in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ponticorvo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna Prinster
- Biostructure and Bioimaging Institute, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cantone
- Section of ENT, Department of Neuroscience, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Salle
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona", Scuola Medica Salernitana, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonietta Canna
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
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7
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Braun TD, Kunicki ZJ, Blevins CE, Stein MD, Marsh E, Feltus S, Miranda R, Thomas JG, Abrantes AM. Prospective Associations between Attitudes toward Sweet Foods, Sugar Consumption, and Cravings for Alcohol and Sweets in Early Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorders. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2021; 39:269-281. [PMID: 34566252 DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2020.1868958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweet liking (heightened preference for highly-sweet solutions) is linked to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and relapse, as well as attitudes towards sweet foods - use of sugar to cope with negative affect (sweet-cope), and impaired control over sweets consumption (sweet-control). This prospective analysis of individuals with AUD (N=26) participating in an Alcohol and Drug partial hospitalization program observed increases in self-reported sugar consumption and sweet craving from Time 1 (T1) to Time 2 (T2; 4 weeks later). Sweet-cope (T1) predicted T2 sweet craving. In an exploratory cross-lagged panel model, sweet-cope predicted sugar consumption and sweet craving at T1 and T2, and alcohol craving at T2. This pattern of results suggests the hypothesis that use of sugar to regulate negative affect may prove a novel, modifiable risk mechanism of the association between sweet liking and relapse. Sweet-cope may also prove an intervention target for improving nutrition and weight-related factors in early recovery. Future research in larger sample sizes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca D Braun
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital
| | - Zachary J Kunicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Claire E Blevins
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital
| | - Michael D Stein
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital.,Department of Health Law, Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Eliza Marsh
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital
| | - Sage Feltus
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital.,Department of Psychology, Binghamton University
| | - Robert Miranda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - John G Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University.,Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital
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8
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Neural mechanisms underlying the role of fructose in overfeeding. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:346-357. [PMID: 34182019 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fructose consumption has been linked with metabolic syndrome and obesity. Fructose-based sweeteners like high fructose corn syrup taste sweeter, improve food palatability, and are increasingly prevalent in our diet. The increase in fructose consumption precedes the rise in obesity and is a contributing driver to the obesity epidemic worldwide. The role of dietary fructose in obesity can be multifactorial by promoting visceral adiposity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Interestingly, one emergent finding from human and animal studies is that dietary fructose promotes overfeeding. As the brain is a critical regulator of food intake, we reviewed the evidence that fructose can act in the brain and elucidated the major brain systems underlying fructose-induced overfeeding. We found that fructose acts on multiple interdependent brain systems to increase orexigenic drive and the incentive salience of food while decreasing the latency between food bouts and reducing cognitive control to disinhibit feeding. We concluded that the collective actions of fructose may promote feeding behavior by producing a hunger-like state in the brain.
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Agarwal K, Manza P, Leggio L, Livinski AA, Volkow ND, Joseph PV. Sensory cue reactivity: Sensitization in alcohol use disorder and obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:326-357. [PMID: 33587959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging techniques to measure the function of the human brain such as electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are powerful tools for understanding the underlying neural circuitry associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and obesity. The sensory (visual, taste and smell) paradigms used in neuroimaging studies represent an ideal platform to investigate the connection between the different neural circuits subserving the reward/executive control systems in these disorders, which may offer a translational mechanism for novel intervention predictions. Thus, the current review provides an integrated summary of the recent neuroimaging studies that have applied cue-reactivity paradigms and neuromodulation strategies to explore underlying alterations in neural circuitry as well in treatment strategies in AUD and obesity. Finally, we discuss literature on mechanisms associated with increased alcohol sensitivity post-bariatric surgery (BS) which offers guidance for future research to use sensory percepts in elucidating the relation of reward signaling in AUD development post-BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda and Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda and Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paule Valery Joseph
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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McCane AM, Auterson CD, DeLory MJ, Lapish CC, Czachowski CL. Differential effects of quinine adulteration of alcohol on seeking and drinking. Alcohol 2021; 92:73-80. [PMID: 33465465 PMCID: PMC8026625 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is characterized by compulsive alcohol use. Alcohol-paired stimuli can drive compulsive alcohol use, induce craving, and lead to relapse. Alcohol dependence is highly heritable, and individuals with a family history are at elevated risk to develop an alcohol use disorder. Understanding the association between genetic vulnerability to alcohol dependence and neural alterations that promote an addiction phenotype are critical to the prevention and treatment of alcohol dependence. Here we use selectively bred alcohol-preferring P rats and their progenitor strain, Wistar rats, to investigate the relationship between genetic liability and alcohol-seeking and drinking behaviors in a discriminative stimuli paradigm. To further investigate strain differences in motivated responding, alcohol was adulterated with quinine, and intake and responding were assessed. While both strains learned to discriminate between stimuli that predicted alcohol availability, P rats learned faster and consumed more alcohol. Quinine adulteration reduced ethanol intake in both strains with no effect on ethanol-seeking measures. These data suggest genetic vulnerability to alcohol dependence is associated with increased motivated behaviors and highlight the utility of P rats in teasing apart the neural mechanisms associated with this phenotype. Additionally, these data suggest a dissociation between the neural systems that engage ethanol drinking versus compulsive ethanol seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqilah M McCane
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Curtis D Auterson
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Michael J DeLory
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Christopher C Lapish
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Cristine L Czachowski
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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Chen EY, Zeffiro TA. Hunger and BMI modulate neural responses to sweet stimuli: fMRI meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1636-1652. [PMID: 32555497 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consuming sweet foods, even when sated, can lead to unwanted weight gain. Contextual factors, such as longer time fasting, subjective hunger, and body mass index (BMI), may increase the likelihood of overeating. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying these moderating influences on energy intake are poorly understood. METHODS We conducted both categorical meta-analysis and meta-regression of factors modulating neural responses to sweet stimuli, using data from 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) articles incorporating 39 experiments (N = 995) carried out between 2006 and 2019. RESULTS Responses to sweet stimuli were associated with increased activity in regions associated with taste, sensory integration, and reward processing. These taste-evoked responses were modulated by context. Longer fasts were associated with higher posterior cerebellar, thalamic, and striatal activity. Greater self-reported hunger was associated with higher medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsal striatum, and amygdala activity and lower posterior cerebellar activity. Higher BMI was associated with higher posterior cerebellar and insular activity. CONCLUSIONS Variations in fasting time, self-reported hunger, and BMI are contexts associated with differential sweet stimulus responses in regions associated with reward processing and homeostatic regulation. These results are broadly consistent with a hierarchical model of taste processing. Hunger, but not fasting or BMI, was associated with sweet stimulus-related OFC activity. Our findings extend existing models of taste processing to include posterior cerebellar regions that are associated with moderating effects of both state (fast length and self-reported hunger) and trait (BMI) variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y Chen
- TEDP (Temple Eating Disorders Program), Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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12
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Roberts CA, Giesbrecht T, Fallon N, Thomas A, Mela DJ, Kirkham TC. A Systematic Review and Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies on Sweet Taste in Humans. J Nutr 2020; 150:1619-1630. [PMID: 32271923 PMCID: PMC7269728 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reward value of palatable foods is often cited as an important influence on eating behaviors, including intake of sugars. However, human neuroimaging studies have generated conflicting evidence on the basic neural representation of taste and reward responses to caloric sweeteners (sucrose and glucose), and most relevant studies have used small subject numbers. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and a coordinate-based meta-analysis of studies reporting brain responses to oral sugar solutions. METHODS A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycINFO through October 2019 identified fMRI studies (in healthy human adults, including those with overweight or obesity) assessing differences in responses to purified sweet and nonsweet taste stimuli. Data were extracted with the primary objective of quantifying evidence for the activation of brain regions associated with caloric sweet taste sensation. We used activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis methods. We also performed multiple sensitivity analyses to assess the generality of effects. RESULTS Of 455 unique articles, 15 met the criteria for inclusion. These contributed to 2 primary meta-analyses: 1) sucrose (13 experiments, 179 coordinates, n = 241) and 2) sucrose + glucose (16 experiments, 209 coordinates, n = 262). Consistent activation was apparent in primary taste areas: insula (69.2% of studies) and opercular cortex (76.9% of studies), precentral gyri (53.9% of studies), and globus pallidus and postcentral gyrus (30.8% of studies for each). Evidence of reward activity (caudate) was seen in the primary analyses (30.8% of studies) but not in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS We confirm the importance of primary taste areas for gustatory processing in human adults. We also provide tentative evidence for reward-related caudate activity in relation to the sweet taste of caloric sugars. A number of factors affect the observation and interpretation of brain responses, including reward-related activity. Firm conclusions require confirmation with large data set studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Roberts
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to CAR (e-mail: )
| | | | - Nicholas Fallon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tim C Kirkham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Bedwell JS, Spencer CC, Chirino CA, O’Donnell JP. The Sweet Taste Test: Relationships with Anhedonia Subtypes, Personality Traits, and Menstrual Cycle Phases. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Iatridi V, Hayes JE, Yeomans MR. Quantifying Sweet Taste Liker Phenotypes: Time for Some Consistency in the Classification Criteria. Nutrients 2019; 11:E129. [PMID: 30634558 PMCID: PMC6357166 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste hedonics is a well-documented driver of food consumption. The role of sweetness in directing ingestive behavior is largely rooted in biology. One can then intuit that individual differences in sweet-liking may constitute an indicator of variations in the susceptibility to diet-related health outcomes. Despite half a century of research on sweet-liking, the best method to identify the distinct responses to sweet taste is still debated. To help resolve this issue, liking and intensity ratings for eight sucrose solutions ranging from 0 to 1 M were collected from 148 young adults (29% men). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed three response patterns: a sweet-liker (SL) phenotype characterized by a rise in liking as concentration increased, an inverted U-shaped phenotype with maximum liking at 0.25 M, and a sweet-disliker (SD) phenotype characterized by a decline in liking as a function of concentration. Based on sensitivity and specificity analyses, present data suggest the clearest discrimination between phenotypes is seen with 1.0 M sucrose, where a liking rating between -15 and +15 on a -50/+50 scale reliably distinguished individuals with an inverted U-shaped response from the SLs and the SDs. If the efficacy of this approach is confirmed in other populations, the discrimination criteria identified here can serve as the basis for a standard method for classifying sweet taste liker phenotypes in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Hayes
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Comstock SM, Vaidya JG, Niciu MJ. Neurophysiological Correlates and Differential Drug Response in Subjects With a Family History of an Alcohol Use Disorder. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2019; 3:2470547019865267. [PMID: 31511840 PMCID: PMC6738944 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019865267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A family history of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been shown to increase one's risk of developing an AUD. Additionally, a positive family history of AUD (family history positive (FHP)) has neurobiological and neuropsychopharmacological consequences, and this review summarizes differential drug response as well as neuroanatomical and neurocognitive correlates. FHP status is related to altered responses to a number of drugs, including substances with abuse liability like alcohol, opioids, amphetamines, and ketamine. FHP individuals demonstrate fewer aversive effects and more rewarding response to both alcohol and subanesthetic dose ketamine. Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant, and several studies have reported that ketamine is more effective for FHP treatment-resistant depressed individuals. In short, the reviewed neurophysiological differences may contribute to ketamine's enhanced antidepressant efficacy in FHP patients. Volumetric differences in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, neocortex, and cerebellum are commonly reported. Furthermore, FHP has also been associated with altered neurocognitive performance, e.g., increased impulsivity. The imaging and psychological literature supports a neurodevelopmental lag hypothesis in FHP youth. The review will further discuss these findings in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage M. Comstock
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jatin G. Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark J. Niciu
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa
Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Children's propensity to consume sugar and fat predicts regular alcohol consumption in adolescence. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:3202-3209. [PMID: 30139409 PMCID: PMC6316354 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study investigated the association between sugar and fat intake in childhood in relation to alcohol use in adolescence. We hypothesized that early exposure to diets high in fat and sugar may affect ingestive behaviours later in life, including alcohol use. Design/Setting/Subjects Children from the European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study were examined at ages 5–9 years and followed up at ages 11–16 years. FFQ were completed by parents on behalf of children, and later by adolescents themselves. Complete data were available in 2263 participants. Children’s propensities to consume foods high in fat and sugar were calculated and dichotomized at median values. Adolescents’ use of alcohol was classified as at least weekly v. less frequent use. Log-binomial regression linked sugar and fat consumption in childhood to risk of alcohol use in adolescence, adjusted for relevant covariates. Results Five per cent of adolescents reported weekly alcohol consumption. Children with high propensity to consume sugar and fat were at greater risk of later alcohol use, compared with children with low fat and low sugar propensity (relative risk=2·46; 95 % CI 1·47, 4·12), independent of age, sex and survey country. The association was not explained by parental income and education, strict parenting style or child's health-related quality of life and was only partly mediated by sustained consumption of sugar and fat into adolescence. Conclusions Frequent consumption of foods high in fat and sugar in childhood predicted regular use of alcohol in adolescence.
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